California State Route 91

State Route 91 (SR 91) is a major east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California that serves several regions of the Greater Los Angeles urban area. A freeway throughout its entire length, it officially runs from Vermont Avenue^[3] in Gardena, just west of the junction with the Harbor Freeway (Interstate 110, I-110), east to Riverside at the junction with the Pomona (SR 60 west of SR 91) and Moreno Valley (SR 60 and I-215 east of SR 91) freeways.

State Route 91
SR 91 highlighted in red, with relinquished portions in pink
Route information
Maintained by Caltrans
Length	59.047 mi^[1] (95.027 km) Portions of SR 91 have been relinquished to or are otherwise maintained by local or other governments, and are not included in the length.
History	1930s as a highway; 1964 as number
Tourist routes	Riverside Freeway^[2]
Major junctions
West end	Vermont Avenue in Gardena^[3]
Major intersections	I-110 in Los Angeles I-710 in Long Beach SR 19 in Bellflower I-605 in Cerritos I-5 at the Buena Park–Fullerton border SR 57 in Anaheim SR 55 in Anaheim SR 241 Toll in Yorba Linda SR 71 in Corona I-15 in Corona
East end	I-215 / SR 60 in Riverside
Location
Country	United States
State	California
Counties	Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside
Highway system
State highways in California Interstate US State Scenic History Pre‑1964 Unconstructed Deleted Freeways
← SR 90 US 91, SR 91 → SR 92

Though signs along the portion from Vermont Avenue west to Pacific Coast Highway (SR 1) in Hermosa Beach along Artesia Boulevard are still signed as SR 91, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) no longer controls this portion of the highway, as this segment was relinquished to local jurisdictions in 2003.^[3]

SR 91 inherited its route number from the mostly decommissioned U.S. Route 91 (US 91), which passed through the Inland Empire in a northeasterly direction on its way to Las Vegas, Salt Lake City, and points beyond. Those segments of US 91 are now parallel to, or have been replaced altogether by, I-15.

Route description

From the Harbor Freeway (I-110) to its interchange with the Long Beach Freeway (I-710) in northern Long Beach, SR 91 is named the Gardena Freeway. Between the Long Beach Freeway and its interchange with the Santa Ana Freeway (I-5) in Buena Park, it is named the Artesia Freeway. From the Santa Ana Freeway to its eastern terminus at the interchange of the Pomona, Moreno Valley, and Escondido Freeways, it is named the Riverside Freeway.

Control cities on the route vary by location. Heading westbound, between SR 60/I-215 and the Orange County line, the control city is Beach Cities. With SR 241 heading towards Irvine, Laguna Beach, and the rest of south Orange County, the control city becomes Los Angeles between the Orange–Riverside county line and I-5. I-5 directs travelers to Los Angeles so between I-5 and Pioneer Boulevard, the control city is Artesia. Between Pioneer Boulevard and SR 1, the control city becomes Beach Cities again besides Carmenita Road in Cerritos, the control city is in Long Beach. Heading eastbound, the control city for the entire route is Riverside. The Beach Cities control city may have to do with SR 91's former western terminus in Hermosa Beach.

SR 91 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System,^[4] and is part of the National Highway System,^[5] a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.^[6] SR 91 is part of the State Scenic Highway System from SR 55 to the east city limit of Anaheim, in the western part of the Santa Ana Canyon,^[7] and is eligible for the system through the canyon to Interstate 15.^[8]

Gardena Freeway

The Gardena Freeway is a freeway in southern Los Angeles County. It is the westernmost freeway portion of State Route 91. It begins just west of the Harbor Freeway at the intersection with Vermont Avenue in the eastern edge of the city of Gardena, proceeding eastward approximately six miles (10 km) until it intersects the Long Beach Freeway. Thereafter, SR 91 is known as the Artesia Freeway.

Until 1991, the Gardena Freeway was known as the Redondo Beach Freeway. The name change reflected the successful efforts of the cities of Torrance and Redondo Beach to block the extension of the freeway westward to its intended terminus at the cancelled Pacific Coast Freeway in Redondo Beach. In 1997, the California government dedicated the portion of SR 91 between Alameda Street and Central Avenue to former assemblyman Willard H. Murray Jr.

