Bhoopali

For the demonym, see Bhopal. For other uses, see Bhopali (disambiguation).

Bhoopali, also known as Bhoop, Bhopali, or Bhupali, is a Hindustani classical raga. Bhupālī, is a raag in Kalyan Thaat. It is a pentatonic scale (uses 5 notes in ascending and descending scale).^[1] Most of the songs in this raga are based on Bhakti rasa. Since it uses 5 notes, belongs to the "Audav jaati" of ragas.

Bhoopali

Thaat	Kalyan
Type	Audava
Time of day	Early night, 7-9 PM
Arohana	S R G P D S'
Avarohana	S' D P G R S
Pakad	S R G R S D1 S R G S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S G R P G G R S R D1 S G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S
Chalan	S R G R S D1 S R G S R G R S D1 P1 P1 D1 S R G R G S R P G G R S R G P G P D P D D S’ P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’ G’ R’ S’ D P G R S
Vadi	G
Samavadi	D
Synonym	Bhup Bhup Kalyan
Equivalent	Mohanam Major pentatonic scale

The same raga in Carnatic music is known as Mohanam.

Raga Bhoopali, Raga Yaman, and Raga Bhairav tend to be the three basic ragas of Hindustani music, learned first by its students.^[2]

Theory

Madhuvanti Pal plays raag Bhoopali on rudra veena

Karhade (2011) explains that raga Bhopali consists of just 5 notes - सा रे ग प ध (sa, re, ga, pa and dha).^[3]

It does not use Ma (also called Madhyam) and Ni (also called Nishadh).^[3] It is said that the absence of Ni (representative of physical pleasure) and Ma (representative of loving) means this raga is about non-attachment.^[4]

The Introduction consists of two parts – Aaroh आरोह (where the notes are simply recited on an ascending scale) and Avaroha (where the notes are simply recited on a descending order)^[3]

Thereafter, with these same five notes, different combinations are made by the singer, similar to short phrases, also called "chalan".^[3]

Aroha and avaroha

The scale of Bhopali uses only Shuddh swaras.

• Aroha (ascent): Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa'
• Avaroha (descent): Sa'! Dha Pa Ga Re Sa

Vadi and samavadi

• Vadi

Gandhar – ga

• Samavadi

Dhaivat – Dha

Alap

1. S, D1 D1...S, R - - S...D1 S..., D1 - - - P1, S - - - D1 S - - D1 P1, P1 D1, D1 D1 S

^[5]

Pakad and chalan

The Pakad (catchphrase that often helps in identifying a raga) is:

S R G R S D1 S R G

or:

S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S

or:

G R P G G R S R D1 S

or:

G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S

or:

G R P G S R D1 S

Some chalans (elaborations of the pakad) are:

1. S R G R S D1 S R G
2. S R G R S D1 P1
3. P1 D1 S R G R G
4. S R P G
5. G R S R G P
6. G P D P D D S’
7. P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
8. G’ R’ S’ D P G R S

Note: Normally written swaras (individual notes) indicate the middle octave. A swara immediately followed by 1 indicates the mandra saptak (lower octave) and ' indicates the taar saptak (higher octave).

A few movements in Bhopali are important to note. There is typically a slide when descending between Sa and Dha, as well as between Pa and Ga. These slides parallel each other and can be used to create a symmetry about how the Swaras are developed. Also, many performers will bring out the Kalyan flavor of Bhopali by using abhasi of the notes Shuddha Ni and Tivra Ma. That is to say, these notes are only vaguely suggested in passing ornaments, not actually sung for long enough for the Swara to become a clear part of the Raga. Some examples would be:

(N₁)D₁ S

P(m)P(m) D P

where the notes in parentheses are connected by slides or sung as meend.

Bandish

This bandish is bound with Teentaal (16 beats).

