fbpx
Wikipedia

Bildungsroman

March 11, 2023

In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪldʊŋs.ʁoˌmaːn], plural Bildungsromane, German pronunciation: [ˈbɪldʊŋs.ʁoˌmaːnə]) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from childhood to adulthood (coming of age),[1] in which character change is important.[2][3][4][a] The term comes from the German words Bildung ("education", alternatively "forming") and Roman ("novel").

Origin

The term was coined in 1819 by philologist Johann Karl Simon Morgenstern in his university lectures, and was later famously reprised by Wilhelm Dilthey, who legitimized it in 1870 and popularized it in 1905.[5][6] The genre is further characterized by a number of formal, topical, and thematic features.[7] The term coming-of-age novel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical.

The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland's Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle's English translation of Goethe's novel (1824) and his own Sartor Resartus (1833–34), the first English Bildungsroman, inspired many British novelists.[10][11][12] In the 20th century, it spread to France[13][14] and several other countries around the globe.[15]

The genre translates fairly directly into the cinematic form, the coming-of-age film.

Plot outline

A Bildungsroman is a growing up or "coming of age" of a generally naive person who goes in search of answers to life's questions with the expectation that these will result in gaining experience of the world. The genre evolved from folklore tales of a dunce or youngest child going out in the world to seek their fortune.[16] Usually in the beginning of the story, there is an emotional loss which makes the protagonist leave on their journey. In a Bildungsroman, the goal is maturity, and the protagonist achieves it gradually and with difficulty. The genre often features a main conflict between the main character and society. Typically, the values of society are gradually accepted by the protagonist and they are ultimately accepted into society—the protagonist's mistakes and disappointments are over. In some works, the protagonist is able to reach out and help others after having achieved maturity.

Franco Moretti "argues that the main conflict in the Bildungsroman is the myth of modernity with its overvaluation of youth and progress as it clashes with the static teleological vision of happiness and reconciliation found in the endings of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister and even Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice".[17]

There are many variations and subgenres of Bildungsroman that focus on the growth of an individual. An Entwicklungsroman ("development novel") is a story of general growth rather than self-cultivation. An Erziehungsroman ("education novel") focuses on training and formal schooling,[18] while a Künstlerroman ("artist novel") is about the development of an artist and shows a growth of the self.[19] Furthermore, some memoirs and published journals can be regarded as Bildungsroman although being predominantly factual (e.g. The Dharma Bums by Jack Kerouac or The Motorcycle Diaries by Ernesto "Che" Guevara).[20] The term is also more loosely used to describe coming-of-age films and related works in other genres.

Examples

See also: List of coming-of-age stories § In literature

Precursors

18th century

19th century

20th century

21st century

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Engel explains that the term has in recent years been applied to very different novels but originally meant a novel of formation of a character, of an individual personality on interaction (including conflict) with society. He also points out that it was, like the "novel of education" (Erziehungsroman), a subgenre of the "novel of development" (Entwicklungsroman).[5]
  2. ^ Back of the French translation in the "Folio" collection (éditions Gallimard, 2010): "[...] Avec ce roman d'apprentissage, Philip Roth poursuit son analyse de l'histoire de l'Amérique – celle des années cinquante, des tabous et des frustrations sexuelles – et de son impact sur la vie d'un homme jeune, isolé, vulnérable".

