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2018 Brazilian general election

January 01, 1970

General elections were held in Brazil on 7 October 2018 to elect the president, National Congress and state governors. As no candidate in the presidential election received more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a runoff round was held on 28 October.

2018 Brazilian general election
← 2014
2022 →
Presidential election
7 October 2018 (2018-10-07) (first round)
28 October 2018 (2018-10-28) (second round)
Opinion polls
Turnout79.67% (first round)
78.70% (second round)[1]
 
Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Fernando Haddad
Party PSL PT
Alliance Brazil Above Everything, God Above Everyone The People Happy Again
Running mate Hamilton Mourão Manuela d'Ávila
Popular vote 57,797,847 47,040,906
Percentage 55.13% 44.87%
Presidential election results
President before election

Michel Temer
MDB

Elected President

Jair Bolsonaro
PSL

Chamber of Deputies
All 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
257 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader % Seats +/–
PSL Fernando Francischini 11.65 52 +51
PT Paulo Pimenta 10.30 56 −13
PSDB Nilson Leitão 6.01 29 −25
PSD Domingos Neto 5.85 34 −2
PP Arthur Lira 5.57 37 −1
MDB Baleia Rossi 5.53 34 −32
PSB Tadeu Alencar 5.48 32 −2
PR José Rocha 5.31 33 −1
PRB Celso Russomanno 5.08 30 +9
DEM Rodrigo Garcia 4.66 29 +8
PDT André Figueiredo 4.61 28 +9
PSOL Chico Alencar 2.83 10 +5
NOVO None 2.79 8 New
PODE Diego Garcia 2.28 11 +7
PROS Felipe Bornier 2.08 8 −3
PTB Jovair Arantes 2.06 10 −15
Solidariedade Wladimir Costa 1.99 13 −2
Avante Luis Tibé 1.88 7 +6
PSC Gilberto Nascimento 1.80 8 −5
PV José Luiz Penna 1.62 4 −4
PPS Alex Manente 1.62 8 −2
Patriota Junior Marreca 1.46 5 +3
PHS Marcelo Aro 1.45 6 +1
PCdoB Orlando Silva 1.35 9 −1
PRP None 0.87 4 +1
REDE João Derly 0.83 1 New
PMN None 0.64 3 0
PTC None 0.61 2 0
PPL Uldurico Junior 0.39 1 +1
DC None 0.38 1 −1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Chamber of Deputies election result
Senate
54 of the 81 seats in the Senate
Party Leader % Seats +/–
PT Lindbergh Farias 14.46 6 −6
PSDB Paulo Bauer 11.85 8 −2
PSL None 11.33 4 New
MDB Simone Tebet 7.47 12 −6
DEM Ronaldo Caiado 5.38 6 +1
PSB Antônio Carlos Valadares 4.80 2 −5
PSD Omar Aziz 4.79 7 +4
PDT Acir Gurgacz 4.52 5 −3
PP Ana Amélia Lemos 4.39 6 +1
REDE Randolfe Rodrigues 4.18 5 New
PODE Alvaro Dias 3.21 5 +5
PHS None 2.47 2 New
PSC None 2.41 1 +1
Solidariedade None 2.34 1 0
PR Vicente Alves 1.83 2 −2
PPS Cristovam Buarque 1.72 2 New
PRP None 1.15 1 +1
PTB Armando Monteiro 1.11 3 0
PCdoB Vanessa Grazziotin 0.98 0 −1
PRB Eduardo Lopes 0.88 1 0
PROS Hélio José 0.80 1 0
PTC Fernando Collor 0.13 1 +1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Senate election result
Official 2018 elections logo

The election occurred during a tumultuous time in Brazilian politics. Narrowly re-elected in 2014,[2] President Dilma Rousseff of the centre-left Workers’ Party (PT), which had dominated Brazilian politics since 2002, was impeached in 2016.[3] Replacing her was her Vice President, Michel Temer of the centre-right Brazilian Democratic Movement Party.[4] Temer, whose age of 75 at inauguration made him the oldest to ever take office, broke sharply with his predecessor's policies and amended the constitution to freeze public spending.[5] He was extraordinarily unpopular, reaching an approval rating of 7% versus 76% in favor of his resignation.[6] Despite mass demonstrations against his governance, including a 2017 general strike and a 2018 truck drivers’ strike, Temer refused to step down and served the duration of his term in office.[7] Due to being convicted of breaking campaign finance laws, Temer was ineligible to run in 2018.[8]

The candidacy of Jair Bolsonaro, a controversial federal deputy from Rio de Janeiro known for his far-right politics[9][10][11][12] and defense of the former Brazilian military dictatorship,[13][9][14] overshadowed other conservative candidates. Noted for his vehement opposition to abortion[15] and same-sex marriage,[16][17] Bolsonaro joined the small Social Liberal Party (PSL) to mount his bid for the presidency, shifting the party's ideology in favor of social conservatism and nationalism.[18][19] Bolsonaro benefited from opposition to the former PT government and ran in favor of expanding gun ownership in response to high crime,[20] legalizing the death penalty,[21] and the privatization of state-owned companies.[22][23] For the position of Vice President, Bolsonaro chose Hamilton Mourão, a conservative retired general in the Brazilian Army.[24] During the campaign, Bolsonaro was the subject of widespread protests for his homophobic,[25] racist,[26] and misogynistic[27] beliefs. Former Governor of São Paulo Geraldo Alckmin, who ran as a member of the previously dominant centre-right Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), received the worst result for a presidential nominee of his party in Brazilian history.

Former President Lula da Silva, once considered one of the most popular politicians in the world,[28][29][30] intended to run for president as the candidate of the PT with former Mayor of São Paulo Fernando Haddad as his running-mate.[31] Polling taken during the campaign found Lula as the favorite in both the first and second rounds of the election.[32][33] However, Lula's 2017 conviction on corruption charges barred him from running.[34][35] Haddad, who was largely unknown to Brazilian voters at the time,[36][37] was chosen to run in his place, with Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) deputy Manuela d’Avila of Rio Grande do Sul serving as his running mate.[38] His major opponent on the left was Ciro Gomes, a mainstay of Brazilian politics who ran a centre-left campaign as a member of the Democratic Labour Party (PDT).[39] Following Haddad's advancement to the second round, Ciro did not endorse his campaign, though he did signal opposition to Bolsonaro.[40]

The campaign was marked by political violence, with Bolsonaro being a victim of a stabbing attack at a campaign rally in Minas Gerais[41] and supporters of both Haddad and Bolsonaro falling victim to politically-motivated attacks.[42] Fake news spread on popular messaging app WhatsApp was a focal point of election coverage, with disinformation spread on the app being blamed for influencing voting intentions.[43] In the first round of the election, Bolsonaro received approximately 46% of the vote to Haddad's 29%, with Ciro coming in third place with over 12% of the vote. In the second round, Bolsonaro defeated Haddad by approximately ten percentage points, with the deputy receiving over 55% of the vote to less than 45% for Haddad. Bolsonaro took office on 1 January 2019 as President of Brazil.

Background edit

The 2014 elections saw Workers' Party candidate Dilma Rousseff reelected as President in the second round with 51.6% of the vote, defeating Aécio Neves of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party who received 48.4% of the vote.[2] Rousseff had first been elected in the 2010 elections, succeeding her political mentor, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who was in office from 2003 until 2011.[44]

However, on 3 December 2015, impeachment proceedings against Rousseff were officially accepted by the Chamber of Deputies.[45] On 12 May 2016, the Federal Senate temporarily suspended Rousseff's powers and duties for up to six months or until the Senate reached a verdict: to remove her from office if found guilty or to acquit her from the crimes charged.[46] Vice President Michel Temer, of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, assumed her powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil during the suspension.[47][48] On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted 61–20 in favor of impeachment, finding Rousseff guilty of breaking budgetary laws and removing her from office.[49][50] Critics of the impeachment saw it as a legislative coup d'état.[51] Vice President Temer succeeded Rousseff as the 37th President of Brazil. His government implemented policies that contradicted the platform on which Rousseff's Workers Party had been elected, in one of the most controversial and heated political periods of modern Brazilian history.[52]

Temer was barred from running for a full term in 2018. He had been convicted of campaign law violations in 2016, and was banned from holding any political office for eight years.[53] He was likely ineligible for a full term in any case due to the manner in which constitutional provisions on term limits are worded. The constitution stipulates that if the Vice President becomes Acting President for any reason, it counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. This applies even when the Vice President becomes Acting President whenever the President is abroad.

Electoral system edit

 
Voters lined up waiting for their turn to vote in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul

Voting in Brazil is allowed for citizens over 16 years of age and mandatory for those between 18 and 70 years of age.[54] Those who do not vote in an election and do not later present an acceptable justification (such as being away from their voting location at the time) must pay a fine of 3.51 BRL (equivalent to 0.90 USD in October 2018).[55][56] Brazilian citizens residing abroad only vote for president.[57]

Presidential elections edit

The President and the Vice President of Brazil are elected using the two-round system. Citizens may field their candidacies for the presidency, and participate in the general elections, which are held on the first Sunday in October (in this instance, 7 October 2018).[58] Candidates receiving more than 50% of the overall vote are declared elected. If the 50% threshold is not met by any candidate, a second round of voting is held on the last Sunday in October (in this instance, 28 October 2018). In the second round, only the two most-voted candidates from the first round may participate. The winner of the second round is elected President of Brazil. Candidates for President run for office jointly with a candidate for Vice-President, and the Vice-President is elected as a consequence of the election of the President.[59]

Gubernatorial elections edit

Main article: 2018 Brazilian gubernatorial elections

The Governors and Vice Governors of all states and of the Federal District are elected in the same way as the president, using two rounds of voting if necessary.[60]

Congressional elections edit

Federal Senate elections edit

In 2018, two-thirds of the 81 members of the Federal Senate were elected for a term of 8 years in office, the other third having been elected in 2014. Two candidates will be elected from each of the states and Federal District using majority block voting, with voters able to cast two votes each.[61]

Chamber of Deputies elections edit

All 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies (federal deputies) are elected, with candidates elected from 27 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the states and Federal District, varying in size from eight to 70 seats. The Chamber elections are held using open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the simple quotient.[62]

Legislative Assemblies elections edit

All members of the State Legislative Assemblies (state deputies) and of the Federal District Legislative Chamber (district deputies), varying in size from 24 to 94 seats, will be elected. These elections are also held using open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the simple quotient.[63]

Presidential candidates edit

Candidates in runoff edit

Party Candidate Most relevant political office or occupation Party Running mate Coalition Electoral number Refs.
 

Workers' Party (PT)

 
Fernando Haddad 		Mayor of São Paulo
(2013–2017) 		 

Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB)

 
Manuela d'Ávila 		The People Happy Again 13 [64][65][66]
 

Social Liberal Party (PSL)

 
Jair Bolsonaro 		Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Rio de Janeiro
(1991–2019) 		Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB)  
Hamilton Mourão 		Brazil Above Everything, God Above Everyone 17 [67]

Candidates failing to make runoff edit

Party Candidate Most relevant political office or occupation Party Running mate Coalition Electoral number Refs.
 