1 2 3 4 | 5 6 7 8 | 9 10 11 12 | 13 14 15 16 |

Asthayi:

D S D2 P | G2 R2 S R2 |

G2 _ G2 P | G2 R2 S _ |

S R2 G2 P | R2 G2 P D2 |

G2 P D2 P | G2 R2 S _ |

Antara:

G2 _ G2 G2 |P _ D2 P |

S' _ S' S' |D3 R3 S' _|

G3 G3 R3 S'|R3 R3 S' D3|

S' _ D2 P |G2 R2 S _|

The Asthayi starts with the 9th beat.

Organisation and relationships

Raga Bhoopali belongs to the Kalyan Thaat.

Related ragas: Deshkar (a pentatonic raga belonging to the Bilawal Thaat with the same scale as Bhoopali). Shuddha Kalyan is another similar raga.

Samay (Time)

First part of night. 7-9

Rasa

Bhakti Rasa (Devotional)

The essence from the raga evokes the Shanti Rasa – peaceful and calming.^[5]

The Rasa can also be called Shanta Rasa

Film songs

Bhoopali is a popular raga used in Indian folk songs, and thus in Hindi and other regional film songs.^[3]

Hindi:

• "Jyoti Kalash Chhalke" (Bhabhi Ki Chudiyan) (1961)
• "Pankh Hote To Udd Aati Re" (Sehra) (1963)
• "Main Jahaan Rahoon" (Namastey London) (2007)
• "Dil Hoom Hoom Kare" (Rudaali) (1993)
• "Sayonara Sayonara" (Love in Tokyo) (1966)
• "Dekha ek khwaab to yeh silsile hue" (Silsila) (1981)^[6]
• "Aayat" (Bajirao Mastani) (2015)
• "Neel Gagan Ki Chaanv men" (Amrapali) (1966)

Marathi:

• "Ghanashyama Sundara" (Amar Bhoopali) (1951)
• "Dehaachi Tijori" (Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava) (1951)
• "sujana kasā mana corī" (Sangeet Natak)
• "śarayū tīrāvarī ayodhyā" (Geet Ramayan)