References

  1. ^ Lynch 1999.
  2. ^ Bakhtin 1996, p. 21.
  3. ^ Jeffers 2005, p. 2.
  4. ^ . Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 April 2013. Archived from the original on 28 March 2018.
  5. ^ a b Engel 2008, pp. 263–266.
  6. ^ Summerfield & Downward 2010, p. 1.
  7. ^ Iversen, Annikin Teines (2010). Change and Continuity; The Bildungsroman in English (PhD). University of Tromsø. hdl:10037/2486 – via Munin open research archive.
  8. ^ Jeffers 2005, p. 49.
  9. ^ a b Swales, Martin. The German Bildungsroman from Wieland to Hesse. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978. 38.
  10. ^ Buckley, J. H. (1974), Season of Youth: The Bildungsroman from Dickens to Golding, Harvard Univ Press, ISBN 978-0-67479-640-9.
  11. ^ Ellis, L. (1999), Appearing to Diminish: Female Development and the British Bildungsroman, 1750–1850, London: Bucknell University Press, ISBN 978-0-83875-411-5
  12. ^ Golban, Petru (December 2013). "Tailoring the Bildungsroman within a Philosophical Treatise: Sartor Resartus and the Origins of the English Novel of Formation". Journal of Faculty of Letters. 30 (2).
  13. ^ Moretti, Franco, and Albert Sbragia (1987), The Way of the World: the Bildungsroman in European Culture, London: Verso, ISBN 978-0-86091-159-3.
  14. ^ Marianne Hirsch, "The Novel of Formation as Genre: Between Great Expectations and Lost Illusions" 11 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Genre Vol. 12 (Fall 1979), pp. 293–311, University of Oklahoma
  15. ^ Slaughter, J. R. (2006), "Novel Subjects and Enabling Fictions: the Formal Articulation of International Human Rights Law", Human Rights, Inc.: The World Novel, Narrative Form, and International Law, Ch. 2 (2007), New York: Fordham University Press, ISBN 978-0-82322-817-1; doi:10.5422/fordham/9780823228171.001.0001.
  16. ^ "Franco Moretti et John Neubauer, historiens de la littérature, ont tous deux insisté sur le rôle fondamental qu'a joué le roman, depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle jusqu'à la Première Guerre mondiale, dans la construction des âges de la vie, de l'adolescence et la jeunesse. Si, avant cette période, les jeunes sont les laissés-pour-compte de la littérature romanesque, cette entrée tardive est compensée par la place centrale qu'ils occupent dans le roman de formation. Vers la fin du XIXe siècle, quand ce genre entre en crise, les jeunes sont remplacés par les adolescents, nouveaux protagonistes des œuvres de fiction. Après les écrits de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, le roman de formation, ou Bildungsroman, dont l'apogée se situe entre Les années d'apprentissage de Wilhelm Meister de Goethe (1795–1796) et l'Éducation sentimentale de Flaubert (1869), invente la figure littéraire du jeune homme voyageur. C'est à partir donc de cette période qu'il faudra retrouver certains traits des voyages fictionnels, que j'appelle matrices , qui hantent encore notre imaginaire, et que l'on retrouve dans les séjours Erasmus contemporains" (Cicchelli Vincenzo, "Les legs du voyage de formation à la Bildung cosmopolite", Le Télémaque, 2010/2 (n° 38), pp. 57–70. DOI: 10.3917/tele.038.0057.
  17. ^ Lazzaro-Weis, Carol, "The Female 'Bildungsroman': Calling It into Question", NWSA Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Winter, 1990), pp. 16–34. JSTOR 4315991
  18. ^ Malone, David H., Faculty Development, or Faculty Life as a "Bildungsroman", Profession (1979), pp. 46–50. JSTOR 25595312
  19. ^ a b Werlock, James P. (2010). The Facts on File companion to the American short story. Vol. 2. p. 387. ISBN 9781438127439.
  20. ^ "The Motorcycle Diaries by Che Guevara–HSC English Discovery 2016-07-14 at the Wayback Machine", Real Teacher Tutors. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  21. ^ Palmer, Joy; Liora Bresler; David Edward Cooper, eds. (2001). Fifty major thinkers on education: from Confucius to Dewey. Routledge Key Guides. p. 34. ISBN 0-415-23126-4.
  22. ^ "El lazarillo de Tormes" (PDF) (in Spanish). Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Spain). 2004. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  23. ^ Hanlon, Aaron (2019). "Fanny Hill and the Legibility of Consent". ELH. 86 (4): 941–966. doi:10.1353/elh.2019.0035. S2CID 213479222.
  24. ^ McCracken, David (2016). "A Burkean Analysis of the Sublimity and the Beauty of the Phallus in John Cleland's Fanny Hill". ANQ. 29 (3): 138–141. doi:10.1080/0895769X.2016.1216388. S2CID 164429385.
  25. ^ a b McWilliams, Ellen (2009). Margaret Atwood and the Female Bildungsroman. Ashgate Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-7546-6027-9. The two early English Bildungsromane already mentioned, Tom Jones and The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, are examples of coming-of-age narratives that predate the generic expectations of the German tradition.
  26. ^ Feder, Helena (2014). Ecocriticism and the Idea of Culture: Biology and the Bildungsroman. Routledge. p. 30. ISBN 9781315578644. Candide exhibits several of the traits of the "traditional" or Germanic Bildungsroman, particularly the depiction of the development of an individual through travel. As a catalogue of the horrors of the modern world, Candide — perhaps more than any of the other texts examined in this book—lives up to Moretti's articulation of the Bildungsroman as the "'symbolic form' of modernity" (5). Read from an ecocultural perspective, this philosophical Bildungsroman suggests the limitations of Dialectic 's conceptions of the Enlightenment and the subject with a model, albeit a modest one, for interaction with the world outside of rationalism's logic of domination.
