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Atriplex vesicaria

April 15, 2024

Atriplex vesicaria, commonly known as bladder saltbush,[2] is a species of flowering plant of the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to arid and semi-arid inland regions of Australia. It is an upright or sprawling shrub with scaly leaves and separate male and female plants, the fruit often with a bladder-like appendage.

Bladder saltbush
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Amaranthaceae
Genus: Atriplex
Species:
A. vesicaria
Binomial name
Atriplex vesicaria
Heward ex Benth.[1]
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms[1]

Pachypharynx neglecta Aellen

Habit (subsp. macrocystidia) near Balranald
A macro image of an Atriplex vesicaria fruit and leaf

Description edit

Atriplex vesicaria grows as an upright or sprawling, perennial shrub up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) high. The leaves are sessile, elliptic to oblong or egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 5–25 mm (0.20–0.98 in) long, 3–15 mm (0.12–0.59 in) wide and scaly. The edges of the leaves are entire, occasionally toothed, with the leaf tips pointed or blunt.[3][4][5]

Male and female flowers are usually borne on separate plants. Male plants usually bear flowers in clusters on simple or branched panicles or spikes 20–40 mm (0.79–1.57 in) long, the flowers with five similar perianth segments. Female flowers are borne in clusters of two to many in upper leaf axils and lack a perianth, the ovary surrounded by two bracteoles. After flowering, the bracteoles swell to 3–14 mm (0.12–0.55 in) long and 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) wide, and usually have a thin-walled, bladder-like appendage attached.[3][5][6][7][8]

Taxonomy edit

Atriplex vesicaria was first formally described in 1870 by George Bentham in Flora Australiensis from an unpublished manuscript by Robert Heward.[9][10] The specific epithet (vesicaria) means "bladder-like" or "inflated",[11] referring to the appendages on the fruiting bodies.[12] The name 'Atriplex' is from the Latin atriplexum, meaning orache, a plant used as a spinach substitute.[13]

In 1938, Paul Aellen described Pachypharynx neglecta in Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie,[14] but the name is considered a synonym by the Australian Plant Census.[1]

In 1984, Geoffrey A. Parr-Smith described eight subspecies of A. vesicaria in the Flora of Australia and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

  • Atriplex vesicaria subsp. appendiculata (Benth.) Parr-Sm.[15]
  • Atriplex vesicaria subsp. calcicola Parr-Sm.[16]
  • Atriplex vesicaria subsp. incompta Parr-Sm.[17]
  • Atriplex vesicaria subsp. macrocystidia Parr-Sm.[18]
  • Atriplex vesicaria subsp. minor (Aellen) Parr-Sm.[19]
  • Atriplex vesicaria subsp. sphaerocarpa Parr-Sm.[20]
  • Atriplex vesicaria subsp. variabilis Parr-Sm.[21]
  • Atriplex vesicaria Heward ex Benth.subsp. vesicaria[22]

Distribution and habitat edit

Atriplex vesicaria is a widespread shrub that occurs across chenopod shrublands in arid and semi-arid inland areas across southern Australia,[3] in Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria. This species grows on alluvial plains, coastal dunes, salt pans, salt lakes, sandy plains and limestone ridges.[2]

In New South Wales, A. vesicaria occurs over clay soils on the Riverine Plains in the west, stony soils in the north west, and on texture-contrast soils in the south west.[23] In Victoria, A. vesicaria occurs in the Lowan Mallee, Murray Mallee, Victorian Volcanic Plain, Murray Scroll Belt, and the Robinvale Plains.[24]

Ecology and reproduction edit

Bladder saltbush is relatively long-lived, with a 25-30 year lifespan.[25] Over large areas, it can occur as the sole shrub species or as a co-dominant shrub with other perennial shrubs.[26]

Although hermaphroditic variations with bisexual flowers have been recorded, the A. vesicaria is predominantly dioecious, with male and female flowers occurring on separate plants.[25] Male flowers appear continuously or interrupted in clusters[27] on thin, simple or branched terminal spikes or panicles. Female flowers are axillary, occurring solitary or in clusters of two or more in the leaf axils.[28] The fruiting body is 6-15 millimetres in diameter, green to cream coloured, mostly orbicular and membranous, with fine veins networked throughout and concealed by inflated spongy appendages,[28] with seeds held between bracts.

