This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Most content was written during the beginning of the pandemic in 2020. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(September 2023)
* It is estimated that most cases have gone unreported and that at least 75% of people in Canada were infected with at least one of the COVID-19 variants at some point.[2]
* On November 12, 2022, the Government of Canada transitioned to a new system of collecting data on vaccinated persons. This data is much less detailed and no overview exists that would provide a clear picture of how many persons have had one, two, three, or four doses (or more), so this data will no longer be updated.
Government website
canada.ca/coronavirus
The virus was confirmed to have reached Canada on January 25, 2020, after an individual who had returned to Toronto from Wuhan, Hubei, China, tested positive. The first case of community transmission in Canada was confirmed in British Columbia on March 5.[6] In March 2020, as cases of community transmission were confirmed, all of Canada's provinces and territories declared states of emergency. Provinces and territories have, to varying degrees, implemented school and daycare closures, prohibitions on gatherings, closures of non-essential businesses and restrictions on entry. Canada severely restricted its border access, barring travelers from all countries with some exceptions. The federal Minister of Health invoked the Quarantine Act, introduced following the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.[7] For the first time in its legislative history, the act has been used, legally requiring all travelers (excluding essential workers) returning to the country to self-isolate for 14 days, until rules were changed to accommodate fully vaccinated travelers.
By mid to late summer of 2020, the country saw a steady decline in active cases until the beginning of late summer. Through autumn, there was a resurgence of cases in all provinces and territories.[8] On September 23, 2020, Prime Minister Trudeau declared that Canada was experiencing a "second wave" of the virus.[9] New restrictions from provincial governments were put in place once again as cases increased, including variations of regional lockdowns. In late November, there was the disbandment of the Atlantic Bubble, a travel-restricted area of the country (formed of the four Atlantic provinces: New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador) which had been established in July, 2020. The federal government passed legislation to approve further modified economic aid for businesses and individuals.[10]
Nation-wide cases, hospitalizations and deaths spiked preceding and following the Christmas and holiday season in December, 2020 and January, 2021. Alarmed by hospital capacity issues, fatalities and new cases, heavy restrictions (such as lockdowns and curfews) were put in place in affected areas (primarily Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta) and across the country. These lockdowns caused active cases to steadily decline, reaching a plateau in active cases in mid-February 2021. During a third wave of the virus, cases began rising across most provinces west of Atlantic Canada in mid-March,[11] prompting further lockdowns and restrictions in the most populous provinces like Ontario and Quebec.[11][12] Due to a relatively low volume of cases in the Atlantic provinces, the travel-restricted Atlantic Bubble was planned to reopen;[13] however, in late April, the third wave had spread to the Atlantic provinces. In response, Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia reinstated travel bans toward the rest of the country.
Following Health Canada's approval of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, and later the mRNA-1273 vaccine developed by Moderna, mass vaccinations began nationwide on December 14, 2020.[14][15] On February 26, 2021, Health Canada approved the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine for use,[16] and on March 5, 2021, they additionally approved the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine for a total of four approved vaccines in the nation.[17] However, most provinces discontinued first doses of Oxford-AstraZeneca by May 12, 2021,[18] while the administration of the Janssen vaccine was determined unnecessary.[19] Canada became one of the most vaccinated countries in the world, with a continually high uptake of the vaccine.[20] Despite high general uptake of the vaccine, cases began to surge particularly amongst the unvaccinated population in provinces like Alberta, which had removed nearly all pandemic restrictions.[citation needed]
Near the end of summer 2021, cases began to surge across Canada, notably in the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec and Ontario, particularly amongst the unvaccinated population. During this fourth wave of the virus, return to pandemic restrictions such as mask mandates were reinstated in provinces like British Columbia and Alberta.[21] The surge in cases was largely deemed to be a "pandemic of the unvaccinated"[22] and resulted in the introduction of vaccine passports, for all provinces and two of the territories.[23][24] Federally, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau instated requirements for vaccination in order to partake in air travel, as well as those who ride Via Rail and Rocky Mountaineer trains as of October 30, 2021. Additionally, the mandate included any federally regulated workers.[25][26] In January 2022, all of Canada's provinces and territories were experiencing record-level case numbers, primarily driven by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which caused provincial and territorial governments to reintroduce restrictions surrounding travel and isolation. However, in mid-February active caseloads and hospitalizations began to decrease and towards the end of February 2022, almost all provinces and territories had announced plans to lift restrictions by early March or mid-March 2022, if epidemiology remained favorable.[27]
On January 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, reported to the WHO on December 31, 2019.[28][29]
On January 1, 2020, the WHO set up the IMST (Incident Management Support Team) across all three levels of the organization: headquarters, regional headquarters and country-level, putting the organization on an emergency footing for dealing with the outbreak.[47]
On January 7, when it appeared that there was a health crisis emerging in Wuhan, Public Health Canada advised travelers to China to avoid contact with animals, noting that they were very carefully monitoring the situation. Still there was no evidence of what caused the illness, or how it spread.[48]
On January 15, the federal government activated its Emergency Operations Centre.[49]
On January 17, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) indicated plans were in progress "to implement signage" in the Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver airports to raise awareness of the virus. An additional health screening question added to the electronic kiosks for passengers arriving from central China. The agency noted the overall risk to Canadians was low, and there were no direct flights from Wuhan to Canada. The CBSA said it would not be, at that time, implementing extra screening measures, but would "monitor the situation closely".[50][51]
On January 23, the federal Minister of Health, Patty Hajdu, said they were monitoring five or six people for signs of the virus.[52][53] That same day, the chief public health officer of Canada, Theresa Tam, was a member of the WHO committee that broadcast that it was too early to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The following day, in Wuhan, China, construction began on a new hospital to treat COVID-19 patients. The hospital took only 10 days to build and was widely reported around the world.[54]
Initially, Canada faced a shortage of personal protective equipment, as the Trudeau government had reduced PPE funding as a cost-cutting measure in previous years.[55][56]
Health Canada is responsible for approval and regulation of vaccines (and other pharmaceuticals), while the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) is responsible for public health, emergency preparedness and response, and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention. Vaccines are authorized by Health Canada, purchased by the Government of Canada and distributed by PHAC to individual provinces and territories in tranches based on various factors such as population size and prioritized peoples. The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) has also issued recommendations on how vaccines should be distributed, in what intervals and to which populations. NACI has also been involved in recommendations on the use or disuse of vaccines to certain ages or populations.