  27. ^ Robison, James (1 June 2016). "Wrong Move: Utter Detachment, Utter Truth". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  28. ^ Dagradi, Sergio (1999). "Il Bildungsroman di Renzo: Una Nota Sui "Promessi Sposi"". Italianistica: Rivista di letteratura italiana. 28 (3: September/December 1999): 421–425. JSTOR 23937196.
  29. ^ Stević & Prendergast 2017.
  30. ^ Golban, Petru (December 2013). "Tailoring the Bildungsroman within a Philosophical Treatise: Sartor Resartus and the Origins of the English Novel of Formation". Journal of Faculty of Letters. 30 (2).
  31. ^ Lollar, Cortney (1996). "Jane Eyre: A Bildungsroman". The Victorian Web.
  32. ^ a b c d e f Stević & Prendergast 2017, p. 433.
  33. ^ Victorian Fiction as a Bildungsroman: Its Flourishing and Complexity. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2019. ISBN 9781527540798.
  34. ^ Frank, Joseph (2010). Dostoevsky His Life and Work. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 114. ISBN 9780691128191.
  35. ^ "The Bildungsroman in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism". Enotes.com. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  36. ^ Taft, Matthew (2020). "The work of love: Great Expectations and the English Bildungsroman". Textual Practice. 34 (12): 1969–1988. doi:10.1080/0950236X.2020.1834700. S2CID 227034524.
  37. ^ Trumpener, Katie (2020). "Actors, puppets, Girls: Little Women and the collective Bildungsroman". Textual Practice. 34 (12): 1911–1931. doi:10.1080/0950236X.2020.1834709. S2CID 227033016.
  38. ^ Knapp, Liza. "Dostoevsky and the Novel of Adultery: The Adolescent" (PDF). Core. (PDF) from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  39. ^ Martin Coyle; et al., eds. (1990). "Formalism and the Novel: Henry James". Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism. New York: Routledge Florence. p. 593.
  40. ^ Jed Esty (2012). "Unseasonable Youth: Modernism, Colonialism, and the Fiction of Development". Oxford Scholarship Online. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  41. ^ "Martin Eden Summary – Jack London – Masterplots II: American Fiction Series, Revised Edition". Enotes.com. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  42. ^ Geoffrey Nash (1994). "Ameen Rihani's The Book of Khalid and the Voice of Thomas Carlyle". New Comparison Journal. Colchester, UK: The British Comparative Literature Association, University of Essex (17).
  43. ^ "Sons and Lovers Lawrence's novel as a Bildungsroman". Enotes.com. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  44. ^ "Demian - Oxford Reference".
  45. ^ Hendriksen, Jack (1993). This side of paradise as a Bildungsroman. ISBN 0-8204-1852-8.
  46. ^ Mukherjee, Meenakshi (1985). Realism and Reality: The Novel and Society in India. Oxford University Press. p. 128. ISBN 0-19-561648-0.
  47. ^ a b c . The Top 13. 9 December 2009. Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  48. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2007 – Bio-bibliography". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  49. ^ "George Lamming, West Indian author", Encyclopædia Britannica
  50. ^ Kercheval, Jesse Lee (1997). "Continuing Conflict". Building Fiction. The Story Press. p. 101. ISBN 1-884910-28-9.
  51. ^ Peters-Little, Frances; Curthoys, Ann; Docker, John (September 2010). "Epistemological vertigo and allegory". Passionate Histories: Myth, Memory and Indigenous Australia. ANU E Press. p. 62. ISBN 9781921666650.
  52. ^ Hicks, Patrick (July–December 1999). "History and Masculinity in Brian Moore's 'The Emperor of Ice-Cream'". The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies. 25 (1/2): 400–413. doi:10.2307/25515283. JSTOR 25515283.
  53. ^ McGregor, Gaile (1987). "The Technomyth in Transition: Reading American Popular Culture". Journal of American Studies. 21 (3): 387–409. doi:10.1017/S0021875800022891. S2CID 145732487.
  54. ^ a b Melanie Kinchen; et al. (13 July 2006). . Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  55. ^ Griffin, Jan M. "Ursula LeGuin's Magical World of Earthsea". The ALAN Review. 23 (3). Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  56. ^ Jay McInerney. "The Good Life". transcript of podcast.
  57. ^ "Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit: Context". Sparknotes. 27 August 1959. from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  58. ^ Rosenberg, Alyssa (30 July 2010). "Norwegian Wood: On Having a Girl, and Losing Her". The Atlantic Monthly.
  59. ^ Lewis, Barry (2007). My Words Echo Thus: Possessing the Past in Peter Ackroyd. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1570036682.
  60. ^ Marty Beckerman. . Word Riot. Word Riot. Archived from the original on 13 January 2005. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
  61. ^ "Naruto is the quintessential Bildungsroman". The Lawrentian. 2 February 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  62. ^ Tara Ann Carter (6 October 2013). (PDF). John Bartram High School. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
  63. ^ "Secret Life of Bees-Character Analysis". from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  64. ^ Khaled Hosseini (4 March 1965). "Katherine C. (Berwyn, PA)'s review of The Kite Runner". Goodreads.com. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  65. ^ Kurth, Peter (12 September 2003). "The dreamer of Brooklyn". Salon. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  66. ^ Mcinerney, Jay (28 August 2005). "Indecision: Getting It Together". The New York Times.
  67. ^ "Wonder Year (Black Swan Green by David Mitchell)". The New York Times. 16 April 2006.
  68. ^ Sholes, Lucy (18 August 2018). "Washington Black is a slave story told with a fresh sense of urgency". The National.
  69. ^ Nkwachukwu Ogbuagu. "Words of a Shaman". Retrieved 6 November 2022.

