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Bohuslän

February 15, 2023

Bohuslän (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈbûːhʉːsˌlɛːn] (listen); Danish: Bohuslen; Norwegian: Båhuslen) is a Swedish province in Götaland, on the northernmost part of the country's west coast. It is bordered by Dalsland to the northeast, Västergötland to the southeast, the Skagerrak arm of the North Sea to the west, and the county of Østfold, in Norway, to the north. In English it literally means Bohus County, although it shared counties with the city of Gothenburg prior to the 1998 county merger and thus was not an administrative unit in its own right.

Bohuslän
Historical province
Coat of arms
Coordinates: 58°14′53″N 11°53′13″E / 58.248°N 11.887°E / 58.248; 11.887Coordinates: 58°14′53″N 11°53′13″E / 58.248°N 11.887°E / 58.248; 11.887
Country Sweden
LandGötaland
CountyVästra Götaland County
Area
 • Total4,400 km2 (1,700 sq mi)
Population
 (31 December 2016)[1]
 • Total299,087
 • Density68/km2 (180/sq mi)
Ethnicity
 • LanguageSwedish
 • DialectGötamål
Culture
 • FlowerEuropean honeysuckle
 • AnimalHarbour seal
 • BirdEurasian oystercatcher
 • FishMackerel
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)

Bohuslän is named after the medieval Norwegian castle of Bohus. Under the name Baahuslen, it was a Norwegian county from the Norwegian conquest of the region from the Geats and subsequent unification of the country in the 870s until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, when the union of Denmark–Norway was forced to cede this county, as well as Skåneland (part of Denmark proper), to Sweden.

As of 31 December 2016, the number of inhabitants was 299,087,[1] giving a population density of 68 inhabitants per square kilometre (180/sq mi).

Administration

The provinces of Sweden serve no administrative function. Instead, that function is served by the counties of Sweden. For centuries, the administrative county for Bohuslän was Gothenburg and Bohus County, and as its name implies it consisted of the entire Bohuslän province together with the city Gothenburg. In 1998, some Swedish counties were merged to reduce administration costs, and Gothenburg and Bohus County were therefore merged into the new, much larger Västra Götaland County.

Heraldry

Bohuslän was granted its arms at the time of the funeral for Charles X Gustav of Sweden in 1660. It was identical to the arms of the Town of Kungälv. In 1962 the higher claim of the town was established and a variation for the arms of the county was introduced. The coat of arms is surmounted by a ducal coronet. Blazon: 'Argent, a Castle embattled Gules with one embattled Tower of the same and two doors Or hinged Sable between a Sword point upwards and Lion rampant holding the Tower both Azure langued and armed Or."

Geography

 
Lysekil, an old fishing village in Bohuslän

The geography is distinguished by the rocky coast, bordering an archipelago: there are about 3,000 islands and 5,000 islets (skerries). These make up the northern part of the Gothenburg archipelago, Sweden's second largest after Stockholm archipelago. In old days, the seascape was renowned for its many reefs and sunken rocks which caused many shipwrecks. Two of the largest islands, Orust and Tjörn, constitute their own municipalities. Both islands have a distinctive culture and history. However, the rocky terrain cannot be said to be mountainous: the highest point is Björnepiken at 222 meters.

Sweden's only threshold fjord, Gullmarn or Gullmarsfjorden, is located near Lysekil. It is 25 kilometres (16 mi) long and 1 to 3 kilometres (0.62 to 1.86 mi) wide with a maximum depth of 118.5 metres (389 ft). The fjord is home to unique marine life.[citation needed]

Bohuslän's coastline was ranked 7th among the world's last great wilderness areas by CNN Travel.[2]

Unlike other parts of Sweden, there are relatively few lakes or streams in Bohuslän: out of a total land area of 4,500 square kilometres (1,700 sq mi) only 177 square kilometres (68 sq mi) is freshwater. Although lakes are common, they tend to be small in size. The largest lakes are the northern and southern Bullaren lakes, with a combined area of about 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi).