Democratic Labour Party (PDT)

 
Ciro Gomes 		Governor of Ceará
(1991–1994) 		 

Democratic Labour Party (PDT)

 
Kátia Abreu 		Sovereign Brazil 12 [68][69]
 

Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB)

 
Henrique Meirelles 		Minister of Finance
(2016–2018) 		 

Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB)

 
Germano Rigotto 		This is the Solution 15 [70]
 

United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)

 
Vera Lúcia Salgado 		Labour organizer  

United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)

 
Hertz Dias 		— 16
 

Sustainability Network (REDE)

 
Marina Silva 		Minister of Environment
(2003–2008) 		 

Green Party (PV)

 
Eduardo Jorge 		United to Transform Brazil 18 [71]
 

Podemos (PODE)

 
Álvaro Dias 		Senator for Paraná
(1999–2019) 		 

Social Christian Party (PSC)

 
Paulo Rabello de Castro 		Real Change 19 [72][73]
 

Christian Democracy (DC)

 
José Maria Eymael 		Member of the Chamber of Deputies for São Paulo
(1986–1995) 		 

Christian Democracy (DC)

 
Hélvio Costa 		— 27 [74]
 

New Party (NOVO)

 
João Amoêdo 		NOVO National President
(2011–2017) 		 

New Party (NOVO)

 
Christian Lohbauer 		— 30 [75]
 

Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)

 
Geraldo Alckmin 		Governor of São Paulo
(2011–2018) 		 

Progressistas (PP)

 
Ana Amélia Lemos 		To Unite Brazil 45 [76][77]
 

Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)

 
Guilherme Boulos 		University professor, activist and writer  

Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)

 
Sônia Guajajara 		Let's Go Without Fear of Changing Brazil 50 [78]
 

Patriota

 
Cabo Daciolo 		Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Rio de Janeiro
(2015–2019) 		 

Patriota

 
Suelene Balduino 		— 51 [79]
 

Free Fatherland Party (PPL)

 
João Goulart Filho 		Member of the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul
(1983–1987) 		 

Free Fatherland Party (PPL)

 
Léo Alves 		— 54

Lost in primaries or conventions edit

Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) edit

Democrats (DEM) edit

Party of National Mobilization (PMN) edit

Social Democratic Party (PSD) edit

Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) edit

Declined to be candidates
Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB)
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB)
Brazilian Republican Party (PRB)
Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)
Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB)
Christian Labour Party (PTC)
Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB)
Democrats (DEM)
Green Party (PV)
Party of the Republic (PR)
Patriota (PATRI)
Popular Socialist Party (PPS)
Progressive Party (PP)
Social Christian Party (PSC)
Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)
Solidarity (SD)
Workers' Party (PT)
Other

Campaign edit

Rejection of Lula's candidacy for re-re-election edit

On 1 September, the Superior Electoral Court voted 6–1 to reject Lula's candidacy for what would be his third term based on the Lei da Ficha Limpa and his conviction on corruption charges, but approved the PT-PCdoB-PROS coalition "The People Happy Again" and the candidacy of Fernando Haddad.[134] The Workers' Party replaced Lula with Haddad and announced former presidential candidate Manuela d'Ávila as his running mate.[135]

Stabbing of Jair Bolsonaro edit

 
Bolsonaro being stabbed at a Juiz de Fora rally

Jair Bolsonaro was stabbed on 6 September 2018 while campaigning in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais and interacting with supporters.[136] Bolsonaro's son, Flávio, stated that his father's wounds were only superficial and he was recovering in hospital.[137] Police arrested and identified the attacker as Adelio Bispo de Oliveira, who claimed that he was "ordered by God to carry out the attack".[138] Flávio Bolsonaro later stated that the wounds inflicted seemed worse than initially thought. He tweeted about his father's condition, explaining that the perforation reached part of the liver, the lung and part of the intestine. He also stated that Bolsonaro had lost a large amount of blood, arriving at the hospital with a pressure of 10/3, but had since stabilized.[136][139][140] Most of the other candidates in the presidential race as well as and the then-Brazilian president, Michel Temer, condemned the attack.[141] After being stabbed, Bolsonaro did not attend any further debates.[142]

Debates edit

Two debates were held on 9 and 17 August, featuring eight presidential candidates: Bolsonaro, Alckmin, Silva, Gomes, Dias, Meirelles, Boulos, and Daciolo. Lula was unable to participate in the debates.[143] The 9 August debate was moderated by Ricardo Boechat,[144] and the 17 August debate was moderated by Amanda Klein, Boris Casoy and Mariana Godoy.[145]

A debate scheduled for 27 August[146] was canceled after Jair Bolsonaro expressed his uncertainty about participating in the debates and the Workers' Party insisted on the participation of Lula, prohibited by the Electoral Justice.[147] Bolsonaro did not participate in further debates after he was attacked on 6 September.[148]

After a debate on 9 September moderated by Maria Lydia Flândoli,[149] Fernando Haddad participated in all remaining debates. These occurred on 20 September (moderated by Joyce Ribeiro),[150] 26 September (moderated by Carlos Nascimento),[151] 30 September (moderated by Adriana Araújo and Celso Freitas),[152] and 4 October (moderated by William Bonner).[153]

A vice presidential debate was held on 5 September featuring four candidates; Fernando Haddad did not attend.[154]

While several debates were scheduled for the second round, none were held. Debates planned for 12 October,[155] 14 October,[156] and 15 October[157] were cancelled due to Bolsonaro's health issues. A debate scheduled for 21 October[158] was cancelled after the campaigns were unable to agree to terms.

Opinion polls edit

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2018 Brazilian general election

Results edit

President edit

 
First Round results
Municipalities won by Jair Bolsonaro:      
Municipalities won by Fernando Haddad:      
Municipalities won by Ciro Gomes:      
 
Second Round results
Municipalities won by Jair Bolsonaro:      
Municipalities won by Fernando Haddad:      
 
Second round results (shaded)
CandidateRunning matePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Jair BolsonaroHamilton Mourão (PRTB)Social Liberal Party49,277,01046.0357,797,84755.13
Fernando HaddadManuela d'Ávila (PCdoB)Workers' Party31,342,05129.2847,040,90644.87
Ciro GomesKátia AbreuDemocratic Labour Party13,344,37112.47
Geraldo AlckminAna Amélia (PP)Brazilian Social Democracy Party5,096,3504.76
João AmoêdoChristian LohbauerNew Party2,679,7452.50
Cabo DacioloSuelene BalduinoPatriota1,348,3231.26
Henrique MeirellesGermano RigottoBrazilian Democratic Movement1,288,9501.20
Marina SilvaEduardo Jorge (PV)Sustainability Network1,069,5781.00
Alvaro DiasPaulo Rabello de Castro (PSC)Podemos859,6010.80
Guilherme BoulosSônia GuajajaraSocialism and Liberty Party617,1220.58
Vera LúciaHertz DiasUnited Socialist Workers' Party55,7620.05
José Maria EymaelHélvio CostaChristian Democracy41,7100.04
João Vicente GoulartLéo DiasFree Fatherland Party30,1760.03
Total107,050,749100.00104,838,753100.00
Valid votes107,050,74991.21104,838,75390.43
Invalid/blank votes10,313,1598.7911,094,6989.57
Total votes117,363,908100.00115,933,451100.00
Registered voters/turnout147,306,29579.67147,306,29478.70
Source: TSE

By state edit

First round edit

Department Bolsonaro Haddad Gomes Alckmin Others
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Acre 262,508 62.24% 78,170 18.53% 21,809 5.17% 33,115 7.85% 26,176 6.21%
Alagoas 528,355 34.40% 687,247 44.75% 155,457 10.12% 58,580 3.81% 106,107 6.92%
Amapá 166,935 40.74% 134,287 32.77% 50,553 12.34% 19,241 4.70% 38,741 9.45%
Amazonas 805,902 43.48% 746,998 40.30% 138,997 7.50% 29,190 1.57% 132,504 7.15%
Bahia 1,725,140 23.41% 4,441,955 60.28% 693,273 9.41% 172,900 2.35% 335,277 4.55%
Ceará 1,061,075 21.74% 1,616,492 33.12% 1,998,597 40.95% 53,157 1.09% 150,834 3.10%
Federal District 936,494 58.37% 90,508 11.87% 266,272 16.60% 53,640 3.34% 157,603 9.82%
Espírito Santo 1,122,131 54.76% 495,868 24.20% 195,553 9.54% 79,049 3.86% 156,547 7.64%
Goiás 1,868,686 57.24% 713,535 21.86% 280,864 8.60% 146,440 4.49% 255,264 7.81%
Maranhão 817,511 24.28% 2,062,592 61.26% 282,467 8.39% 50,653 1.50% 153,648 4.57%
Mato Grosso 981,119 60.04% 404,604 24.76% 91,344 5.59% 67,498 4.13% 89,571 5.48%
Mato Grosso do Sul 769,116 55.06% 333,407 23.87% 112,296 8.04% 90,897 6.51% 91,229 6.52%
Minas Gerais 5,308,047 48.31% 3,037,957 27.65% 1,278,819 11.64% 506,490 4.61% 856,301 7.79%
Pará 1,499,294 36.19% 1,714,822 41.39% 415,593 10.03% 229,122 5.53% 283,904 6.86%
Paraíba 677,718 31.30% 984,398 45.46% 362,775 16.75% 51,334 2.37% 89,319 4.12%
Paraná 3,496,448 56.89% 1,210,974 19.70% 510,541 8.31% 220,744 3.59% 706,982 11.51%
Pernambuco 1,444,685 30.57% 2,309,104 48.87% 640,860 13.56% 77,987 1.65% 252,580 5.35%
Piauí 346,944 18.76% 1,172,147 63.40% 211,240 11.42% 47,974 2.59% 70,638 3.83%
Rio de Janeiro 5,107,735 59.79% 1,255,425 14.69% 1,300,292 15.22% 208,325 2.44% 671,616 7.86%
Rio Grande do Norte 541,448 30.21% 738,165 41.19% 399,766 22.31% 40,405 2.25% 72,469 4.04%
Rio Grande do Sul 3,353,623 52.63% 1,453,291 22.81% 724,429 11.37% 350,800 5.50% 490,293 7.69%
Rondônia 538,311 62.24% 176,107 20.36% 52,118 6.03% 37,048 4.28% 61,317 7.09%
Roraima 174,306 62.97% 49,406 17.85% 14,838 5.36% 19,231 6.95% 19,007 6.87%
Santa Catarina 2,603,665 65.82% 598,578 15.13% 264,312 6.68% 154,068 3.89% 335,160 8.48%
São Paulo (state) 12,378,012 53.00% 3,833,982 16.42% 2,650,440 11.35% 2,224,049 9.52% 2,266,296 9.71%
Sergipe 310,310 27.21% 571,234 50.09% 148,526 13.02% 45,978 4.03% 64,332 5.65%
Tocantins 337,782 44.64% 311,212 41.12% 54,262 7.17% 21,666 2.86% 31,838 4.21%
Diaspora 113,690 58.79% 19,540 10.10% 28,073 14.52% 6,668 3.45% 25,410 13.14%
Source: G1