Bibliography

  • Abel, Elizabeth; Hirsch, Marianne; Langland, Elizabeth (1983), The Voyage In: Fictions of Female Development, Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail (1996), "The Bildungsroman and its Significance in the History of Realism", in Emerson, Caryl; Holquist, Michael (eds.), Speech Genres and Other Late Essays, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, pp. 10–59, ISBN 978-0-292-79256-2, OCLC 956882417.
  • Bolaki, Stella (2011), Unsettling the Bildungsroman: Reading Contemporary Ethnic American Women's Fiction, Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi.
  • Engel, Manfred (2008), "Variants of the Romantic 'Bildungsroman' (with a Short Note on the 'Artist Novel')", in Gerald Gillespie; Manfred Engel; Bernard Dieterle (eds.), Romantic Prose Fiction, A Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, vol. XXIII, Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 263–295, ISBN 978-90-272-3456-8.
  • Esty, Jed (2011), Unseasonable Youth: Modernism, Colonialism, and the Fiction of Development, Oxford University Press.
  • Feng, Pin-chia Kingston A. (1997), The Female Bildungsroman by Toni Morrison and Maxine Hong Kingston: A Postmodern Reading, Modern American Literature: New Approaches, New York: Peter Lang.
  • Foley, Barbara (1993), Radical Representations: Politics and Form in U.S. Proletarian Fiction, 1929–1941, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Hegel, G. W. F. (1988), Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art, Volume One, translated by T. M. Knox, Oxford: Clarendon.
  • Iversen, Anniken Telnes (2009), Change and Continuity: The Bildungsroman in English (PDF) (PhD), University of Tromsø, archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
  • Japtok, Martin Michael (2005), Growing up Ethnic: Nationalism and the Bildungsroman in African-American and Jewish-American Fiction, University of Iowa Press.
  • Jeffers, Thomas L. (2005), Apprenticeships: The Bildungsroman from Goethe to Santayana, New York: Palgrave, ISBN 1-4039-6607-9.
  • Karafilis, Maria (1998), "Crossing the Borders of Genre: Revisions of the Bindungsroman in Sandra Cisneros's the House on Mango Street and Jamaica Kincaid's Annie John", Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, 31 (2): 63–78, doi:10.2307/1315091, JSTOR 1315091.
  • Komm, Katrin (1997), "Entwicklungsroman", in Friederike Eigler; Susanne Kord (eds.), The Feminist Encyclopaedia of German Literature, Wesport: Greenwood Press.
  • Le Seur, Geta J. (1995), Ten is the Age of Darkness: The Black Bildungsroman, University of Missouri Press.
  • Lynch, Jack (1999), , Guide to Literary Terms, Rutgers University, archived from the original on 5 August 2011, retrieved 24 May 2020.
  • Minden, Michael (1997), The German Bildungsroman: Incest and Inheritance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Moretti, Franco (1987), The Way of the World: The Bildungsroman in European Culture, London: Verso.
  • Nyatetu-Waigwa, Wangari wa (1996), The Liminal Novel: Studies in the Francophone-African Novel as Bildungsroman, New York: Peter Lang.
  • Otano, Alicia (2005), "Speaking the Past: Child Perspective in the Asian American Bildungsroman", Contributions to Asian American Literary Studies, Lit Verlag.
  • Stević, Aleksandar; Prendergast, Christopher (2017), "Realism, the Bildungsroman, and the Art of Self-Invention: Stendhal and Balzac", A History of Modern French Literature, Princeton University Press, pp. 414–435.
  • Summerfield, Giovanna; Downward, Lisa (2010), New Perspectives on the European Bildungsroman, London; New York: Continuum, ISBN 978-1441108531.

Further reading

  • Abrams, M. H. (2005). Glossary of Literary Terms (8th ed.). Boston: Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN 1-4130-0218-8.
  • Madden, David (1980). "Bildungsroman". A Primer of the Novel: For Readers and Writers. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0810812659.
    Revised edition, with bibliographic updates by Charles Bane and Sean M. Flory (Scarecrow Press, 2006). ISBN 978-0810857087
  • Slaughter, Joseph R. (2011). "Bildungsroman/Künstlerroman". In Logan, Peter Melville (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Novel. Vol. 1. Oxford; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 93–97. ISBN 978-1-4051-6184-8.

External links

 
Look up Bildungsroman in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  • - academic digital humanities project featuring user-submitted articles on genre exemplars and contemporary personal narratives, edited by English literature professor