Geology

 
Urhultsberget in Lysekil Municipality

Most of the coast is made up by Bohus granite formed in the aftermath of the Sveconorwegian orogeny.[3] In detail these granites have been eroded as to contain abundant small rock basins, some of them filled with clay and silt of combined glacial and marine origin.[4]

The coast of Bohuslän is a joint valley landscape.[5] Studies of denudation chronology suggest Bohuslän lies at the westernmost reaches of the Sub-Cambrian peneplain;[6] however, there is some uncerntainty on whether the hilltops are remnants of the peneplain.[7] Rather than Sub-cambrian most of the province is made up of a relief unit known as the Sub-Mesozoic hilly peneplain.[8]

Islands

Larger settlements

 
Regional flag of Bohuslän

Bohuslän's chartered cities are:

Their central areas are now non-administrative urban areas.

In addition there are several other notable settlements:

History

 
Nordic Bronze Age rock art in Bohuslän, Three men performing a ritual, circa 2nd millennium BCE, the Bronze Age.

During the 2nd millennium BCE, the Nordic Bronze Age began (c. 1700–500 BCE), including rock art such as the examples found throughout Bohuslän. During the Migration Period (300–700 CE) and the Viking Age (700–1000 CE), the area was part of Viken, and was actually known as two entities: Rånrike in the north and Elfsyssel in the south. It has been claimed that King Harald Fairhair made it part of the unified Norway in about 872, but contemporary sources give rise to doubt that Harald actually ever held the Viken area properly. The earliest proof of Båhus lands being in Norway's hands is from the 11th century.

As long as Norway was a kingdom of its own, the province prospered, and Båhus castle was one of the key fortresses of the kingdom. When Norway was united with Denmark, the province began its decline in wealth; the area was frequently attacked by Swedish forces as part of the larger border skirmishes. The Norwegian fortress, Båhus, was built to protect this territory. Being a border zone towards the Swedish kingdom, and to a lesser extent against Danish lands in Halland, the Båhus region was disproportionately populated by soldier families.

Båhuslen belonged to Denmark-Norway until it was ceded to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. The fortress of Carlsten was built in Marstrand during the 17th century. For a period, Marstrand was also a free port (porto Franco), with a free religious practice and, as such, home to the only synagogue in Sweden at the time.

 
Small fishing huts on Käringön in the Bohuslän archipelago. Drawn by Ferdinand Boberg in 1917.

The commercial fishing of herring increased in the 18th century, and the province flourished during a major herring period around 1747–1809. Many small fishing communities grew up around the coast.

Before the large scale fishing of herring started, Bohuslän had a considerable forest cover. Timber was once the largest export product and main source of income in Bohuslän. But with the increased importance of fishing, more wood was needed as construction material for houses and boats, and as fuel for herring oil boilers (trankokerier). Deforestation during the 19th century gave rise to today's rugged, rocky landscape.

Culture

A version of the Götaland dialect of Swedish is spoken in Bohuslän. The province was a part of Norway until 1658 as mentioned above. Traces of Norwegian remain in the dialect. 'Bohuslän', literally means the 'Fief of Bohus', referring to Bohus Fortress and län.

The Nordic Bronze Age (c. 1700–500 BCE) produced rock art showing scenes from the daily life and religious rituals, such as the examples found in Bohuslän. The rock art at Tanum, possibly made earlier, c. 2,500 to 3,000 years ago, have been entered as a site in the UNESCO World heritage program. Rock carvings can be found scattered throughout Bohuslän. The carvings portray the life of an agricultural society with images of daily life, with human figures, religious rituals, ships, circular objects, soles, animals, and fertility figures (e.g. phalluses); and the creation of shallow bowls.