Artesia Freeway

The Artesia Freeway is a freeway in southeastern Los Angeles County and northwestern Orange County. It runs east–west from its western terminus at the Long Beach Freeway in northern Long Beach to its eastern terminus at the Santa Ana Freeway in Buena Park. (SR 91 continues west of the Long Beach Freeway as the Gardena Freeway, and east of the Santa Ana Freeway as the Riverside Freeway.) The "Artesia Freeway" name originally was assigned to the entire length of SR 91 west of the Santa Ana Freeway in the early 1970s since it was, in sense, the freeway realignment of SR 91 from the paralleling Artesia Boulevard.

During the 1984 Summer Olympics, a 25 km (16 mi) stretch of the highway was home to the cycling men's road team time trial event.^[9]

As the only freeway to link Los Angeles, Orange, and Riverside counties, SR 91 is one of the most heavily congested routes in Southern California.

Riverside Freeway

 

Eastbound SR 91 just before SR 71 in February 2008 before the toll lane extension

 

Eastbound SR 91 at SR 55 (right) and 91 Express Lanes (left) in June 2022

 

Easterly view approaching SR 57 in October 2011

Between the Santa Ana Freeway, Interstate 5 (I-5), in Buena Park and the 91 Freeway's eastern terminus at a junction with Interstate 215 and State Route 60 in Riverside, the 91 Freeway's assigned name is the Riverside Freeway. Past the I-215/SR 60/SR 91 junction, the Riverside Freeway continues as I-215.

The freeway through the Santa Ana Canyon is paralleled by the 91/Perris Valley Line of Metrolink. Named after SR 91, the line also connects Los Angeles to Orange and Riverside counties.

A weigh station for both directions is located between the Imperial Highway and Yorba Linda Boulevard/Weir Canyon Road exits.

In 2003, Caltrans permanently closed off the Coal Canyon Road westbound and eastbound exits and entrances for environmental purposes; however, there are still traces of unmaintained road where the former exit lay, showing evidence that the ramps still exist, available to use as runaway ramps or emergency stops. In 2015, Caltrans permanently closed off the Grand Boulevard eastbound exit and westbound entrance to accommodate the widening of the freeway. If the ramps had stayed open, more businesses and houses would have been demolished. The ramps were scrapped with the widening and there is no emergency exit.

The Riverside Freeway first opened in 1963 signed as U.S. Route 91 and U.S. Route 395 and the last section was built in 1975.

91 Express Lanes

The 91 Express Lanes are 18-mile (29 km) high-occupancy toll lanes (HOT lanes) contained entirely within the median of the Riverside Freeway in Orange and Riverside counties. The 91 Express Lanes run from the junction of SR 91 with the SR 55 Freeway (Costa Mesa Freeway) in Anaheim to its junction with I-15 in Corona. Before the extension in 2017, they ended at the Riverside County line. With the extension of the toll lanes, the HOV lane between I-15 and Green River Road was converted into a HOT lane. The primary purpose of the toll lanes is to provide a faster output for drivers due to the congestion the highway experiences during peak hours, and to promote carpooling. The toll lanes opened in 1995 and when they opened, it was the country's first fully-automated toll collection system to feature value pricing.^[10]

The 91 Express Lanes consist of two primary lanes in each direction, separated from the main lanes of the Riverside Freeway with white, 3-foot-high (0.91 m), plastic lane markers (as opposed to concrete barriers or a similar solid barrier, or even just double white lines separating many other California HOT lanes). Entry and exit points for the 91 Express Lanes are only located at their west and east ends, and at the Orange–Riverside county line where the toll road originally terminated before 2017.^[11]

All tolls are collected using an open road tolling system, and therefore there are no toll booths to receive cash. Each vehicle is required to carry a FasTrak transponder.^[11] The 91 Express Lanes use a variable pricing system based on the time of day. The road is not truly congestion priced because toll rates come from a preset schedule and are not based on actual congestion. As of July 2022^[update], the highest toll rate on the tollway, charged 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm eastbound on Fridays, is $14.24 to travel the entire length ($8.60 on the Orange County segment, plus $5.65 on the Riverside County segment).^[12] The highest toll in the morning rush hour, charged 7:00 am to 7:59 am westbound Monday to Thursday, is $15.35 ($9.40 on the Riverside County segment, plus $5.95 on the Orange County segment).^[12] Carpools with three or more people are charged 50 percent of the posted toll when traveling eastbound from 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm on weekdays, and travel toll-free at all other times, if they use the designated carpool lane at the toll collection points. Drivers without any FasTrak tag will be assessed a toll violation regardless of whether they qualified for the carpool discounts.^[11]