The National Research Council Canada (NRC) has made investments in the domestic development of vaccine candidates, including candidates by the University of Saskatchewan and Variation Biotechnologies. In May 2020, the NRC announced a planned agreement to conduct clinical trials of a vaccine candidate by Chinese company CanSino Biologics, and plans to manufacture it at its facilities in Montreal once authorized. However, the deal collapsed due to strained Canada–China relations, and the federal government later announced commitments to purchase vaccines being produced by AstraZeneca, Moderna, Pfizer and Janssen.
COVID-19 vaccinations in Canada by province and territory, September 30, 2022 (
On December 26, 2020, Ontario announced that two cases of the B.1.1.7 variant had been found in Durham.[59] On January 8, 2021, the Public Health Agency of Canada announced that the first case of the South African variant had been found in Alberta.[60] On February 8, CTV reported that the first case of the P.1 variant out of Brazil had been detected in Toronto.[61] On April 21, the B.C. Ministry of Health announced that they had seen cases of B.1.617 as early as April 4.[62] On May 14, Canada added B.1.617 (including what is now known as Delta) to its variants of concern. On May 31, 2021, WHO announced that the variant B.1.1.7 was being renamed Alpha, P.1 Gamma, B.1.617.2 Delta and B.1.351 Beta.
Early evidence out of Alberta[63] suggests that the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines will continue to be effective against death or hospitalization from the Alpha and Gamma variants. A study in Ontario found that the Pfizer vaccine was 95% effective to prevent hospitalization or death from the Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants 7 days after the second dose.[64] Moderna was 94% effective against Alpha 7 days after the 2nd dose. Moderna appeared to be highly effective against Delta.
A preprint study from epidemiologists David Fisman and Ashleigh Tuite, at the University of Toronto, found that the Delta variant had a 120% greater risk of hospitalization, 287% greater risk of ICU admission and 137% greater risk of death compared to non-variant of concern strains of SARS-COV-2.[65]
Number of cases by different variants (as of November 4, 2023)
Analysis has been made available only for the 14.13% of all 4,795,380 cases
Government response
Federal
As the people of Canada experience profound and rapid changes to their lives, we are all concerned about the future. It may be difficult to remain hopeful when faced with loss and uncertainty, but Canadians have many reasons for optimism, even in the most trying times.
Across Canada, countless people continue to care for the most vulnerable and to provide essential services for their fellow citizens. I am thankful for their dedication and for the hope it offers.
In the coming weeks and months, the people of Canada will need to continue to work together to ensure the health and vitality of our communities. I know that Canadians will remain optimistic and will rise to the challenges ahead.
My thoughts and prayers are with the people of Canada at this time."[67]
The federal government activated its Emergency Operations Centre on January 15, 2020.[49] The federal government's pandemic response is based on two primary documents: the Canadian Pandemic Influenza Preparedness planning guidelines, which outlines risks and measures to address a viral disease,[68] and the Federal/Provincial/Territorial Public Health Response Plan for Biological Events, which includes identifying, tracking, and ensuring rapid access to medical care.[69] As of February 27, the response plan was at level 3 (escalated).[70]
On March 18, the federal Minister of Health, Patty Hajdu, announced that the federal government had signed an interim order to speed up access to COVID-19 test kits that would allow provincial labs to increase testing. The test kits are made by Switzerland-based Roche Molecular Systems and Thermo Fisher Scientific.[71] According to Health Canada, "an Interim Order is one of the fastest mechanisms available to the Government of Canada to help make health products available to address larger-scale public health emergencies. This Interim Order provides the Minister with the flexibility to consider the urgent circumstances relating to the need for the medical device, authorizations granted by foreign regulatory authorities, or possible new uses for medical devices that are approved in Canada."[72]
On March 19, the federal government announced that it had added to Trudeau's March 11 announcement of $275 million in funding for an additional 49 projects to bring the total to 96 research projects that will focus on developing and implementing measures to detect, manage, and reduce the transmission of COVID-19.[73][74]
On March 20, as part of the announcement on Canada's industrial strategy (see below), Trudeau stated that the National Research Council would work with small- and medium-sized companies on health research to fight the virus.[75]
Social distancing at Shoppers Drug Mart in Toronto with limited number of shoppers allowed inside the store.
