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Cafer Höyük

December 30, 2022

Cafer Hoyuk or Cafer Höyük is an archaeological site located around 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Malatya, Turkey in the Euphrates valley. It was inhabited over ten thousand years ago during the Neolithic revolution.[1][2][3]

Cafer Höyük
Shown within Turkey
Alternative nameCafer Hoyuk
Coordinates38°25′00″N 38°45′00″E / 38.4166°N 38.75°E / 38.4166; 38.75
TypeTell
History
Founded8920 - 7110 BCE
CulturesPaleolithic, PPNB, Neolithic, Bronze Age, Medieval
Site notes
Excavation dates1979-1986
ArchaeologistsJacques Cauvin
Public accessyes

Construction of the Karakaya Dam has flooded the northeast of the tell mound. Rescue excavations were carried out by the French National Scientific Research Centre (CNRS) under Jacques Cauvin between 1979 and 1986. Finds at the site were dated to the Paleolithic, Pre-Pottery Neolithic, Pottery Neolithic, Early Bronze Age along with a few Medieval finds. Building techniques at the site were seen to be similar to those used at Cayonu with a rectangular mud-brick structures with three rooms called by Cauvin the "cell-plan" phase. Engravings of the shoulders of bulls on the walls of a house were indicative of animalism similar to that found at Çatalhöyük. The first evidence of domesticated cereals appears shortly before this stage. Livestock farming was not evidenced at this level but developed later in the PPNB.[1] Features of the tell mound have been suggested to indicate male and female fertility features. Votive figurines were also found during excavations that were suggested to be male Gods.[2]

The "old period" of the settlement shows a predominant use of flint for tools but in the "middle period" obsidian becomes increasingly prevalent. The "new period" evidences use of around 90% obsidian. Skeletons were also unearthed including those of two children. A skeleton of a pet dog was found evidencing hunting of rabbits along with larger animals in the first stage such as wild boar, roe deer, foxes and other prey. Sheep and goats are both hunted and a very small number of bear and panther bones were also discovered. Findings indicated that larger prey was hunted in later stages.[2]

Wild emmer and einkorn wheat were found in the first layers of excavation. Wheat, barley, lentils and peas were found cultivated along with wild varieties in later levels. Silos for storing grain were also found at these levels.[4] The first layers of the excavations showed evidence of wild emmer and einkorn wheat. It was shown from the findings that these two cereals were taken into cultivation first, followed by the lentils, peas and vetch and afterwards barley.[2] This evidence led Willem van Zeist to suggest that domesticated crops did not enter the area around the Taurus mountains and Northern Syria until the middle of the PPNB.[1]

Cauvin drew detailed designs of the various settlement construction phases and dated the "old period" to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B with c14 dates of around 8450-7180 BCE.[2] More recent calibrations have pushed the dating of the earliest levels back as far as 8920 BCE.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Jacques Cauvin (27 July 2000). The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture. Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–. ISBN 978-0-521-65135-6. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e Türkiye Arkeolojik Yerleşmeleri - TAY Projesi - Cafer Hoyuk
  3. ^ D. Helmer., Révision de la faune de Cafer Höyük (Malatya, Turquie) : apports des méthodes de l'analyse des mélanges et de l'analyse de Kernel à la mise en évidence de la domestication, in E. Vila, L. Gourichon, A. M. Choyke and H. Buitenhuis (dir.), Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII, tome I, Lyon, 2008.
  4. ^ Pam J. Crabtree; Douglas V. Campana; Kathleen Ryan (1989). Early Animal Domestication and Its Cultural Context. UPenn Museum of Archaeology. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-0-924171-96-3. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  5. ^ Thissen, L., CANeW 14C databases and 14C charts, Anatolia, 10000 - 5000 cal BC, Gérard and Thissen (eds.) 2002, The Neolithic of Central Anatolia. Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th - 6th Millennia cal BC. Proceedings of the CANeW Table Ronde, Istanbul 23–24 November 2001, Istanbul, Ege Publishing Co., Istanbul, 299-337