Second round edit

Department Bolsonaro Haddad
Votes % Votes %
Acre 294,899 77.22% 86,977 22.78%
Alagoas 610,093 40.08% 912,034 59.92%
Amapá 185,096 50.20% 183,616 49.80%
Amazonas 885,401 50.27% 875,845 49.73%
Bahia 2,060,382 27.31% 5,484,901 72.69%
Ceará 1,384,591 28.89% 3,407,526 71.11%
Federal District 1,080,411 69.99% 463,340 30.01%
Espírito Santo 1,276,611 63.06% 747,768 36.94%
Goiás 2,124,739 65.52% 1,118,060 34.48%
Maranhão 886,565 26.74% 2,428,913 73.26%
Mato Grosso 1,085,824 66.42% 549,001 33.58%
Mato Grosso do Sul 872,049 65.22% 465,025 34.78%
Minas Gerais 6,100,107 58.19% 4,382,952 41.81%
Pará 1,742,188 45.19% 2,112,769 54.81%
Paraíba 782,143 35.02% 1,451,293 64.98%
Paraná 4,224,416 68.43% 1,948,790 31.57%
Pernambuco 1,661,163 33.50% 3,297,944 66.50%
Piauí 422,095 22.95% 1,417,113 77.05%
Rio de Janeiro 5,669,059 67.95% 2,673,386 32.05%
Rio Grande do Norte 652,562 36.59% 1,131,027 63.41%
Rio Grande do Sul 3,893,737 63.24% 2,263,171 36.76%
Rondônia 594,968 72.18% 229,343 27.82%
Roraima 183,268 71.55% 72.872 28.45%
Santa Catarina 2,966,242 75.92% 940,724 24.08%
São Paulo (state) 15,306,023 67.97% 7,212,132 32.03%
Sergipe 364,860 32.46% 759,061 67.54%
Tocantins 356,684 48.98% 371,593 51.02%
Diaspora
Source: G1

Voter demographics edit

Demographic group Bolsonaro Haddad % of
total vote
Total vote 55 45 100
Gender
Men 60 40 47
Women 50 50 53
Age
16–24 years old 50 50 15
25–34 years old 56 44 21
35-44 years old 56 44 21
45-59 years old 54 46 24
60 and older 56 44 19
Education
Less than high school 44 56 33
High school diploma 58 42 43
Bachelor's degree or more 61 39 24
Family income
Under 2x min wage 42 58 40
2-5x min wage 61 39 38
5-10x min wage 69 31 12
Over 10x min wage 67 33 10
Region
Southeast 63 37 44
South 65 35 15
Northeast 32 68 27
Central-West 66 34 7
North 55 45 7
Source: Datafolha

Chamber of Deputies edit

 
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Social Liberal Party11,457,87811.6552+51
Workers' Party10,126,61110.3056–13
Brazilian Social Democracy Party5,905,5416.0129–25
Social Democratic Party5,749,0085.8534–2
Progressistas5,480,0675.5737–1
Brazilian Democratic Movement5,439,1675.5334–32
Brazilian Socialist Party5,386,4005.4832–2
Party of the Republic5,224,5915.3133–1
Brazilian Republican Party4,992,0165.0830+9
Democrats4,581,1624.6629+8
Democratic Labour Party4,545,8464.6228+9
Socialism and Liberty Party2,783,6692.8310+5
New Party2,748,0792.798New
Podemos2,243,3202.2811+7
Republican Party of the Social Order2,042,6102.088–3
Brazilian Labour Party2,022,7192.0610–15
Solidariedade1,953,0671.9913–2
Avante1,844,0481.887+6
Social Christian Party1,765,2261.808–5
Green Party1,592,1731.624–4
Popular Socialist Party1,590,0841.628–2
Patriota1,432,3041.465+3
Humanist Party of Solidarity1,426,4441.456+1
Communist Party of Brazil1,329,5751.359–1
Progressive Republican Party851,3680.874+1
Sustainability Network816,7840.831New
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party684,9760.700–1
Party of National Mobilization634,1290.6430
Christian Labour Party601,8140.6120
Free Fatherland Party385,1970.391+1
Christian Democracy369,3860.381–1
Brazilian Woman's Party228,3020.230New
Brazilian Communist Party61,3430.0600
United Socialist Workers' Party41,3040.0400
Workers' Cause Party2,7850.0000
Total98,338,993100.005130
Valid votes98,338,99383.97
Invalid/blank votes18,771,73716.03
Total votes117,110,730100.00
Registered voters/turnout146,750,52979.80
Source: Election Resources

Senate edit

 
PartyVotes%Seats
WonTotal+/–
Workers' Party24,785,67014.4646–6
Brazilian Social Democracy Party20,310,55811.8549–1
Social Liberal Party19,413,86911.3344New
Brazilian Democratic Movement12,800,2907.47712–6
Democrats9,218,6585.3846+1
Brazilian Socialist Party8,234,1954.8022–5
Social Democratic Party8,202,3424.7947+4
Democratic Labour Party7,737,9824.5224–4
Progressistas7,529,9014.39550
Sustainability Network7,166,0034.1855New
Podemos5,494,1253.2115+5
Socialism and Liberty Party5,273,8533.0800–1
Humanist Party of Solidarity4,228,9732.4722New
Social Christian Party4,126,0682.4111+1
Solidariedade4,001,9032.34110
New Party3,467,7462.0200New
Party of the Republic3,130,0821.8312–2
Popular Socialist Party2,954,8001.7222New
Progressive Republican Party1,974,0611.1511+1
Brazilian Labour Party1,899,8381.11230
Communist Party of Brazil1,673,1900.9800–1
Brazilian Republican Party1,505,6070.88110
Republican Party of the Social Order1,370,5130.80110
Green Party1,226,3920.7200–1
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party886,2670.52000
Avante731,3790.43000
Free Fatherland Party504,2090.29000
United Socialist Workers' Party413,9140.24000
Party of National Mobilization329,9730.19000
Brazilian Communist Party256,6550.15000
Christian Labour Party222,9310.1301+1
Christian Democracy154,0680.09000
Patriota60,5890.04000
Brazilian Woman's Party51,0270.0300New
Workers' Cause Party38,6910.02000
Independent00.0001+1
Total171,376,322100.0054810
Total votes117,111,478–
Registered voters/turnout146,750,52979.80
Source: Election Resources, G1

Aftermath and reactions edit

Main article: Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro

Americas edit

Argentina edit

  • President Mauricio Macri congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory, stating that, "I hope we will work together soon for the relationship between our countries and the welfare of Argentines and Brazilians."[159]

Bolivia edit

  • President Evo Morales expressed his congratulations, "we greet the brother people of Brazil for their democratic participation in the second round of presidential elections in which Jair Bolsonaro was elected, to whom we extend our recognition. Bolivia and Brazil are brother peoples with deep integration ties."[160]

Chile edit

  • President Sebastián Piñera expressed his congratulations on Twitter, "congratulations to the Brazilian people for a clean and democratic election. I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for your great electoral triumph."[160]

Colombia edit

  • President Iván Duque praised Bolsonaro on Twitter. "Congratulations to Jair Bolsonaro, the new democratically elected president of Brazil. Our wish for this new stage of the neighboring country to be one of well-being and unity. We look forward to continuing our fellowship relationship to strengthen political, commercial and cultural ties."[161]

Costa Rica edit

  • President Carlos Alvarado using his official Twitter account expressed: "Costa Rica ratifies its willingness to work with Brazil in favor of inclusion, economic growth and respect for the rights of all people, as well as to achieve the sustainable development of the region."[162]

Ecuador edit

  • President Lenín Moreno expressed on Twitter, "More congratulations to the Brazilian people for this new democratic feat. Best wishes for new President Jair Bolsonaro."[163]

Mexico edit

  • President Enrique Peña Nieto praised Bolsonaro on Twitter. "On behalf of the people and the Government of Mexico, I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for his election as President of the Federative Republic of Brazil, on an exemplary day that reflects the democratic strength of that country."[160]

Paraguay edit

  • President Mario Abdo Benítez expressed on Twitter, "congratulations to the people of Brazil and their elected president Jair Bolsonaro for this election! We want to work together for stronger democracies in the region, with strengthened institutions and always looking for the prosperity of our peoples!"[160]

Peru edit

  • President Martín Vizcarra congratulated Bolsonaro on his election, "I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for his election as president of Brazil and I wish him the greatest success in his administration. I express my willingness to work together to deepen our fraternal bilateral relationship."[160]

United States edit

  • President Donald Trump congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory. Trump and Bolsonaro both agreed to work side-by-side to improve the lives of the people of the United States and Brazil, and as regional leaders, of the Americas.[164]

Asia edit

China edit

  • President Xi Jinping congratulated Bolsonaro on his election, and said that his country was willing to "respect the fundamental interests" of both nations. He also congratulated the statements made by Bolsonaro shortly after winning the elections, in which he assured that Brazil will maintain ties with China, its main trading partner, regardless of its ideological differences.[165]

Europe edit

France edit

  • President Emmanuel Macron congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory, added that France would look to continue to cooperate with Brazil on areas including environmental issues. “France and Brazil have a strategic partnership based around common values of respect and the promotion of democratic principles,” added Macron in his statement.[166]
  • President of the National Rally Party Marine Le Pen praised Bolsonaro on his election victory, "Brazilians just punished the widespread corruption and terrifying crime that thrived during far left governments. Good luck to President Bolsonaro who will have to re-establish Brazil's very compromised economic, security and democratic situation."[163]

Germany edit

  • According to an official publication, the Chancellor Angela Merkel said she "hopes that their cooperation will continue to be based on democratic values and the rule of law. Two countries have long been linked by friendly relations and common interests."[167]

Russia edit

  • According to an official publication from the Kremlin, President Vladimir Putin: "praised the significant experience of mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation in various spheres that Russia and Brazil have acquired as part of their strategic collaboration" and "expressed confidence in the further promotion of the entire complex of Russian-Brazilian ties as well as constructive cooperation in the framework of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS and other multilateral organisations in the interests of the Russian and Brazilian people."[168]

Italy edit

  • Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini praised Bolsonaro on Twitter. "In Brazil citizens expelled the left! Good job for President Bolsonaro, the friendship between our peoples and government will be even stronger".[169]

Spain edit

  • Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez expressed on Twitter, "The Brazilian people have decided their future for years to come. The challenges will be huge. Brazil will always count on Spain to achieve a more egalitarian and fairer Latin America, the hope that will illuminate the decisions of any ruler."[163]

Middle East edit

Israel edit

  • Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory, stating that, "I am confident that your election will bring great friendship between the two peoples and strengthen the ties between Brazil and Israel."[170]

See also edit

Notes edit

References edit

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Further reading edit

  • Amaral, Oswald E. “The Victory of Jair Bolsonaro According to the Brazilian Electoral Study of 2018.” Brazilian Political Science Review (2020). 14 (1): e0004 -1/13 online
  • Bloch, Agata, and Marco Vallada Lemonte. "Introduction to the Meteoric Political Rise of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro Under a Crisis of the 'Brazilianness'." Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik Analityczno-Informacyjny 4.106 (2020): 1-22. online 15 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  • Boito, Armando. "Reform and Political Crisis in Brazil: Class Conflicts in Workers' Party Governments and the Rise of Bolsonaro Neo-fascism." in Reform and Political Crisis in Brazil (Brill, 2021).
  • Chagas-Bastos, Fabrício H. "Political realignment in Brazil: Jair Bolsonaro and the right turn." Revista de Estudios Sociales 69 (2019): 92-100. online[permanent dead link]
  • Da Silva, Antonio José Bacelar, and Erika Robb Larkins. "The Bolsonaro election, antiblackness, and changing race relations in Brazil." Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 24.4 (2019): 893-913. online
  • Duque, Debora, and Amy Erica Smith. "The Establishment Upside Down: A Year of Change in Brazil." Revista de Ciencia Política 39.2 (2019). online
  • Layton, Matthew L., et al. "Demographic polarization and the rise of the far right: Brazil's 2018 presidential election." Research & Politics 8.1 (2021): 2053168021990204. online
  • Santana, Carlos Henrique Vieira, and Marcela Nogueira Ferrario. "Crafting Negative Partisanship in Brazil and the Rise of Bolsonaro in the 2018 Election." (2021) online.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2018 elections in Brazil.