A toll policy is published which states the criteria where tolls will be raised. The policy is designed to "a) reduce the likelihood of congestion by diverting traffic to other hours with available capacity; b) maintain free flow travel speed in the 91 Express Lanes; c) maintain travel time savings; d) accommodate projected growth in travel demand and; e) ensure that the toll road generates sufficient revenue to effectively operate the toll lanes and maintain a strong debt service position."^{[citation needed]} Changes to the toll schedule require ten days notification to the public and the OCTA board. Once tolls are changed during the super peak period, they may not be changed again for six months. All tolls increase annually due to inflation.^[13] Despite this, the toll lanes are generally free flowing during most peak hour conditions.^[14]

History

Original US 91: Barstow to Nevada

U.S. Route 91
Location	Long Beach to Nevada state line near Primm
Existed	1926 (1926)–1974 (1974)

The Arrowhead Trail, an auto trail connecting Salt Lake City with Los Angeles, initially took a longer route via present US 95 and former US 66 between Las Vegas and Needles, as the more direct Old Spanish Trail was in very poor condition.^[15][16] The "Silver Lake cutoff", which would save about 90 miles (145 km),^[17] was proposed by 1920,^[18] and completed in 1925 as an oiled road by San Bernardino County.^[19][20] The Bureau of Public Roads and the state of Nevada both urged its inclusion in the state highway system, the former as part of the federal aid highway connecting Salt Lake City and Los Angeles,^[21] and the state legislature did that in 1925,^[22] with it becoming an extension of Route 31. (Across the state line, State Route 6 continued through Las Vegas to Arizona.) The initial plan for the U.S. Highway system simply stated that Route No. 91 would run from Las Vegas "to an intersection with Route No. 60" (which became US 66 in 1926),^[23] but in 1926 the cutoff was chosen, ending at US 66 at Daggett, just east of Barstow.^[24][25] (The roadway south from Las Vegas later became part of US 95.) The route was added to the federal-aid secondary system in 1926,^[26] which helped pay for a mid-1930s widening and paving, including some realignments (parts of the old road are now known as Arrowhead Trail). The new routing generally followed the present I-15, except through Baker (where it used Baker Boulevard) and into Barstow (where it followed former SR 58 to First Avenue, ending at Main Street, which carried US 66).^[27]

SR 18: former extension of US 91 through Santa Ana Canyon to Long Beach

US 91 was extended southwest to Long Beach in the late 1940s.^[28] Beginning at Barstow, the extension overlapped US 66 over Cajon Pass to San Bernardino. From San Bernardino west through Riverside and Santa Ana Canyon to Olive, the state took over a mostly paved county highway^[21][29] in 1931 as part of an extension of Route 43 to Newport Beach via Santa Ana.^[30] Two branches leading west from Route 43 near Olive along mostly constructed county roads were added in 1933: Route 175 along Orangethorpe Avenue and Artesia Boulevard from near the mouth of the canyon west to Route 60 (now SR 1) in Hermosa Beach (unconstructed through Compton until the mid-1950s^[31][32][33]), and Route 178 along Lincoln Avenue and Carson Street from Olive west to Route 168 (now SR 19) in Lakewood.^[34][35] When state routes were marked in 1934, Route 175 became Sign Route 14, and Sign Route 18 included all of Route 178 and most of Route 43 into the San Bernardino Mountains.^[36][37] When US 91 was extended to Long Beach, it overlapped SR 18 from San Bernardino to Lakewood, where it turned south along SR 19 to the Los Alamitos Traffic Circle. There it turned west along US 101 Alternate to near downtown Long Beach, where it ended at SR 15 (Atlantic Avenue), at a terminus shared with US 6. (This routing along SR 19 and US 101 Alt. also became an extension of SR 18.)^[32][38]

In 1935, the state improved the alignment between Fairmont Boulevard and Gypsum Canyon Road, including a bypass of the old road, which curved along the south slope of the canyon, east of Weir Canyon Road.^[39] In the late 1930s, the Prado Dam project resulted in the bypassing of a longer section, replacing Prado Road, an abandoned road curving to the east end of the dam, Pomona Rincon Road, Auto Center Drive, Pomona Road, and Yorba Street with the present Green River Road, Palisades Drive, part of SR 91, and 6th Street.^[40][41]

SR 14: present SR 91 to Hermosa Beach

Before the present freeway was constructed, SR 14 ran along Gould Avenue, Redondo Beach Boulevard, Compton Boulevard, Alameda Street, Artesia Avenue, La Habra Boulevard, Firestone Boulevard and Orangethorpe Avenue.^[42] In the 1964 renumbering, SR 14 was renumbered to SR 91.