March 11, 2023
bildungsroman, literary, criticism, german, pronunciation, ˈbɪldʊŋs, ʁoˌmaːn, plural, german, pronunciation, ˈbɪldʊŋs, ʁoˌmaːnə, literary, genre, that, focuses, psychological, moral, growth, protagonist, from, childhood, adulthood, coming, which, character, ch. In literary criticism a Bildungsroman German pronunciation ˈbɪldʊŋs ʁoˌmaːn plural Bildungsromane German pronunciation ˈbɪldʊŋs ʁoˌmaːne is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from childhood to adulthood coming of age 1 in which character change is important 2 3 4 a The term comes from the German words Bildung code deu promoted to code de education alternatively forming and Roman code deu promoted to code de novel Contents 1 Origin 2 Plot outline 3 Examples 3 1 Precursors 3 2 18th century 3 3 19th century 3 4 20th century 3 5 21st century 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 Further reading 9 External linksOrigin EditThe term was coined in 1819 by philologist Johann Karl Simon Morgenstern in his university lectures and was later famously reprised by Wilhelm Dilthey who legitimized it in 1870 and popularized it in 1905 5 6 The genre is further characterized by a number of formal topical and thematic features 7 The term coming of age novel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman but its use is usually wider and less technical The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1795 96 8 or sometimes to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon code deu promoted to code de of 1767 9 Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world Thomas Carlyle s English translation of Goethe s novel 1824 and his own Sartor Resartus 1833 34 the first English Bildungsroman inspired many British novelists 10 11 12 In the 20th century it spread to France 13 14 and several other countries around the globe 15 The genre translates fairly directly into the cinematic form the coming of age film Plot outline EditA Bildungsroman is a growing up or coming of age of a generally naive person who goes in search of answers to life s questions with the expectation that these will result in gaining experience of the world The genre evolved from folklore tales of a dunce or youngest child going out in the world to seek their fortune 16 Usually in the beginning of the story there is an emotional loss which makes the protagonist leave on their journey In a Bildungsroman the goal is maturity and the protagonist achieves it gradually and with difficulty The genre often features a main conflict between the main character and society Typically the values of society are gradually accepted by the protagonist and they are ultimately accepted into society the protagonist s mistakes and disappointments are over In some works the protagonist is able to reach out and help others after having achieved maturity Franco Moretti argues that the main conflict in the Bildungsroman is the myth of modernity with its overvaluation of youth and progress as it clashes with the static teleological vision of happiness and reconciliation found in the endings of Goethe s Wilhelm Meister and even Jane Austen s Pride and Prejudice 17 There are many variations and subgenres of Bildungsroman that focus on the growth of an individual An Entwicklungsroman development novel is a story of general growth rather than self cultivation An Erziehungsroman education novel focuses on training and formal schooling 18 while a Kunstlerroman artist novel is about the development of an artist and shows a growth of the self 19 Furthermore some memoirs and published journals can be regarded as Bildungsroman although being predominantly factual e g The Dharma Bums by Jack Kerouac orThe Motorcycle Diaries by Ernesto Che Guevara 20 The term is also more loosely used to describe coming of age films and related works in other genres Examples EditSee also List of coming of age stories In literature Precursors Edit Hayy ibn Yaqdhan code ara promoted to code ar by Ibn Tufail 12th century 21 Lazarillo de Tormes code spa promoted to code es first edition 1554 22 El Criticon code spa promoted to code es by Baltasar Gracian first edition 1651 Usually considered the pioneering work in its modern form 18th century Edit Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure Fanny Hill by John Cleland 1748 23 24 The History of Tom Jones a Foundling by Henry Fielding 1749 25 Candide by Voltaire 1759 26 The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy Gentleman by Laurence Sterne 1759 25 Geschichte des Agathon code deu promoted to code de by Christoph Martin Wieland 1767 often considered the first true Bildungsroman 9 Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe 1795 96 27 19th century Edit The Betrothed by Alessandro Manzoni 1827 28 The Red and The Black by Stendhal 1830 29 Sartor Resartus by Thomas Carlyle 1833 34 30 Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte 1847 31 32 Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte 1847 33 Netochka Nezvanova code rus promoted to code ru by Fyodor Dostoevsky 1849 34 David Copperfield by Charles Dickens 1850 32 Green Henry by Gottfried Keller 1855 35 The Morgesons by Elizabeth Stoddard 1862 Great Expectations by Charles Dickens 1861 36 32 Little Women by Louisa May Alcott 1869 37 Sentimental Education by Gustave Flaubert 1869 32 The Adolescent by Fyodor Dostoevsky 1875 38 What Maisie Knew by Henry James 1897 39 20th century Edit Kim by Rudyard Kipling 1901 40 Martin Eden by Jack London 1909 41 The Book of Khalid by Ameen Rihani 1911 42 Sons and Lovers by D H Lawrence 1913 43 