This species is halophytic, able to withstand salty soils, and is adapted to dry environments.[29] In dry conditions, this plant will shed its leaves to retain moisture.

In favourable conditions, particularly after rainfall, recruitment occurs opportunistically.[26] Flowering and seed set-in can occur several times a year. Male and female flowers are carried on separate plants: however, some plants are bisexual. A vesicaria can alter its sexual state from one season to the next, with sexual expression occurring in response to weather, light intensity, temperature, soil fertility and moisture, disease, age, injury and grazing intensity, and population density.[30]

Conservation status edit

Atriplex vesicaria is not currently listed under the IUCN, however it is listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.[2] A paper published in 1989 suggested that recovery of the species from saltbush dieback may be attributed to mismanagement of some stands.[31]

Uses edit

Indigenous edit

Indigenous Australians have traditionally used the seeds and leaves of Saltbush, typically the species, Atriplex nummularia, commonly known as Old Man, Bluegreen or Giant Saltbush. The seeds are ground and used in damper, and the leaves are sometimes eaten fresh or added to meat.[32]

Agricultural edit

Atriplex vesicaria is of agricultural importance for livestock grazing, predominantly sheep grazing; however, the female plants are preferentially grazed[33] over male plants that are not as palatable due to a chemical deterrent.[34] Studies have shown that sex ratios are altered under the cumulative effects of preferential grazing.[35] The species is sensitive to grazing pressures and can experience heavy defoliation in periods of low rainfall when other perennial shrubs are unavailable.[23] Known for its drought and saline tolerance, the presence of this species is also considered a reliable indicator of pasture conditions.[36]

Food edit

Saltbush is currently considered somewhat of a delicacy and used in modern cuisine. It is known for its salty, earthy, herbal flavour and can be added to meat and vegetable dishes or used as a salt substitute.

Image gallery edit

  •  
    Atriplex vesicaria shrub in cracking clay. Stud Creek, Sturt National Park, NSW
  •  
    Abundant fruits on the Atriplex vesicaria
  •  
    A macro image of an Atriplex vesicaria fruit and leaf
  •  
    Atriplex vesicaria shrub displaying fruiting bodies
  •  
    A macro image of Atriplex vesicaria fruits
  •  
    A group of Atriplex vesicaria shrubs
  •  
    Fruiting bodies of Atriplex vesicaria subsp. macrocystidia
  •  
    Flowers and fruiting bodies of Atriplex vesicaria subsp. macrocystidia
  •  
    Branches and leaves of the Atriplex vesicaria
  •  
    Atriplex vesicaria displaying male flowers and fruit
  •  
    Clusters of fruiting bodies on the Atriplex vesicaria
  •  
    Remnant fruiting bodies from an Atriplex vesicaria shrub

See also edit

Soil-Surface Characteristics, Microtopography and Proximity to Mature Shrubs: Effects on Survival of Several Cohorts of Atriplex Vesicaria Seedlings

Survival of saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria) seedlings in heavily grazed experimental plots

Low seed availability may limit recruitment in grazed Atriplex vesicaria and contribute to its local extinction