Official campaign websites edit

  • Álvaro Dias (PODE, PSC, PTC, PRP) para Presidente
  • Vera Lúcia (PSTU) para Presidente
  • Marina Silva (REDE, PV) para Presidente

Infographics edit

  • Map of first round results divided by electoral zones

January 01, 1970
2018, brazilian, general, election, general, elections, were, held, brazil, october, 2018, elect, president, national, congress, state, governors, candidate, presidential, election, received, more, than, vote, first, round, runoff, round, held, october, 201420. General elections were held in Brazil on 7 October 2018 to elect the president National Congress and state governors As no candidate in the presidential election received more than 50 of the vote in the first round a runoff round was held on 28 October 2018 Brazilian general election 20142022 Presidential election7 October 2018 2018 10 07 first round 28 October 2018 2018 10 28 second round Opinion pollsTurnout79 67 first round 78 70 second round 1 Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Fernando Haddad Party PSL PT Alliance Brazil Above Everything God Above Everyone The People Happy Again Running mate Hamilton Mourao Manuela d Avila Popular vote 57 797 847 47 040 906 Percentage 55 13 44 87 Second round shaded according to vote shareFirst round shaded according to vote sharePresidential election resultsPresident before election Michel Temer MDB Elected President Jair Bolsonaro PSLChamber of DeputiesAll 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies257 seats needed for a majorityParty Leader Seats PSL Fernando Francischini 11 65 52 51 PT Paulo Pimenta 10 30 56 13 PSDB Nilson Leitao 6 01 29 25 PSD Domingos Neto 5 85 34 2 PP Arthur Lira 5 57 37 1 MDB Baleia Rossi 5 53 34 32 PSB Tadeu Alencar 5 48 32 2 PR Jose Rocha 5 31 33 1 PRB Celso Russomanno 5 08 30 9 DEM Rodrigo Garcia 4 66 29 8 PDT Andre Figueiredo 4 61 28 9 PSOL Chico Alencar 2 83 10 5 NOVO None 2 79 8 New PODE Diego Garcia 2 28 11 7 PROS Felipe Bornier 2 08 8 3 PTB Jovair Arantes 2 06 10 15 Solidariedade Wladimir Costa 1 99 13 2 Avante Luis Tibe 1 88 7 6 PSC Gilberto Nascimento 1 80 8 5 PV Jose Luiz Penna 1 62 4 4 PPS Alex Manente 1 62 8 2 Patriota Junior Marreca 1 46 5 3 PHS Marcelo Aro 1 45 6 1 PCdoB Orlando Silva 1 35 9 1 PRP None 0 87 4 1 REDE Joao Derly 0 83 1 New PMN None 0 64 3 0 PTC None 0 61 2 0 PPL Uldurico Junior 0 39 1 1 DC None 0 38 1 1 This lists parties that won seats See the complete results below Chamber of Deputies election resultSenate54 of the 81 seats in the SenateParty Leader Seats PT Lindbergh Farias 14 46 6 6 PSDB Paulo Bauer 11 85 8 2 PSL None 11 33 4 New MDB Simone Tebet 7 47 12 6 DEM Ronaldo Caiado 5 38 6 1 PSB Antonio Carlos Valadares 4 80 2 5 PSD Omar Aziz 4 79 7 4 PDT Acir Gurgacz 4 52 5 3 PP Ana Amelia Lemos 4 39 6 1 REDE Randolfe Rodrigues 4 18 5 New PODE Alvaro Dias 3 21 5 5 PHS None 2 47 2 New PSC None 2 41 1 1 Solidariedade None 2 34 1 0 PR Vicente Alves 1 83 2 2 PPS Cristovam Buarque 1 72 2 New PRP None 1 15 1 1 PTB Armando Monteiro 1 11 3 0 PCdoB Vanessa Grazziotin 0 98 0 1 PRB Eduardo Lopes 0 88 1 0 PROS Helio Jose 0 80 1 0 PTC Fernando Collor 0 13 1 1 This lists parties that won seats See the complete results below Senate election resultOfficial 2018 elections logo The election occurred during a tumultuous time in Brazilian politics Narrowly re elected in 2014 2 President Dilma Rousseff of the centre left Workers Party PT which had dominated Brazilian politics since 2002 was impeached in 2016 3 Replacing her was her Vice President Michel Temer of the centre right Brazilian Democratic Movement Party 4 Temer whose age of 75 at inauguration made him the oldest to ever take office broke sharply with his predecessor s policies and amended the constitution to freeze public spending 5 He was extraordinarily unpopular reaching an approval rating of 7 versus 76 in favor of his resignation 6 Despite mass demonstrations against his governance including a 2017 general strike and a 2018 truck drivers strike Temer refused to step down and served the duration of his term in office 7 Due to being convicted of breaking campaign finance laws Temer was ineligible to run in 2018 8 The candidacy of Jair Bolsonaro a controversial federal deputy from Rio de Janeiro known for his far right politics 9 10 11 12 and defense of the former Brazilian military dictatorship 13 9 14 overshadowed other conservative candidates Noted for his vehement opposition to abortion 15 and same sex marriage 16 17 Bolsonaro joined the small Social Liberal Party PSL to mount his bid for the presidency shifting the party s ideology in favor of social conservatism and nationalism 18 19 Bolsonaro benefited from opposition to the former PT government and ran in favor of expanding gun ownership in response to high crime 20 legalizing the death penalty 21 and the privatization of state owned companies 22 23 For the position of Vice President Bolsonaro chose Hamilton Mourao a conservative retired general in the Brazilian Army 24 During the campaign Bolsonaro was the subject of widespread protests for his homophobic 25 racist 26 and misogynistic 27 beliefs Former Governor of Sao Paulo Geraldo Alckmin who ran as a member of the previously dominant centre right Brazilian Social Democracy Party PSDB received the worst result for a presidential nominee of his party in Brazilian history Former President Lula da Silva once considered one of the most popular politicians in the world 28 29 30 intended to run for president as the candidate of the PT with former Mayor of Sao Paulo Fernando Haddad as his running mate 31 Polling taken during the campaign found Lula as the favorite in both the first and second rounds of the election 32 33 However Lula s 2017 conviction on corruption charges barred him from running 34 35 Haddad who was largely unknown to Brazilian voters at the time 36 37 was chosen to run in his place with Communist Party of Brazil PCdoB deputy Manuela d Avila of Rio Grande do Sul serving as his running mate 38 His major opponent on the left was Ciro Gomes a mainstay of Brazilian politics who ran a centre left campaign as a member of the Democratic Labour Party PDT 39 Following Haddad s advancement to the second round Ciro did not endorse his campaign though he did signal opposition to Bolsonaro 40 The campaign was marked by political violence with Bolsonaro being a victim of a stabbing attack at a campaign rally in Minas Gerais 41 and supporters of both Haddad and Bolsonaro falling victim to politically motivated attacks 42 Fake news spread on popular messaging app WhatsApp was a focal point of election coverage with disinformation spread on the app being blamed for influencing voting intentions 43 In the first round of the election Bolsonaro received approximately 46 of the vote to Haddad s 29 with Ciro coming in third place with over 12 of the vote In the second round Bolsonaro defeated Haddad by approximately ten percentage points with the deputy receiving over 55 of the vote to less than 45 for Haddad Bolsonaro took office on 1 January 2019 as President of Brazil Contents 1 Background 2 Electoral system 2 1 Presidential elections 2 2 Gubernatorial elections 2 3 Congressional elections 2 3 1 Federal Senate elections 2 3 2 Chamber of Deputies elections 2 4 Legislative Assemblies elections 3 Presidential candidates 3 1 Candidates in runoff 3 2 Candidates failing to make runoff 3 3 Lost in primaries or conventions 3 3 1 Brazilian Social Democracy Party PSDB 3 3 2 Democrats DEM 3 3 3 Party of National Mobilization PMN 3 3 4 Social Democratic Party PSD 3 3 5 Socialism and Liberty Party PSOL 4 Campaign 4 1 Rejection of Lula s candidacy for re re election 4 2 Stabbing of Jair Bolsonaro 4 3 Debates 5 Opinion polls 6 Results 6 1 President 6 2 By state 6 2 1 First round 6 2 2 Second round 6 2 3 Voter demographics 6 3 Chamber of Deputies 6 4 Senate 7 Aftermath and reactions 7 1 Americas 7 1 1 Argentina 7 1 2 Bolivia 7 1 3 Chile 7 1 4 Colombia 7 1 5 Costa Rica 7 1 6 Ecuador 7 1 7 Mexico 7 1 8 Paraguay 7 1 9 Peru 7 1 10 United States 7 2 Asia 7 2 1 China 7 3 Europe 7 3 1 France 7 3 2 Germany 7 3 3 Russia 7 3 4 Italy 7 3 5 Spain 7 4 Middle East 7 4 1 Israel 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links 12 1 Official campaign websites 12 2 InfographicsBackground editThe 2014 elections saw Workers Party candidate Dilma Rousseff reelected as President in the second round with 51 6 of the vote defeating Aecio Neves of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party who received 48 4 of the vote 2 Rousseff had first been elected in the 2010 elections succeeding her political mentor Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva who was in office from 2003 until 2011 44 However on 3 December 2015 impeachment proceedings against Rousseff were officially accepted by the Chamber of Deputies 45 On 12 May 2016 the Federal Senate temporarily suspended Rousseff s powers and duties for up to six months or until the Senate reached a verdict to remove her from office if found guilty or to acquit her from the crimes charged 46 Vice President Michel Temer of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party assumed her powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil during the suspension 47 48 On 31 August 2016 the Senate voted 61 20 in favor of impeachment finding Rousseff guilty of breaking budgetary laws and removing her from office 49 50 Critics of the impeachment saw it as a legislative coup d etat 51 Vice President Temer succeeded Rousseff as the 37th President of Brazil His government implemented policies that contradicted the platform on which Rousseff s Workers Party had been elected in one of the most controversial and heated political periods of modern Brazilian history 52 Temer was barred from running for a full term in 2018 He had been convicted of campaign law violations in 2016 and was banned from holding any political office for eight years 53 He was likely ineligible for a full term in any case due to the manner in which constitutional provisions on term limits are worded The constitution stipulates that if the Vice President becomes Acting President for any reason it counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms This applies even when the Vice President becomes Acting President whenever the President is abroad Electoral system edit nbsp Voters lined up waiting for their turn to vote in Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Voting in Brazil is allowed for citizens over 16 years of age and mandatory for those between 18 and 70 years of age 54 