Prior to 1991, the Gardena Freeway was known as the Redondo Beach Freeway, referring to Caltrans's original intention for the freeway portion of the route to continue all the way to the never-built Pacific Coast Freeway.

Before 1997, Caltrans controlled maintenance of SR 91 up to State Route 1 in Hermosa Beach. The portion between Vermont Avenue and Western Avenue was relinquished to Gardena in 1997. In 2003, the western portion, from SR 1 to Western Avenue, was relinquished to the cities that the road goes through.

The first segment of the freeway was built in 1965 as US 91, and the last segment was built in 1975. Despite the relinquishments, however, Artesia Boulevard between I-110 and SR 1 is still signed off as SR 91.

Construction of the 91 Express Lanes

Due to rapid population growth and the decline in the availability of affordable housing closer to job centers in Orange County, new residential development began in earnest in western Riverside County from the 1980s through today. This development is occurring in or around existing cities such as Riverside, Corona, Moreno Valley, Lake Elsinore, Murrieta, and Temecula. This development also led to the incorporation of the cities of Wildomar, Menifee, Eastvale, and Jurupa Valley.

As there are very few direct routes between Orange and Riverside counties because of the Santa Ana Mountains that separate them, the Riverside Freeway is subject to high traffic volumes, composed primarily of commuters traveling between their jobs in Orange County and their homes in Riverside County (often referred to by traffic reporters as "The Corona Crawl").^[43] Typical peak period delays were 30–40 minutes in each direction in the ten miles (16 km) of the tollway before construction.^[44]

 

Westbound Artesia Freeway (SR 91) at the interchange with the Long Beach Freeway (I-710) in August 2013

Solutions to the traffic problem were limited. The chosen solution was to create a toll road in the median of the freeway. This original section of the 91 Express Lanes operated between the Costa Mesa Freeway (SR 55) interchange in eastern Anaheim and the Orange–Riverside county line, a distance of about 10 miles (16 km). The project was developed in partnership with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) by California Private Transportation Company (CPTC), which formally transferred ownership of the facility to the State of California prior to opening the project to traffic on December 27, 1995. Caltrans then leased the toll road back to CPTC for a 35-year operating period. The new lanes have been officially designated a part of the state highway system.^[45] The California Highway Patrol (CHP) is responsible for providing police services at CPTC's expense. Maintenance and operational costs for the facility are also the responsibility of CPTC.

In April 2002, the Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) reached an agreement in concept to purchase the private toll road project for $207.5 million. The OCTA took possession of the toll road on January 3, 2003, marking the first time the 91 Express Lanes was managed by public officials. Within a few months, OCTA turned the lanes into the HOT / tollway hybrid that it is today.^[46] One of the primary investors in CPTC, Cofiroute USA, continues to manage and operate the lanes under a management contract with OCTA.^[47]

Opening in 1995, the 91 Express Lanes was the first privately funded tollway built in the United States since the 1940s, and the first fully automated tollway in the world.

The express lanes have been controversial because of a non-compete agreement that the state made with CPTC. The clause, which was negotiated by Caltrans and never was brought to the legislature, prevented any improvements along 30 miles (48 km) of the Riverside Freeway to ensure profit for the express lanes. This includes restricting the state from widening the free lanes or building mass transit near the freeway. CPTC filed a lawsuit against Caltrans over freeway widening related to the interchange with the Eastern Transportation Corridor, which was dismissed once the purchase with OCTA was finalized.^[48] Following the settlement, an additional lane was added for a 5-mile (8.0 km) segment eastbound from SR 241 to SR 71.