On March 23, Theresa Tam began appearing in public service announcements on radio and television, urging personal hygiene, social distancing, and against unnecessary travel.[76]
On April 6, Tam began to suggest that the use of non-medical face masks in public could be an "additional measure" of protection. She stated to "protect others around you in situations where physical distancing is difficult to maintain", but that this is not proven to protect the wearer and is considered complementary to all existing health guidance issued thus far.[77]
On November 3, the Public Health Agency of Canada started recommended that people wear non-medical masks with three layers including a filter.[79]
On November 3, Tam said that "living with COVID-19 is something that we have to do because it's not going to immediately disappear and the population doesn't have much immunity", and went on to say that "If cases do occur and accelerate in a community, then you have to get at it early because if you let it, the virus and the numbers accelerate and keep accelerating...you will then end up with more widespread closures. So, I think as cities or hotspots cool down, if you like, the restart needs to be carefully thought of."[80]
"Thank You Heroes" sign at a long-term care home in Markham, Ontario
Long-term care homes have been impacted heavily by the pandemic. On April 13, Tam reported that at least half of COVID-19 deaths in Canada were linked to long-term care homes (with the exact number varying by province), and that "these deaths will continue to increase, even as the epidemic growth rate slows down.[81][82] Tam cited factors such as outside visitors, communal living spaces, and staff being transferred among multiple facilities as particular vulnerabilities.[83][84] The pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing staffing issues at some facilities, including underpaid staff and being understaffed in general.[85][81][86] On April 28, Tam stated that as many as 79 percent of Canada's COVID-19 fatalities occurred in long-term care homes.[87]
Health Canada issued recommendations for long-term care homes. They encouraged them to restrict outside visitors and volunteers, restrict employees from being transferred between multiple facilities, provide personal protective equipment, enforce physical distancing during meals, screen staff and essential visitors. On April 15, Trudeau announced that the federal government planned to provide additional pay to long-term care workers.[88][89]
In April 2020, the Department of National Defence gave the provinces the option to get Canadian Armed Forces assistance in combating the pandemic in long-term care facilities. Quebec was the first to act, with military personnel arriving on April 17.[90]Ontario responded next, with PremierDoug Ford requesting military aid on April 22.[91]
Travel and entry restrictions
On March 14, Canada recommended against any international travel and advised those returning from outside of Canada, except for essential workers (such as flight crew), to self-isolate for 14 days.[92] The Quarantine Act was invoked by Hajdu on March 26, making self-isolation a legal mandate for travelers (excluding essential workers) returning to the country. It also prohibits those who are symptomatic from using public transit as transport to their place of self-isolation, and prohibiting self-isolation in settings where they may come in contact with those who are vulnerable (people with pre-existing conditions and the elderly).[93]
Since March 16, only Canadian citizens and their immediate families, permanent residents, and U.S. citizens had been allowed to enter the country. The only exceptions are flight crews, diplomats, and trade and commerce. Travellers showing COVID-19 symptoms were not allowed to board flights into Canada, regardless of their citizenship.[94][95] International flights to Canada from outside the Caribbean, Mexico, and the U.S. were instructed to land at either Calgary International Airport, Montréal–Trudeau International Airport, Toronto Pearson International Airport, or Vancouver International Airport.[94][95]
An almost empty SkyTrain in Vancouver on a Saturday afternoon
From March 20, Canada and the United States temporarily restricted all non-essential travel across their land border.[96][97] The U.S. did not restrict non-essential air travel into the country by Canadians, but Americans were prohibited from boarding flights into Canada per U.S. restrictions—a non-reciprocal restriction that was criticized as being contradictory.[98] On April 16, Trudeau stated that the Canada/U.S. border restrictions would remain in place "for a significant amount of time".[99] The next day, Canada and the United States had agreed to extend their entry restrictions, which were to expire on April 21, for an additional 30 days beyond that date.[100]
On April 20, the federal government introduced the "ArriveCAN" mobile app, which is used to conduct entry screenings and submit documentation; use of the app became mandatory in November.[101]
Since March 30, individuals showing COVID-19 symptoms were to be refused boarding on domestic flights (10 seats or more) and passenger trains. However, it excluded buses and intercity passenger rail services.[102] From April 20, all travellers were required to wear face masks while departing and arriving on air travel, including during security screenings. Those who did not comply were prevented from proceeding.[103]
As the land border with the United States continued to be closed to non-essential travel, the Canadian government announced plans in October to allow family members to reunite under compassionate terms.[104] Within the country, the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador established the Atlantic Bubble, restricting travel from other provinces but allowing free movement amongst residents of the member provinces.[105]
On January 6, 2021, the federal government announced that all incoming travellers must present proof of a negative COVID-19 PCR test conducted within 72 hours of their departure time to board flights into Canada.[106]
On January 29, 2021, due to concerns surrounding SARS-CoV-2 variants, Trudeau announced a series of new travel restrictions. Travellers arriving in Canada would be required to receive a COVID-19 PCR test on arrival and must quarantine at an "approved hotel" at their own expense. At the same time, they awaited test results or recovery and were subject to "increased surveillance" during the remainder of the mandatory 14-day quarantine period. Foreign flights were only allowed to land in Calgary, Montreal, Toronto, or Vancouver. To discourage non-essential travel, the major airlines agreed to suspend all flights to the Caribbean and Mexico until April 30, 2021.[107][108] On February 12, it was announced a third PCR test would also be required at the end of the 14-day quarantine period. The new rules for international travel went into effect on February 22.[109]