Those who do not vote in an election and do not later present an acceptable justification such as being away from their voting location at the time must pay a fine of 3 51 BRL equivalent to 0 90 USD in October 2018 55 56 Brazilian citizens residing abroad only vote for president 57 Presidential elections edit The President and the Vice President of Brazil are elected using the two round system Citizens may field their candidacies for the presidency and participate in the general elections which are held on the first Sunday in October in this instance 7 October 2018 58 Candidates receiving more than 50 of the overall vote are declared elected If the 50 threshold is not met by any candidate a second round of voting is held on the last Sunday in October in this instance 28 October 2018 In the second round only the two most voted candidates from the first round may participate The winner of the second round is elected President of Brazil Candidates for President run for office jointly with a candidate for Vice President and the Vice President is elected as a consequence of the election of the President 59 Gubernatorial elections edit Main article 2018 Brazilian gubernatorial elections The Governors and Vice Governors of all states and of the Federal District are elected in the same way as the president using two rounds of voting if necessary 60 Congressional elections edit Federal Senate elections edit In 2018 two thirds of the 81 members of the Federal Senate were elected for a term of 8 years in office the other third having been elected in 2014 Two candidates will be elected from each of the states and Federal District using majority block voting with voters able to cast two votes each 61 Chamber of Deputies elections edit All 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies federal deputies are elected with candidates elected from 27 multi member constituencies corresponding to the states and Federal District varying in size from eight to 70 seats The Chamber elections are held using open list proportional representation with seats allocated using the simple quotient 62 Legislative Assemblies elections edit All members of the State Legislative Assemblies state deputies and of the Federal District Legislative Chamber district deputies varying in size from 24 to 94 seats will be elected These elections are also held using open list proportional representation with seats allocated using the simple quotient 63 Presidential candidates editCandidates in runoff edit Party Candidate Most relevant political office or occupation Party Running mate Coalition Electoral number Refs nbsp Workers Party PT nbsp Fernando Haddad Mayor of Sao Paulo 2013 2017 nbsp Communist Party of Brazil PCdoB nbsp Manuela d Avila The People Happy Again Workers Party PT Republican Party of the Social Order PROS Communist Party of Brazil PCdoB 13 64 65 66 nbsp Social Liberal Party PSL nbsp Jair Bolsonaro Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Rio de Janeiro 1991 2019 Brazilian Labour Renewal Party PRTB nbsp Hamilton Mourao Brazil Above Everything God Above Everyone Social Liberal Party PSL Brazilian Labour Renewal Party PRTB 17 67 Candidates failing to make runoff edit Party Candidate Most relevant political office or occupation Party Running mate Coalition Electoral number Refs nbsp Democratic Labour Party PDT nbsp Ciro Gomes Governor of Ceara 1991 1994 nbsp Democratic Labour Party PDT nbsp Katia Abreu Sovereign Brazil Democratic Labour Party PDT Avante 12 68 69 nbsp Brazilian Democratic Movement MDB nbsp Henrique Meirelles Minister of Finance 2016 2018 nbsp Brazilian Democratic Movement MDB nbsp Germano Rigotto This is the Solution Brazilian Democratic Movement MDB Humanist Party of Solidarity PHS 15 70 nbsp United Socialist Workers Party PSTU nbsp Vera Lucia Salgado Labour organizer nbsp United Socialist Workers Party PSTU nbsp Hertz Dias 16 nbsp Sustainability Network REDE nbsp Marina Silva Minister of Environment 2003 2008 nbsp Green Party PV nbsp Eduardo Jorge United to Transform Brazil Sustainability Network REDE Green Party PV 18 71 nbsp Podemos PODE nbsp Alvaro Dias Senator for Parana 1999 2019 nbsp Social Christian Party PSC nbsp Paulo Rabello de Castro Real Change Podemos PODE Social Christian Party PSC Christian Labour Party PTC Progressive Republican Party PRP 19 72 73 nbsp Christian Democracy DC nbsp Jose Maria Eymael Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Sao Paulo 1986 1995 nbsp Christian Democracy DC nbsp Helvio Costa 27 74 nbsp New Party NOVO nbsp Joao Amoedo NOVO National President 2011 2017 nbsp New Party NOVO nbsp Christian Lohbauer 30 75 nbsp Brazilian Social Democracy Party PSDB nbsp Geraldo Alckmin Governor of Sao Paulo 2011 2018 nbsp Progressistas PP nbsp Ana Amelia Lemos To Unite Brazil Brazilian Social Democracy Party PSDB Democrats DEM Progressistas PP Party of the Republic PR Brazilian Republican Party PRB Solidariedade Brazilian Labour Party PTB Social Democratic Party PSD Popular Socialist Party PPS 45 76 77 nbsp Socialism and Liberty Party PSOL nbsp Guilherme Boulos University professor activist and writer nbsp Socialism and Liberty Party PSOL nbsp Sonia Guajajara Let s Go Without Fear of Changing Brazil Socialism and Liberty Party PSOL Brazilian Communist Party PCB 50 78 nbsp Patriota nbsp Cabo Daciolo Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Rio de Janeiro 2015 2019 nbsp Patriota nbsp Suelene Balduino 51 79 nbsp Free Fatherland Party PPL nbsp Joao Goulart Filho Member of the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul 1983 1987 nbsp Free Fatherland Party PPL nbsp Leo Alves 54 Lost in primaries or conventions edit Brazilian Social Democracy Party PSDB edit Arthur Virgilio Neto Mayor of Manaus 1989 1992 2013 80 81 Democrats DEM edit Ronaldo Caiado Senator for Goias 2015 82 Antonio Carlos Magalhaes Neto Mayor of Salvador 2013 President of the Democrats 2018 83 Mendonca Filho Minister of Education 2016 2018 84 Party of National Mobilization PMN edit Valeria Monteiro journalist model actress and television presenter 85 86 Social Democratic Party PSD edit Guilherme Afif Domingos former Vice Governor of Sao Paulo 2011 15 87 88 Socialism and Liberty Party PSOL edit Plinio de Arruda Sampaio Jr economist and professor at University of Campinas 89 son of late 2010 nominee Plinio de Arruda Sampaio Hamilton Assis former leader of Central Unica dos Trabalhadores of Bahia 1993 1996 89 Nildo Ouriques economist and professor at UFSC 89 Sonia Guajajara indigenous activist and militant ecosocialist 89 90 Declined to be candidatesBrazilian Democratic Movement MDB Roberto Requiao Senator for Parana 1995 2002 and 2011 91 92 Germano Rigotto former Governor of Rio Grande do Sul 2003 07 93 94 Brazilian Labour Renewal Party PRTB Levy Fidelix President of the PRTB 1994 and nominee for President in 2010 and 2014 74 Antonio Hamilton Mourao Brazilian Army general 95 Brazilian Republican Party PRB Flavio Rocha CEO and Chairman of Lojas Riachuelo 2005 and former Federal Deputy for Rio Grande do Norte 1987 95 96 Brazilian Social Democracy Party PSDB Joao Doria former Mayor of Sao Paulo 2017 18 97 98 Aecio Neves Senator for Minas Gerais 2010 and nominee for President in 2014 99 Jose Serra Senator for Sao Paulo 1996 1998 2002 03 2015 16 and 2017 and nominee for President in 2002 and 2010 100 Brazilian Socialist Party PSB Joaquim Barbosa former Minister of the Supreme Federal Court 2003 14 101 Christian Labour Party PTC Fernando Collor de Mello former President of Brazil 1990 92 and Senator for Alagoas 2007 102 103 104 Communist Party of Brazil PCdoB Manuela d Avila former Federal Deputy for Rio Grande do Sul 2007 2015 66 Flavio Dino Governor of Maranhao 2015 105 Democrats DEM Rodrigo Maia President of the Chamber of Deputies 2016 and Federal Deputy for Rio Grande do Sul 1999 106 107 108 109 Green Party PV Eduardo Jorge former Federal Deputy for Sao Paulo 1987 2003 110 111 112 Party of the Republic PR Josue Gomes President of the Coteminas Company 108 113 114 Magno Malta Senator for Espirito Santo 2003 115 Patriota PATRI Roberto Rey former Vice President of PATRI 2015 17 116 Popular Socialist Party PPS Cristovam Buarque Senator for the Federal District 2003 and nominee for President in 2006 117 118 Progressive Party PP Blairo Maggi Minister of Agriculture 2016 119 Social Christian Party PSC Paulo Rabello de Castro former President of the Brazilian Development Bank 2017 18 and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics 2016 17 120 Socialism and Liberty Party PSOL Chico Alencar Federal Deputy for Rio de Janeiro 2003 121 122 Marcelo Freixo State Deputy of Rio de Janeiro 2007 121 123 Luciana Genro former Federal Deputy for Rio Grande do Sul 2003 11 and nominee for President in 2014 121 Solidarity SD Aldo Rebelo former President of the Chamber of Deputies 2005 2007 and member of the Rousseff cabinet 2011 16 107 108 124 125 126 Workers Party PT Fernando Pimentel Governor of Minas Gerais 2015 127 Other Silvio Santos Owner of Grupo Silvio Santos 1958 128 Pedro Parente former President of Petrobras 2016 18 129 Roberto Justus television presenter and Chairman of Grupo Newcomm 1998 130 131 Luciano Huck television presenter 132 Luis Roberto Barroso Minister of the Supreme Federal Court 2013 133 Campaign editRejection of Lula s candidacy for re re election edit On 1 September the Superior Electoral Court voted 6 1 to reject Lula s candidacy for what would be his third term based on the Lei da Ficha Limpa and his conviction on corruption charges but approved the PT PCdoB PROS coalition The People Happy Again and the candidacy of Fernando Haddad 134 The Workers Party replaced Lula with Haddad and announced former presidential candidate Manuela d Avila as his running mate 135 Stabbing of Jair Bolsonaro edit nbsp Bolsonaro being stabbed at a Juiz de Fora rally Jair Bolsonaro was stabbed on 6 September 2018 while campaigning in the city of Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais and interacting with supporters 136 Bolsonaro s son Flavio stated that his father s wounds were only superficial and he was recovering in hospital 137 Police arrested and identified the attacker as Adelio Bispo de Oliveira who claimed that he was ordered by God to carry out the attack 138 Flavio Bolsonaro later stated that the wounds inflicted seemed worse than initially thought He tweeted about his father s condition explaining that the perforation reached part of the liver the lung and part of the intestine He also stated that Bolsonaro had lost a large amount of blood arriving at the