However, as a result of the controversy, more toll road advocates favor creating local agencies similar to transportation corridor agencies to build and maintain future tollways. New toll roads would be financed with tax-exempt bonds on a stand-alone basis, meaning that taxpayers would not be responsible for repaying any debt if toll revenues fall short. Also, there would be a less restrictive non-compete clause: they would be compensated only for any revenue loss caused by improvements near the toll roads.^[49]

In the mid-2010s, the Riverside County Transportation Commission extended the 91 Express Lanes east from their previous terminus at the Orange–Riverside county line to the I-15 interchange in Corona; this extension opened to traffic on March 20, 2017.^[50] Both Orange and Riverside County transportation agencies co-manage the 91 Express Lanes.^[51][52]

Future

In 2005, evaluations were made about the feasibility of constructing two tunnels through the Santa Ana Mountains which could carry 72,000 cars per day and allow for a commuter rail service between Corona and Irvine. The financial and technical evaluations found that in the current financial environment, building the tunnels would not be financially or technologically feasible. Additional study of the Irvine Corona Expressway tunnel project has been deferred until such time as financial considerations improve and/or technological advancements warrant reexamination.^[53] If built, the Irvine-Corona Expressway would follow a similar route to the 91 Freeway and is designed to reduce the growing traffic congestion on SR 91 that prompted the construction of the 91 Express Lanes. If completed, the Irvine-Corona Expressway is projected to be the longest traffic tunnel in North America, approximately 11.5 miles (18.5 km). One tunnel would be a reversible two-lane freeway for autos and trucks, the direction reversed based on time of day. It would carry westbound traffic in the morning hours, and eastbound traffic during the afternoon and early evening hours. The second tunnel would be slated exclusively for light rail commuter train service. The proposed tunnels are opposed by environmental groups, cities in Orange County near the terminus of the proposed road, and by the Irvine Company, which believes that the tunnel is not necessary and distracts from short-term solutions such as freeway widening.^[54]

Numerous other projects by the Orange County Transportation Authority are currently underway or in the planning phases for distant completion, some as far out as the year 2030.^[55]

Exit list

Except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964, based on the alignment that existed at the time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. R reflects a realignment in the route since then, M indicates a second realignment, L refers to an overlap due to a correction or change, and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary (for a full list of prefixes, see California postmile § Official postmile definitions).^[1] Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted. The numbers reset at county lines; the start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column.

