fbpx
Wikipedia

Bothremydidae

February 06, 2023

Bothremydidae is an extinct family of side-necked turtles (Pleurodira) known from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. They are closely related to Podocnemididae, and are amongst the most widely distributed pleurodire groups, with their fossils having been found in Africa, India, the Middle East, Europe, North America and South America. Bothremydids were aquatic turtles with a high morphological diversity, indicative of generalist, molluscivorous, and piscivorous diets. Unlike modern pleurodires, which are exclusively freshwater, bothremydids inhabited freshwater, marine and coastal settings.[1] Their marine habits allowed bothremydids to disperse across oceanic barriers into Europe and North America during the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian).[2] The youngest records of the group are indeterminate remains from Saudi Arabia and Oman, dating to the Miocene.[3]

Bothremydidae
Temporal range: Aptian–Miocene
Gafsachelys spp. skull
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Pleurodira
Hyperfamily: Pelomedusoides
Family: †Bothremydidae
Baur, 1891
Subfamilies

See text

Taxonomy

The family is split into two subfamilies and a number of tribes.[4]

Bothremydidae

  • Pleurochayah appalachius Adrian et al., 2021 Woodbine Formation, Texas, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
  • "Chrysemys" montolivensis Roman 1897 Montoulieu, France, Oligocene (Rupelian)
  • Sindhochelys ragei Lapparent de broin et al., 2021 Khadro Formation, Pakistan, Paleocene (Danian)
  • Subfamily Bothremydinae Gaffney et al., 2006
    • Tribe Bothremydini Gaffney et al., 2006
    • Palauchelys López-Conde et al. 2021 Olmos Formation, Mexico, Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
      • Subtribe Bothremydina Gaffney et al., 2006
      • Subtribe Foxemydina Gaffney et al., 2006
      • Tribe Taphrosphyini Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Ilatardia Pérez-García, 2019 Farin Doutchi Formation, Niger, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
        • Subtribe Nigermydina Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998 Dakhla Formation, Egypt, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
            • Arenila krebsi Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998
        • Subtribe Taphrosphyina Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Azabbaremys Gaffney et al., 2001 Teberemt Formation, Mali, Paleocene
            • Azabbaremys moragjonesi Gaffney et al., 2001
          • Eotaphrosphys Perez-Garcia, 2018 Mont-Aimé, France, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
            • Eotaphrosphys ambiguum (Gaudry, 1890)
          • Labrostochelys Gaffney et al., 2006 Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco, Paleocene
            • Labrostochelys galkini Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Motelomama Perez-Garcia, 2018 Salina Group, Peru, Eocene (Ypresian)
            • Motelomama olssoni (Schmidt, 1931)
          • Phosphatochelys Gaffney and Tong, 2003 Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco, Paleocene
            • Phosphatochelys tedfordi Gaffney and Tong, 2003
          • Rhothonemys Gaffney et al., 2006 Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco, Paleocene
            • Rhothonemys brinkmani Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Taphrosphys Cope, 1869 (jr synonyms: Amblypeza, Bantuchelys, Prochonias)
            • Taphrosphys congolensis (Dollo, 1912) Landana Formation, Angola, Paleocene
            • Taphrosphys dares Hay, 1908 (nomen dubium)
            • Taphrosphys ippolitoi Gaffney et al., 2006 Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco, Paleocene
            • Taphrosphys sulcatus (Leidy, 1856) Hornerstown Formation, New Egypt Formation, New Jersey, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
          • Ummulisani Gaffney et al., 2006 Morocco, Eocene (Ypresian)
            • Ummulisani rutgersensis Gaffney et al., 2006
          • Crassachelys Bergounioux, 1952 (nomen dubium)
            • Crassachelys neurirregularis Bergounioux, 1952
          • Eusarkia Bergounioux, 1952 (nomen dubium)
            • Eusarkia rotundiformis Bergounioux, 1952
          • Gafsachelys Stefano, 1903 (nomen dubium)
            • Gafsachelys phosphatica Stefano, 1903
            • Gafsachelys moularensis Bergounioux, 1955
    • Tribe Cearachelyini Gaffney et al., 2006
      • Cearachelys Gaffney et al., Santana Formation, Brazil, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
        • Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney et al., 2001
      • Elkanemys Maniel, de la Fuente and Canale, 2021 Candeleros Formation, Argentina, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
        • Elkanemys pritchardi Maniel, de la Fuente and Canale, 2021
      • Itapecuruemys Batista et al., 2020 Itapecuru Formation, Brasil, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
        • Itapecuruemys amazoniensis Batista et al., 2020
      • Galianemys Gaffney et al., 2002 Kem Kem Group, Morocco, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
        • Galianemys emringeri Gaffney et al., 2002
        • Galianemys whitei Gaffney et al., 2002
  • Subfamily Kurmademydinae Gaffney et al., 2006
    • Tribe Kurmademydini Gaffney et al., 2006

Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram by Gaffney et al. in 2006:[7]

References

  1. ^ Joyce, WG; Lyson, TR; Kirkland, JI (September 28, 2016). "An early bothremydid (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Utah, North America". PeerJ. 4: e2502. doi:10.7717/peerj.2502. PMC 5045886. PMID 27703852. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  2. ^ Pérez-García, A.; Antunes, M.T.; Barroso-Barcenilla, F.; Callapez, P.M.; Segura, M.; Soares, A.F.; Torices, A. (October 2017). "A bothremydid from the middle Cenomanian of Portugal identified as one of the oldest pleurodiran turtles in Laurasia". Cretaceous Research. 78: 61–70. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.05.031.
  3. ^ de Lapparent de Broin, France; Murelaga, Xabier; Pérez-García, Adán; Farrés, Francesc; Altimiras, Jacint (2018-09-28). "Supplementary information:The turtles from the upper Eocene, Osona County (Ebro Basin, Catalonia, Spain): new material and its faunistic and environmental context". Fossil Record. 21 (2): 237–284. doi:10.5194/fr-21-237-2018. ISSN 2193-0066. S2CID 55783731.
  4. ^ The Paleontology Database Bothremydidae entry accessed on 26 January 2011
  5. ^ Pérez-García, Adán (2016). "A new turtle taxon (Podocnemidoidea, Bothremydidae) reveals the oldest known dispersal event of the crown Pleurodira from Gondwana to Laurasia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 15 (9): 709–731. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1228549. S2CID 88840423. Pan-Pleurodira is one of the two clades of extant turtles (i.e. Testudines). Its crown group, Pleurodira, has a Gondwanan origin being known from the Barremian. Cretaceous turtle fauna of Gondwana was composed almost exclusively of pleurodires. Extant pleurodires live in relatively warm regions, with a geographical distribution restricted to tropical regions that were part of Gondwana.
  6. ^ Pérez-García, Adán (2018-08-03). "New insights on the only bothremydid turtle (Pleurodira) identified in the British record: Palemys bowerbankii new combination". Palaeontologia Electronica. 21 (2): 1–12. doi:10.26879/849. ISSN 1094-8074.
  7. ^ Gaffney, E. S.; Tong, H.; Meylan, P. A. (2006-11-17). "Evolution of the side-necked turtles: The families Bothremydidae, Euraxemydidae, and Araripemydidae" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New York: American Museum of Natural History. 300: 1–700. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)300[1:EOTSTT]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5824. S2CID 85790134. The family Bothremydidae is a large and diverse group extending from the Albian to the Eocene in North and South America, Europe, Africa, and India. Its monophyly is supported by the presence of a wide exoccipital-quadrate contact, a eustachian tube separated from the incisura columellae auris usually by bone to form a bony canal for the stapes, absence of a fossa precolumellaris, a supraoccipital-quadrate contact (except in the tribe Taphrosphyini), and a posterior enlargement of the fossa orbitalis.