In July 2021, the government lifted the quarantine requirement for Canadian citizens and permanent residents re-entering the country, provided they submit proof of vaccination via the ArriveCAN app or website.[101] On August 9, 2021, Canada reopened its land border to American citizens and permanent residents that are fully-vaccinated. However, the U.S. land border remained closed to Canadians entering the United States [98][110] until November 8, 2021, when the U.S. began to allow non-essential land trav
February 16, 2024
covid, pandemic, canada, this, article, needs, updated, reason, given, most, content, written, during, beginning, pandemic, 2020, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, september, 2023, part, ongoing, world. This article needs to be updated The reason given is Most content was written during the beginning of the pandemic in 2020 Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information September 2023 The COVID 19 pandemic in Canada is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 COVID 19 It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 Most cases over the course of the pandemic have been in Ontario Quebec British Columbia and Alberta Confirmed cases have been reported in all of Canada s provinces and territories 4 5 COVID 19 pandemic in Canada clockwise from top The results of panic buying in Halifax Nova ScotiaQuebec police stop vehicles on the Macdonald Cartier BridgeMass vaccination site at the Olympic Stadium in Montreal QuebecThe COVID Alert app developed by Shopify and Health CanadaA sign encouraging social distancing in Nanaimo British ColumbiaAn empty Yonge Dundas Square in TorontoDiseaseCOVID 19Virus strainSARS CoV 2LocationCanadaFirst outbreakWuhan Hubei ChinaIndex caseToronto OntarioArrival dateJanuary 25 2020 1 4 years 3 weeks and 1 day Confirmed cases4 915 977 as of January 26 2024 It is estimated that most cases have gone unreported and that at least 75 of people in Canada were infected with at least one of the COVID 19 variants at some point 2 Deaths57 905Fatality rate1 18 VaccinationsVaccinated 32 320 750 83 00 3 One dose only 137 295 0 35 Two doses only 12 868 886 33 05 Three doses only 13 746 054 35 30 Four doses 5 568 515 14 30 Non vaccinated 6 619 913 17 00 On November 12 2022 the Government of Canada transitioned to a new system of collecting data on vaccinated persons This data is much less detailed and no overview exists that would provide a clear picture of how many persons have had one two three or four doses or more so this data will no longer be updated Government websitecanada wbr ca wbr coronavirusThe virus was confirmed to have reached Canada on January 25 2020 after an individual who had returned to Toronto from Wuhan Hubei China tested positive The first case of community transmission in Canada was confirmed in British Columbia on March 5 6 In March 2020 as cases of community transmission were confirmed all of Canada s provinces and territories declared states of emergency Provinces and territories have to varying degrees implemented school and daycare closures prohibitions on gatherings closures of non essential businesses and restrictions on entry Canada severely restricted its border access barring travelers from all countries with some exceptions The federal Minister of Health invoked the Quarantine Act introduced following the 2002 2004 SARS outbreak 7 For the first time in its legislative history the act has been used legally requiring all travelers excluding essential workers returning to the country to self isolate for 14 days until rules were changed to accommodate fully vaccinated travelers By mid to late summer of 2020 the country saw a steady decline in active cases until the beginning of late summer Through autumn there was a resurgence of cases in all provinces and territories 8 On September 23 2020 Prime Minister Trudeau declared that Canada was experiencing a second wave of the virus 9 New restrictions from provincial governments were put in place once again as cases increased including variations of regional lockdowns In late November there was the disbandment of the Atlantic Bubble a travel restricted area of the country formed of the four Atlantic provinces New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador which had been established in July 2020 The federal government passed legislation to approve further modified economic aid for businesses and individuals 10 Nation wide cases hospitalizations and deaths spiked preceding and following the Christmas and holiday season in December 2020 and January 2021 Alarmed by hospital capacity issues fatalities and new cases heavy restrictions such as lockdowns and curfews were put in place in affected areas primarily Ontario Quebec and Alberta and across the country These lockdowns caused active cases to steadily decline reaching a plateau in active cases in mid February 2021 During a third wave of the virus cases began rising across most provinces west of Atlantic Canada in mid March 11 prompting further lockdowns and restrictions in the most populous provinces like Ontario and Quebec 11 12 Due to a relatively low volume of cases in the Atlantic provinces the travel restricted Atlantic Bubble was planned to reopen 13 however in late April the third wave had spread to the Atlantic provinces In response Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia reinstated travel bans toward the rest of the country Following Health Canada s approval of the Pfizer BioNTech COVID 19 vaccine and later the mRNA 1273 vaccine developed by Moderna mass vaccinations began nationwide on December 14 2020 14 15 On February 26 2021 Health Canada approved the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID 19 vaccine for use 16 and on March 5 2021 they additionally approved the Janssen COVID 19 vaccine for a total of four approved vaccines in the nation 17 However most provinces discontinued first doses of Oxford AstraZeneca by May 12 2021 18 while the administration of the Janssen vaccine was determined unnecessary 19 Canada became one of the most vaccinated countries in the world with a continually