County	Location	Postmile ^[1]^[56]^[57]^[58]	Exit ^[59]	Destinations	Notes
Los Angeles LA 0.00-R20.74	Hermosa Beach–Redondo Beach line	0.00^[a]		Gould Avenue	Continuation beyond SR 1
				SR 1 (Pacific Coast Highway, Sepulveda Boulevard)
	Lawndale–Redondo Beach line	^[a]		Redondo Beach Boulevard to I-405 north / Hawthorne Boulevard north
	Redondo Beach–Torrance line	2.47^[a]		SR 107 (Hawthorne Boulevard)	No left turn eastbound
	Torrance	3.07^[a]		I-405 (San Diego Freeway) – Long Beach, Santa Monica	Interchange; former SR 7 south; I-405 exit 40
	Gardena–Los Angeles line	6.01		Vermont Avenue	West end of state maintenance; west end of Gardena Freeway^[60]
	Los Angeles	R6.34	6	I-110 (Harbor Freeway) to I-405 – San Pedro, Los Angeles	No exit number eastbound; I-110 exit 10A-B northbound
	Carson	R6.90	7A	Main Street	No westbound entrance
		R7.43	7B	Avalon Boulevard
	Carson–Compton line	R8.44	8	Central Avenue
	Compton	R9.16	9	Wilmington Avenue
		R9.80	10A	Acacia Avenue	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
		R10.27– R10.41	10	Santa Fe Avenue, Alameda Street (SR 47 south)	Signed as exits 10B (Alameda Street) and 10C (Santa Fe Avenue) westbound; no westbound entrance
	Long Beach	R11.10	11	Long Beach Boulevard
		R11.68	12A	I-710 (Long Beach Freeway) – Long Beach, Pasadena	Signed as exits 12A (south) and 12B (north) eastbound; I-710 exit 8; east end of Gardena Freeway; west end of Artesia Freeway^[60]
		R12.09	12B	Atlantic Avenue	Signed as exit 12C eastbound; former SR 15
		R13.09	13	Cherry Avenue
		R13.59	14A	Paramount Boulevard
	Long Beach–Bellflower line	R14.10	14B	Downey Avenue
	Bellflower	R14.62	15A	SR 19 (Lakewood Boulevard)	Signed as exit 15 eastbound
		R15.11	15B	Clark Avenue	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
		R15.61	16	Bellflower Boulevard	Former Legislative Route 169
	Cerritos	R16.94	17	I-605 (San Gabriel River Freeway)	Signed as exit 17B westbound; I-605 exit 7A
		R17.09	17A	Studebaker Road	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
	Artesia	R18.09	18	Pioneer Boulevard	Former SR 35
	Cerritos	R18.65	19A	Norwalk Boulevard
		R19.17– R19.43	19B	Bloomfield Avenue, Artesia Boulevard	No eastbound entrance; Artesia Boulevard not signed eastbound
		R19.81	19C	Shoemaker Avenue	Eastbound exit and eastbound entrance, both via Park Plaza Drive
		R20.16	—	183rd Street	Westbound entrance only
		R20.45	20	Carmenita Road	Exits only; eastbound entrance is via Orangethrope Avenue; westbound entrance is via 183rd Street
Orange ORA R0.00-R18.91	La Palma–Buena Park line	R0.49– R0.85	21	Orangethorpe Avenue, Valley View Street	Signed as exit 22 westbound
	Buena Park	R1.84	23A	Knott Avenue
		R2.62	23B	SR 39 (Beach Boulevard)
	Buena Park–Fullerton line	R3.64	24	I-5 south (Santa Ana Freeway) – Santa Ana	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; I-5 exit 114B
		​	♦	I-5 south	HOV access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
	Fullerton	​	East end of Artesia Freeway; west end of Riverside Freeway^[60]
		R3.73	23C	Magnolia Avenue, Orangethorpe Avenue	Eastbound exit is part of exit 24; Orangethorpe Avenue not signed eastbound; provides access to I-5 southbound from the westbound 91 and to I-5 northbound from the eastbound 91
	Anaheim–Fullerton line	​	♦	I-5 north	HOV access only; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