Further reading

  • Jacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche, Cafer Hoyük et le Néolithique en Anatolia, in Dossiers Histoire et Archéologie 122, 1987, p. 24-25.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., Recherches récentes sur la néolithisation de l'Anatolie. les fouilles de Cafer Hôyuk (Malatya) Turcica (Travaux et Recherches en Turquie, I) 71–7., 1982.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., Cafer Hoyuk Kazisi 982 yili raporu (en Turc). V Kazi Sonuçlan Toplantisi (Istanbul 23-27 Mayis 1983) 65–66., 1984.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., Le Néolithique de Cafer Hoyuk (Turquie), bilan provisoire après quatre campagnes ( 1979-1983). Cahiers de l'Euphrate 4 123–135. 5 fig. Pans Éd. du CNRS., 1985.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., Cafer Hôyiik 986. Anatolian Studies 37 1 82- 1 82., 1987.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., Les fouilles du village néolithique de Cafer Hôyiik. gue d'Exposition « Anatolie Antique ». Varia Anatolica IV/1 10–13., 1989.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., La stratigraphie de Cafer Hôyuk-Est (Turquie) et les origines du PPNB du Taurus. In Aurenche O., Cauvin M.-C. et Sanlanville P. (éd.), Préhistoire du Levant H, Colloque, CNRS, Lyon, mai 1988. Paléorient 15,1 75–86., 1989.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with O. Aurenche., Cafer Hóyiik (Malatya) 1979. lian Studies 30 207–209., 1980.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with O. Aurenche., Premiers sondages sur le siteque de Cafer Hoyiik. In // Kasi Sonuçlan Toplantisi (Ankara février 1980) 175–180., 1980.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with O. Aurenche., Cafer Hoyuk 1980. Anatolian Studies, 31 184–185., 1981.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with O. Aurenche., Cafer Hoyiik 1 980. In Kasiçlan Toplantisi (Ankara) 1, 19-120., 1981.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with O. Aurenche., Le Néolithique de Cafer Hoyuk tya, Turquie. Fouilles 1979–1980. Cahiers de l'Euphrate 3 123–138, 12 fig. Paris Éd. du CNRS., 1982.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with O. Aurenche., Cafer Hôyiik 1983. Anatolian Studies 34, 209–210., 1984.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with O. Aurenche., La campagne de fouilles 1984 à Cafer Hoyiik. VII Kasi Sonuçlan Toplantisi 17–21. 1985
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with O. Aurenche, Cafer Hoyuk 1984. Anatolian Studies 35, 183–186., 1985.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with M.-J. Chavanne., et T. Oziol., Le cimetière médiéval de Cafer Hôyiik (Malatya. Turquie). Cahiers de l'Euphrate 4 135–173. 14 fie., 1985.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with O. Aurenche., Cafer Hoyuk 1985. Anatolian Studies 36, 182–184., 1986.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with O. Aurenche., Cafer Hoyiik les fouilles de 1985. VIII Kasi Sonuçlan Toplantisi 39–49., 1986.
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with O. Aurenche Cafer Hoyiik et le Néolithique en Anatolie. Dossiers Histoire et Archéologie 122 24–25., 1987a
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with M.-C. Cauvin, P. Anderson-Geraud et D. Helvier., Les travaux de 1986-1988 sur le site néolithique pré-céramique de Cafer Hoyiik. Anatolia Antiqua, EskiAnadolu, (1FEA Istanbul XXXII): 4-10. Paris: Maisonneuve., 1991a
  • Cauvin, Jacques., with M. Molust., Les niveaux inférieurs de Cafer Hoyiik. Stratigraphie et architectures. Fouilles 84–86. Cahiers de l'Euphrate 5-6 85-1 14. Paris ERC., 1991.
  • Cauvin, Jacques. with O. Aurenche, M.-C. Cauvin et N. Balkan-Atli., The Pre-pottery Site of Cafer Hoyiik. In Ôzdoan M. and Basgelen N. (eds). Neolithic in Turkey 87-103 et pi. h. t.., 59-11 Istanbul Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayinlazi., 1999.

