They speak one of the Salishan languages. Based on the number of people who speak their Shuswap language, the Secwepemc are likely the most numerous of the Interior Salish peoples of British Columbia.[4]
Their traditional language is Shuswap, also known as Secwepemctsín (Salishan pronunciation:[ʃəxwəpməxtˈʃin]). In the early 21st century, it is spoken by more than 1,600 people.[4] The First Nation is working to revitalize use of this language. For instance, Secwepemctsín is being taught in Chief Atahm School, which offers an immersion program to students from K-9. In addition, Simon Fraser University offers a university studies program teaching students Secwepemc language and culture.[5] The program focuses on the language, culture, and traditions of the Secwepemc people.[5]
The Secwepemc have always stressed the importance of recognizing their title to the land. In 1910, the Secwepemc Chiefs addressed a memorial to Prime Minister Laurier. Their paper laid out the cumulative grievances of the Secwepemc, based on the previous 50 years of European-Canadian settlement in their territory. Since the late 20th century, the Secwepmc people have created a number of organizations, institutions, and initiatives to help their people, including the Shuswap Nation Tribal Council and Secwepemc Cultural Education Society.[3]
Captive slaves were historically an important commodity to the Secwepemc, and the Secwepemc would raid other bands, and then sell the captives back in exchange for salmon. Very few captives were kept as household slaves.[6]
Traditional Shuswap tribal divisions and bandsedit
Setlemuk (Setlomuk, Sétlhemx) or Cañon Division, or Canyon Shuswap, west of the Fraser River, from about Churn Creek to beyond Riske Creek. Subdivisions: Riskie Creek, North Canyon, South Canyon, Chilcotin Mouth.[7][8] The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic almost wiped out the Canyon Shuswap. The survivors joined with the Alkali Lake band (Esketemc).
Skstellnemuk (Sxstélenemx) or Shuswap Lake Division, on the Upper South Thompson River, Shuswap Lake, and Spallumcheen River. Subdivisions: South Thompson, Adams Lake (now Sexqeltqin), Shuswap Lake, Spallumcheen, Arrow Lake.[7][8] Now known as the Neskonlith Indian Band.
Stietamuk (Styétemx, "interior people") or Lake Division, the interior of the plateau between Fraser and North Thompson rivers. Subdivisions: Lake la Hache, Green Timber, and Canim Lake (Tsq'escen').[7][8] Only the last band survived the diseases of the 1800s, absorbing the surviving members of the Green Timber band. The few survivors of the Lac La Hache band merged with the Williams Lake Band (T’exelcemc)
Stkamlulepsemuk or Kamloops Division, the people of Kamloops and Savona. Subdivisions: Savona or Deadman's Creek, Kamloops (Stkamluleps).[7][8]
Stlemhulehamuk or Fraser River Division, in the valley of Fraser River from High Bar to Soda Creek, including the people of Clinton. Subdivisions: Soda Creek, Buckskin Creek, Williams Lake (T'exelc) or Sugar Cane, Alkali Lake (Esketemc), Dog Creek, Canoe Creek, Empire Valley, Big Bar, High Bar (Llenlleney'ten), Clinton.[7][8]
Texqa'kallt (Tqéqeltkemx) or North Thompson Division, people of the North Thompson region. Subdivisions: Upper North Thompson, Lower North Thompson, Kinbaskets.[7][8] The Kinbasket or Kenpésqt are an offshoot of the Upper North Thompson and Shuswap Lake division, and are now called the Shuswap band Kenpesq't
Zaktcinemuk (Sexcinemx) or Bonaparte Division, in the valley of the Bonaparte River to near Ashcroft on the main Thompson, Cache Creek, Loon Lake, the lower part of Hat Creek, through Marble Canyon to Pavilion, and on both sides of the Fraser River near that point. Subdivisions: Pavilion (Ts'kw'aylaxw First Nation), Bonaparte River (now Stuctwesecm, "people of Stuctuws"), and Main Thompson (Snekwaˀetkwemx), who became extinct as a people during the late 19th century.[7][8]
Notable Secwépemc peopleedit
Darrell Dennis, comedian, actor, screenwriter and radio personality
^"Data Tables, 2016 Census". Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
^"First Nations Peoples of British Columbia". Government of British Columbia – Ministry of Education. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
^ abc. Archived from the original on 1998-11-11. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
^ abStatistics Canada: 2006 Census 2013-10-16 at the Wayback Machine
^ abIgnace, Ron (2013). "Partners in Success: The Simon Fraser University and Secwepemc First Nations Studies Program". Journal of University Continuing Education. 2: 28.