		R3.85	24	I-5 north (Santa Ana Freeway) – Los Angeles	Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; I-5 exit 113C
		1.23	26	Brookhurst Street
		2.23	27	Euclid Street
		3.26– 3.51	28	Harbor Boulevard, Lemon Street, Anaheim Boulevard	Harbor Boulevard was former SR 72
	Anaheim	4.26	29	East Street, Raymond Avenue
		5.26	30	State College Boulevard	Signed as exit 30A eastbound; former SR 250
		​	♦	SR 57 north	HOV access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
		6.12	31	SR 57 (Orange Freeway) – Santa Ana, Pomona	Signed as exit 30B eastbound; SR 57 exit 5
		7.36	32	Kraemer Boulevard, Glassell Street	Signed as exit 31 eastbound
		8.40	33	Tustin Avenue
		​	—	91 Express Lanes	West end of 91 Express Lanes
		R9.19	34	SR 55 south (Costa Mesa Freeway) – Newport Beach	Left exit westbound; SR 55 exits 18A-B northbound
		​	—	SR 55 south	Express Lanes access only; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
		R10.09	35	Lakeview Avenue
		R11.54	36	SR 90 west (Imperial Highway)
	Anaheim–Yorba Linda line	R14.43	39	Weir Canyon Road, Yorba Linda Boulevard
		R15.93	40	SR 241 Toll south (Eastern Toll Road) – Irvine	Signed as exit 41B westbound; SR 241 exit 39A-B northbound
		R16.40	41	Gypsum Canyon Road	Signed as exit 41A westbound
		R17.95	42	Coal Canyon Road	Closed in 2003 for environmental reasons^[61]
Riverside RIV R0.00-21.66	Corona	R1.03	44	Green River Road
		R2.09	45	SR 71 north (Chino Valley Freeway) – Ontario, Pomona
		R3.71	47	Serfas Club Drive, Auto Center Drive
		4.16	48	Maple Street, West Sixth Street	Former US 91 / SR 71 south
		5.38	49	Lincoln Avenue	Formerly exit 49A eastbound
		6.02	49B	Grand Boulevard	Closed in 2015 due to freeway widening^[62]
		6.34	50	Main Street	Former SR 31
		7.45	—	I-15 Express Lanes	Express Lanes access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance; exit to I-15 south express lanes opened in 2017^[50] and exit to I-15 north express lanes opened in 2023^[63]
			—	91 Express Lanes	East end of 91 Express Lanes; opened in 2017^[50]
			51	I-15 (Ontario Freeway) – Barstow, Ontario, San Diego	I-15 exit 96 northbound, 96A-B southbound
		9.18	53	McKinley Street	Signed as exits 53A (south) and 53B (north) westbound
	Riverside	10.81	54	Pierce Street, Riverwalk Parkway	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
		11.10	55A	Magnolia Avenue	Former US 91
		11.99	55B	La Sierra Avenue
		13.04	56	Tyler Street
		14.08	58	Van Buren Boulevard
		15.63	59	Adams Street, Auto Center Drive
		16.65	60	Madison Street
		17.82	61	Arlington Avenue
		18.41	62	Central Avenue, Riverside Plaza Avenue
		20.00	63	14th Street
		20.45– 20.53	64	University Avenue, Mission Inn Avenue – Downtown Riverside	Former US 60 / US 395
		21.47	65A	Spruce Street	Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; westbound exit and entrance via Poplar Street, and eastbound exit and entrance via La Cadena Drive, demolished in 2005 due to reconstruction
		21.66	65B-C	I-215 / SR 60 – San Diego, Indio, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Barstow	Eastern terminus; signed as exit 65B (I-215 south / SR 60 east) and exit 65C (SR 60 west); I-215 was former I-15E / US 91 north / US 395; SR 60 exit 53A; I-215 exit 34B; Riverside Freeway continues as I-215 north
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Closed/former       Electronic toll collection       HOV only       Incomplete access       Route transition