high uptake of the vaccine 20 Despite high general uptake of the vaccine cases began to surge particularly amongst the unvaccinated population in provinces like Alberta which had removed nearly all pandemic restrictions citation needed Near the end of summer 2021 cases began to surge across Canada notably in the provinces of British Columbia Alberta Quebec and Ontario particularly amongst the unvaccinated population During this fourth wave of the virus return to pandemic restrictions such as mask mandates were reinstated in provinces like British Columbia and Alberta 21 The surge in cases was largely deemed to be a pandemic of the unvaccinated 22 and resulted in the introduction of vaccine passports for all provinces and two of the territories 23 24 Federally Prime Minister Justin Trudeau instated requirements for vaccination in order to partake in air travel as well as those who ride Via Rail and Rocky Mountaineer trains as of October 30 2021 Additionally the mandate included any federally regulated workers 25 26 In January 2022 all of Canada s provinces and territories were experiencing record level case numbers primarily driven by the SARS CoV 2 Omicron variant which caused provincial and territorial governments to reintroduce restrictions surrounding travel and isolation However in mid February active caseloads and hospitalizations began to decrease and towards the end of February 2022 almost all provinces and territories had announced plans to lift restrictions by early March or mid March 2022 if epidemiology remained favorable 27 Contents 1 Background and epidemiology 2 Preparations 3 Timeline of outbreak in Canada 4 Vaccination 5 Variants of concern 6 Government response 6 1 Federal 6 1 1 Public health 6 1 2 Long term care homes 6 1 3 Canadian Armed Forces 6 1 4 Travel and entry restrictions 6 1 5 Governmental cancellations 6 1 6 Bank of Canada rate changes 6 1 7 Federal aid 6 1 8 Industrial strategy 6 1 9 Virtual care 6 2 States of emergency 6 2 1 Schools and universities 6 2 2 Business closures 6 2 3 Aid programs 6 3 Courts 6 4 First Nations 7 Economic impact 8 Pandemic by province or territory 9 COVID 19 testing 9 1 Role of the Government of Canada 9 1 1 Federal approval and regulation of diagnostic tests 9 1 2 National Microbiology Lab 9 1 3 Federal facilitation of testing 9 2 Types of COVID 19 tests 9 2 1 Virus RNA tests 9 2 1 1 Virus RNA test reagent kits 9 2 1 2 Canadian made viral RNA test systems 9 2 2 Serological testing for antibodies 9 2 2 1 Research and population immunity 9 2 2 2 Canadian made antibody tests 9 2 3 Rapid antigen testing 9 2 3 1 Canadian made rapid antigen tests 10 Statistics 10 1 National maps 10 2 By age 10 3 Deaths 10 4 Provincial and territorial 11 See also 12 References 13 External linksBackground and epidemiologyFurther information Timeline of the COVID 19 pandemic in Canada On January 12 2020 the World Health Organization WHO confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City Hubei Province China reported to the WHO on December 31 2019 28 29 The case fatality ratio for COVID 19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003 30 31 but the transmission has been significantly greater with a significant death toll 32 30 COVID 19 pandemic in Canada by province and territory 16 February 2024 01 32 UTC vte Province Population Tests Per k Cases Per m Deaths Per m Ref nbsp British Columbia 5 624 299 6 582 053 1 170 5 416 374 73 978 6 701 1 186 1 33 nbsp Alberta 4 823 143 7 624 725 1 581 3 650 819 134 885 6 299 1 303 6 34 nbsp Saskatchewan 1 228 664 1 839 158 1 497 1 165 404 134 637 2 052 1 670 3 35 nbsp Manitoba 1 480 674 1 728 072 1 167 3 161 366 109 001 2 644 1 786 36 nbsp Ontario 15 939 861 27 635 015 1 733 9 1 705 512 107 011 18 317 1 149 3 37 nbsp Quebec 9 011 112 20 622 285 2 288 8 1 449 641 160 893 19 752 2 189 1 38 nbsp New Brunswick 847 073 1 065 193 1 257 6 94 335 111 378 1 007 1 188 9 39 nbsp Prince Edward Island 176 720 341 804 1 934 4 58 381 330 407 118 667 8 40 nbsp Nova Scotia 1 072 742 2 197 365 2 048 6 153 539 143 144 1 005 937 41 nbsp Newfoundland and Labrador 541 975 767 706 1 416 6 59 303 109 426 396 730 7 42 nbsp Yukon 45 319 37 772 833 5 5 212 115 012 45 993 43 nbsp Northwest Territories 44 474 43 802 984 8 11 790 265 069 25 562 1 44 nbsp Nunavut 40 944 50 353 1 229 8 4 571 111 643 10 244 2 45 Repatriated travellers N A N A N A 13 N A 0 N A 46 nbsp Canada 40 877 000 70 535 303 1 725 8 4 936 260 120 758 58 374 1 427 2PreparationsOn January 1 2020 the WHO set up the IMST Incident Management Support Team across all three levels of the organization headquarters regional headquarters and country level putting the organization on an emergency footing for dealing with the outbreak 47 On January 7 when it appeared that there was a health crisis emerging in Wuhan Public Health Canada advised travelers to China to avoid contact with animals noting that they were very carefully monitoring the situation Still there was no evidence of what caused the illness or how it spread 48 On January 15 the federal government activated its Emergency Operations Centre 49 On January 17 the Canada Border Services Agency CBSA indicated plans were in progress to implement signage in the Montreal Toronto and Vancouver airports to raise awareness of the virus An additional health screening question added to the electronic kiosks for passengers arriving from central China The agency noted the overall risk to Canadians was low and there were no direct flights from Wuhan to Canada The CBSA said it would not be at that time implementing extra screening measures but would monitor the situation closely 50 51 On January 23 the federal Minister of Health Patty Hajdu said they were monitoring five or six people for signs of the virus 52 53 That same day the chief public health officer of Canada Theresa Tam was a member of the WHO committee that broadcast that it was too early to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern The following day in Wuhan China construction began on a new hospital to treat COVID 19 patients The hospital took only 10 days to build and was widely reported around the world 54 Initially Canada faced a shortage of personal protective equipment as the Trudeau government had reduced PPE funding as a cost cutting measure in previous years 55 56 Timeline of outbreak in CanadaMain article Timeline of the COVID 19 pandemic in Canada COVID 19 cases in Canada vte Deaths Recoveries Active cases Date of cases of deaths2020 01 25 1 n a 2020 01 26 1 2020 01 27 2 100 2020 01 28 3 50 3 2020 01 31 4 33 4 2020 