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce 1916 19 32 Demian by Hermann Hesse 1919 44 This Side of Paradise by F Scott Fitzgerald 1920 45 The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann 1924 32 Pather Panchali by Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay 1929 46 The Catcher in the Rye by J D Salinger 1951 47 Children of Violence by Doris Lessing 1952 1969 48 In the Castle of My Skin by George Lamming 1953 49 A Separate Peace by John Knowles 1956 Goodbye Columbus by Philip Roth 1959 50 To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee 1960 47 Wake in Fright by Kenneth Cook 1961 51 The Emperor of Ice Cream by Brian Moore 1965 52 Dune by Frank Herbert 1965 53 The Outsiders by S E Hinton 1967 54 A Wizard of Earthsea by Ursula K Le Guin 1968 55 Bright Lights Big City by Jay McInerney 1984 56 Ender s Game by Orson Scott Card 1985 54 Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit by Jeanette Winterson 1985 57 Norwegian Wood by Haruki Murakami 1987 58 English Music by Peter Ackroyd 1992 59 The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky 1999 60 Naruto by Masashi Kishimoto 1999 61 Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi 2000 62 21st century Edit The Secret Life of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd 2002 63 The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini 2003 64 The Fortress of Solitude by Jonathan Lethem 2003 65 Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro 2005 47 Indecision by Benjamin Kunkel 2005 66 Black Swan Green by David Mitchell 2006 67 Indignation by Philip Roth 2008 b Washington Black by Esi Edugyan 2018 68 Words of a Shaman by Nkwachukwu Ogbuagu 2019 69 See also EditBildung Kunstlerroman Mirrors for princes Roman a clefNotes Edit Engel explains that the term has in recent years been applied to very different novels but originally meant a novel of formation of a character of an individual personality on interaction including conflict with society He also points out that it was like the novel of education Erziehungsroman a subgenre of the novel of development Entwicklungsroman 5 Back of the French translation in the Folio collection editions Gallimard 2010 Avec ce roman d apprentissage Philip Roth poursuit son analyse de l histoire de l Amerique celle des annees cinquante des tabous et des frustrations sexuelles et de son impact sur la vie d un homme jeune isole vulnerable References Edit Lynch 1999 Bakhtin 1996 p 21 Jeffers 2005 p 2 Bildungsroman German literary genre Encyclopaedia Britannica 22 April 2013 Archived from the original on 28 March 2018 a b Engel 2008 pp 263 266 Summerfield amp Downward 2010 p 1 Iversen Annikin Teines 2010 Change and Continuity The Bildungsroman in English PhD University of Tromso hdl 10037 2486 via Munin open research archive Jeffers 2005 p 49 a b Swales Martin The German Bildungsroman from Wieland to Hesse Princeton Princeton University Press 1978 38 Buckley J H 1974 Season of Youth The Bildungsroman from Dickens to Golding Harvard Univ Press ISBN 978 0 67479 640 9 Ellis L 1999 Appearing to Diminish Female Development and the British Bildungsroman 1750 1850 London Bucknell University Press ISBN 978 0 83875 411 5 Golban Petru December 2013 Tailoring the Bildungsroman within a Philosophical Treatise Sartor Resartus and the Origins of the English Novel of Formation Journal of Faculty of Letters 30 2 Moretti Franco and Albert Sbragia 1987 The Way of the World the Bildungsroman in European Culture London Verso ISBN 978 0 86091 159 3 Marianne Hirsch The Novel of Formation as Genre Between Great Expectations and Lost Illusions Archived 11 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine Genre Vol 12 Fall 1979 pp 293 311 University of Oklahoma Slaughter J R 2006 Novel Subjects and Enabling Fictions the Formal Articulation of International Human Rights Law Human Rights Inc The World Novel Narrative Form and International Law Ch 2 2007 New York Fordham University Press ISBN 978 0 82322 817 1 doi 10 5422 fordham 9780823228171 001 0001 Franco Moretti et John Neubauer historiens de la litterature ont tous deux insiste sur le role fondamental qu a joue le roman depuis la fin du XVIIIe siecle jusqu a la Premiere Guerre mondiale dans la construction des ages de la vie de l adolescence et la jeunesse Si avant cette periode les jeunes sont les laisses pour compte de la litterature romanesque cette entree tardive est compensee par la place centrale qu ils occupent dans le roman de formation Vers la fin du XIXe siecle quand ce genre entre en crise les jeunes sont remplaces par les adolescents nouveaux protagonistes des œuvres de fiction Apres les ecrits de Jean Jacques Rousseau le roman de formation ou Bildungsroman dont l apogee se situe entre Les annees d apprentissage de Wilhelm Meister de Goethe 1795 1796 et l Education sentimentale de Flaubert 1869 invente la figure litteraire du jeune homme voyageur C est a partir donc de cette periode qu il faudra retrouver certains traits des voyages fictionnels que j appelle matrices qui hantent encore notre imaginaire et que l on retrouve dans les sejours Erasmus contemporains Cicchelli Vincenzo Les legs du voyage de formation a la Bildung cosmopolite Le Telemaque 2010 2 n 38 pp 57 70 DOI 10 3917 tele 038 0057 Lazzaro Weis Carol The Female Bildungsroman Calling It into Question NWSA Journal Vol 2 No 1 Winter 1990 pp 16 34 JSTOR 4315991 Malone David H Faculty Development or Faculty Life as a Bildungsroman Profession 1979 pp 46 50 JSTOR 25595312 a b Werlock James P 2010 The Facts on File companion to the American short story Vol 2 p 387 ISBN 9781438127439 