1. Postmiles are measured from SR 91's original western end at SR 1, before that segment east to Vermont Avenue was deleted and relinquished to local control.

See also

•   California Roads portal

References

1. California Department of Transportation. "State Truck Route List". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (XLS file) on June 30, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
2. California Department of Transportation (August 2019). "Officially Designated State Scenic Highways and Historic Parkways" (XLSX). Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
3. "Article 3 of Chapter 2 of Division 1 of the California Streets and Highways Code". California Office of Legislative Counsel. February 9, 2019.
4. "Article 2 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets and Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
5. Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: Los Angeles, CA (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
   Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: Riverside–San Bernardino, CA (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
6. Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
7. California Department of Transportation (August 2019). "Officially Designated State Scenic Highways and Historic Parkways" (XLSX). Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
8. "Article 2.5 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets & Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
9. Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee (1985). (PDF). Vol. 1, part 1. Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee. pp. 113–6. ISBN 978-0-9614512-0-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 2, 2010. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
10. . 91 Express Lanes. Archived from the original on August 28, 2018.
11. "Frequently Asked Questions". 91 Express Lanes. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
12. "Toll Schedules". 91 Express Lanes. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
13. 91 Express Lanes (July 14, 2003). . 91 Express Lanes (Orange County Transportation Authority). Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
14. Samuel, Peter (February 22, 2006). . TollRoadNews. Archived from the original on May 22, 2008.
15. Automobile Blue Book (1917). Automobile Blue Book. Vol. 8. Chicago: Automobile Blue Book. p. 501 – via Google Books.
16. Clason Map Company (1925). (Map). Clawson Map Company. Archived from the original on September 16, 2020.
17. "Auto Club News". Van Nuys News. December 21, 1923. p. 11
18. "Brice Canyon, Zion Canyon National Park, Utah". Los Angeles Times. December 26, 1920. p. VIII1.
19. Nystrom, Eric Charles (March 2003). . National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 17, 2009.
20. "State Takes Over Cut-off to Nevada Line". Los Angeles Times. October 25, 1925. p. G12.
21. California Highway Advisory Committee & Breed, Arthur Hastings (1925). Report of a Study of the State Highway System of California. California State Printing Office. p. 97.
22. California State Assembly. "An act authorizing and directing the California highway commission to acquire necessary rights of way, and to construct and maintain a highway, which is hereby declared to be a state highway, extending from Barstow...to a point...on the boundary line between the state of California and the state of Nevada...which said highway is commonly known and referred to as the Arrowhead trail". Forty-sixth Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 369 p. 670.
23. Joint Board on Interstate Highways (1925). "Appendix VI: Descriptions of the Interstate Routes Selected, with Numbers Assigned". Report of Joint Board on Interstate Highways, October 30, 1925, Approved by the Secretary of Agriculture, November 18, 1925 (Report). Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture. p. 56. OCLC 733875457, 55123355, 71026428. Retrieved November 14, 2017 – via Wikisource.
24. Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved November 7, 2013 – via Wikimedia Commons.
25. "United States Numbered Highways". American Highways. April 1927.
26. "Silver Lake Cut-off to Get Federal Aid". Los Angeles Times. February 14, 1926. p. G5.
27. United States Geological Survey (1934). Barstow (Map). 1:125000. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. United States Geological Survey (1933). Avawatz Mountains (Map). 1:250000. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey.^{[permanent dead link]} United States Geological Survey (1942). Ivanpah (Map). 1:250000. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey.
28. Rand McNally (1946). Road Atlas (Map). Chicago: Rand McNally.
29. Blow, Ben (1920). California Highways: A Descriptive Record of Road Development by the State and by Such Counties as Have Paved Highways. pp. 194–195, 200 – via Archive.org.
30. California State Assembly. "An act establishing certain additional state highways and classifying them as secondary highways". Forty-ninth Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 82 p. 102. "State Highway Route 43, Waterman canyon via Santa Ana canyon to Newport Beach."
31. H.M. Gousha Company (1941). (Map). H.M. Gousha Company. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
32. H.M. Gousha Company (1955). (Map). H.M. Gousha Company. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
33. National Bridge Inventory database, 2006: the bridge over Compton Creek and Alameda Street is dated 1956.^{[full citation needed]}
34. California State Assembly. "An act to amend sections 2, 3 and 5 and to add two sections to be numbered 6 and 7 to an act entitled 'An act to provide for the acquisition of rights of way for and the construction, maintenance..." Fiftieth Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 767 p. 2040. "State Highway Route 60 near Hermosa Beach to State Highway Route 43 in Santa Ana Canyon via Artesia Avenue." "Cerritos Avenue to State Highway Route 43 near Olive via Anaheim."
35. California State Assembly. "An act to establish a Streets and Highways Code, thereby consolidating and revising the law relating to public ways and all appurtenances thereto, and to repeal certain acts and parts of acts specified herein". Fifty-first Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 29 p. 277, 278, 286. "Route 31 is from: (a) San Bernardino to the Nevada State line near Calada, via Barstow. (b) Route 26 near Colton to Route 9 near San Bernardino via Mt. Vernon Avenue." "Route 43 is from Newport Beach to Route 31 at Victorville, via Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino, Waterman Canyon, "Crest Drive" into Bear Valley, Big Bear Lake and Baldwin Lake. Route 43 includes a highway around Big Bear Lake." "Route 175 is from Route 60 near Hermosa Beach to Route 43 in Santa Ana Canyon via Artesia Avenue." "Route 178 is from Cerritos Avenue to Route 43 near Olive via Anaheim."
36. Rand McNally & Company (1933). (Map). Chicago: Rand McNally & Company. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011.
37. H.M. Gousha Company (1935). Los Angeles and Vicinity (Map). h.M. Gousha Company.
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39. "Old Canyon Road Now Being Improved". Los Angeles Times. April 21, 1935. p. E4.
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41. United States Geological Survey (1933). (Map). 1:31680. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. "routes usually traveled" as of 1941
42. Map of Los Angeles and Vicinity (Map). 1939.^{[full citation needed]}
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44. (PDF). May 1998. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2006.^{[full citation needed]}
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48. Price, Willard T. (April 2001). "An Odyssey of Privatizing Highways: The Evolving Case of SR 91". Public Works Management & Policy. 5 (4): 259. doi:10.1177/1087724X0154001. S2CID 154129775.
49. K. R. Persad; C. M. Walton; J. Wilke (October 2005). "Alternatives to Non-Compete Clauses in Toll Development Agreements" (PDF). Center for Transportation Research.
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51. "91 Toll Lanes Could Be Extended to Corona". Orange Country Register. August 21, 2013. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
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60. California Department of Transportation (2014). "Named Freeways, Highways, Structures and Other Appurtenances in California" (PDF). California Department of Transportation. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
61. Wilson, Janet (April 19, 2004). "Wildlife Highway Under Busy 91 Freeway Links Vital Habitats". Los Angeles Times. p. B1.
62. "Lincoln Avenue to Grand Boulevard".
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External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to California State Route 91.

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• Caltrans: State Route 91 highway conditions
• Caltrans Traffic Conditions Map
• California Highway Patrol Traffic Incidents
• 91 Express Lanes official website
• California @ AARoads - California 91
• California Highways: SR 91
• California Highway 91 @ Asphaltplanet.ca

U.S. Route 91
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