hospital with a pressure of 10 3 but had since stabilized 136 139 140 Most of the other candidates in the presidential race as well as and the then Brazilian president Michel Temer condemned the attack 141 After being stabbed Bolsonaro did not attend any further debates 142 Debates edit Two debates were held on 9 and 17 August featuring eight presidential candidates Bolsonaro Alckmin Silva Gomes Dias Meirelles Boulos and Daciolo Lula was unable to participate in the debates 143 The 9 August debate was moderated by Ricardo Boechat 144 and the 17 August debate was moderated by Amanda Klein Boris Casoy and Mariana Godoy 145 A debate scheduled for 27 August 146 was canceled after Jair Bolsonaro expressed his uncertainty about participating in the debates and the Workers Party insisted on the participation of Lula prohibited by the Electoral Justice 147 Bolsonaro did not participate in further debates after he was attacked on 6 September 148 After a debate on 9 September moderated by Maria Lydia Flandoli 149 Fernando Haddad participated in all remaining debates These occurred on 20 September moderated by Joyce Ribeiro 150 26 September moderated by Carlos Nascimento 151 30 September moderated by Adriana Araujo and Celso Freitas 152 and 4 October moderated by William Bonner 153 A vice presidential debate was held on 5 September featuring four candidates Fernando Haddad did not attend 154 While several debates were scheduled for the second round none were held Debates planned for 12 October 155 14 October 156 and 15 October 157 were cancelled due to Bolsonaro s health issues A debate scheduled for 21 October 158 was cancelled after the campaigns were unable to agree to terms Opinion polls editMain article Opinion polling for the 2018 Brazilian general electionResults editPresident edit nbsp First Round results Municipalities won by Jair Bolsonaro Municipalities won by Fernando Haddad Municipalities won by Ciro Gomes nbsp Second Round results Municipalities won by Jair Bolsonaro Municipalities won by Fernando Haddad nbsp Second round results shaded CandidateRunning matePartyFirst roundSecond roundVotes Votes Jair BolsonaroHamilton Mourao PRTB Social Liberal Party49 277 01046 0357 797 84755 13Fernando HaddadManuela d Avila PCdoB Workers Party31 342 05129 2847 040 90644 87Ciro GomesKatia AbreuDemocratic Labour Party13 344 37112 47Geraldo AlckminAna Amelia PP Brazilian Social Democracy Party5 096 3504 76Joao AmoedoChristian LohbauerNew Party2 679 7452 50Cabo DacioloSuelene BalduinoPatriota1 348 3231 26Henrique MeirellesGermano RigottoBrazilian Democratic Movement1 288 9501 20Marina SilvaEduardo Jorge PV Sustainability Network1 069 5781 00Alvaro DiasPaulo Rabello de Castro PSC Podemos859 6010 80Guilherme BoulosSonia GuajajaraSocialism and Liberty Party617 1220 58Vera LuciaHertz DiasUnited Socialist Workers Party55 7620 05Jose Maria EymaelHelvio CostaChristian Democracy41 7100 04Joao Vicente GoulartLeo DiasFree Fatherland Party30 1760 03Total107 050 749100 00104 838 753100 00Valid votes107 050 74991 21104 838 75390 43Invalid blank votes10 313 1598 7911 094 6989 57Total votes117 363 908100 00115 933 451100 00Registered voters turnout147 306 29579 67147 306 29478 70Source TSE By state edit First round edit Department Bolsonaro Haddad Gomes Alckmin Others Votes Votes Votes Votes Votes Acre 262 508 62 24 78 170 18 53 21 809 5 17 33 115 7 85 26 176 6 21 Alagoas 528 355 34 40 687 247 44 75 155 457 10 12 58 580 3 81 106 107 6 92 Amapa 166 935 40 74 134 287 32 77 50 553 12 34 19 241 4 70 38 741 9 45 Amazonas 805 902 43 48 746 998 40 30 138 997 7 50 29 190 1 57 132 504 7 15 Bahia 1 725 140 23 41 4 441 955 60 28 693 273 9 41 172 900 2 35 335 277 4 55 Ceara 1 061 075 21 74 1 616 492 33 12 1 998 597 40 95 53 157 1 09 150 834 3 10 Federal District 936 494 58 37 90 508 11 87 266 272 16 60 53 640 3 34 157 603 9 82 Espirito Santo 1 122 131 54 76 495 868 24 20 195 553 9 54 79 049 3 86 156 547 7 64 Goias 1 868 686 57 24 713 535 21 86 280 864 8 60 146 440 4 49 255 264 7 81 Maranhao 817 511 24 28 2 062 592 61 26 282 467 8 39 50 653 1 50 153 648 4 57 Mato Grosso 981 119 60 04 404 604 24 76 91 344 5 59 67 498 4 13 89 571 5 48 Mato Grosso do Sul 769 116 55 06 333 407 23 87 112 296 8 04 90 897 6 51 91 229 6 52 Minas Gerais 5 308 047 48 31 3 037 957 27 65 1 278 819 11 64 506 490 4 61 856 301 7 79 Para 1 499 294 36 19 1 714 822 41 39 415 593 10 03 229 122 5 53 283 904 6 86 Paraiba 677 718 31 30 984 398 45 46 362 775 16 75 51 334 2 37 89 319 4 12 Parana 3 496 448 56 89 1 210 974 19 70 510 541 8 31 220 744 3 59 706 982 11 51 Pernambuco 1 444 685 30 57 2 309 104 48 87 640 860 13 56 77 987 1 65 252 580 5 35 Piaui 346 944 18 76 1 172 147 63 40 211 240 11 42 47 974 2 59 70 638 3 83 Rio de Janeiro 5 107 735 59 79 1 255 425 14 69 1 300 292 15 22 208 325 2 44 671 616 7 86 Rio Grande do Norte 541 448 30 21 738 165 41 19 399 766 22 31 40 405 2 25 72 469 4 04 Rio Grande do Sul 3 353 623 52 63 1 453 291 22 81 724 429 11 37 350 800 5 50 490 293 7 69 Rondonia 538 311 62 24 176 107 20 36 52 118 6 03 37 048 4 28 61 317 7 09 Roraima 174 306 62 97 49 406 17 85 14 838 5 36 19 231 6 95 19 007 6 87 Santa Catarina 2 603 665 65 82 598 578 15 13 264 312 6 68 154 068 3 89 335 160 8 48 Sao Paulo state 12 378 012 53 00 3 833 982 16 42 2 650 440 11 35 2 224 049 9 52 2 266 296 9 71 Sergipe 310 310 27 21 571 234 50 09 148 526 13 02 45 978 4 03 64 332 5 65 Tocantins 337 782 44 64 311 212 41 12 54 262 7 17 21 666 2 86 31 838 4 21 Diaspora 113 690 58 79 19 540 10 10 28 073 14 52 6 668 3 45 25 410 13 14 Source G1 Second round edit Department Bolsonaro Haddad Votes Votes Acre 294 899 77 22 86 977 22 78 Alagoas 610 093 40 08 912 034 59 92 Amapa 185 096 50 20 183 616 49 80 Amazonas 885 401 50 27 875 845 49 73 Bahia 2 060 382 27 31 5 484 901 72 69 Ceara 1 384 591 28 89 3 407 526 71 11 Federal District 1 080 411 69 99 463 340 30 01 Espirito Santo 1 276 611 63 06 747 768 36 94 Goias 2 124 739 65 52 1 118 060 34 48 Maranhao 886 565 26 74 2 428 913 73 26 Mato Grosso 1 085 824 66 42 549 001 33 58 Mato Grosso do Sul 872 049 65 22 465 025 34 78 Minas Gerais 6 100 107 58 19 4 382 952 41 81 Para 1 742 188 45 19 2 112 769 54 81 Paraiba 782 143 35 02 1 451 293 64 98 Parana 4 224 416 68 43 1 948 790 31 57 Pernambuco 1 661 163 33 50 3 297 944 66 50 Piaui 422 095 22 95 1 417 113 77 05 Rio de Janeiro 5 669 059 67 95 2 673 386 32 05 Rio Grande do Norte 652 562 36 59 1 131 027 63 41 Rio Grande do Sul 3 893 737 63 24 2 263 171 36 76 Rondonia 594 968 72 18 229 343 27 82 Roraima 183 268 71 55 72 872 28 45 Santa Catarina 2 966 242 75 92 940 724 24 08 Sao Paulo state 15 306 023 67 97 7 212 132 32 03 Sergipe 364 860 32 46 759 061 67 54 Tocantins 356 684 48 98 371 593 51 02 Diaspora Source G1 Voter demographics edit Demographic group Bolsonaro Haddad oftotal vote Total vote 55 45 100 Gender Men 60 40 47 Women 50 50 53 Age 16 24 years old 50 50 15 25 34 years old 56 44 21 35 44 years old 56 44 21 45 59 years old 54 46 24 60 and older 56 44 19 Education Less than high school 44 56 33 High school diploma 58 42 43 Bachelor s degree or more 61 39 24 Family income Under 2x min wage 42 58 40 2 5x min wage 61 39 38 5 10x min wage 69 31 12 Over 10x min wage 67 33 10 Region Southeast 63 37 44 South 65 35 15 Northeast 32 68 27 Central West 66 34 7 North 55 45 7 Source Datafolha Chamber of Deputies edit nbsp PartyVotes Seats Social Liberal Party11 457 87811 6552 51Workers Party10 126 61110 3056 13Brazilian Social Democracy Party5 905 5416 0129 25Social Democratic Party5 749 0085 8534 2Progressistas5 480 0675 5737 1Brazilian Democratic Movement5 439 1675 5334 32Brazilian Socialist Party5 386 4005 4832 2Party of the Republic5 224 5915 3133 1Brazilian Republican Party4 992 0165 0830 9Democrats4 581 1624 6629 8Democratic Labour Party4 545 8464 6228 9Socialism and Liberty Party2 783 6692 8310 5New Party2 748 0792 798NewPodemos2 243 3202 2811 7Republican Party of the Social Order2 042 6102 088 3Brazilian Labour Party2 022 7192 0610 15Solidariedade1 953 0671 9913 2Avante1 844 0481 887 6Social Christian Party1 765 2261 808 5Green Party1 592 1731 624 4Popular Socialist Party1 590 0841 628 2Patriota1 432 3041 465 3Humanist Party of Solidarity1 426 4441 456 1Communist Party of Brazil1 329 5751 359 1Progressive Republican Party851 3680 874 1Sustainability Network816 7840 831NewBrazilian Labour Renewal Party684 9760 700 1Party of National Mobilization634 1290 6430Christian Labour Party601 8140 6120Free Fatherland Party385 1970 391 1Christian Democracy369 3860 381 1Brazilian Woman s Party228 3020 230NewBrazilian Communist Party61 3430 0600United Socialist Workers Party41 3040 0400Workers Cause Party2 7850 0000Total98 338 993100 005130Valid votes98 338 99383 97Invalid blank votes18 771 73716 03Total votes117 110 730100 00Registered voters turnout146 750 52979 80Source Election Resources Senate edit nbsp PartyVotes SeatsWonTotal Workers Party24 785 67014 4646 6Brazilian Social Democracy Party20 310 55811 8549 1Social Liberal Party19 413 86911 3344NewBrazilian Democratic Movement12 800 2907 47712 6Democrats9 218 6585 3846 1Brazilian Socialist Party8 234 1954 8022 5Social Democratic Party8 202 3424 7947 4Democratic Labour Party7 737 9824 5224 4Progressistas7 529 9014 39550Sustainability Network7 166 0034 1855NewPodemos5 494 1253 2115 5Socialism and Liberty Party5 273 8533 0800 1Humanist Party of Solidarity4 228 9732 4722NewSocial Christian Party4 126 0682 4111 1Solidariedade4 001 9032 34110New Party3 467 7462 0200NewParty of the Republic3 130 0821 8312 2Popular Socialist Party2 954 8001 7222NewProgressive Republican Party1 974 0611 1511 1Brazilian Labour Party1 899 8381 11230Communist Party of Brazil1 673 1900 9800 1Brazilian Republican Party1 505 6070 88110Republican Party of the Social Order1 370 5130 80110Green Party1 226 3920 7200 1Brazilian Labour Renewal Party886 2670 52000Avante731 3790 43000Free Fatherland Party504 2090 29000United Socialist Workers Party413 9140 24000Party of National Mobilization329 9730 19000Brazilian Communist Party256 6550 15000Christian Labour Party222 9310 1301 1Christian Democracy154 0680 09000Patriota60 5890 04000Brazilian Woman s Party51 0270 0300NewWorkers Cause Party38 6910 02000Independent00 0001 1Total171 376 322100 0054810Total votes117 111 478 Registered voters turnout146 750 52979 80Source Election Resources G1Aftermath and reactions editMain article Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro Americas edit Argentina edit President Mauricio Macri congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory stating that I hope we will work together soon for the relationship