It is a monoecious, deciduous shrub growing up to 1–1.2 metres (3 ft 3 in – 3 ft 11 in) high. The bark is non-peeling and shiny red-copper colored.[3] The leaves are rounded, 6–20 millimetres (0.24–0.79 in) diameter, with a bluntly toothed margin. The leaves are a darker green on their upper surface. Leaf growth occurs after snow melt and become red in autumn.
The wind-pollinated fruiting catkins are erect, 5–15 millimetres (0.20–0.59 in) long and 4–10 millimetres (0.16–0.39 in) broad.
Distribution
Betula nana is native to arctic and cool temperate regions of Greenland, Iceland, northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America and it will grow in a variety of conditions. Outside of far northern areas, it is usually found growing only in mountains above 300 metres (980 ft), up to 835 metres (2,740 ft) in Great Britain and 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) in the Alps. Its northern range limit is on Svalbard, where it is confined to favourable sites. In the UK Betula nana is at its southern range limit, with many populations having declined significantly in recent decades.[4] In southern Sweden the occurrence of Betula nana in Sund, Ydre is deemed a glacial relict.[5]
In general, it favours wet but well-drained sites with a nutrient-poor, acidic soil which can be xeric and rocky. B. nana has a low tolerance for shade.
Betula nana subsp. nana. Canada (Baffin Island), Greenland, northern Europe (south to the Alps at high altitudes), northwestern Asia. Young twigs hairy, but without resin; leaves longer (to 20 mm), usually as long as broad.
Betula nana subsp. exilis. Northeastern Asia, northern North America (Alaska, Canada east to Nunavut). Young twigs hairless or with only scattered hairs, but coated in resin; leaves shorter (not over 12 mm long), often broader than long.
^Stritch, L. (2014). "Betula nana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T194495A2341542. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194495A2341542.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^Kelvin S.-H. Peh; Richard T. Corlett; Yves Bergeron, eds. (2015). Routledge Handbook of Forest Ecology. Routledge. p. 12. ISBN978-0-415-73545-2.
^Ewing, Susan. The Great Alaska Nature Factbook. Portland: Alaska Northwest Books, 1996.
^Borrell, James S.; Wang, Nian; Nichols, Richard A.; Buggs, Richard J. A. (15 August 2018). "Genetic diversity maintained among fragmented populations of a tree undergoing range contraction". Heredity. 121 (4): 304–318. doi:10.1038/s41437-018-0132-8. ISSN 0018-067X. OCLC 888447574. PMC6134035. PMID 30111882.
^Hellgren, George (1960). "Något om växtligheten i Ydre". In Filén, Thure (ed.). Ydre-Boken (in Swedish). Linköping. pp. 86–91.
^Wang N.; Thomson M.; Bodles W.J.; Crawford R.M.; Hunt H.V.; Featherstone A.W.; Pellicer J.; Buggs R.J. (2013). "Genome sequence of dwarf birch (Betula nana) and cross-species RAD markers". Mol. Ecol. 22 (11): 3098–3111. doi:10.1111/mec.12131. PMID 23167599. S2CID 206179485.
External links
Trees for Life: and
Flora of North America: Betula nana
Betula nana Distribution map
Betula nana photographed north of the village of Upernavik Kujalleq, north-east of the mountain Kingigtoq, western Greenland
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Betula nana.
Wikispecies has information related to Betula nana.
January 20, 2023
betula, nana, dwarf, birch, species, birch, family, betulaceae, found, mainly, tundra, arctic, region, dwarf, birchconservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific, classificationkingdom, plantaeclade, tracheophytesclade, angiospermsclade, eudicotsclade, r. Betula nana the dwarf birch 2 is a species of birch in the family Betulaceae found mainly in the tundra of the Arctic region Dwarf birchConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder FagalesFamily BetulaceaeGenus BetulaSubgenus Betula subg ChamaebetulaSpecies B nanaBinomial nameBetula nanaL Specimen at 1000m Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Ecology 4 Genome 5 References 6 External linksDescription EditIt is a monoecious deciduous shrub growing up to 1 1 2 metres 3 ft 3 in 3 ft 11 in high The bark is non peeling and shiny red copper colored 3 The leaves are rounded 6 20 millimetres 0 24 0 79 in diameter with a bluntly toothed margin The leaves are a darker green on their upper surface Leaf growth occurs after snow melt and become red in autumn The wind pollinated fruiting catkins are erect 5 15 millimetres 0 20 0 59 in long and 4 10 millimetres 0 16 0 39 in broad Distribution EditBetula nana is native to arctic and cool temperate regions of Greenland Iceland northern Europe northern Asia and northern North America and it will grow in a variety of conditions Outside of far northern areas it is usually found growing only in mountains above 300 metres 980 ft up to 835 metres 2 740 ft in Great Britain and 2 200 metres 7 200 ft in the Alps Its northern range limit is on Svalbard where it is confined to favourable sites In the UK Betula nana is at its southern range limit with many populations having declined significantly in recent decades 4 In southern Sweden the occurrence of Betula nana in Sund Ydre is deemed a glacial relict 5 In general it favours wet but well drained sites with a nutrient poor acidic soil which can be xeric and rocky B nana has a low tolerance for shade Ecology EditThere are two subspecies Betula nana subsp nana Canada Baffin Island Greenland northern Europe south to the Alps at high altitudes northwestern Asia Young twigs hairy but without resin leaves longer to 20 mm usually as long as broad Betula nana subsp exilis Northeastern Asia northern North America Alaska Canada east to Nunavut Young twigs hairless or with only scattered hairs but coated in resin leaves shorter not over 12 mm long often broader than long Genome EditThe genome of B nana has been sequenced 6 References Edit Stritch L 2014 Betula nana IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014 e T194495A2341542 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2014 3 RLTS T194495A2341542 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 Kelvin S H Peh Richard T Corlett Yves Bergeron eds 2015 Routledge Handbook of Forest Ecology Routledge p 12 ISBN 978 0 415 73545 2 Ewing Susan The Great Alaska Nature Factbook Portland Alaska Northwest Books 1996 Borrell James S Wang Nian Nichols Richard A Buggs Richard J A 15 August 2018 Genetic diversity maintained among fragmented populations of a tree undergoing range contraction Heredity 121 4 304 318 doi 10 1038 s41437 018 0132 8 ISSN 0018 067X OCLC 888447574 PMC 6134035 PMID 30111882 Hellgren George 1960 Nagot om vaxtligheten i Ydre In Filen Thure ed Ydre Boken in Swedish Linkoping pp 86 91 Wang N Thomson M Bodles W J Crawford R M Hunt H V Featherstone A W Pellicer J Buggs R J 2013 Genome sequence of dwarf birch Betula nana and cross species RAD markers Mol Ecol 22 11 3098 3111 doi 10 1111 mec 12131 PMID 23167599 S2CID 206179485 External links EditTrees for Life Species profile and Reference list Flora of North America Betula nana Betula nana Distribution map Conservation Genetics and Population History of Betula nana etc in Svalbard Dwarf birch genome website Literature arising from the Expedition Betula nana Betula nana photographed north of the village of Upernavik Kujalleq north east of the mountain Kingigtoq western Greenland Wikimedia Commons has media related to Betula nana Wikispecies has information related to Betula nana Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Betula nana amp oldid 1117233081, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