References edit

  1. ^ a b c "Atriplex vesicaria". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "Atriplex vesicaria Benth". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. ^ a b c "Atriplex vesicaria". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  4. ^ Black, R. F. (1954). "The leaf anatomy of Australian members of the genus Atriplex. I. Atriplex vesicaria Heward and A. nummularia Lindl". Australian Journal of Botany. 2 (3): 269–286. doi:10.1071/bt9540269. ISSN 1444-9862.
  5. ^ a b "Factsheet - Atriplex vesicaria". keys.lucidcentral.org. Retrieved 2022-06-14.
  6. ^ "Atriplex vesicaria". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  7. ^ "Atriplex vesicaria". Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  8. ^ Walsh, Neville G. "Atriplex vesicaria". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  9. ^ "Atriplex vesicaria". APNI. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  10. ^ Bentham, George (1870). Flora Australiensis. Vol. 5. London: Lovell Reeve & Co. pp. 172–173. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  11. ^ William T. Stearn (1992). Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary (4th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 527.
  12. ^ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 335. ISBN 9780958034180.
  13. ^ Australian National Botanic Gardens, Parks Australia. "Atriplex nummularia - Growing Native Plants". www.anbg.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  14. ^ "Pachypharynx neglecta". APNI. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  15. ^ "Atriplex vesicaria subsp. appendiculata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  16. ^ "Atriplex vesicaria subsp. calcicola". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  17. ^ "Atriplex vesicaria". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  18. ^ "Atriplex vesicaria". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  19. ^ "Atriplex vesicaria". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  20. ^ "Atriplex vesicaria". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  21. ^ "Atriplex vesicaria". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  22. ^ "Atriplex vesicaria". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  23. ^ a b Eldridge, D. J.; Westoby, M.; Stanley, R. J. (1990). "Population Dynamics of the Perennial Rangeland Shrubs Atriplex vesicaria, Maireana astrotricha and M. pyramidata Under Grazing, 1980-87". Journal of Applied Ecology. 27 (2): 502–512. doi:10.2307/2404297. ISSN 0021-8901. JSTOR 2404297.
  24. ^ "Flora of Victoria". vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-06-14.
  25. ^ a b Walsh, D. (2005-01-01). "Sex lability discovered in Atriplex vesicaria Heward ex Benth. (Chenopodiaceae)". Journal of Arid Environments. 60 (2): 201–210. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.015. ISSN 0140-1963.
  26. ^ a b Hunt, L. P. (2010-10-28). "Spatial variation in the demography and population dynamics of a perennial shrub (Atriplex vesicaria) under sheep grazing in semi-arid Australian rangelands: PERENNIAL SHRUB DYNAMICS UNDER GRAZING". Austral Ecology. 35 (7): 794–805. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.02087.x.
  27. ^ "Bladder Saltbush | Grasslands". grasslands.ecolinc.vic.edu.au. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
  28. ^ a b Victorian Resources Online, Agriculture Victoria. "Bladder Saltbush". vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
  29. ^ Kadereit, Gudrun; Mavrodiev, Evgeny V.; Zacharias, Elizabeth H.; Sukhorukov, Alexander P. (2010-10-01). "Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C 4 photosynthesis". American Journal of Botany. 97 (10): 1664–1687. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000169. PMID 21616801.
  30. ^ Walsh, D. (2005-01-01). "Sex lability discovered in Atriplex vesicaria Heward ex Benth. (Chenopodiaceae)". Journal of Arid Environments. 60 (2): 201–210. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.03.015. ISSN 0140-1963.
  31. ^ Clift, D. K.; Dalton, K. L.; Prior, J. C. (1989). "Bladder Saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria Heward Ex Benth) Regeneration on the Riverine Plain of South-Eastern Australia since 1983". The Rangeland Journal. 11 (1): 31–39. doi:10.1071/rj9890031. ISSN 1834-7541.
  32. ^ "Saltbush - The unlikely delicacy". Warndu. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
  33. ^ Clift, D. K.; Dalton, K. L.; Prior, J. C. (1989). "Bladder Saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria Heward Ex Benth) Regeneration on the Riverine Plain of South-Eastern Australia since 1983". The Rangeland Journal. 11 (1): 31–39. doi:10.1071/rj9890031. ISSN 1834-7541.
  34. ^ Victorian Resources Online, Agriculture Victoria. "Bladder Saltbush". vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
  35. ^ Graetz, R. D. (1976). "The influence of grazing by sheep on the structure of a saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria Hew. ex Benth.) population". The Rangeland Journal. 1 (2): 117–125. doi:10.1071/rj9780117. ISSN 1834-7541.
  36. ^ Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Agriculture and Food (20 May 2022). "Bladder saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria) in the Western Australian rangelands". Retrieved 13 June 2022.