^Cannon, Aubrey (1992). Hayden, Brian (ed.). Conflict and Salmon on the Interior Plateau of British Columbia. UBC Press. p. 516. ISBN9780774804059. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ abcdefgHandbook of North American Indians, V. 12, Plateau, Opseg 5
External linksedit
Cultural Education Society
Spirit Map- language history and culture of the Secwepemc
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Shuswap Indians" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Notes on the Shuswap People of British Columbia, s.L.: S.n., 1980, George M. Dawson
February 16, 2024
secwépemc, secwepemc, ʃəˈxʷɛpməx, səˈxʷɛpməx, known, english, shuswap, people, ɑː, first, nations, people, residing, interior, canadian, province, british, columbia, they, speak, salishan, languages, known, secwepemc, shuswap, secwepemcshuswaplocation, extent,. The Secwepemc ʃ e x hw ɛ p ˈ m ɪ x 2 Secwepemc ʃeˈxʷɛpmex or seˈxʷɛpmex known in English as the Shuswap people ˈ ʃ uː ʃ w ɑː p are a First Nations people residing in the interior of the Canadian province of British Columbia They speak one of the Salishan languages known as Secwepemc or Shuswap SecwepemcShuswapSecwepemcLocation and extent of SecwepemcuĺecwTotal population6 755 Including those of mixed ancestry 1 2016 Regions with significant populationsCanada British Columbia LanguagesSecwepemctsin English SecwepemcekstRelated ethnic groupsother SalishSecwepemc Shuswap PeopleSecwepemcLanguageSecwepemctsin SecwepemcekstCountrySecwepemcul ecwSecwepemcuĺecw the traditional territory or country of the Shuswap people ranges from the eastern Chilcotin Plateau bordering Tŝilhqot in Country and the Cariboo Plateau southeast through Thompson Country to Kamloops It spans the Selkirk Mountains and Big Bend of the Columbia River to include the northern part of the Columbia Valley region Their traditional territory covers approximately 145 000 square kilometres 3 Traditionally they depended on hunting trading and fishing to support their communities 3 Contents 1 History language and culture 2 Traditional Shuswap tribal divisions and bands 3 Notable Secwepemc people 4 See also 5 Notes 6 External linksHistory language and culture editThey speak one of the Salishan languages Based on the number of people who speak their Shuswap language the Secwepemc are likely the most numerous of the Interior Salish peoples of British Columbia 4 Their traditional language is Shuswap also known as Secwepemctsin Salishan pronunciation ʃexwepmextˈʃin In the early 21st century it is spoken by more than 1 600 people 4 The First Nation is working to revitalize use of this language For instance Secwepemctsin is being taught in Chief Atahm School which offers an immersion program to students from K 9 In addition Simon Fraser University offers a university studies program teaching students Secwepemc language and culture 5 The program focuses on the language culture and traditions of the Secwepemc people 5 The Secwepemc have always stressed the importance of recognizing their title to the land In 1910 the Secwepemc Chiefs addressed a memorial to Prime Minister Laurier Their paper laid out the cumulative grievances of the Secwepemc based on the previous 50 years of European Canadian settlement in their territory Since the late 20th century the Secwepmc people have created a number of organizations institutions and initiatives to help their people including the Shuswap Nation Tribal Council and Secwepemc Cultural Education Society 3 Captive slaves were historically an important commodity to the Secwepemc and the Secwepemc would raid other bands and then sell the captives back in exchange for salmon Very few captives were kept as household slaves 6 Traditional Shuswap tribal divisions and bands editSetlemuk Setlomuk Setlhemx or Canon Division or Canyon Shuswap west of the Fraser River from about Churn Creek to beyond Riske Creek Subdivisions Riskie Creek North Canyon South Canyon Chilcotin Mouth 7 8 The 