02 04 5 25 2020 02 05 5 2020 02 06 7 40 7 2020 02 12 7 2020 02 13 7 2020 02 14 8 14 8 2020 02 19 8 2020 02 20 9 12 9 2020 02 23 10 11 2020 02 24 11 10 2020 02 25 11 2020 02 26 12 9 1 2020 02 27 14 17 2020 02 28 16 14 2020 02 29 20 25 2020 03 01 24 20 2020 03 02 24 2020 03 03 33 38 2020 03 04 34 3 2020 03 05 46 35 2020 03 06 54 17 2020 03 07 60 11 2020 03 08 67 12 2020 03 09 86 28 1 n a 2020 03 10 95 10 1 2020 03 11 116 22 1 2020 03 12 156 34 1 2020 03 13 198 27 1 2020 03 14 257 30 1 2020 03 15 341 33 1 2020 03 16 441 29 4 300 2020 03 17 597 35 8 100 2020 03 18 727 22 9 12 2020 03 19 872 20 12 33 2020 03 20 1 087 25 13 8 3 2020 03 21 1 331 22 18 38 2020 03 22 1 470 10 20 11 2020 03 23 2 091 42 24 20 2020 03 24 2 792 34 27 12 2020 03 25 3 409 22 35 30 2020 03 26 4 043 19 39 11 2020 03 27 4 757 18 55 41 2020 03 28 5 655 19 61 11 2020 03 29 6 320 12 66 8 2 2020 03 30 7 448 18 89 35 2020 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32 37 389 0 1 2022 03 25 3 439 481 0 19 37 450 0 16 2022 03 26 3 443 414 0 11 37 480 0 08 2022 03 27 3 446 831 0 1 37 480 2022 03 28 3 455 492 0 25 37 480 2022 03 29 3 466 281 0 31 37 480 2022 03 30 3 473 850 0 22 37 480 2022 03 31 3 487 340 0 39 37 480 2022 04 01 3 495 585 0 24 37 737 0 69 2022 04 02 3 504 035 0 24 37 737 2022 04 03 3 507 339 0 09 37 737 2022 04 04 3 517 799 0 3 37 737 2022 04 05 3 525 292 0 21 37 737 2022 04 06 3 532 855 0 21 37 737 2022 04 07 3 556 603 0 67 38 074 0 89 2022 04 08 3 564 877 0 23 38 074 2022 04 09 3 572 900 0 23 38 074 2022 04 10 3 582 568 0 27 38 074 2022 04 11 3 587 531 0 14 38 074 2022 04 12 3 594 868 0 2 38 074 2022 04 13 3 602 476 0 21 38 074 2022 04 14 3 627 990 0 71 38 516 1 2 2022 04 15 3 632 498 0 12 38 516 2022 04 16 3 636 836 0 12 38 516 2022 04 17 3 639 395 0 07 38 516 2022 04 18 3 641 690 0 06 38 516 2022 04 19 3 658 972 0 47 38 516 2022 04 20 3 662 599 0 1 38 516 2022 04 21 3 688 953 0 72 39 003 1 3 2022 04 22 3 696 310 0 2 39 003 2022 04 23 3 700 130 0 1 39 003 2022 04 24 3 704 228 0 11 39 003 2022 04 25 3 711 432 0 19 39 003 2022 04 26 3 718 672 0 2 39 003 2022 04 27 3 723 749 0 14 39 003 2022 04 28 3 744 892 0 57 39 515 1 3 2022 04 29 3 750 057 0 14 39 515 2022 04 30 3 752 856 0 07 39 515 2022 05 01 3 755 099 0 06 39 515 2022 05 02 3 760 045 0 13 39 515 2022 05 03 3 765 350 0 14 39 515 2022 05 04 3 769 479 0 11 39 515 2022 05 05 3 785 975 0 44 39 996 1 2 2022 05 06 3 790 237 0 11 39 996 2022 05 07 3 792 401 0 06 39 996 2022 05 08 3 794 339 0 05 39 996 2022 05 09 3 798 142 0 1 39 996 2022 05 10 3 802 244 0 11 39 996 2022 05 11 3 805 347 0 08 39 996 2022 05 12 3 818 712 0 35 40 479 1 2 2022 05 13 3 821 993 0 09 40 479 2022 05 14 3 823 568 0 04 40 479 2022 05 15 3 825 132 0 04 40 479 2022 05 16 3 828 099 0 08 40 479 2022 05 17 3 831 555 0 09 40 479 2022 05 18 3 834 243 0 07 40 479 2022 05 19 3 844 775 0 27 40 783 0 75 2022 05 20 3 846 803 0 05 40 783 2022 05 21 3 848 024 0 03 40 783 2022 05 22 3 849 076 0 03 40 783 2022 05 23 3 849 777 0 02 40 783 2022 05 24 3 853 427 0 09 40 783 2022 05 25 3 855 155 0 04 40 783 2022 05 26 3 863 291 0 21 41 086 0 74 2022 05 27 3 864 985 0 04 41 086 2022 05 28 3 866 129 0 03 41 086 2022 05 29 3 867 007 0 02 41 086 2022 05 30 3 868 942 0 05 41 086 2022 05 31 3 871 076 0 06 41 086 2022 06 01 3 873 227 0 06 41 086 2022 06 02 3 880 237 0 18 41 336 0 61 2022 06 03 3 881 669 0 04 41 336 2022 06 04 3 882 570 0 02 41 336 2022 06 05 3 883 280 0 02 41 336 2022 06 06 3 885 140 0 05 41 336 2022 06 07 3 887 472 0 06 41 336 2022 06 08 3 889 688 0 06 41 336 2022 06 09 3 895 857 0 16 41 541 0 5 2022 06 10 3 897 414 0 04 41 541 2022 06 11 3 898 239 0 02 41 541 2022 06 12 3 898 898 0 02 41 541 2022 06 13 3 900 949 0 05 41 541 2022 06 14 3 903 230 0 06 41 541 2022 06 15 3 905 411 0 06 41 541 2022 06 16 3 911 486 0 16 41 683 0 34 2022 06 17 3 911 491 41 683 2022 06 18 3 911 491 41 683 2022 06 19 3 911 491 41 683 2022 06 20 3 914 299 0 07 41 683 2022 06 21 3 916 189 0 05 41 683 2022 06 22 3 917 724 0 04 41 683 2022 06 23 3 927 028 0 24 41 823 0 34 2022 06 24 3 927 028 41 823 2022 06 25 3 927 028 41 823 2022 06 26 3 927 028 41 823 2022 06 27 3 930 514 0 09 41 823 2022 06 28 3 933 093 0 07 41 823 2022 06 29 3 935 223 0 05 41 823 2022 06 30 3 946 741 0 29 41 823 2022 07 01 3 946 741 41 823 2022 07 02 3 946 741 41 980 0 38 2022 07 03 3 946 741 41 980 2022 07 04 3 951 263 0 11 41 980 2022 07 05 3 954 458 0 08 41 980 2022 07 06 3 956 694 0 06 41 980 2022 07 07 3 969 933 0 33 41 980 2022 07 08 3 971 539 0 04 41 980 2022 07 09 3 971 539 42 155 0 42 2022 07 10 3 974 070 0 06 42 155 2022 07 11 3 975 103 0 03 42 155 2022 07 12 3 987 168 0 3 42 155 2022 07 13 3 989 841 0 07 42 155 2022 07 14 4 005 184 0 38 42 155 2022 07 15 4 007 076 0 05 42 155 2022 07 16 4 023 341 0 41 42 403 0 59 2022 07 17 4 023 341 42 403 The government stopped providing updates on recoveries and active cases on July 18 2022 thus this timeline has been discontinued nbsp Cases nbsp DeathsVaccinationThis section is an excerpt from COVID 19 vaccination in Canada edit Health Canada is responsible for approval and regulation of vaccines and other pharmaceuticals while the Public Health Agency of Canada PHAC is responsible for public health emergency preparedness and response and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention Vaccines are authorized by Health Canada purchased by the Government of Canada and distributed by PHAC to individual provinces and territories in tranches based on various factors such as population size and prioritized peoples The National Advisory Committee on Immunization NACI has also issued recommendations on how vaccines should be distributed in what intervals and to which populations NACI has also been involved in recommendations on the use or disuse of vaccines to certain ages or populations The National Research Council Canada NRC has made investments in the domestic development of vaccine candidates including candidates by the University of Saskatchewan and Variation Biotechnologies In May 2020 the NRC announced a planned agreement to conduct clinical trials of a vaccine candidate by Chinese company CanSino Biologics and plans to manufacture it at its facilities in Montreal once authorized However the deal collapsed due to strained Canada China relations and the federal government later announced commitments to purchase vaccines being produced by AstraZeneca Moderna Pfizer and Janssen COVID 19 vaccinations in Canada by province and territory September 30 2022 vte Province Population People who have at least one dose People fully vaccinated Total population with at least one dose