Tamil movie songs in Mohanam

Song	Movie	Lyricist	Composer	Singer
Giridhara Gopala	Meera		S. V. Venkatraman	M. S. Subbulakshmi
Thillai Ambala Nadaraajaa	Soubhagyavathi	Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram	Pendyala Nageswara Rao	T. M. Soundararajan
Nilavum Malarum	Then Nilavu	Kannadasan	A. M. Rajah	A. M. Rajah, P. Susheela
Aarumugamana Porul	Kandhan Karunai		K. V. Mahadevan	S. Janaki,Rajalakshmi
Om Namasivaya	Thiruvilaiyadal			Sirkazhi Govindarajan, P. Susheela
Malargal Nanaindhana	Idhaya Kamalam			P. Susheela
Velli Mani Oosaiyil	Iru Malargal	Vaali	M. S. Viswanathan
Chittukuruvikenna	Saavale Samali	Kannadasan
Iraivan Varuvan	Shanthi Nilayam
Yaumuna Nadhi Inge	Gowaravam			S. P. Balasubramaniam, P. Susheela
Sangey Mozhangu	Kalangarai Vilakam	Bharathidasan		P. Susheela,Seerkazhi Govindarajan
Thanga Thoniyile	Ulagam Sutrum Vaaliban	Vaali		K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela
Bansaye				T. M. Soundarajan, L. R. Easwari
Kadaloram Vaangiya Kaatru	Rickshawkaaran			T. M. Soundarajan
Vanda naal mudhal	Paavamannippu	Kannadasan
Thiruchendoorin Kadalorathil Senthilnaathan	Dheivam		Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan	T. M. Soundararajan, Seerkazhi Govindarajan
Neelakkadalin Oratthil	Annai Velankanni		G. Devarajan	T. M. Soundararajan, P. Madhuri
Oru Kadhal Samrajyam	Nandha En Nila		V. Dakshinamoorthy	P. Jayachandran, T. K. Kala
Ninu Kori Varnam Isaithida	Agni Natchatram		Illayaraja	Chitra
Kanmaniye Kadhal Enbadhu	Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai			S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Nilavu thoongum	Kungumachimizh
Iru Paravaigal	Niram Maratha Pookal			Jency
Meenkodi Theril	Karumbhu Vil			K.J. Yesudas, Jency Anthony
Vaan Pole Vannam	Salangai Oli	Vairamuthu		S. P. Balasubhramaniam, S. P. Sailaja
Oru Thanga Rathathil	Dharma Yutham			Malaysia Vasudevan
Kannan Oru kaikulanthai	Bhadrakali			KJ Yesudas,P Susheela
Kaathirunthen Thaniye	Rasa Magan			Chandrasekar, Srilekha
Sreeramane Unnai	Kangalin Vaarthaigal			K. S. Chithra, Illayaraja
Oru Raagam	Anandha Ragam	Gangai Amaran		K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
Geetham Sangeetham	Kokarako			S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Poovil Vandu	Kaadhal Oviyam	Vairamuthu
Ravi varman oviyamo	Puthu vayal		Aravinth
Sivappu Lolaku	Kaadhal Kottai		Deva
Vellarika				Krishnaraj
Nepala Malaiyoram	Thaikulame Thaikulame			S. P. Balasubhramaniam,Swarnalatha
Priya Priya	Kattabomman (film)			S. P. Balasubhramaniam,K.S.Chitra
Thoonganakuruvi	Jallikattu kalai
Kadhal Kaditham	Cheran Pandiyan	Soundaryan		S.A. Rajkumar, Swarnalatha
Boom Boom	Boys	Kabilan	A. R. Rahman	Adnan Sami,Sadhana Sargam
Ennodu Nee Irundhaal	I			Sid Sriram, Sunitha Sarathy
Porale Ponnuthayi	Karuthamma	Vairamuthu		Unni Menon, Sujatha Mohan, Swarnalatha(Pathos)(Won National Award)
Madrasai Suthi (Ragamalika:Mohanam,Punnagavarali)	May Maadham			Shahul Hameed, Swarnalatha, G. V. Prakash & Manorama
Pakkada Pakkade	Gentleman			Minmini
Varayo Thozhi	Jeans			Sonu Nigam, Harini
Samba Samba	Love Birds			Aslam Mustafa
Kannai Katti Kollathey	Iruvar			Hariharan
Poi Solla Poren	Thiruttu Payale		Bharadwaj	KK, Kanmani
Oru Kathal Enpathu	Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi		Gangai Amaran	S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Chinnapattam Poochi	Sugamana Sumaigal		Chandrabose	K. S. Chithra, Mano
Kaalai Neeye	Kaalaiyum Neeye Maalaiyum Neeye	Vaali	Devendran	S. Janaki
Malaiya Kodainju Pathaya Amaichen	Pudhu Padagan	S. Thanu		S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
Unnai Ninachi	Avathara Purushan		Sirpy
Mudhal Mudhalai	Varushamellam Vasantham			P. Unnikrishnan, Sujatha
Pottu Mela Pottu	Janakiraman			S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Anuradha Sriram
Mainaave Mainaave	Thithikudhe		Vidyasagar	P. Unnikrishnan, Sadhana Sargam
Rosave Rosave	Ellaichami	Pulamaipithan	S. A. Rajkumar	Malaysia Vasudevan, K. S. Chithra
Maname Thottal	Thottachinungi		Phillip Jerry	Hariharan, K. S. Chithra
Kadhalithal Anandham	Style		Bharani
Uchi Mudhal	Sukran	Vijay Antony		Timmy, Gayathri
Engeyum Kadhal	Engeyum Kadhal	Thamarai	Harris Jayaraj	Aalap Raju, Devan Ekambaram, Ranina Reddy

Malayalam movie songs in Mohanam (Selected)