Hundreds

Hundreds of Sweden were sub-divisions of the Swedish provinces until the early 20th century. Bohuslän's hundreds were:

Sports

Despite the non-administrative status of Bohuslän, some historical functions still remain with football being administered by Bohusläns Fotbollförbund.

Notable people from Bohuslän

People from Bohuslän are known as bohusläningar.

Gallery

  •  

    Gullholmen, Bohuslän July 2016

  •  

    Käringön, Bohuslän July 2016

  •  

    Gullholmen, Bohuslän July 2016

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Folkmängd i landskapen den 31 december 2016" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 2017-03-21. Retrieved 2017-11-25.
  2. ^ Reddy, Jini (2013-03-06). "10 of the world's last great wilderness areas". CNN. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
  3. ^ Eliasson, Thomas; Schöberg, Hans (1991). "U-Pb dating of the post-kinematic Sveconorwegian (Grenvillian) Bohus granite, SW Sweden: evidence of restitic zircon". Precambrian Research. 51 (1–4): 337–350. Bibcode:1991PreR...51..337E. doi:10.1016/0301-9268(91)90107-L.
  4. ^ Johansson, Magnus; Migon, Piotr; Olvmo, Mats (2001). "Development of joint-controlled rock basins in Bohus granite, SW Sweden". Geomorphology. 40 (1): 145–161. Bibcode:2001Geomo..40..145J. doi:10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00042-3.
  5. ^ Lidmar-Bergströrm, Karna (1995). "Relief and saprolites through time on the Baltic Shield". Geomorphology. Elsevier. 12 (1): 45–61. Bibcode:1995Geomo..12...45L. doi:10.1016/0169-555X(94)00076-4.
  6. ^ Green, Paul F.; Lidmar-Bergström, Karna; Japsen, Peter; Bonow, Johan M.; Chalmers, James A. (2013). "Stratigraphic landscape analysis, thermochronology and the episodic development of elevated, passive continental margins". Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin. 30: 18. doi:10.34194/geusb.v30.4673.
  7. ^ Lidmar-Bergström, Karna (1993). "Denudation surfaces and tectonics in the southernmost part of the Baltic Shield". Precambrian Research. 64 (1–4): 337–345. Bibcode:1993PreR...64..337L. doi:10.1016/0301-9268(93)90086-H.
  8. ^ Lidmar-Bergström, Karna; Olvmo, Mats; Bonow, Johan M. (2017). "The South Swedish Dome: a key structure for identification of peneplains and conclusions on Phanerozoic tectonics of an ancient shield". GFF. 139 (4): 244–259. doi:10.1080/11035897.2017.1364293. S2CID 134300755.
  9. ^ "Meet Lisa Emilia Svensson, the United Nations Global Director for Oceans". Investingothenburg. 2019-06-24. Retrieved 2020-02-25.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bohuslän.
  • Destination northern Bohuslän
  • Destination south Bohuslän
  • The religious background of Bohuslän rock art (PDF)