April 15, 2024
atriplex, vesicaria, commonly, known, bladder, saltbush, species, flowering, plant, family, amaranthaceae, endemic, arid, semi, arid, inland, regions, australia, upright, sprawling, shrub, with, scaly, leaves, separate, male, female, plants, fruit, often, with. Atriplex vesicaria commonly known as bladder saltbush 2 is a species of flowering plant of the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to arid and semi arid inland regions of Australia It is an upright or sprawling shrub with scaly leaves and separate male and female plants the fruit often with a bladder like appendage Bladder saltbushScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder CaryophyllalesFamily AmaranthaceaeGenus AtriplexSpecies A vesicariaBinomial nameAtriplex vesicariaHeward ex Benth 1 Occurrence data from AVHSynonyms 1 Pachypharynx neglecta AellenHabit subsp macrocystidia near BalranaldA macro image of an Atriplex vesicaria fruit and leaf Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Ecology and reproduction 5 Conservation status 6 Uses 6 1 Indigenous 6 2 Agricultural 6 3 Food 7 Image gallery 8 See also 9 ReferencesDescription editAtriplex vesicaria grows as an upright or sprawling perennial shrub up to 1 m 3 ft 3 in high The leaves are sessile elliptic to oblong or egg shaped with the narrower end towards the base 5 25 mm 0 20 0 98 in long 3 15 mm 0 12 0 59 in wide and scaly The edges of the leaves are entire occasionally toothed with the leaf tips pointed or blunt 3 4 5 Male and female flowers are usually borne on separate plants Male plants usually bear flowers in clusters on simple or branched panicles or spikes 20 40 mm 0 79 1 57 in long the flowers with five similar perianth segments Female flowers are borne in clusters of two to many in upper leaf axils and lack a perianth the ovary surrounded by two bracteoles After flowering the bracteoles swell to 3 14 mm 0 12 0 55 in long and 5 15 mm 0 20 0 59 in wide and usually have a thin walled bladder like appendage attached 3 5 6 7 8 Taxonomy editAtriplex vesicaria was first formally described in 1870 by George Bentham in Flora Australiensis from an unpublished manuscript by Robert Heward 9 10 The specific epithet vesicaria means bladder like or inflated 11 referring to the appendages on the fruiting bodies 12 The name Atriplex is from the Latin atriplexum meaning orache a plant used as a spinach substitute 13 In 1938 Paul Aellen described Pachypharynx neglecta in Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 14 but the name is considered a synonym by the Australian Plant Census 1 In 1984 Geoffrey A Parr Smith described eight subspecies of A vesicaria in the Flora of Australia and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census Atriplex vesicaria subsp appendiculata Benth Parr Sm 15 Atriplex vesicaria subsp calcicola Parr Sm 16 Atriplex vesicaria subsp incompta Parr Sm 17 Atriplex vesicaria subsp macrocystidia Parr Sm 18 Atriplex vesicaria subsp minor Aellen Parr Sm 19 Atriplex vesicaria subsp sphaerocarpa Parr Sm 20 Atriplex vesicaria subsp variabilis Parr Sm 21 Atriplex vesicaria Heward ex Benth subsp vesicaria 22 Distribution and habitat editAtriplex vesicaria is a widespread shrub that occurs across chenopod shrublands in arid and semi arid inland areas across southern Australia 3 in Western Australia Northern Territory South Australia Queensland New South Wales and Victoria This species grows on alluvial plains coastal dunes salt pans salt lakes sandy plains and limestone ridges 2 In New South Wales A vesicaria occurs over clay soils on the Riverine Plains in the west stony soils in the north west and on texture contrast soils in the south west 23 In Victoria A vesicaria occurs in the Lowan Mallee Murray Mallee Victorian Volcanic Plain Murray Scroll Belt and the Robinvale Plains 24 Ecology and reproduction editBladder saltbush is relatively long lived with a 25 30 year lifespan 25 Over large areas it can occur as the sole shrub species or as a co dominant shrub with other perennial shrubs 26 Although hermaphroditic variations with bisexual flowers have been recorded the A vesicaria is predominantly dioecious with male and female flowers occurring on separate plants 25 Male