Song	Movie	Lyricist	Composer	singer(s)
Malini nadiyil	Sakunthala	Vayalar Ramavarma	G Devarajan	KJ Yesudas, P Suseela
Manjalayil mungi thorthi	Kalithozhan	P Bhaskaran	G Devarajan	P Jayachandran
Manjani Poonilaav	Nagarame Nandi	P Bhaskaran	K Raghavan	S Janaki
Suprabhatham (neelagiriyude)	Panitheeratha Veedu	Vayalar Ramavarma	MS Viswanathan	P Jayachandran
Chandrikayilaliyunnu	Bharyamar Sookshikkuka	Sreekumaran Thampi	V Dakshinamoorthy	KJ Yesudas, P Leela, AM Raja
Pournami Chandrika	Rest House	Sreekumaran Thampi	MK Arjunan	KJ Yesudas
Madhuchandrikayude	Anachadanam	Vayalar Ramavarma	G Devarajan	P Jayachandran
Swargaputhri Navarathri	Nizhalattam	Vayalar Ramavarma	G Devarajan	KJ Yesudas
Guruvayurambala Nadayil	Othenante makan	Vayalar Ramavarma	G Devarajan	KJ Yesudas
Ezharapponnana purath	Akkarappacha	Vayalar Ramavarma	G Devarajan	P Madhuri
Nin maniyarayile	CID Nazir	Sreekumaran Thampi	MK Arjunan	P Jayachandran
Arivin Nilave	Rajashilpi	ONV Kurup	Raveendran	KS Chithra
Etho nidrathan	Ayal Katha Ezhuthukayanu	Kaithapram	Raveendran	KJ Yesudas
Maarikkuliril neela thulasi	Kouravar	Kaithapram	SP Venkitesh	KJ Yesudas, KS Chithra
Chandanalepa Sugandham	Oru vadakkan veeragatha	K Jayakumar	Ravi Bombay	KJ Yesudas
Aareyum Bhava gayakan aakkum	Nakhakshathangal	ONV Kurup	Ravi Bombay	KJ Yesudas
Maayaponmane	Thalayanamanthram	Kaithapram	Johnson	KS Chithra
Manje vaa madhuvidhu vela	Thusharam	Yousuf Ali Kechery	Shyam	KJ Yesudas, SP Balasubrahmaniam
Thaara noopuram chaarthi	Sopanam	Kaithapram	SP Venkitesh	KJ Yesudas, Manju Menon
Mouliyil mayilpeeli	Nandanam	Gireesh Puthenchery	Raveendran	KS Chithra
Ponkasavu njoriyum	joker	Yousuf Ali Kechery	Mohan Sithara	P Jayachandran, KS Chithra
Parvanendu mukhi	Parinayam	Yousuf Ali Kechery	Ravi Bombay	KS Chithra
Kaliveedurangiyallo	Deshadanam	Kaithapram	Kaithapram	KJ Yesudas
Aakasha neelima	Kayyum thalayum purathidaruth	Mullanezhi	Raveendran	KJ Yesudas
Nee en sarga soundaryame	Kathodu kathoram	ONV kurupp	Ouseppachan	KJ Yesudas, Lathika

See also

• Durga
• Shivaranjani

References

1. Menon, R.R. (1973). Discovering Indian Music. Somaiya Publications. p. 50. Retrieved 26 May 2021. Some prefer the first Raga to be pentatonic in scale. Let us take for an example, the pentatonic Bhoopali. Its notes are: SA RI GA PA DHA SA up and down the scale.
2. Pathak Yajurvedi, Dr. Sarita. "Lecture – Raag Bhopali (Edusat)". www.youtube.com. Bharti College, University of Delhi. from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
3. Karhade, Aradhana. "Raag Bhopali (Uploaded 20 January 2011)". www.youtube.com. Karhade, A. from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
4. Alain, Daniélou (2014). The Rāgas of Northern Indian music. Daniélou, Alain. (2014 ed.). New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 978-81-215-0225-2. OCLC 39028809.
5. Yagnik, Hasu (2013). Shastriya Raag Darshan. Gurjar Granthratna Karyalay. ISBN 978-81-8480-826-1.
6. "Songs based on Raaga Bhopali". www.soundofindia.com. Sound of India. from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.

External links

• Rajan Parrikar on Ragas