The Motorcycle Diaries by Che Guevara HSC English Discovery Archived 2016 07 14 at the Wayback Machine Real Teacher Tutors Retrieved 12 July 2016 Palmer Joy Liora Bresler David Edward Cooper eds 2001 Fifty major thinkers on education from Confucius to Dewey Routledge Key Guides p 34 ISBN 0 415 23126 4 El lazarillo de Tormes PDF in Spanish Ministerio de Educacion Cultura y Deporte Spain 2004 p 1 Archived from the original PDF on 9 October 2022 Retrieved 24 November 2013 Hanlon Aaron 2019 Fanny Hill and the Legibility of Consent ELH 86 4 941 966 doi 10 1353 elh 2019 0035 S2CID 213479222 McCracken David 2016 A Burkean Analysis of the Sublimity and the Beauty of the Phallus in John Cleland s Fanny Hill ANQ 29 3 138 141 doi 10 1080 0895769X 2016 1216388 S2CID 164429385 a b McWilliams Ellen 2009 Margaret Atwood and the Female Bildungsroman Ashgate Publishing p 14 ISBN 978 0 7546 6027 9 The two early English Bildungsromane already mentioned Tom Jones and The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy are examples of coming of age narratives that predate the generic expectations of the German tradition Feder Helena 2014 Ecocriticism and the Idea of Culture Biology and the Bildungsroman Routledge p 30 ISBN 9781315578644 Candide exhibits several of the traits of the traditional or Germanic Bildungsroman particularly the depiction of the development of an individual through travel As a catalogue of the horrors of the modern world Candide perhaps more than any of the other texts examined in this book lives up to Moretti s articulation of the Bildungsroman as the symbolic form of modernity 5 Read from an ecocultural perspective this philosophical Bildungsroman suggests the limitations of Dialectic s conceptions of the Enlightenment and the subject with a model albeit a modest one for interaction with the world outside of rationalism s logic of domination Robison James 1 June 2016 Wrong Move Utter Detachment Utter Truth The Criterion Collection Retrieved 9 June 2016 Dagradi Sergio 1999 Il Bildungsroman di Renzo Una Nota Sui Promessi Sposi Italianistica Rivista di letteratura italiana 28 3 September December 1999 421 425 JSTOR 23937196 Stevic amp Prendergast 2017 Golban Petru December 2013 Tailoring the Bildungsroman within a Philosophical Treatise Sartor Resartus and the Origins of the English Novel of Formation Journal of Faculty of Letters 30 2 Lollar Cortney 1996 Jane Eyre A Bildungsroman The Victorian Web a b c d e f Stevic amp Prendergast 2017 p 433 Victorian Fiction as a Bildungsroman Its Flourishing and Complexity Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2019 ISBN 9781527540798 Frank Joseph 2010 Dostoevsky His Life and Work New Jersey Princeton University Press p 114 ISBN 9780691128191 The Bildungsroman in Nineteenth Century Literature Criticism Enotes com Retrieved 21 April 2011 Taft Matthew 2020 The work of love Great Expectations and the English Bildungsroman Textual Practice 34 12 1969 1988 doi 10 1080 0950236X 2020 1834700 S2CID 227034524 Trumpener Katie 2020 Actors puppets Girls Little Women and the collective Bildungsroman Textual Practice 34 12 1911 1931 doi 10 1080 0950236X 2020 1834709 S2CID 227033016 Knapp Liza Dostoevsky and the Novel of Adultery The Adolescent PDF Core Archived PDF from the original on 9 July 2021 Retrieved 21 October 2022 Martin Coyle et al eds 1990 Formalism and the Novel Henry James Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism New York Routledge Florence p 593 Jed Esty 2012 Unseasonable Youth Modernism Colonialism and the Fiction of Development Oxford Scholarship Online Oxford UK Oxford University Press Martin Eden Summary Jack London Masterplots II American Fiction Series Revised Edition Enotes com Retrieved 21 April 2011 Geoffrey Nash 1994 Ameen Rihani s The Book of Khalid and the Voice of Thomas Carlyle New Comparison Journal Colchester UK The British Comparative Literature Association University of Essex 17 Sons and Lovers Lawrence s novel as a Bildungsroman Enotes com Retrieved 21 April 2011 Demian Oxford Reference Hendriksen Jack 1993 This side of paradise as a Bildungsroman ISBN 0 8204 1852 8 Mukherjee Meenakshi 1985 Realism and Reality The Novel and Society in India Oxford University Press p 128 ISBN 0 19 561648 0 a b c The Top 13 Coming of Age Novels The Top 13 9 December 2009 Archived from the original on 25 December 2010 Retrieved 21 April 2011 The Nobel Prize in Literature 2007 Bio bibliography www nobelprize org Retrieved 19 March 2018 George Lamming West Indian author Encyclopaedia Britannica Kercheval Jesse Lee 1997 Continuing Conflict Building Fiction The Story Press p 101 ISBN 1 884910 28 9 Peters Little Frances Curthoys Ann Docker John September 2010 Epistemological vertigo and allegory Passionate Histories Myth Memory and Indigenous Australia ANU E Press p 62 ISBN 9781921666650 Hicks Patrick July December 1999 History and Masculinity in Brian Moore s The Emperor of Ice Cream The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 25 1 2 400 413 doi 10 2307 25515283 JSTOR 25515283 McGregor Gaile 1987 The Technomyth in Transition Reading American Popular Culture Journal of American Studies 21 3 387 409 doi 10 1017 S0021875800022891 S2CID 145732487 a b Melanie Kinchen et al 13 July 2006 Bildungsroman Novels for Young Adults Archived from the original on 28 April 2012 Retrieved 12 April 2012 Griffin Jan M Ursula LeGuin s Magical World of Earthsea The ALAN Review 23 3 Retrieved 10 June 2013 Jay McInerney The Good Life transcript of podcast Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit Context Sparknotes 27 August 1959 Archived from