flowers appear continuously or interrupted in clusters 27 on thin simple or branched terminal spikes or panicles Female flowers are axillary occurring solitary or in clusters of two or more in the leaf axils 28 The fruiting body is 6 15 millimetres in diameter green to cream coloured mostly orbicular and membranous with fine veins networked throughout and concealed by inflated spongy appendages 28 with seeds held between bracts This species is halophytic able to withstand salty soils and is adapted to dry environments 29 In dry conditions this plant will shed its leaves to retain moisture In favourable conditions particularly after rainfall recruitment occurs opportunistically 26 Flowering and seed set in can occur several times a year Male and female flowers are carried on separate plants however some plants are bisexual A vesicaria can alter its sexual state from one season to the next with sexual expression occurring in response to weather light intensity temperature soil fertility and moisture disease age injury and grazing intensity and population density 30 Conservation status editAtriplex vesicaria is not currently listed under the IUCN however it is listed as not threatened by the Western Australia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions 2 A paper published in 1989 suggested that recovery of the species from saltbush dieback may be attributed to mismanagement of some stands 31 Uses editIndigenous edit Indigenous Australians have traditionally used the seeds and leaves of Saltbush typically the species Atriplex nummularia commonly known as Old Man Bluegreen or Giant Saltbush The seeds are ground and used in damper and the leaves are sometimes eaten fresh or added to meat 32 Agricultural edit Atriplex vesicaria is of agricultural importance for livestock grazing predominantly sheep grazing however the female plants are preferentially grazed 33 over male plants that are not as palatable due to a chemical deterrent 34 Studies have shown that sex ratios are altered under the cumulative effects of preferential grazing 35 The species is sensitive to grazing pressures and can experience heavy defoliation in periods of low rainfall when other perennial shrubs are unavailable 23 Known for its drought and saline tolerance the presence of this species is also considered a reliable indicator of pasture conditions 36 Food edit Saltbush is currently considered somewhat of a delicacy and used in modern cuisine It is known for its salty earthy herbal flavour and can be added to meat and vegetable dishes or used as a salt substitute Image gallery edit nbsp Atriplex vesicaria shrub in cracking clay Stud Creek Sturt National Park NSW nbsp Abundant fruits on the Atriplex vesicaria nbsp A macro image of an Atriplex vesicaria fruit and leaf nbsp Atriplex vesicaria shrub displaying fruiting bodies nbsp A macro image of Atriplex vesicaria fruits nbsp A group of Atriplex vesicaria shrubs nbsp Fruiting bodies of Atriplex vesicaria subsp macrocystidia nbsp Flowers and fruiting bodies of Atriplex vesicaria subsp macrocystidia nbsp Branches and leaves of the Atriplex vesicaria nbsp Atriplex vesicaria displaying male flowers and fruit nbsp Clusters of fruiting bodies on the Atriplex vesicaria nbsp Remnant fruiting bodies from an Atriplex vesicaria shrubSee also editSoil Surface Characteristics Microtopography and Proximity to Mature Shrubs Effects on Survival of Several Cohorts of Atriplex Vesicaria SeedlingsSurvival of saltbush Atriplex vesicaria seedlings in heavily grazed experimental plotsLow seed availability may limit recruitment in grazed Atriplex vesicaria and contribute to its local extinctionReferences edit a b c Atriplex vesicaria Australian Plant Census Retrieved 13 June 2022 a b c Atriplex vesicaria Benth FloraBase Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions a b c Atriplex vesicaria Australian Biological Resources Study Department of Agriculture Water and the Environment Canberra Retrieved 23 June 2022 Black R F 1954 The leaf anatomy of Australian members of the genus Atriplex I Atriplex vesicaria Heward and A nummularia Lindl Australian Journal of Botany 2 3 269 286 doi 10 1071 bt9540269 ISSN 1444 9862 a b Factsheet Atriplex vesicaria keys