February 15, 2023
bohuslän, swedish, pronunciation, ˈbûːhʉːsˌlɛːn, listen, danish, bohuslen, norwegian, båhuslen, swedish, province, götaland, northernmost, part, country, west, coast, bordered, dalsland, northeast, västergötland, southeast, skagerrak, north, west, county, Østf. Bohuslan Swedish pronunciation ˈbuːhʉːsˌlɛːn listen Danish Bohuslen Norwegian Bahuslen is a Swedish province in Gotaland on the northernmost part of the country s west coast It is bordered by Dalsland to the northeast Vastergotland to the southeast the Skagerrak arm of the North Sea to the west and the county of Ostfold in Norway to the north In English it literally means Bohus County although it shared counties with the city of Gothenburg prior to the 1998 county merger and thus was not an administrative unit in its own right BohuslanHistorical provinceCoat of armsCoordinates 58 14 53 N 11 53 13 E 58 248 N 11 887 E 58 248 11 887 Coordinates 58 14 53 N 11 53 13 E 58 248 N 11 887 E 58 248 11 887Country SwedenLandGotalandCountyVastra Gotaland CountyArea Total4 400 km2 1 700 sq mi Population 31 December 2016 1 Total299 087 Density68 km2 180 sq mi Ethnicity LanguageSwedish DialectGotamalCulture FlowerEuropean honeysuckle AnimalHarbour seal BirdEurasian oystercatcher FishMackerelTime zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Bohuslan is named after the medieval Norwegian castle of Bohus Under the name Baahuslen it was a Norwegian county from the Norwegian conquest of the region from the Geats and subsequent unification of the country in the 870s until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 when the union of Denmark Norway was forced to cede this county as well as Skaneland part of Denmark proper to Sweden As of 31 December 2016 update the number of inhabitants was 299 087 1 giving a population density of 68 inhabitants per square kilometre 180 sq mi Contents 1 Administration 2 Heraldry 3 Geography 3 1 Geology 3 2 Islands 3 3 Larger settlements 4 History 5 Culture 6 Hundreds 7 Sports 8 Notable people from Bohuslan 9 Gallery 10 See also 11 References 12 External linksAdministration EditThe provinces of Sweden serve no administrative function Instead that function is served by the counties of Sweden For centuries the administrative county for Bohuslan was Gothenburg and Bohus County and as its name implies it consisted of the entire Bohuslan province together with the city Gothenburg In 1998 some Swedish counties were merged to reduce administration costs and Gothenburg and Bohus County were therefore merged into the new much larger Vastra Gotaland County Heraldry EditBohuslan was granted its arms at the time of the funeral for Charles X Gustav of Sweden in 1660 It was identical to the arms of the Town of Kungalv In 1962 the higher claim of the town was established and a variation for the arms of the county was introduced The coat of arms is surmounted by a ducal coronet Blazon Argent a Castle embattled Gules with one embattled Tower of the same and two doors Or hinged Sable between a Sword point upwards and Lion rampant holding the Tower both Azure langued and armed Or Geography Edit Lysekil an old fishing village in Bohuslan The geography is distinguished by the rocky coast bordering an archipelago there are about 3 000 islands and 5 000 islets skerries These make up the northern part of the Gothenburg archipelago Sweden s second largest after Stockholm archipelago In old days the seascape was renowned for its many reefs and sunken rocks which caused many shipwrecks Two of the largest islands Orust and Tjorn constitute their own municipalities Both islands have a distinctive culture and history However the rocky terrain cannot be said to be mountainous the highest point is Bjornepiken at 222 meters Sweden s only threshold fjord Gullmarn or Gullmarsfjorden is located near Lysekil It is 25 kilometres 16 mi long and 1 to 3 kilometres 0 62 to 1 86 mi wide with a maximum depth of 118 5 metres 389 ft The fjord is home to unique marine life citation needed Bohuslan s coastline was ranked 7th among the world s last great wilderness areas by CNN Travel 2 Unlike other parts of Sweden there are relatively few lakes or streams in Bohuslan out of a total land area of 4 500 square kilometres 1 700 sq mi only 177 square kilometres 68 sq mi is