the original on 3 May 2011 Retrieved 21 April 2011 Rosenberg Alyssa 30 July 2010 Norwegian Wood On Having a Girl and Losing Her The Atlantic Monthly Lewis Barry 2007 My Words Echo Thus Possessing the Past in Peter Ackroyd University of South Carolina Press ISBN 978 1570036682 Marty Beckerman An Interview with Stephen Chbosky Word Riot Word Riot Archived from the original on 13 January 2005 Retrieved 27 May 2012 Naruto is the quintessential Bildungsroman The Lawrentian 2 February 2018 Retrieved 7 June 2020 Tara Ann Carter 6 October 2013 Reading Persepolis Defining and Redefining Culture Gender and Genre PDF John Bartram High School Archived from the original PDF on 28 January 2018 Retrieved 6 October 2013 Secret Life of Bees Character Analysis Archived from the original on 3 May 2011 Retrieved 21 April 2011 Khaled Hosseini 4 March 1965 Katherine C Berwyn PA s review of The Kite Runner Goodreads com Retrieved 21 April 2011 Kurth Peter 12 September 2003 The dreamer of Brooklyn Salon Retrieved 19 March 2018 Mcinerney Jay 28 August 2005 Indecision Getting It Together The New York Times Wonder Year Black Swan Green by David Mitchell The New York Times 16 April 2006 Sholes Lucy 18 August 2018 Washington Black is a slave story told with a fresh sense of urgency The National Nkwachukwu Ogbuagu Words of a Shaman Retrieved 6 November 2022 Bibliography EditAbel Elizabeth Hirsch Marianne Langland Elizabeth 1983 The Voyage In Fictions of Female Development Hanover NH University Press of New England Bakhtin Mikhail 1996 The Bildungsroman and its Significance in the History of Realism in Emerson Caryl Holquist Michael eds Speech Genres and Other Late Essays Austin TX University of Texas Press pp 10 59 ISBN 978 0 292 79256 2 OCLC 956882417 Bolaki Stella 2011 Unsettling the Bildungsroman Reading Contemporary Ethnic American Women s Fiction Amsterdam and New York Rodopi Engel Manfred 2008 Variants of the Romantic Bildungsroman with a Short Note on the Artist Novel in Gerald Gillespie Manfred Engel Bernard Dieterle eds Romantic Prose Fiction A Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages vol XXIII Philadelphia John Benjamins pp 263 295 ISBN 978 90 272 3456 8 Esty Jed 2011 Unseasonable Youth Modernism Colonialism and the Fiction of Development Oxford University Press Feng Pin chia Kingston A 1997 The Female Bildungsroman by Toni Morrison and Maxine Hong Kingston A Postmodern Reading Modern American Literature New Approaches New York Peter Lang Foley Barbara 1993 Radical Representations Politics and Form in U S Proletarian Fiction 1929 1941 Durham NC Duke University Press Hegel G W F 1988 Aesthetics Lectures on Fine Art Volume One translated by T M Knox Oxford Clarendon Iversen Anniken Telnes 2009 Change and Continuity The Bildungsroman in English PDF PhD University of Tromso archived PDF from the original on 9 October 2022 Japtok Martin Michael 2005 Growing up Ethnic Nationalism and the Bildungsroman in African American and Jewish American Fiction University of Iowa Press Jeffers Thomas L 2005 Apprenticeships The Bildungsroman from Goethe to Santayana New York Palgrave ISBN 1 4039 6607 9 Karafilis Maria 1998 Crossing the Borders of Genre Revisions of the Bindungsroman in Sandra Cisneros s the House on Mango Street and Jamaica Kincaid s Annie John Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 31 2 63 78 doi 10 2307 1315091 JSTOR 1315091 Komm Katrin 1997 Entwicklungsroman in Friederike Eigler Susanne Kord eds The Feminist Encyclopaedia of German Literature Wesport Greenwood Press Le Seur Geta J 1995 Ten is the Age of Darkness The Black Bildungsroman University of Missouri Press Lynch Jack 1999 Glossary of Literary and Rhetorical Terms Guide to Literary Terms Rutgers University archived from the original on 5 August 2011 retrieved 24 May 2020 Minden Michael 1997 The German Bildungsroman Incest and Inheritance Cambridge Cambridge University Press Moretti Franco 1987 The Way of the World The Bildungsroman in European Culture London Verso Nyatetu Waigwa Wangari wa 1996 The Liminal Novel Studies in the Francophone African Novel as Bildungsroman New York Peter Lang Otano Alicia 2005 Speaking the Past Child Perspective in the Asian American Bildungsroman Contributions to Asian American Literary Studies Lit Verlag Stevic Aleksandar Prendergast Christopher 2017 Realism the Bildungsroman and the Art of Self Invention Stendhal and Balzac A History of Modern French Literature Princeton University Press pp 414 435 Summerfield Giovanna Downward Lisa 2010 New Perspectives on the European Bildungsroman London New York Continuum ISBN 978 1441108531 Further reading EditAbrams M H 2005 Glossary of Literary Terms 8th ed Boston Thomson Wadsworth ISBN 1 4130 0218 8 Madden David 1980 Bildungsroman A Primer of the Novel For Readers and Writers Metuchen NJ Scarecrow Press pp 18 19 ISBN 978 0810812659 Revised edition with bibliographic updates by Charles Bane and Sean M Flory Scarecrow Press 2006 ISBN 978 0810857087 Slaughter Joseph R 2011 Bildungsroman Kunstlerroman In Logan Peter Melville ed The Encyclopedia of the Novel Vol 1 Oxford Malden MA Wiley Blackwell pp 93 97 ISBN 978 1 4051 6184 8 External links Edit Look up Bildungsroman in Wiktionary the free dictionary The Bildungsroman Project academic digital humanities project featuring user submitted articles on genre exemplars and contemporary personal narratives edited by English literature professor Katherine CarlsonPortals Novels Literature Education Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bildungsroman amp oldid 1138832677, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.