between our countries and the welfare of Argentines and Brazilians 159 Bolivia edit President Evo Morales expressed his congratulations we greet the brother people of Brazil for their democratic participation in the second round of presidential elections in which Jair Bolsonaro was elected to whom we extend our recognition Bolivia and Brazil are brother peoples with deep integration ties 160 Chile edit President Sebastian Pinera expressed his congratulations on Twitter congratulations to the Brazilian people for a clean and democratic election I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for your great electoral triumph 160 Colombia edit President Ivan Duque praised Bolsonaro on Twitter Congratulations to Jair Bolsonaro the new democratically elected president of Brazil Our wish for this new stage of the neighboring country to be one of well being and unity We look forward to continuing our fellowship relationship to strengthen political commercial and cultural ties 161 Costa Rica edit President Carlos Alvarado using his official Twitter account expressed Costa Rica ratifies its willingness to work with Brazil in favor of inclusion economic growth and respect for the rights of all people as well as to achieve the sustainable development of the region 162 Ecuador edit President Lenin Moreno expressed on Twitter More congratulations to the Brazilian people for this new democratic feat Best wishes for new President Jair Bolsonaro 163 Mexico edit President Enrique Pena Nieto praised Bolsonaro on Twitter On behalf of the people and the Government of Mexico I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for his election as President of the Federative Republic of Brazil on an exemplary day that reflects the democratic strength of that country 160 Paraguay edit President Mario Abdo Benitez expressed on Twitter congratulations to the people of Brazil and their elected president Jair Bolsonaro for this election We want to work together for stronger democracies in the region with strengthened institutions and always looking for the prosperity of our peoples 160 Peru edit President Martin Vizcarra congratulated Bolsonaro on his election I congratulate Jair Bolsonaro for his election as president of Brazil and I wish him the greatest success in his administration I express my willingness to work together to deepen our fraternal bilateral relationship 160 United States edit President Donald Trump congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory Trump and Bolsonaro both agreed to work side by side to improve the lives of the people of the United States and Brazil and as regional leaders of the Americas 164 Asia edit China edit President Xi Jinping congratulated Bolsonaro on his election and said that his country was willing to respect the fundamental interests of both nations He also congratulated the statements made by Bolsonaro shortly after winning the elections in which he assured that Brazil will maintain ties with China its main trading partner regardless of its ideological differences 165 Europe edit France edit President Emmanuel Macron congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory added that France would look to continue to cooperate with Brazil on areas including environmental issues France and Brazil have a strategic partnership based around common values of respect and the promotion of democratic principles added Macron in his statement 166 President of the National Rally Party Marine Le Pen praised Bolsonaro on his election victory Brazilians just punished the widespread corruption and terrifying crime that thrived during far left governments Good luck to President Bolsonaro who will have to re establish Brazil s very compromised economic security and democratic situation 163 Germany edit According to an official publication the Chancellor Angela Merkel said she hopes that their cooperation will continue to be based on democratic values and the rule of law Two countries have long been linked by friendly relations and common interests 167 Russia edit According to an official publication from the Kremlin President Vladimir Putin praised the significant experience of mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation in various spheres that Russia and Brazil have acquired as part of their strategic collaboration and expressed confidence in the further promotion of the entire complex of Russian Brazilian ties as well as constructive cooperation in the framework of the United Nations the G20 BRICS and other multilateral organisations in the interests of the Russian and Brazilian people 168 Italy edit Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini praised Bolsonaro on Twitter In Brazil citizens expelled the left Good job for President Bolsonaro the friendship between our peoples and government will be even stronger 169 Spain edit Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez expressed on Twitter The Brazilian people have decided their future for years to come The challenges will be huge Brazil will always count on Spain to achieve a more egalitarian and fairer Latin America the hope that will illuminate the decisions of any ruler 163 Middle East edit Israel edit Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu congratulated Bolsonaro on his election victory stating that I am confident that your election will bring great friendship between the two peoples and strengthen the ties between Brazil and Israel 170 See also editEle Nao movement protests against the candidacy of Bolsonaro 2018 in Brazil 2018 Sao Paulo gubernatorial election 2018 Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election 2018 Espirito Santo gubernatorial electionNotes editReferences edit Disclosure of Election Results Superior Electoral Court Retrieved 29 October 2018 a b Brazil keen to open trade talks with UK Archived 1 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times 22 July 2016 Catherine E Shoichet Euan McKirdy Brazil s Senate ousts Rousseff in impeachment vote CNN Retrieved 31 August 2016 Brazil s Rousseff ousted by Senate Temer sworn in Reuters 1 September 2016 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fenomeno Bolsonaro brasil elpais com in Portuguese 7 October 2014 Archived from the original on 16 June 2018 Retrieved 18 June 2017 Brazil s congress starts to reform itself The Economist 14 October 2017 Archived from the original on 15 October 2017 Retrieved 15 October 2017 Defensor da Ditadura Jair Bolsonaro reforca frase polemica o erro foi torturar e nao matar Panico Jovem Pan FM Sao Paulo 100 9 Jovem Pan FM in Brazilian Portuguese 8 July 2016 Archived from the original on 4 September 2018 Retrieved 13 September 2018 Bolsonaro chama ditadura militar brasileira de intervencao democratica R7 com in Brazilian Portuguese 31 March 2015 Archived from the original on 5 October 2018 Retrieved 13 September 2018 Bolsonaro em Porto Alegre confirma ser contra o aborto e a favor da reducao da maioridade penal Jornal O Sul Osul com br 21 August 2015 Archived from the original on 16 June 2018 Retrieved 7 September 2018 Bolsonaro prefiro filho morto em acidente a um homossexual Terra in Brazilian Portuguese Archived from the original on 25 September 2020 Retrieved 2 June 2018 Bolsonaro e condenado a pagar R 150 mil por declaracoes contra gays Folha de S Paulo Archived from the original on 2 October 2018 Retrieved 11 September 2018 Com chegada de Bolsonaro Livres anuncia saida do PSL Archived from the original on 21 March 2019 Retrieved 7 December 2018 Como o PSL tomou espaco da centro direita na Camara Nexo Jornal Archived from the original on 24 November 2018 Retrieved 7 December 2018 Phillips Tom 19 April 2018 Trump of the tropics the dangerous candidate leading Brazil s presidential race The Guardian Archived from the original on 20 May 2019 Retrieved 27 October 2018 Jair Bolsonaro Sou preconceituoso com muito orgulho revistaepoca globo com Archived from the original on 12 April 2018 Retrieved 7 September 2018 Bolsonaro diz que e liberal e adota discurso que agrada investidores 1 folha uol com br Archived from the original on 12 June 2018 Retrieved 24 April 2018 Finchelstein Federico 14 October 2018 Brasil todas las opciones son malas Clarin Archived from the original on 4 November 2018 Retrieved 4 November 2018 Mourao diz que neto e branqueamento da raca O Globo in Brazilian Portuguese 6 October 2018 Retrieved 25 November 2020 You have a terribly homosexual face Brazil s president launches homophobic attack on journalist The Independent 21 December 2019 Retrieved 2 December 2023 Phillips Tom correspondent Tom Phillips Latin America 24 January 2020 Jair Bolsonaro s racist comment sparks outrage from indigenous groups The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2 December 2023 Feminism is sexist The women backing Brazil s Bolsonaro 23 October 2018 Retrieved 2 December 2023 Lula leaves office as Brazil s most popular president BBC News British Broadcasting Corporation 31 December 2010 Retrieved 4 January 2011 The Most Popular Politician on Earth Newsweek 31 December 2010 Archived from the original on 29 December 2010 Retrieved 4 January 2011 Lula s last lap The 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Haddad aims to be Brazil s new Lula but does anyone know who he is The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 30 November 2020 Child David Who is Fernando Haddad Brazil s leftist presidential candidate www aljazeera com Retrieved 30 November 2020 Goncalves Eduardo 11 September 2018 PT aprova Haddad para substituir Lula como candidato a Presidencia in Portuguese Veja Retrieved 11 September 2018 Kerche Fabio Brazilian candidate still crushing his rivals from jail The Conversation Retrieved 23 May 2018 Ciro Gomes sinaliza apoio a Haddad e diz que tem uma certeza ele nao sem duvida 7 October 2018 Londono Ernesto 6 September 2018 Brazil Presidential Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Is Stabbed at Campaign Rally The New York Times Archived from the original on 7 September 2018 Retrieved 6 September 2018 de 2018 Eliana Alves CruzEliana Alves Cruz9 de Outubro 18h06 Licenca para matar faz sua primeira vitima The Intercept Brasil in Portuguese Retrieved 30 November 2020 a href Template Cite web html title 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anuncia Joao Amoedo como pre candidato a presidente em 2018 in Portuguese G1 18 November 2017 Retrieved 19 November 2017 Gustavo Maia e Luciana Amaral 8 August 2018 Alckmin pede registro de candidatura e declara R 1 3 milhao em bens ao