External links

  • France Diplomatie - Turkey - Cafer Höyük - The use of obsidian and the Neolithisation of Anatolia
  • Cafer Hoyuk on the University of Cologne's Radiocarbon Context Database

December 30, 2022
cafer, höyük, cafer, hoyuk, archaeological, site, located, around, kilometres, northeast, malatya, turkey, euphrates, valley, inhabited, over, thousand, years, during, neolithic, revolution, shown, within, turkeyalternative, namecafer, hoyukcoordinates38, 4166. Cafer Hoyuk or Cafer Hoyuk is an archaeological site located around 40 kilometres 25 mi northeast of Malatya Turkey in the Euphrates valley It was inhabited over ten thousand years ago during the Neolithic revolution 1 2 3 Cafer HoyukShown within TurkeyAlternative nameCafer HoyukCoordinates38 25 00 N 38 45 00 E 38 4166 N 38 75 E 38 4166 38 75TypeTellHistoryFounded8920 7110 BCECulturesPaleolithic PPNB Neolithic Bronze Age MedievalSite notesExcavation dates1979 1986ArchaeologistsJacques CauvinPublic accessyesConstruction of the Karakaya Dam has flooded the northeast of the tell mound Rescue excavations were carried out by the French National Scientific Research Centre CNRS under Jacques Cauvin between 1979 and 1986 Finds at the site were dated to the Paleolithic Pre Pottery Neolithic Pottery Neolithic Early Bronze Age along with a few Medieval finds Building techniques at the site were seen to be similar to those used at Cayonu with a rectangular mud brick structures with three rooms called by Cauvin the cell plan phase Engravings of the shoulders of bulls on the walls of a house were indicative of animalism similar to that found at Catalhoyuk The first evidence of domesticated cereals appears shortly before this stage Livestock farming was not evidenced at this level but developed later in the PPNB 1 Features of the tell mound have been suggested to indicate male and female fertility features Votive figurines were also found during excavations that were suggested to be male Gods 2 The old period of the settlement shows a predominant use of flint for tools but in the middle period obsidian becomes increasingly prevalent The new period evidences use of around 90 obsidian Skeletons were also unearthed including those of two children A skeleton of a pet dog was found evidencing hunting of rabbits along with larger animals in the first stage such as wild boar roe deer foxes and other prey Sheep and goats are both hunted and a very small number of bear and panther bones were also discovered Findings indicated that larger prey was hunted in later stages 2 Wild emmer and einkorn wheat were found in the first layers of excavation Wheat barley lentils and peas were found cultivated along with wild varieties in later levels Silos for storing grain were also found at these levels 4 The first layers of the excavations showed evidence of wild emmer and einkorn wheat It was shown from the findings that these two cereals were taken into cultivation first followed by the lentils peas and vetch and afterwards barley 2 This evidence led Willem van Zeist to suggest that domesticated crops did not enter the area around the Taurus mountains and Northern Syria until the middle of the PPNB 1 Cauvin drew detailed designs of the various settlement construction phases and dated the old period to the Pre Pottery Neolithic B with c14 dates of around 8450 7180 BCE 2 More recent calibrations have pushed the dating of the earliest levels back as far as 8920 BCE 5 Contents 1 See also 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksSee also Edit Turkey portal History portal Asia portalCities of the ancient Near EastReferences Edit a b c Jacques Cauvin 27 July 2000 The Birth of the Gods and the Origins of Agriculture Cambridge University Press pp 82 ISBN 978 0 521 65135 6 Retrieved 13 September 2012 a b c d e Turkiye Arkeolojik Yerlesmeleri TAY Projesi Cafer Hoyuk D Helmer Revision de la faune de Cafer Hoyuk Malatya Turquie apports des methodes de l analyse des melanges et de l analyse de Kernel a la mise en evidence de la domestication in E Vila L Gourichon A M Choyke and H Buitenhuis dir Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII tome I Lyon 2008 Pam J Crabtree Douglas V Campana Kathleen Ryan 1989 Early Animal Domestication and Its Cultural Context UPenn Museum of Archaeology pp 88 ISBN 978 0 924171 96 3 Retrieved 13 September 2012 Thissen L CANeW 14C databases and 14C charts Anatolia 10000 5000 cal BC Gerard and Thissen eds 2002 The Neolithic of Central Anatolia Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th 6th Millennia cal BC Proceedings of the CANeW Table Ronde Istanbul 23 24 November 2001 Istanbul Ege Publishing Co Istanbul 299 337Further reading EditJacques Cauvin and Oliver Aurenche Cafer Hoyuk et le Neolithique en Anatolia in Dossiers Histoire et Archeologie 122 1987 p 24 25 Cauvin Jacques Recherches recentes sur la neolithisation de l Anatolie les fouilles de Cafer Hoyuk Malatya Turcica Travaux et Recherches en Turquie I 71 7 1982 Cauvin Jacques Cafer Hoyuk Kazisi 982 yili raporu en Turc V Kazi Sonuclan Toplantisi Istanbul 23 27 Mayis 1983 65 66 1984 Cauvin Jacques Le Neolithique de Cafer Hoyuk Turquie bilan provisoire apres quatre campagnes 1979 1983 Cahiers de l Euphrate 4 123 135 5 fig Pans Ed du CNRS 1985 Cauvin Jacques Cafer Hoyiik 986 Anatolian Studies 37 1 82 1 82 1987 Cauvin Jacques Les fouilles du village neolithique de Cafer Hoyiik gue d Exposition Anatolie Antique Varia Anatolica IV 1 10 13 1989 Cauvin Jacques La stratigraphie de Cafer Hoyuk Est Turquie et les origines du PPNB du Taurus In Aurenche O Cauvin M C et Sanlanville P ed Prehistoire du Levant H Colloque CNRS Lyon mai 1988 Paleorient 15 1 75 86 1989 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche Cafer Hoyiik Malatya 1979 lian Studies 30 207 209 1980 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche Premiers sondages sur le siteque de Cafer Hoyiik In Kasi Sonuclan Toplantisi Ankara fevrier 1980 175 180 1980 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche Cafer Hoyuk 1980 Anatolian Studies 31 184 185 1981 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche Cafer Hoyiik 1 980 In Kasiclan Toplantisi Ankara 1 19 120 1981 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche Le Neolithique de Cafer Hoyuk tya Turquie Fouilles 1979 1980 Cahiers de l Euphrate 3 123 138 12 fig Paris Ed du CNRS 1982 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche Cafer Hoyiik 1983 Anatolian Studies 34 209 210 1984 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche La campagne de fouilles 1984 a Cafer Hoyiik VII Kasi Sonuclan Toplantisi 17 21 1985 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche Cafer Hoyuk 1984 Anatolian Studies 35 183 186 1985 Cauvin Jacques with M J Chavanne et T Oziol Le cimetiere medieval de Cafer Hoyiik Malatya Turquie Cahiers de l Euphrate 4 135 173 14 fie 1985 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche Cafer Hoyuk 1985 Anatolian Studies 36 182 184 1986 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche Cafer Hoyiik les fouilles de 1985 VIII Kasi Sonuclan Toplantisi 39 49 1986 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche Cafer Hoyiik et le Neolithique en Anatolie Dossiers Histoire et Archeologie 122 24 25 1987a Cauvin Jacques with M C Cauvin P Anderson Geraud et D Helvier Les travaux de 1986 1988 sur le site neolithique pre ceramique de Cafer Hoyiik Anatolia Antiqua EskiAnadolu 1FEA Istanbul XXXII 4 10 Paris Maisonneuve 1991a Cauvin Jacques with M Molust Les niveaux inferieurs de Cafer Hoyiik Stratigraphie et architectures Fouilles 84 86 Cahiers de l Euphrate 5 6 85 1 14 Paris ERC 1991 Cauvin Jacques with O Aurenche M C Cauvin et N Balkan Atli The Pre pottery Site of Cafer Hoyiik In Ozdoan M and Basgelen N eds Neolithic in Turkey 87 103 et pi h t 59 11 Istanbul Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayinlazi 1999 External links EditFrance Diplomatie Turkey Cafer Hoyuk The use of obsidian and the Neolithisation of Anatolia Cafer Hoyuk on the University of Cologne s Radiocarbon Context Database Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cafer Hoyuk amp oldid 1126824946, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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