lucidcentral org Retrieved 2022 06 14 Atriplex vesicaria State Herbarium of South Australia Retrieved 23 June 2022 Atriplex vesicaria Northern Territory Government Retrieved 23 June 2022 Walsh Neville G Atriplex vesicaria Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Retrieved 23 June 2022 Atriplex vesicaria APNI Retrieved 13 June 2022 Bentham George 1870 Flora Australiensis Vol 5 London Lovell Reeve amp Co pp 172 173 Retrieved 13 June 2022 William T Stearn 1992 Botanical Latin History grammar syntax terminology and vocabulary 4th ed Portland Oregon Timber Press p 527 Sharr Francis Aubi George Alex 2019 Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings 3rd ed Kardinya WA Four Gables Press p 335 ISBN 9780958034180 Australian National Botanic Gardens Parks Australia Atriplex nummularia Growing Native Plants www anbg gov au Retrieved 2022 06 18 Pachypharynx neglecta APNI Retrieved 13 June 2022 Atriplex vesicaria subsp appendiculata Australian Plant Census Retrieved 13 June 2022 Atriplex vesicaria subsp calcicola Australian Plant Census Retrieved 13 June 2022 Atriplex vesicaria Australian Plant Census Retrieved 13 June 2022 Atriplex vesicaria Australian Plant Census Retrieved 13 June 2022 Atriplex vesicaria Australian Plant Census Retrieved 13 June 2022 Atriplex vesicaria Australian Plant Census Retrieved 13 June 2022 Atriplex vesicaria Australian Plant Census Retrieved 13 June 2022 Atriplex vesicaria Australian Plant Census Retrieved 13 June 2022 a b Eldridge D J Westoby M Stanley R J 1990 Population Dynamics of the Perennial Rangeland Shrubs Atriplex vesicaria Maireana astrotricha and M pyramidata Under Grazing 1980 87 Journal of Applied Ecology 27 2 502 512 doi 10 2307 2404297 ISSN 0021 8901 JSTOR 2404297 Flora of Victoria vicflora rbg vic gov au Retrieved 2022 06 14 a b Walsh D 2005 01 01 Sex lability discovered in Atriplex vesicaria Heward ex Benth Chenopodiaceae Journal of Arid Environments 60 2 201 210 doi 10 1016 j jaridenv 2004 03 015 ISSN 0140 1963 a b Hunt L P 2010 10 28 Spatial variation in the demography and population dynamics of a perennial shrub Atriplex vesicaria under sheep grazing in semi arid Australian rangelands PERENNIAL SHRUB DYNAMICS UNDER GRAZING Austral Ecology 35 7 794 805 doi 10 1111 j 1442 9993 2009 02087 x Bladder Saltbush Grasslands grasslands ecolinc vic edu au Retrieved 2022 06 13 a b Victorian Resources Online Agriculture Victoria Bladder Saltbush vro agriculture vic gov au Retrieved 2022 06 13 Kadereit Gudrun Mavrodiev Evgeny V Zacharias Elizabeth H Sukhorukov Alexander P 2010 10 01 Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae Chenopodioideae Chenopodiaceae Implications for systematics biogeography flower and fruit evolution and the origin of C 4 photosynthesis American Journal of Botany 97 10 1664 1687 doi 10 3732 ajb 1000169 PMID 21616801 Walsh D 2005 01 01 Sex lability discovered in Atriplex vesicaria Heward ex Benth Chenopodiaceae Journal of Arid Environments 60 2 201 210 doi 10 1016 j jaridenv 2004 03 015 ISSN 0140 1963 Clift D K Dalton K L Prior J C 1989 Bladder Saltbush Atriplex vesicaria Heward Ex Benth Regeneration on the Riverine Plain of South Eastern Australia since 1983 The Rangeland Journal 11 1 31 39 doi 10 1071 rj9890031 ISSN 1834 7541 Saltbush The unlikely delicacy Warndu Retrieved 2022 06 13 Clift D K Dalton K L Prior J C 1989 Bladder Saltbush Atriplex vesicaria Heward Ex Benth Regeneration on the Riverine Plain of South Eastern Australia since 1983 The Rangeland Journal 11 1 31 39 doi 10 1071 rj9890031 ISSN 1834 7541 Victorian Resources Online Agriculture Victoria Bladder Saltbush vro agriculture vic gov au Retrieved 2022 06 13 Graetz R D 1976 The influence of grazing by sheep on the structure of a saltbush Atriplex vesicaria Hew ex Benth population The Rangeland Journal 1 2 117 125 doi 10 1071 rj9780117 ISSN 1834 7541 Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Agriculture and Food 20 May 2022 Bladder saltbush Atriplex vesicaria in the Western Australian rangelands Retrieved 13 June 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Atriplex vesicaria amp oldid 1164214739, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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