Cape Coast

Cape Coast is a city, fishing port, and the capital of Cape Coast Metropolitan District and Central Region of Ghana. It is one of the country's most historic cities, a World Heritage Site, home to the Cape Coast Castle, with the Gulf of Guinea situated to its south.^[2] According to the 2010 census, Cape Coast had a settlement population of 169,894 people.^[1] The language of the people of Cape Coast is Fante.^[3]

Cape Coast, Oguaa City of Cape Coast
City
1st top-left image; Arch bridge and Harbour view from Elmina Castle in Cape Coast • 2nd bottom-left image; City hall of Cape Coast • 1st top-right image; Shores of Cape Coast • 2nd bottom-right image; Balcony of Cape Coast Castle.
Cape Coast Metropolitan Assembly logo
Cape Coast Show map of Ghana Cape Coast Show map of Africa
Coordinates: 05°06′N 01°15′W / 5.100°N 1.250°W / 5.100; -1.250
Country	Ghana
Admin. Region	Central Region
District	Cape Coast Metropolitan
Founded	1482
Government
• Member of Parliament for Cape Coast North	Dr. Kwamena Minta Nyarku (NDC)
• Members of Parliament for Cape Coast South	Kweku George Ricketts-Hagan (NDC)
Elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population  (2010)
• Total	169,894^[1]
Demonym	Cape Coaster
Time zone	GMT
Postcode district	CC
Area code	033
Website	http://ccma.gov.gh/

The older traditional names of the city are Oguaa and Kotokuraba (meaning "River of Crabs" or "Village of Crabs").^[4] The Portuguese navigators João de Santarém and Pedro Escobar who sailed past Oguaa in 1471 designated the place Cabo Corso (meaning "short cape"), from which the name Cape Coast derives.^[4] From the 16th century to the country's independence in 1957, the city changed hands between the British, the Portuguese, the Swedish, the Danish and the Dutch. It is home to 32 festivals and celebrations.^[5]

History

Cape Coast was founded by the people of Oguaa and the region ruled over by the paramount chief, or Omanhene, is known today as Oguaa Traditional Area.^[4] Cape Coast is one of the most historical cities in Ghana.^[6] Portuguese colonists built a trading fort in the area. In 1650, the Swedes built a lodge that would later become the better known Cape Coast Castle, which is now a World Heritage Site. Most of the modern town expanded around it. The Dutch took it over in 1650 and expanded it in 1652. It was then captured by the British in 1664.

Trade was an important motivator in the creation of fortresses and settlements on Cape Coast. Traders from various European countries built these trading lodges, forts and castles along the coast of modern Ghana. Unfortunately, the acquisition of gold, slaves, honey, and the many other goods that composed the African leg of the Triangular Trade was increasingly detrimental to the inhabitants of Cape Coast.^{[7][page needed]} In 1874, the British dominated all European presence along the coast of modern-day Ghana using Cape Coast as their base of operations, Gold Coast.

In the 19th century, concerns over Cape Coast's climate prompted discussions about relocating the headquarters to Accra, seen as a healthier alternative. Colonel Henry Ord's report in 1865 highlighted Accra's appeal, but an earthquake in 1862 damaged key government buildings, thwarting plans.^[8] By the 1870s, Cape Coast's climate and sanitation issues persisted, leading to consideration of alternatives such as Ada, Elmina, and Accra. Despite Elmina's drawbacks, Accra's advantages, including its commercial significance and relatively healthy surroundings, outweighed its shortcomings.^[9] Ultimately, in 1875, the decision was made to move the Gold Coast Colony's headquarters to Accra.

With the establishment of formal colonial administration, they relocated to Accra following opposition to the "window tax" in 1877. Accra became their state. Cape Coast Castle was also where most of the slaves were held before their journey on the Middle Passage.

Asafo companies

Main article: Asafo

Oguaa Traditional Area has seven asafo companies – traditional warrior groups, based on lineal descent, whose historical role was defence of the state^[10] (the word deriving from sa, meaning "war", and fo, meaning "people") – with a complex social and political organization based on martial principles,^[11] and elaborate traditions of visual art.^[12][13] The asafo companies feature largely in Cape Coast's annual Fetu Afahye festival held on the first Saturday of September,^[14] and each have historically established uniform colours: Esi Sutherland-Addy identifies these as: No. 1. Bentsir – red; No. 2. Anafo – blue and white; No. 3. Ntsin – green; No. 4. Nkum – yellow; No. 5. Amanful – wine and black; No. 6. Abrofomba (Brofo Nkoa) – white; No. 7. Ankrampa – white and black.^[15]