1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic almost wiped out the Canyon Shuswap The survivors joined with the Alkali Lake band Esketemc Skstellnemuk Sxstelenemx or Shuswap Lake Division on the Upper South Thompson River Shuswap Lake and Spallumcheen River Subdivisions South Thompson Adams Lake now Sexqeltqin Shuswap Lake Spallumcheen Arrow Lake 7 8 Now known as the Neskonlith Indian Band Stietamuk Styetemx interior people or Lake Division the interior of the plateau between Fraser and North Thompson rivers Subdivisions Lake la Hache Green Timber and Canim Lake Tsq escen 7 8 Only the last band survived the diseases of the 1800s absorbing the surviving members of the Green Timber band The few survivors of the Lac La Hache band merged with the Williams Lake Band T exelcemc Stkamlulepsemuk or Kamloops Division the people of Kamloops and Savona Subdivisions Savona or Deadman s Creek Kamloops Stkamluleps 7 8 Stlemhulehamuk or Fraser River Division in the valley of Fraser River from High Bar to Soda Creek including the people of Clinton Subdivisions Soda Creek Buckskin Creek Williams Lake T exelc or Sugar Cane Alkali Lake Esketemc Dog Creek Canoe Creek Empire Valley Big Bar High Bar Llenlleney ten Clinton 7 8 Texqa kallt Tqeqeltkemx or North Thompson Division people of the North Thompson region Subdivisions Upper North Thompson Lower North Thompson Kinbaskets 7 8 The Kinbasket or Kenpesqt are an offshoot of the Upper North Thompson and Shuswap Lake division and are now called the Shuswap band Kenpesq t Zaktcinemuk Sexcinemx or Bonaparte Division in the valley of the Bonaparte River to near Ashcroft on the main Thompson Cache Creek Loon Lake the lower part of Hat Creek through Marble Canyon to Pavilion and on both sides of the Fraser River near that point Subdivisions Pavilion Ts kw aylaxw First Nation Bonaparte River now Stuctwesecm people of Stuctuws and Main Thompson Snekwaˀetkwemx who became extinct as a people during the late 19th century 7 8 Notable Secwepemc people editDarrell Dennis comedian actor screenwriter and radio personality Grace Dove actress and television host Arthur Manuel political leader and activist George Manuel s son George Manuel president of the National Indian Brotherhood and founding president of the World Council of Indigenous Peoples Vera Manuel poet and playwright George Manuel s daughter Bev Sellars writer and activist Mary Augusta Tappage storyteller and midwife Phyllis Webstad author and creator of Orange Shirt Day Tania Willard curator and artistSee also editShuswap Nation Tribal Council Northern Shuswap Tribal Council Secwepemc Museum and Heritage Park Secwepemc Cultural Education Society Handbook of North American Indians Volume 12Notes edit Data Tables 2016 Census Statistics Canada 25 October 2017 Retrieved 26 September 2018 First Nations Peoples of British Columbia Government of British Columbia Ministry of Education Retrieved 2013 05 14 a b c Secwepemc Cultural Education Society Archived from the original on 1998 11 11 Retrieved 2017 11 02 a b Statistics Canada 2006 Census Archived 2013 10 16 at the Wayback Machine a b Ignace Ron 2013 Partners in Success The Simon Fraser University and Secwepemc First Nations Studies Program Journal of University Continuing Education 2 28 Cannon Aubrey 1992 Hayden Brian ed Conflict and Salmon on the Interior Plateau of British Columbia UBC Press p 516 ISBN 9780774804059 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help a b c d e f g Shuswap a b c d e f g Handbook of North American Indians V 12 Plateau Opseg 5External links editCultural Education Society Chief Atahm Immersion School Spirit Map language history and culture of the Secwepemc Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Shuswap Indians Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Notes on the Shuswap People of British Columbia s L S n 1980 George M Dawson Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Secwepemc amp oldid 1184290573, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