February 06, 2023
bothremydidae, extinct, family, side, necked, turtles, pleurodira, known, from, cretaceous, cenozoic, they, closely, related, podocnemididae, amongst, most, widely, distributed, pleurodire, groups, with, their, fossils, having, been, found, africa, india, midd. Bothremydidae is an extinct family of side necked turtles Pleurodira known from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic They are closely related to Podocnemididae and are amongst the most widely distributed pleurodire groups with their fossils having been found in Africa India the Middle East Europe North America and South America Bothremydids were aquatic turtles with a high morphological diversity indicative of generalist molluscivorous and piscivorous diets Unlike modern pleurodires which are exclusively freshwater bothremydids inhabited freshwater marine and coastal settings 1 Their marine habits allowed bothremydids to disperse across oceanic barriers into Europe and North America during the early Late Cretaceous Cenomanian 2 The youngest records of the group are indeterminate remains from Saudi Arabia and Oman dating to the Miocene 3 BothremydidaeTemporal range Aptian Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NGafsachelys spp skullScientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ReptiliaOrder TestudinesSuborder PleurodiraHyperfamily PelomedusoidesFamily BothremydidaeBaur 1891SubfamiliesSee textTaxonomy EditThe family is split into two subfamilies and a number of tribes 4 Bothremydidae Pleurochayah appalachius Adrian et al 2021 Woodbine Formation Texas Late Cretaceous Cenomanian Chrysemys montolivensis Roman 1897 Montoulieu France Oligocene Rupelian Sindhochelys ragei Lapparent de broin et al 2021 Khadro Formation Pakistan Paleocene Danian Subfamily Bothremydinae Gaffney et al 2006 Tribe Bothremydini Gaffney et al 2006 Palauchelys Lopez Conde et al 2021 Olmos Formation Mexico Late Cretaceous Campanian Subtribe Bothremydina Gaffney et al 2006 Akoranemys Perez Garcia 2021 Madagascar Late Cretaceous Cenomanian Algorachelus Perez Garcia 2017 Algorachelus parvus Haas 1978 Bet Meir Formation Amminadav Formation Palestine Late Cretaceous Cenomanian Algorachelus peregrinus Perez Garcia 2017 Utrillas Formation Spain Nazare Portugal Late Cretaceous Cenomanian 5 Algorachelus tibert Joyce et al 2016 Naturita Formation Utah Late Cretaceous Cenomanian alternatively considered the only member of the genus Paiutemys Araiochelys Gaffney et al 2006 Ouled Abdoun Basin Morocco Paleocene Araiochelys hirayamai Gaffney et al 2006 Bothremys Leidy 1865 jr synonym Karkaemys Bothremys arabicus Zalmout et al 2005 Wadi Umm Ghudran Formation Jordan Late Cretaceous Santonian Bothremys cooki Leidy 1865 Merchantville Formation Navesink Formation New Jersey Tar Heel Formation North Carolina Late Cretaceous Campanian Maastrichtian Bothremys kellyi Gaffney et al 2006 Ouled Abdoun Basin Morocco Paleocene Bothremys maghrebiana Gaffney et al 2006 Ouled Abdoun Basin Morocco Paleocene Chedighaii Gaffney et al 2006 Chedighaii barberi Schmidt 1940 Brownstone Marl Arkansas Blufftown Formation Georgia Marshalltown Formation New Jersey Tar Heel Formation North Carolina Late Cretaceous Campanian Chedighaii hutchisoni Gaffney et al 2006 Cerro del Pueblo Formation Mexico Late Cretaceous Campanian Kirtland Formation New Mexico Tar Heel Formation North Carolina Late Cretaceous Campanian Rosasia Costa 1940 Argilas de Aveiro Formation Portugal Late Cretaceous Campanian Maastrichtian Rosasia soutoi Carrington da Costa 1940 Inaechelys Carvalho 2016 Maria Farinha Formation Brasil Paleocene Inaechelys pernambucensis Caralho 2016 Zolhafah Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998 Dakhla Formation Egypt Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian Zolhafah bella Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998 Subtribe Foxemydina Gaffney et al 2006 Elochelys Nopsca 1931 France Spain