Total population fully vaccinated Ref nbsp British Columbia 5 174 724 4 559 145 4 399 082 87 43 84 36 57 nbsp Alberta 4 444 277 3 630 480 3 425 775 81 72 77 11 57 nbsp Saskatchewan 1 179 906 976 094 916 695 82 73 77 70 57 nbsp Manitoba 1 382 904 1 145 269 1 101 542 82 77 79 61 57 nbsp Ontario 14 789 778 12 790 406 12 302 531 86 27 82 98 57 nbsp Quebec 8 585 523 7 907 623 7 206 045 91 90 83 75 57 nbsp New Brunswick 783 721 700 212 661 271 88 72 83 79 57 nbsp Prince Edward Island 160 536 156 154 144 466 95 03 87 92 57 nbsp Nova Scotia 982 326 889 828 842 600 89 70 84 94 57 nbsp Newfoundland and Labrador 520 286 498 432 476 756 95 75 91 59 58 nbsp Yukon 42 596 36 691 35 380 85 36 82 31 57 nbsp Northwest Territories 44 991 41 094 39 663 90 31 87 16 57 nbsp Nunavut 39 536 33 543 29 021 85 13 73 65 57 nbsp Canada 38 131 139 33 364 971 31 580 827 87 24 82 57 57 Variants of concernOn December 26 2020 Ontario announced that two cases of the B 1 1 7 variant had been found in Durham 59 On January 8 2021 the Public Health Agency of Canada announced that the first case of the South African variant had been found in Alberta 60 On February 8 CTV reported that the first case of the P 1 variant out of Brazil had been detected in Toronto 61 On April 21 the B C Ministry of Health announced that they had seen cases of B 1 617 as early as April 4 62 On May 14 Canada added B 1 617 including what is now known as Delta to its variants of concern On May 31 2021 WHO announced that the variant B 1 1 7 was being renamed Alpha P 1 Gamma B 1 617 2 Delta and B 1 351 Beta Early evidence out of Alberta 63 suggests that the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines will continue to be effective against death or hospitalization from the Alpha and Gamma variants A study in Ontario found that the Pfizer vaccine was 95 effective to prevent hospitalization or death from the Alpha Beta and Gamma variants 7 days after the second dose 64 Moderna was 94 effective against Alpha 7 days after the 2nd dose Moderna appeared to be highly effective against Delta A preprint study from epidemiologists David Fisman and Ashleigh Tuite at the University of Toronto found that the Delta variant had a 120 greater risk of hospitalization 287 greater risk of ICU admission and 137 greater risk of death compared to non variant of concern strains of SARS COV 2 65 Number of cases by different variants as of November 4 2023 Variant of concern 66 Number of cases Percentage of all casesAlpha 268 258 39 59 Delta 211 644 31 24 Omicron 174 248 25 72 Gamma 20 979 3 09 Beta 2 416 0 36 Total includedin this data set 677 545 Analysis has been made availableonly for the 14 13 of all 4 795 380 casesGovernment responseFederal As the people of Canada experience profound and rapid changes to their lives we are all concerned about the future It may be difficult to remain hopeful when faced with loss and uncertainty but Canadians have many reasons for optimism even in the most trying times Across Canada countless people continue to care for the most vulnerable and to provide essential services for their fellow citizens I am thankful for their dedication and for the hope it offers In the coming weeks and months the people of Canada will need to continue to work together to ensure the health and vitality of our communities I know that Canadians will remain optimistic and will rise to the challenges ahead My thoughts and prayers are with the people of Canada at this time 67 Elizabeth II Queen of Canada April 5 2020 Public health The federal government activated its Emergency Operations Centre on January 15 2020 49 The federal government s pandemic response is based on two primary documents the Canadian Pandemic Influenza Preparedness planning guidelines which outlines risks and measures to address a viral disease 68 and the Federal Provincial Territorial Public Health Response Plan for Biological Events which includes identifying tracking and ensuring rapid access to medical care 69 As of February 27 the response plan was at level 3 escalated 70 On March 18 the federal Minister of Health Patty Hajdu announced that the federal government had signed an interim order to speed up access to COVID 19 test kits that would allow provincial labs to increase testing The test kits are made by Switzerland based Roche Molecular Systems and Thermo Fisher Scientific 71 According to Health Canada an Interim Order is one of the fastest mechanisms available to the Government of Canada to help make health products available to address larger scale public health emergencies This Interim Order provides the Minister with the flexibility to consider the urgent circumstances relating to the need for the medical device authorizations granted by foreign regulatory authorities or possible new uses for medical devices that are approved in Canada 72 On March 19 the federal government announced that it had added to Trudeau s March 11 announcement of 275 million in funding for an additional 49 projects to bring the total to 96 research projects that will focus on developing and implementing measures to detect manage and reduce the transmission of COVID 19 73 74 On March 20 as part of the announcement on Canada s industrial strategy see below Trudeau stated that the National Research Council would work with small and medium sized companies on health research to fight the virus 75 nbsp Social distancing at Shoppers Drug Mart in Toronto with limited number of shoppers allowed inside the store On March 23 Theresa Tam began appearing in public service announcements on radio and television urging personal hygiene social distancing and against unnecessary travel 76 On April 6 Tam began to suggest that the use of non medical face masks in public could be an additional measure of protection She stated to protect others around you in situations where physical distancing is difficult to maintain but that this is not proven to protect the wearer and is considered complementary to all existing health guidance issued thus far 77 In response to backlogs in COVID 19 testing especially provinces like Ontario Health Canada approved new rapid testing for the virus 78 On November 3 the Public Health Agency of Canada started recommended that people wear non medical masks with three layers including a filter 79 On November 3 Tam said that living with COVID 19 is something that we have to do because it s not going to immediately disappear and the population doesn t have much immunity and went on to say that If cases do occur and accelerate in a community then you have to get at it