20th century

The city's St. Francis Cathedral was dedicated in 1928.^[16] The building is the first Catholic Cathedral built in Ghana.^[17] In addition, one of the first Catholic schools in Ghana, St. Augustine College, was established in Cape Coast during 1936.^[18] The cocoa marketing boom of the 1900s that Ghana experienced, the city experienced a certain period of economic prosperity. After the completion of harbours and railways in other parts of the country such as Sekondi and Kumasi, cocoa cultivation and trade in Ghana diversified and Cape Coast lost some importance.^[19] However, after the establishment of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese and the university of the city in 1950 and 1962 respectively, Cape Coast became a regional educational hub for this area of Ghana.^[19]

Transportation

There are Public Transports from Cape Coast to major cities such as Accra; Kumasi, Mim, Ahafo; Sunyani; Tamale; Tema; Ho; Wa; Bolgatanga; Elubo; Aflao, Techiman.

Administration

Cape Coast is the only Metropolitan Assembly in the Central Region. The Assembly is bounded to the south by the Gulf of Guinea, west by the Komenda Edina Eguafo Abrem, East by the Abura Asebu Kwamankese District, and to the north by the Twifu Heman Lower Denkyira District. It also has two Parliamentary constituencies, which are Cape Coast North (Ghana parliament constituency) and Cape Coast South (Ghana parliament constituency). The Assembly has 45 Electoral Areas, with 30 being in Cape Coast South (Ghana parliament constituency) and 15 being in Cape Coast North (Ghana parliament constituency).

Electoral Areas

Name	Gender	Membership Type	Region Name	District Name	Constituency Name	Electoral Name	Term ends
EBOW HALM	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	AKYIM	Dec-23
MENSAH JOHN	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	EKON ETSIFI	Dec-23
GIDEON MPUSU	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	EKON ANAAFO	Dec-23
LAMIDI ALHASSAN	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	TANTRI/AYIKOO AYIKOO	Dec-23
JUSTICE OBENG	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	BROFOYEDUR	Dec-23
JOHN SAM	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	MPEASEM/AMOAKOFOA	Dec-23
PAUL ATO AMOAKO	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	AMANFUL EAST	Dec-23
ABRAHAM WOODE	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	AMANFUL WEST	Dec-23
JOSEPH HAGAN	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	GEGEM	Dec-23
ANTHONY MENSAH-SPIO	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	ENYITSIWDO	Dec-23
STEPHEN DOFFOE FORSON	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	KROO TOWN	Dec-23
SAMUEL KOBNA BIADOO-ACGUAH	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	GYEGYEANO	Dec-23
AUGUSTINE KOJO PENIEL AIDOO	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	NTSIN	Dec-23
GODFRED ABRAHAM	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	CHAPEL SQUARE NICTORIA PARK	Dec-23
SAMUEL DOUGLAS DUNCAN	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST NORTH	TAMESEASE	Dec-23
RICHARD EKOW MOSES	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	LONDON BRIDGE	Dec-23
EDDIE DAWSON	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	TUROM	Dec-23
ALBERT BEDFORD MOSES.	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	BAKAANO	Dec-23
NOEL MIAH	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	ANOKYINEIFAWOHODZI	Dec-23
EKOW FILSON	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	KAWANOPADO	Dec-23
AHMED ABDULAI	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	TSIMTSIMHWE 1KOTOKURABA	Dec-23
BABA ALI SUMAILA	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	KADADWEN	Dec-23
JOEL AMPONSAH-DADZIE	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	ABOOM WELLS	Dec-23
FREDERICK JOHNSON	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	ABOOMIMASTER SAM	Dec-23
ALHASSAN SULEMAN	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	ASIKAFOAMBANTEM /ANTEM	Dec-23
MUNTALA MOHAMMED	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	ADISADEL	Dec-23
HUSSEINI SHAIBU	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	TSIBU DARKO	Dec-23
ISAAC WINFUL	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	BLACK STAR	Dec-23
TSIBU-DARKO PRINCE	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	OLA LOW COST	Dec-23
SAMUEL E. KRAH	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	OLA MAD I NA	Dec-23
FREDERICK JUSTICE THAM MENSAH	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	3RD RIDGE / NKANFOA	Dec-23
ISAAC KOBINA MENSAH	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	PEDU NGUABADO	Dec-23
JAMES ARTHUR	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	PEDU ABAKADZE	Dec-23
WISDOM SUKA	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	ABAKAM/AHENEBOBOI	Dec-23
FRANCIS MENSAH EGYIR	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	UNIVERSITY OLD SITE /APEVVOSIKA	Dec-23
JOHN KILSON MENSAH	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	UNIVERSITY NEW SITE / KWAPROW	Dec-23
MOSES ARTHUR	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	NKWANTADO/ASSIM	Dec-23
ABDUL MALIK ADJEI	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	ETSIFUEYIFUA	Dec-23
USMAN EGYIN ABBAM	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	KAKOMDO	Dec-23
KOBINA ISSAH	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	EBUBONKOIAMISSANO	Dec-23
BENJAMIN MANSO	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	ESSUEKYIR	Dec-23
GEORGE ANAFO	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	ANKAFUL	Dec-23
DAVID OWU	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	MPEASEWBIRIMS0	Dec-23
PAUL NAT AMISSAH	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	KOFORIDUNNY1NASIN	Dec-23
ALHAJI MUSTAPHAABDULLHA	MALE	ELECTED	CENTRAL	Cape Coast Metropolitan	CAPE COAST SOUTH	EFUTU MAMPONG	Dec-23