Late Cretaceous Campanian Maastrichtian Elochelys perfecta Nopsca 1931 Foxemys Tong et al 1998 Csehbanya Formation Hungary Late Cretaceous Santonian Argiles et Gres a Reptiles Formation Marnes d Auzas Formation Marnes Rouges Inferieures Formation Lestaillats Marls Formation France Late Cretaceous Campanian Maastrichtian Villalba de la Sierra Formation Spain Late Cretaceous Campanian Foxemys mechinorum Tong et al 1998 Palemys Gray 1870 Palemys bowerbankii Owen 1842 London Clay Formation England Eocene Ypresian 6 Polysternon Portis 1882 Argiles et Gres a Reptiles Formation Rognacian Formation France Vitoria Formation Lano Tremp Formation Sierra Perenchiza Formation Spain Late Cretaceous Campanian Maastrichtian Polysternon provinciale Matheron 1869 Puentemys Cadena et al 2012 Cerrejon Formation Colombia Paleocene Puentemys mushaisaensis Cadena et al 2012 Tartaruscola Perez Garcia 2016 Saint Papoul France Eocene Ypresian Iberoccitanemys Perez Garcia et al 2012 Vegas de Matute Formation Villalba de la Sierra Formation Spain Campanian Marnes d Auzas Formation France Maastrichtian Iberoccitanemys atlanticum Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996 originally Polysternon atlanticum syn Iberoccitanemys convenarum Laurent et al 2002 Tribe Taphrosphyini Gaffney et al 2006 Ilatardia Perez Garcia 2019 Farin Doutchi Formation Niger Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian Subtribe Nigermydina Gaffney et al 2006 Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998 Dakhla Formation Egypt Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian Arenila krebsi Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998 Subtribe Taphrosphyina Gaffney et al 2006 Azabbaremys Gaffney et al 2001 Teberemt Formation Mali Paleocene Azabbaremys moragjonesi Gaffney et al 2001 Eotaphrosphys Perez Garcia 2018 Mont Aime France Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian Eotaphrosphys ambiguum Gaudry 1890 Labrostochelys Gaffney et al 2006 Ouled Abdoun Basin Morocco Paleocene Labrostochelys galkini Gaffney et al 2006 Motelomama Perez Garcia 2018 Salina Group Peru Eocene Ypresian Motelomama olssoni Schmidt 1931 Phosphatochelys Gaffney and Tong 2003 Ouled Abdoun Basin Morocco Paleocene Phosphatochelys tedfordi Gaffney and Tong 2003 Rhothonemys Gaffney et al 2006 Ouled Abdoun Basin Morocco Paleocene Rhothonemys brinkmani Gaffney et al 2006 Taphrosphys Cope 1869 jr synonyms Amblypeza Bantuchelys Prochonias Taphrosphys congolensis Dollo 1912 Landana Formation Angola Paleocene Taphrosphys dares Hay 1908 nomen dubium Taphrosphys ippolitoi Gaffney et al 2006 Ouled Abdoun Basin Morocco Paleocene Taphrosphys sulcatus Leidy 1856 Hornerstown Formation New Egypt Formation New Jersey Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian Ummulisani Gaffney et al 2006 Morocco Eocene Ypresian Ummulisani rutgersensis Gaffney et al 2006 Crassachelys Bergounioux 1952 nomen dubium Crassachelys neurirregularis Bergounioux 1952 Eusarkia Bergounioux 1952 nomen dubium Eusarkia rotundiformis Bergounioux 1952 Gafsachelys Stefano 1903 nomen dubium Gafsachelys phosphatica Stefano 1903 Gafsachelys moularensis Bergounioux 1955 Tribe Cearachelyini Gaffney et al 2006 Cearachelys Gaffney et al Santana Formation Brazil Early Cretaceous Albian Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney et al 2001 Elkanemys Maniel de la Fuente and Canale 2021 Candeleros Formation Argentina Late Cretaceous Cenomanian Elkanemys pritchardi Maniel de la Fuente and Canale 2021 Itapecuruemys Batista et al 2020 Itapecuru Formation Brasil Early Cretaceous Aptian Itapecuruemys amazoniensis Batista et al 2020 Galianemys Gaffney et al 2002 Kem Kem Group Morocco Late Cretaceous Cenomanian Galianemys emringeri Gaffney et al 2002 Galianemys whitei Gaffney et al 2002 Subfamily Kurmademydinae Gaffney et al 2006 Tribe Kurmademydini Gaffney et al 2006 Jainemys Joyce amp Bandyopadhyay 2020 Lameta Formation India Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian Jainemys pisdurensis Joyce amp Bandyopadhyay 2020 Kinkonychelys Gaffney et al 2009 Maevarano Formation Madagascar Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian Kinkonychelys rogersi Gaffney et al 2009 Kurmademys Gaffney et al 2001 Kallamedu Formation India Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian Kurmademys kallamedensis Gaffney et al 2001 Sankuchemys Gaffney et al 2003 Intertrappean Beds India Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian Sankuchemys sethnai Gaffney et al 2003Phylogeny EditBelow is a cladogram by Gaffney et al in 2006 7 ChelidaePelomedusoidesAraripemysPelomedusidaeEuraxemydidae DirqadiumEuraxemysPodocnemidioidea PodocnemidinuraBothremydidae Kurmademydini KurmademysSankuchemysBothremydinae Cearachelyini GalianemysCearachelysBothremyodda Bothremydini Foxemys Polysternon PolysternonZolhafahRosasiaAraiochelysChedighaii hutchisoniChedighaii barberiBothremys cookiBothremys magrhebianaBothremys kellyiBothremys arabicusTaphrosphyini NigeremysArenilaAzabbaremysLabrostochelysTaphrosphysRhothonemysPhosphatochelysUmmulisaniReferences Edit Joyce WG Lyson TR Kirkland JI September 28 2016 An early bothremydid Testudines Pleurodira from the Late Cretaceous Cenomanian of Utah North America PeerJ 4 e2502 doi 10 7717 peerj 2502 PMC 5045886 PMID 27703852 Retrieved 23 May 2021 Perez Garcia A Antunes M T Barroso Barcenilla F Callapez P M Segura M Soares A F Torices A October 2017 A bothremydid from the middle Cenomanian of Portugal identified as one of the oldest pleurodiran turtles in Laurasia Cretaceous Research 78 61 70 doi 10 1016 j cretres 2017 05 031 de Lapparent de Broin France Murelaga Xabier Perez Garcia Adan Farres Francesc Altimiras Jacint 2018 09 28 Supplementary information The turtles from the upper Eocene Osona County Ebro Basin Catalonia Spain new material and its faunistic and environmental context Fossil Record 21 2 237 284 doi 10 5194 fr 21 237 2018 ISSN 2193 0066 S2CID 55783731 The Paleontology Database Bothremydidae entry accessed on 26 January 2011 Perez Garcia Adan 2016 A new turtle taxon Podocnemidoidea Bothremydidae reveals the oldest known dispersal event of the crown Pleurodira from Gondwana to Laurasia Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 15 9 709 731 doi 10 1080 14772019 2016 1228549 S2CID 88840423 Pan Pleurodira is one of the two clades of extant turtles i e Testudines Its crown group Pleurodira has a Gondwanan origin being known from the Barremian Cretaceous turtle fauna of Gondwana was composed almost exclusively of pleurodires Extant pleurodires live in relatively warm regions with a geographical distribution restricted to tropical regions that were part of Gondwana Perez Garcia Adan 2018 08 03 New insights on the only bothremydid turtle Pleurodira identified in the British record Palemys bowerbankii new combination Palaeontologia Electronica 21 2 1 12 doi 10 26879 849 ISSN 1094 8074 Gaffney E S Tong H Meylan P A 2006 11 17 Evolution of the side necked turtles The families Bothremydidae Euraxemydidae and Araripemydidae PDF Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History New York American Museum of Natural History 300 1 700 doi 10 1206 0003 0090 2006 300 1 EOTSTT 2 0 CO 2 hdl 2246 5824 S2CID 85790134 The family Bothremydidae is a large and diverse group extending from the Albian to the Eocene in North and South America Europe Africa and India Its monophyly is supported by the presence of a wide exoccipital quadrate contact a eustachian tube separated from the incisura columellae auris usually by bone to form a bony canal for the stapes absence of a fossa precolumellaris a supraoccipital quadrate contact except in the tribe Taphrosphyini and a posterior enlargement of the fossa orbitalis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bothremydidae amp oldid 1136134802, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.