early because if you let it the virus and the numbers accelerate and keep accelerating you will then end up with more widespread closures So I think as cities or hotspots cool down if you like the restart needs to be carefully thought of 80 Long term care homes Main article Impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on long term care facilities nbsp Thank You Heroes sign at a long term care home in Markham OntarioLong term care homes have been impacted heavily by the pandemic On April 13 Tam reported that at least half of COVID 19 deaths in Canada were linked to long term care homes with the exact number varying by province and that these deaths will continue to increase even as the epidemic growth rate slows down 81 82 Tam cited factors such as outside visitors communal living spaces and staff being transferred among multiple facilities as particular vulnerabilities 83 84 The pandemic has exacerbated pre existing staffing issues at some facilities including underpaid staff and being understaffed in general 85 81 86 On April 28 Tam stated that as many as 79 percent of Canada s COVID 19 fatalities occurred in long term care homes 87 Health Canada issued recommendations for long term care homes They encouraged them to restrict outside visitors and volunteers restrict employees from being transferred between multiple facilities provide personal protective equipment enforce physical distancing during meals screen staff and essential visitors On April 15 Trudeau announced that the federal government planned to provide additional pay to long term care workers 88 89 Canadian Armed Forces Main article Operation Laser In April 2020 the Department of National Defence gave the provinces the option to get Canadian Armed Forces assistance in combating the pandemic in long term care facilities Quebec was the first to act with military personnel arriving on April 17 90 Ontario responded next with Premier Doug Ford requesting military aid on April 22 91 Travel and entry restrictions On March 14 Canada recommended against any international travel and advised those returning from outside of Canada except for essential workers such as flight crew to self isolate for 14 days 92 The Quarantine Act was invoked by Hajdu on March 26 making self isolation a legal mandate for travelers excluding essential workers returning to the country It also prohibits those who are symptomatic from using public transit as transport to their place of self isolation and prohibiting self isolation in settings where they may come in contact with those who are vulnerable people with pre existing conditions and the elderly 93 Since March 16 only Canadian citizens and their immediate families permanent residents and U S citizens had been allowed to enter the country The only exceptions are flight crews diplomats and trade and commerce Travellers showing COVID 19 symptoms were not allowed to board flights into Canada regardless of their citizenship 94 95 International flights to Canada from outside the Caribbean Mexico and the U S were instructed to land at either Calgary International Airport Montreal Trudeau International Airport Toronto Pearson International Airport or Vancouver International Airport 94 95 nbsp An almost empty SkyTrain in Vancouver on a Saturday afternoonFrom March 20 Canada and the United States temporarily restricted all non essential travel across their land border 96 97 The U S did not restrict non essential air travel into the country by Canadians but Americans were prohibited from boarding flights into Canada per U S restrictions a non reciprocal restriction that was criticized as being contradictory 98 On April 16 Trudeau stated that the Canada U S border restrictions would remain in place for a significant amount of time 99 The next day Canada and the United States had agreed to extend their entry restrictions which were to expire on April 21 for an additional 30 days beyond that date 100 On April 20 the federal government introduced the ArriveCAN mobile app which is used to conduct entry screenings and submit documentation use of the app became mandatory in November 101 Since March 30 individuals showing COVID 19 symptoms were to be refused boarding on domestic flights 10 seats or more and passenger trains However it excluded buses and intercity passenger rail services 102 From April 20 all travellers were required to wear face masks while departing and arriving on air travel including during security screenings Those who did not comply were prevented from proceeding 103 As the land border with the United States continued to be closed to non essential travel the Canadian government announced plans in October to allow family members to reunite under compassionate terms 104 Within the country the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador established the Atlantic Bubble restricting travel from other provinces but allowing free movement amongst residents of the member provinces 105 On January 6 2021 the federal government announced that all incoming travellers must present proof of a negative COVID 19 PCR test conducted within 72 hours of their departure time to board flights into Canada 106 On January 29 2021 due to concerns surrounding SARS CoV 2 variants Trudeau announced a series of new travel restrictions Travellers arriving in Canada would be required to receive a COVID 19 PCR test on arrival and must quarantine at an approved hotel at their own expense At the same time they awaited test results or recovery and were subject to increased surveillance during the remainder of the mandatory 14 day quarantine period Foreign flights were only allowed to land in Calgary Montreal Toronto or Vancouver To discourage non essential travel the major airlines agreed to suspend all flights to the Caribbean and Mexico until April 30 2021 107 108 On February 12 it was announced a third PCR test would also be required at the end of the 14 day quarantine period The new rules for international travel went into effect on February 22 109 In July 2021 the government lifted the quarantine requirement for Canadian citizens and permanent residents re entering the country provided they submit proof of vaccination via the ArriveCAN app or website 101 On August 9 2021 Canada reopened its land border to American citizens and permanent residents that are fully vaccinated However the U S land border remained closed to Canadians entering the United States 98 110 until November 8 2021 when the U S began to allow non essential land trav, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