freshwater Although lakes are common they tend to be small in size The largest lakes are the northern and southern Bullaren lakes with a combined area of about 40 square kilometres 15 sq mi Geology Edit Urhultsberget in Lysekil Municipality Most of the coast is made up by Bohus granite formed in the aftermath of the Sveconorwegian orogeny 3 In detail these granites have been eroded as to contain abundant small rock basins some of them filled with clay and silt of combined glacial and marine origin 4 The coast of Bohuslan is a joint valley landscape 5 Studies of denudation chronology suggest Bohuslan lies at the westernmost reaches of the Sub Cambrian peneplain 6 however there is some uncerntainty on whether the hilltops are remnants of the peneplain 7 Rather than Sub cambrian most of the province is made up of a relief unit known as the Sub Mesozoic hilly peneplain 8 Islands Edit Bjorko Bohus Malmon Bratton Dyngo Dyron Foto Groto Gullholmen Hamburgo Hisingen partly Harmano Hyppeln Hallo Halso Hono Kalvsund Koster Kladesholmen Kallo Knippla Karingon Malmon Marstrand Orust Roro Reso Stenungson Tjorn Vinga Astol Ockero Larger settlements Edit Regional flag of Bohuslan Bohuslan s chartered cities are Kungalv approximately 1100 Lysekil 1903 Marstrand approximately 1200 Stromstad 1672 Uddevalla 1498 Their central areas are now non administrative urban areas In addition there are several other notable settlements Andalen Brastad Bjorlanda Fiskebackskil Fjallbacka Grebbestad Gothenburg the north western part of the city lies on Hisingen and most of this island is in Bohuslan Hamburgsund Henan Herrestad Hjuvik Hunnebostrand Kungshamn Ljungskile Munkedal Rabbalshede Ronnang Skarhamn Smogen Stenungsund Stora Hoga Tanumshede Torslanda OckeroHistory Edit Nordic Bronze Age rock art in Bohuslan Three men performing a ritual circa 2nd millennium BCE the Bronze Age During the 2nd millennium BCE the Nordic Bronze Age began c 1700 500 BCE including rock art such as the examples found throughout Bohuslan During the Migration Period 300 700 CE and the Viking Age 700 1000 CE the area was part of Viken and was actually known as two entities Ranrike in the north and Elfsyssel in the south It has been claimed that King Harald Fairhair made it part of the unified Norway in about 872 but contemporary sources give rise to doubt that Harald actually ever held the Viken area properly The earliest proof of Bahus lands being in Norway s hands is from the 11th century As long as Norway was a kingdom of its own the province prospered and Bahus castle was one of the key fortresses of the kingdom When Norway was united with Denmark the province began its decline in wealth the area was frequently attacked by Swedish forces as part of the larger border skirmishes The Norwegian fortress Bahus was built to protect this territory Being a border zone towards the Swedish kingdom and to a lesser extent against Danish lands in Halland the Bahus region was disproportionately populated by soldier families Bahuslen belonged to Denmark Norway until it was ceded to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 The fortress of Carlsten was built in Marstrand during the 17th century For a period Marstrand was also a free port porto Franco with a free religious practice and as such home to the only synagogue in Sweden at the time Small fishing huts on Karingon in the Bohuslan archipelago Drawn by Ferdinand Boberg in 1917 The commercial fishing of herring increased in the 18th century and the province flourished during a major herring period around 1747 1809 Many small fishing communities grew up around the coast Before the large scale fishing of herring started Bohuslan had a considerable forest cover Timber was once the largest export product and main source of income in Bohuslan But with the increased importance of fishing more wood was needed as construction material for houses and boats and as fuel for herring oil boilers trankokerier Deforestation during the 19th century gave rise to today s rugged rocky landscape Culture EditA version of the Gotaland dialect of Swedish is spoken in Bohuslan The province was a part of Norway until 1658 as mentioned above Traces of Norwegian remain in the dialect Bohuslan literally means the Fief of Bohus referring to Bohus Fortress and