Geography

Topography

The area is dominated by batholith rock and is generally undulating with steep slopes. There are valleys of various streams between the hills, with Kakum being the largest stream.

The minor streams end in wetlands, the largest of which drains into the Fosu Lagoon at Bakano. In the northern part of the district, however, the landscape is suitable for the cultivation of various crops.^[20]

Climate

Cape Coast has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw/As) with two long wet seasons – a heavier one from March to July and a lighter one from September to November – alongside two short dry seasons in January/February and in August.

Cape Coast is a humid area with mean monthly relative humidity varying between 85% and 99%. The sea breeze has a moderating effect on the local climate.^[20]

Climate data for Cape Coast
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	32 (89)	31 (87)	31 (87)	31 (87)	30 (86)	29 (84)	27 (80)	27 (80)	26 (79)	28 (83)	31 (87)	30 (86)	32 (89)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	24 (75)	24 (76)	24 (76)	25 (77)	24 (76)	24 (75)	23 (73)	22 (71)	21 (70)	23 (73)	24 (76)	23 (74)	23 (73)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	25 (1.0)	25 (1.0)	76 (3.0)	130 (5.0)	230 (9.0)	230 (9.0)	100 (4.0)	25 (1.0)	76 (3.0)	100 (4.0)	130 (5.0)	150 (6.0)	1,297 (51)
Source: Myweather2.com^[21]

Attractions

The crab is the city's mascot and a statue of one stands in the city centre. Fort William, built in 1820, was an active lighthouse from 1835 to the 1970s, while Fort Victoria was built in 1702.

The main market of Cape Coast is called Kotokuraba Market.^[22]

Other attractions include a series of Asafo shrines, Cape Coast Centre for National Culture, the Oguaa Fetu Afahye festival (held on the first Saturday of September), and since 1992, the biennial Panafest theatre festival.^[23] The city is located 30 km south of Kakum National Park, one of the most diverse and best preserved national parks in West Africa.

It is believed that Michelle Obama, US First Lady, considers Cape Coast as her ancestral home,^[24] and on 11 July 2009, she took the rest of the first family to tour Cape Coast Castle as part of her husband's trip to Cape Coast.

 

View of fishing fleet from Cape Coast Castle

 

Centre of Cape Coast Castle

 

Main street of the University of Cape Coast

Education

 

University of Cape Coast Library Complex

Cape Coast is the seat of the University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana's leading university in teaching and research. Cape Vars, as it is popularly called, lies on a hill overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. It also has one of the best Polytechnics, the Cape Coast Polytechnic (C-POLY). The city also boasts some of Ghana's finest secondary and technical schools:

• Wesley Girls' High School
• St. Augustine College
• Holy Child High School, Ghana
• Mfantsipim School
• Adisadel College
• Aggrey Memorial Senior High School
• Ghana National College
• Mfantsiman Girls' Senior High School
• Edinaman Senior High School
• Cape Coast Technical Institute
• Asuansi Technical Institute
• Academy of Christ the King Senior High School
• Cape Coast International Senior High School
• University Practice Senior High School
• St. Nicholas Seminary Senior High School
• Efutu Senior High Technical School
• Sammo Senior High School
• Commercial Service Institute (CSI)
• Oguaa Senior High Technical School