TSE in Portuguese UOL Retrieved 8 August 2018 Aliados defendem nome de Alckmin para a disputa presidencial 6 March 2017 PSOL Nacional 21 June 2018 Oficial Guilherme Boulos e Sonia Guajajara sao os candidatos do PSOL a Presidencia in Portuguese PSOL 50 Archived from the original on 13 October 2018 Retrieved 22 July 2018 Todos querem o Planalto Everyone wants the Planalto in Portuguese Uol 11 March 2018 Retrieved 10 April 2018 de Souza Josias 22 December 2017 Alckmin e Virgilio se enfrentarao em 5 debates in Portuguese Uol Retrieved 22 December 2017 Arthur Virgilio desiste de previa com Alckmin e o chama de cinico in Portuguese EM 23 February 2018 Retrieved 28 March 2018 Rodrigues Douglas 13 December 2017 Senador Ronaldo Caiado lidera disputa pelo Governo 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de senador para avaliar candidatura a Presidencia in Portuguese G1 Retrieved 13 November 2017 Bilenky Thais Tavares Joelmir 26 March 2018 Descartando filiacao de Huck PPS aprova posicao de apoio a Alckmin in Portuguese Folha de S Paulo Retrieved 27 March 2018 Terclotty Tiago 26 February 2018 Blairo Maggi anuncia que nao vai disputar eleicao em 2018 e diz que nao teme perder o foro privilegiado in Portuguese G1 Retrieved 28 March 2018 Maia Gustavo 1 August 2018 PSC desiste de ter candidato proprio a presidente e indica Paulo Rabello de Castro para vice de Alvaro Dias in Portuguese G1 Retrieved 1 August 2018 a b c Luciana Genro desiste e PSOL pode lancar Chico Alencar para 2018 Luciana Genro gives up and PSOL can launch Chico Alencar for 2018 in Portuguese Veja 6 April 2017 Retrieved 7 June 2017 Peron Isadora 17 October 2017 Chico Alencar desiste de disputar a Presidencia e vai se lancar ao Senado em 2018 Estadao in Portuguese Retrieved 16 November 2017 Maia Gustavo 22 December 2017 Ainda pequeno PSOL ganha 25 mil filiados em um ano e quer dobrar bancada na Camara in Portuguese Uol Retrieved 22 December 2017 Peron Isadora 12 April 2018 Paulinho da Forca Pensamos em lancar Aldo Rebelo a Presidencia Folha de S Paulo Retrieved 12 April 2018 Garcia Janaina 16 April 2018 SD oficializa Aldo como nome a Presidencia com promessa de pacificar esquerda e direita SD officializes Aldo candidate for the Presidency with promise to pacify left and right wings in Portuguese Uol Retrieved 16 April 2018 Maia Gustavo 26 July 2018 Apos apoio do centrao a Alckmin Aldo Rebelo desiste de candidatura in Portuguese Uol Retrieved 27 July 2018 Zolini Helcio 9 October 2017 Eleicoes 2018 Pimentel lidera corrida para o governo de Minas Kalil aparece em segundo in Portuguese R7 Retrieved 28 March 2018 Silvio Santos pode se candidatar a presidencia do Brasil em 2018 diz jornal Entretenimento R7 Famosos e TV R7 in Brazilian Portuguese 22 December 2016 Retrieved 12 February 2017 Lima Mauricio 25 February 2018 Mesmo com pedido de FH Parente deve negar candidatura in Portuguese Veja Retrieved 28 March 2018 Roberto Justus aparece como candidato a Presidencia em festa da Record in Brazilian Portuguese Retrieved 12 February 2017 Mauricio Lima 27 January 2017 Roberto Justus poe projeto politico na geladeira Veja Huck desiste de disputar eleicao presidencial Borges Laryssa 15 November 2017 Ministro Barroso nega intencao de ser candidato em 2018 in Portuguese Veja Retrieved 16 November 2017 TSE indefere pedido de registro de canddidatura de Lula a Presidencia da Republica in Portuguese Tribunal Superior Eleitoral 1 September 2018 Archived from the original on 10 September 2018 Retrieved 9 September 2018 Goncalves Eduardo 11 September 2018 PT aprova Haddad para substituir Lula como candidato a Presidencia in Portuguese Veja Retrieved 11 September 2018 a b Londono Ernesto 6 September 2018 Brazil Presidential Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Is Stabbed at Campaign Rally The New York Times Retrieved 6 September 2018 Phillips Dom 6 September 2018 Jair Bolsonaro Brazil s far right presidential hopeful stabbed at campaign rally the Guardian Retrieved 6 September 2018 Savarese Mauricio Prengaman Peter 6 September 2018 Brazil presidential candidate Bolsonaro stabbed during event Washington Post Archived from the original on 29 December 2018 Retrieved 6 September 2018 Flavio Bolsonaro 6 September 2018 Flavio Bolsonaro 177 Senador RJ Verified account Twitter Retrieved 6 September 2018 Savarese Mauricio Prengaman Peter 6 September 2018 Brazilian candidate Jair Bolsonaro stabbed during event ABC News Archived from the original on 6 September 2018 Retrieved 6 September 2018 Bolsonaro leva facada em MG veja repercussao G1 com in Portuguese 6 September 2018 Retrieved 6 September 2018 Bolsonaro nao vai participar de debates no 2º turno e secundario UOL Eleicoes 2018 Ministro do TSE nega pedido do PT para Lula participar de debate da RedeTV in Portuguese UOL 17 August 2018 Retrieved 17 August 2018 Brasil Lauriberto 7 August 2018 Oito candidatos a presidente participam de debate da TV Band na 5ª feira in Portuguese Poder360 Retrieved 9 August 2018 RedeTV promove debates multiplataforma entre candidatos a Presidencia e ao governo de Sao Paulo in Portuguese RedeTV 14 August 2018 Archived from the original on 16 August 2018 Retrieved 16 August 2018 Jovem Pan decide nao promover debate presidencial in Portuguese Jovem Pan 24 August 2018 Retrieved 8 September 2018 Jovem Pan decide nao promover debate presidencial in Portuguese Jovem Pan 24 August 2018 Retrieved 11 September 2018 Rizerio Lara 9 September 2018 Como assistir online ao debate entre os candidatos a presidente de TV Gazeta e Estadao in Portuguese InfoMoney Retrieved 9 September 2018 Estado faz debate com presidenciaveis Estadao in Portuguese 8 September 2018 Retrieved 8 September 2018 Rede Aparecida organiza debate presidencial no Santuario Nacional in Portuguese A12 6 August 2018 Retrieved 8 September 2018 Folha UOL e SBT farao debate com presidenciaveis em 26 de setembro Folha de S Paulo in Portuguese 6 August 2018 Retrieved 9 August 2018 Record TV realiza debate presidencial do primeiro turno no dia 30 de setembro in Portuguese Record 12 March 2018 Retrieved 8 September 2018 Debates dos presidenciaveis na TV candidatos devem discutir planos em seis transmissoes in Portuguese Gaucha ZH 9 August 2018 Retrieved 8 September 2018 Veja na integra o debate entre candidatos a vice presidente da republica in Portuguese Veja 5 September 2018 Archived from the original on 9 September 2018 Retrieved 8 September 2018 Band cancela debate desta sexta in Portuguese OAntagonista 10 October 2018 Retrieved 11 October 2018 Band e RedeTV cancelam debates entre Bolsonaro e Haddad in Portuguese Destak 10 October 2018 Archived from the original on 17 October 2018 Retrieved 16 October 2018 RedeTV cancela debate pelo estado de saude de Bolsonaro in Portuguese Terra 10 October 2018 Retrieved 11 October 2018 Apos recusa de Bolsonaro Record cancela debate presidencial in Portuguese Veja 19 October 2018 Retrieved 19 October 2018 Presidente da Argentina parabeniza Jair Bolsonaro no Twitter Valor Retrieved 28 October 2018 a b c d e Lideres internacionais parabenizam Bolsonaro in Portuguese DW 29 October 2018 Ivan Duque destaca carater democratico da eleicao de Bolsonaro in Portuguese EFE 28 October 2018 Costa Rica espera trabajar con Bolsonaro y fortalecer multilateralismo El Pais CR 31 October 2018 Retrieved 2 November 2018 a b c Lideres mundiais cumprimentam Bolsonaro e falam em trabalhar juntos in Portuguese Veja 29 October 2018 Trump congratulates Brazil s Bolsonaro on election win Reuters 29 October 2018 Xi Jinping felicita Bolsonaro e defende respeito aos interesses dos paises Exame 3 January 2019 Retrieved 16 August 2019 French President Macron congratulates Bolsonaro on Brazil win Reuters 29 October 2018 Merkel felicita Bolsonaro e cita cooperacao baseada em valores democraticos in Portuguese EFE 1 November 2018 Greetings to Jair Bolsonaro on winning presidential elections in Brazil Kremlin Retrieved 2 November 2018 Premie italiano parabeniza Bolsonaro e pede extradicao de Cesare Battisti in Portuguese RFI 28 October 2018 Netanyahu congratulates Brazil s President elect Bolsonaro Archived 27 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine Jerusalem PostFurther reading editAmaral Oswald E The Victory of Jair Bolsonaro According to the Brazilian Electoral Study of 2018 Brazilian Political Science Review 2020 14 1 e0004 1 13 online Bloch Agata and Marco Vallada Lemonte Introduction to the Meteoric Political Rise of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro Under a Crisis of the Brazilianness Ameryka Lacinska Kwartalnik Analityczno Informacyjny 4 106 2020 1 22 online Archived 15 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine Boito Armando Reform and Political Crisis in Brazil Class Conflicts in Workers Party Governments and the Rise of Bolsonaro Neo fascism in Reform and Political Crisis in Brazil Brill 2021 Chagas Bastos Fabricio H Political realignment in Brazil Jair Bolsonaro and the right turn Revista de Estudios Sociales 69 2019 92 100 online permanent dead link Da Silva Antonio Jose Bacelar and Erika Robb Larkins The Bolsonaro election antiblackness and changing race relations in Brazil Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 24 4 2019 893 913 online Duque Debora and Amy Erica Smith The Establishment Upside Down A Year of Change in Brazil Revista de Ciencia Politica 39 2 2019 online Layton Matthew L et al Demographic polarization and the rise of the far right Brazil s 2018 presidential election Research amp Politics 8 1 2021 2053168021990204 online Santana Carlos Henrique Vieira and Marcela Nogueira Ferrario Crafting Negative Partisanship in Brazil and the Rise of Bolsonaro in the 2018 Election 2021 online External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2018 elections in Brazil Official campaign websites edit Geraldo Alckmin PSDB DEM PP PR PRB SD PTB PSD PPS para Presidente Joao Amoedo NOVO para Presidente Jair Bolsonaro PSL PRTB para Presidente Guilhemere Boulos PSOL PCB para Presidente Alvaro Dias PODE PSC PTC PRP para Presidente Jose Maria Eymael DC para Presidente Ciro Gomes PDT AVANTE para Presidente Fernando Haddad PT PROS PCdoB para Presidente Vera Lucia PSTU para Presidente Henrique Meirelles MDB PHS para Presidente Marina Silva REDE PV para Presidente Infographics edit Map of first round results divided by electoral zones Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2018 Brazilian general election amp oldid 1213160624, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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