lan The Nordic Bronze Age c 1700 500 BCE produced rock art showing scenes from the daily life and religious rituals such as the examples found in Bohuslan The rock art at Tanum possibly made earlier c 2 500 to 3 000 years ago have been entered as a site in the UNESCO World heritage program Rock carvings can be found scattered throughout Bohuslan The carvings portray the life of an agricultural society with images of daily life with human figures religious rituals ships circular objects soles animals and fertility figures e g phalluses and the creation of shallow bowls Hundreds Edit Nordic Bronze Age rock art at Tanum Bohuslan Hundreds of Sweden were sub divisions of the Swedish provinces until the early 20th century Bohuslan s hundreds were Bullaren Hundred Inland Frakne Hundred Inland Northern Hundred Inland Southern Hundred Inland Torpe Hundred Kville Hundred Lane Hundred Orust Eastern Hundred Orust Western Hundred Sotenas Hundred Stangenas Hundred Sorbygden Hundred Tanum Hundred Tjorn Hundred Tunge Hundred Vette Hundred Hisingen Western HundredSports EditDespite the non administrative status of Bohuslan some historical functions still remain with football being administered by Bohuslans Fotbollforbund Notable people from Bohuslan EditPeople from Bohuslan are known as bohuslaningar Percy Barnevik Uddevalla businessman Emilie Flygare Carlen Stromstad author Emma Jacobsson Gothenburg founder of Bohus Stickning Per Jacobsson managing director of the International Monetary Fund Charles Magnus Lindgren Dragsmark Swedish American shipping executive Ture Malmgren Uddevalla journalist and politician Karl Nordstrom Tjorn artist Ernst Skarstedt Kungalv Swedish American author journalist and editor Lisa Emelia Svensson UN Ambassador for Oceans 9 Jon Nodtveidt Stromstad Singer and guitar player for the Extreme Metal band DissectionGallery Edit Gullholmen Bohuslan July 2016 Karingon Bohuslan July 2016 Gullholmen Bohuslan July 2016See also EditHistory of Sweden Prehistoric Sweden 9 000 BCE 800 CE Stone and Bronze Ages Nordic Stone Age Nordic Bronze Age History of Sweden 800 1521 CE Viking and Middle Ages References Edit a b Folkmangd i landskapen den 31 december 2016 in Swedish Statistics Sweden 2017 03 21 Retrieved 2017 11 25 Reddy Jini 2013 03 06 10 of the world s last great wilderness areas CNN Retrieved 2013 05 04 Eliasson Thomas Schoberg Hans 1991 U Pb dating of the post kinematic Sveconorwegian Grenvillian Bohus granite SW Sweden evidence of restitic zircon Precambrian Research 51 1 4 337 350 Bibcode 1991PreR 51 337E doi 10 1016 0301 9268 91 90107 L Johansson Magnus Migon Piotr Olvmo Mats 2001 Development of joint controlled rock basins in Bohus granite SW Sweden Geomorphology 40 1 145 161 Bibcode 2001Geomo 40 145J doi 10 1016 S0169 555X 01 00042 3 Lidmar Bergstrorm Karna 1995 Relief and saprolites through time on the Baltic Shield Geomorphology Elsevier 12 1 45 61 Bibcode 1995Geomo 12 45L doi 10 1016 0169 555X 94 00076 4 Green Paul F Lidmar Bergstrom Karna Japsen Peter Bonow Johan M Chalmers James A 2013 Stratigraphic landscape analysis thermochronology and the episodic development of elevated passive continental margins Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 30 18 doi 10 34194 geusb v30 4673 Lidmar Bergstrom Karna 1993 Denudation surfaces and tectonics in the southernmost part of the Baltic Shield Precambrian Research 64 1 4 337 345 Bibcode 1993PreR 64 337L doi 10 1016 0301 9268 93 90086 H Lidmar Bergstrom Karna Olvmo Mats Bonow Johan M 2017 The South Swedish Dome a key structure for identification of peneplains and conclusions on Phanerozoic tectonics of an ancient shield GFF 139 4 244 259 doi 10 1080 11035897 2017 1364293 S2CID 134300755 Meet Lisa Emilia Svensson the United Nations Global Director for Oceans Investingothenburg 2019 06 24 Retrieved 2020 02 25 article Bohuslan from Nordisk familjebok 1905 In Swedish External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bohuslan Bohuslan Official tourist site Destination northern Bohuslan Destination south Bohuslan Language The religious background of Bohuslan rock art PDF Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bohuslan amp oldid 1129306849, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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