Notable people

Notable people born in or associated with Cape Coast include:

• John Atta Mills: 1944-2012 former President of Ghana
• Frederick Acheampong: (born 1978); member of Ghana Football Association's Executive Council.
• Kwesi Bekoe Amissah-Arthur:1951– 2018; former vice-president of the Republic of Ghana.
• Samuel Richard Brew Attoh-Ahuma: 1863–1921; clergyman, nationalist, pioneering Pan-Africanist.
• Kofi Bentsi-Enchill: 1895–1948; textiles tycoon, philanthropist.
• Prince James Hutton Brew: 1844–1915; solicitor.
• Kwesi Brew: 1928–2007; poet and diplomat.
• Joseph Peter Brown: 1843–1932; patriot, statesman.
• Margaret Busby, OBE, also titled Nana Akua Ackon I: 1944–; publisher, editor, writer and broadcaster. Enstoolment in 1999.^[25]
• Kwadwo Egyir, slave trader and tribal chief. Also involved in colonial diplomatic missions.
• J. E. Casely Hayford: 1866–1930; author, lawyer, politician and educator.
• James Cheetham: 1834–1902; merchant, member of the Legislative Council of the Gold Coast.
• Ambrose Thompson Cooke: 1930–; millionaire, industrialist, textiles CEO and entrepreneur. Alumni London School of Economics and St Augustine's College Cape Coast
• Sir James Henley Coussey, KBE: 1895–1958; High Court judge, chairman of the Coussey Commission, president of the West Africa Court of Appeal.
• John Coleman de-Graft Johnson: 1884–1956; secretary of Native Affairs, anthropologist.
• Samuel George Duker: 1905–1994; LRCP Edin, LRCS Edin, LRFPS Glasg; pioneering physician
• King John Aggery Essien: 1809–1899; King of Cape Coast, pioneer Pan-Africanist.
• Nana Amba Eyiaba I: 1950–; Queen mother of Effutu 16 of the Effutu Municipal District, educator and advocate for political rights of queen mothers^[26]
• Francis Chapman Grant: 1823–1889; founding member of the Fanti Confederation; cousin of Ulysses Grant.
• Charles Emmanuel Graves: 1884–1929; musicologist, composer.
• Mark Christian Hayford: 1863–1935; author, founder of Gold Coast Baptist Church and the Christian Army of the Gold Coast
• Robert Hutchison: 1828–1863; statesman, soldier, philanthropist.
• Prophet Jemisimiham Jehu-Appiah: 1892–1948; founder of Musama Disco Christo Church in Africa.
• Thomas Frederic Edward Jones: 1850–1927; petitioned Queen Victoria about Lands Bill.
• The poet and writer, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, arrived with her husband George MacLean in 1838 and died here shortly after, on 15th October of that year. She is buried in Cape Coast Castle.
• John Mensah-Sarbah: 1864–1910; barrister, author, published Fanti Customary Laws.
• Henry Mercer-Ricketts: 1895–1980; pioneering physician.
• George Edward Moore: 1879–1950; recipient of the Ashanti Medal, executive member of the Aborigines' Rights Protection Society.
• Hon. Ebo Barton Odro, First Deputy Speaker of the Sixth Parliament of the Fourth Republic
• Andrew William Parker: 1840–1912; conscientious nationalist, fought in the Ashanti expedition.
• Philip Quaque: 1741–1816; first ordained African clergy of the Church of England.
• John Sarbah: 1834–1892; educationist, merchant, industrialist.
• William Esuman Gwira Kobina Sekyi: 1892–1956; lawyer, politician, author.
• Jacob Wilson Sey, alias Kwaa Bonyi: 1832–1902; millionaire, philanthropist, founding member of the Aborigines' Rights Protection Society.
• Efua Sutherland: 1924–1996; writer, dramatist, educationalist and cultural activist
• James Robert Thompson: 1810–1886; pioneering educationist.
• Peter Turkson: 1948–; Cardinal-Archbishop of Cape Coast.
• Herbert Taylor Ussher: 1836–1880; early administrator
• Henry van Hien: 1858–1928; President of the Aboriginal Rights Protection Society.
• Hon. William Ward-Brew, OBE: 1878–1943; lawyer, VP of Aborigines' Rights Protection Society.
• Herbert Winful: 1952–; engineering professor.

Media house

• Kastle FM^[27]
• Asaase Radio
• Cape FM

Foods

The Fante people of Ghana are notable for their way of cooking. They are known for eating rich cuisine, mostly with more fish, meat, or any form of protein than necessary. It is believed that this is because of the number of rivers and lakes situated in the town. The people are known for their expert fishing and fish preservation abilities. Some of the cuisines are fante fante, stew and pepper sauce or okro stew, fante kenkey, which can be eaten with soups, stews or shito.

Sister cities

List of sister cities of Cape Coast, designated by Sister Cities International:

Country	City	County / District / Region / State	Date
Germany	Bonn	North Rhine-Westphalia	2012
United States	Buffalo	New York
United States	Hanover Park	Illinois

See also

• Cape Coast Castle

References

1. (PDF). Ghana Statistical Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2013.
2. "Cape Coast | Historic Town, Slave Trade, Castle | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
3. "Cape Coast – Ko-Sa Beach Resort". Retrieved 12 August 2023.
4. Briggs, Philip (2019). Ghana (8th ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. p. 203. ISBN 9781784776282.
5. Banda, Rajaa. "11 Fascinating things to know about Ghana's Cape Coast". The Culture Trip. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
6. "Cape Coast". Ghana Web. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
7. Rømer, Ludvig Ferdinand; Winsnes, Selena Axelrod (2000). A Reliable Account of the Coast of Guinea (1760). British Academy. ISBN 978-0-19-726218-4.
8. Hove, Jon Olav. "Forts and Castles in the Colonial Period: Uses and Understandings of the Pre-colonial Fortifications." Forts, Castles and Society in West Africa. Brill, 2018. 250.
9. Hove, Jon Olav. "Forts and Castles in the Colonial Period: Uses and Understandings of the Pre-colonial Fortifications." Forts, Castles and Society in West Africa. Brill, 2018. 251-252.
10. DeCorse, Christopher R.; Sam Spiers (2009). (PDF). Australasian Historical Archaeology. 27: 36. S2CID 67755840. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2020.
11. Herman du Toit (ed.), Pageants and Processions: Images and Idiom as Spectacle, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009, pp. 117–118.
12. Casely-Hayford, Gus (4 February 2016). "Gus Casely-Hayford on Fante Asafo Flags – Artist & Empire". Tate. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 – via YouTube.
13. Asafo Flags: Stitches Through Time | HENI Talks, retrieved 6 February 2024
14. David Allan Paintsil, "Oguaa to showcase potential of traditional warriors…in 2012 Fetu Afahye" 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The Chronicle (Ghana), 11 May 2012.
15. Esi Sutherland-Addy, "Women and Verbal Arts in the Oguaa-Edina Area", Research Review (NS), Vol. 14, No. 2 (1998), p. 7.
16. Sundkler, Bengt; Steed, Christopher (4 May 2000). A History of the Church in Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 719. ISBN 978-0-521-58342-8.
17. "St Francis de Sales Cathedral - Archdiocese of Cape Coast". Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
18. Amoah, Francis (26 July 2022). Leadership Styles and Spiritual Traits of Catholic Priests: A Research Exploring the Relationships between Leadership Styles and Spiritual Traits of Catholic Priests. Fulton Books, Inc. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-63985-867-5.
19. Hyland, A. D. (1995). "The Architectural History of Cape Coast". Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana (1 (Vol. 16, no. 2)): 172. ISSN 0855-3246. JSTOR 41406616.
20. . centralregion.gov.gh. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
21. "Cape Coast Weather Averages". Myweather2. 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
22. "Ghana Place Names - Markets".
23. . PANAFEST. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
24. "Obamas confront history inside Ghana's slave dungeon". businesstimesafrica.net. Archived from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
25. Discourses of Empire and Commonwealth, p. 230, Koninklijke Brill, NV, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2016, ISBN 978-90-04-32277-6
26. . Council of Women Traditional Leaders. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014.
27. "I don't entertain men who want to sleep with me - Sefa boldly shares". GhanaWeb. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 25 May 2022.

Bibliography

• Charles Tetty, "Medical Practitioners of African Descent in Colonial Ghana", International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1985), pp. 139–44, Boston University African Studies Center.
• Gallery of Gold Coast Celebrities 1632–1958, Vol 1 2 & 3; I.S. Ephson, Ghana Publishing Corporation, 1970.
• Kofi Baku, "Kobina Sekyi of Ghana: An Annotated Bibliography of His Writings", International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 24, No. 2 (1991), pp. 369–81, Boston University African Studies Center.

External links

 

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Cape Coast".

•   Cape Coast travel guide from Wikivoyage