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Basic copper carbonate

December 13, 2023

For the neutral compound, see Copper(II) carbonate.

Basic copper carbonate is a chemical compound, more properly called copper(II) carbonate hydroxide. It is an ionic compound (a salt) consisting of the ions copper(II) Cu2+
, carbonate CO2−
3, and hydroxide OH−
.

Basic copper carbonate

Space-filling model of the formula unit of basic copper carbonate

Ball-and-stick model of part of the crystal structure of malachite, highlighting the formula unit
Names
IUPAC name
Dicopper carbonate dihydroxide
Other names
copper carbonate hydroxide, cupric carbonate, copper carbonate, Greenium
Identifiers
  • 12069-69-1 Y
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 23796
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.909
  • 25503
UNII
  • GIK928GH0Y Y
  • DTXSID1047077
  • InChI=1S/CH2O3.2Cu.2H2O/c2-1(3)4;;;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;;2*1H2/q;2*+2;;/p-4
    Key: ZMMDPCMYTCRWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-J
  • InChI=1/CH2O3.2Cu.2H2O/c2-1(3)4;;;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;;2*1H2/q;2*+2;;/p-4
    Key: ZMMDPCMYTCRWFF-XBHQNQODAP
  • C(=O)([O-])[O-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2]
Properties
Cu2(OH)2CO3
Molar mass 221.114 g/mol
Appearance green powder
Density 4 g/cm3
Melting point 200 °C (392 °F; 473 K)
Boiling point 290 °C (554 °F; 563 K) decomposes
insoluble
7.08·10−9
Thermochemistry
88 J/mol·K
−595 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
[1]
Warning
H302, H315, H319, H335[1]
P261, P305+P351+P338[1]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
159 mg/kg (rat, oral)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[2]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)[2]
Safety data sheet (SDS)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)

The name most commonly refers to the compound with formula Cu
2CO
3(OH)2. It is a green crystalline solid that occurs in nature as the mineral malachite. It has been used since antiquity as a pigment, and it is still used as such in artist paints, sometimes called verditer, green bice, or mountain green.

Sometimes the name is used for Cu
3(CO
3)2(OH)2, a blue crystalline solid also known as the mineral azurite. It too has been used as pigment, sometimes under the name mountain blue or blue verditer.

Both malachite and azurite can be found in the verdigris patina that is found on weathered brass, bronze, and copper. The composition of the patina can vary, in a maritime environment depending on the environment a basic chloride may be present, in an urban environment basic sulfates may be present.[3]

This compound is often improperly called (even in chemistry articles) copper carbonate, cupric carbonate, and similar names. The true (neutral) copper(II) carbonate CuCO3 is not known to occur naturally.[4] It is decomposed by water or moisture from the air, and was synthesized only in 1973 by high temperature and very high pressures.[5]

Preparation edit

 
Basic copper(II) carbonate patina on roofs of Château Frontenac.

Basic copper carbonate is prepared by combining aqueous solutions of copper(II) sulfate and sodium carbonate at ambient temperature and pressure. Basic copper carbonate precipitates from the solution, with release of carbon dioxide CO
2:[6]

2 CuSO4 + 2 Na2CO3 + H2O → Cu2(OH)2CO3 + 2 Na2SO4 + CO2

Basic copper carbonate can also be prepared by reacting aqueous solutions of copper(II) sulfate and sodium bicarbonate at ambient conditions. Basic copper carbonate precipitates from the solution, again with release of carbon dioxide:

2 CuSO4 + 4 NaHCO3 → Cu2(OH)2CO3 + 2 Na2SO4 + 3 CO2 + H2O

Copper(II) sulfate may also be substituted with Copper(II) chloride, creating Sodium chloride (NaCl) as a byproduct instead of Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), both of which are soluble in water.

Reactions edit

Basic copper carbonate is decomposed by acids, such as solutions of hydrochloric acid HCl, into the copper(II) salt and carbon dioxide.

In 1794 the French chemist Joseph Louis Proust (1754–1826) thermally decomposed copper carbonate to CO2 and CuO, cupric oxide.[7]

The basic copper carbonates, malachite and azurite, both decompose forming H2O, CO2, and CuO, cupric oxide.[8]

Uses edit

Both malachite and azurite, as well as synthetic basic copper carbonate have been used as pigments.[9] One example of the use of both azurite and its artificial form blue verditer[10] is the portrait of the family of Balthasar Gerbier by Peter Paul Rubens.[11] The green skirt of Deborah Kip is painted in azurite, smalt, blue verditer (artificial form of azurite), yellow ochre, lead-tin-yellow and yellow lake. The green color is achieved by mixing blue and yellow pigments.[12]

It has also been used in some types of make-up, like lipstick, although it can also be toxic to humans. It also has been used for many years as an effective algaecide.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Copper(II) carbonate basic
  2. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ^ Encyclopedia Of Corrosion Technology (Google eBook), Philip A. Schweitzer P.E.; CRC Press, 2004, ISBN 08247-4878-6
  4. ^ Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, p. 1263, ISBN 0-12-352651-5
  5. ^ Seidel, H.; Ehrhardt, H.; Viswanathan, K.; Johannes, W. (1974). "Darstellung, Struktur und Eigenschaften von Kupfer(II)-Carbonat". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 410 (2): 138–148. doi:10.1002/zaac.19744100207. ISSN 0044-2313.
  6. ^ Jack Reginald Irons Hepburn (1927): "The chemical nature of precipitated basic cupric carbonate". Article CCCLXXXVI, Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed), volume 1927, pp. 2883–2896. doi:10.1039/JR9270002883
  7. ^ Kapoor, Satish C. (1965). "Berthollet, Proust, and Proportions". Chymia. 10: 53–110. doi:10.2307/27757247. ISSN 0095-9367.
  8. ^ Brown, I.W.M.; Mackenzie, K.J.D.; Gainsford, G.J. (1984). "Thermal decomposition of the basic copper carbonates malachite and azurite". Thermochimica Acta. 75 (1–2): 23–32. doi:10.1016/0040-6031(84)85003-0. ISSN 0040-6031.
  9. ^ Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary and Optical Microscopy of Historical Pigments, 2008, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-7506-8980-9
  10. ^ Blue verditer, ColourLex
  11. ^ Robert L. Feller, Rubens’s: The Gerbier Family: Technical Examination of the Pigments and Paint Layers, Studies in the History of Art, Vol. 5 (1973), pp. 54–74.
  12. ^ Peter Paul Rubens, The Gerbier Family, ColourLex

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Basic copper carbonate.
  • Azurite at ColourLex
  • Blue verditer at ColourLex

December 13, 2023
basic, copper, carbonate, neutral, compound, copper, carbonate, chemical, compound, more, properly, called, copper, carbonate, hydroxide, ionic, compound, salt, consisting, ions, copper, carbonate, hydroxide, space, filling, model, formula, unit, basic, copper. For the neutral compound see Copper II carbonate Basic copper carbonate is a chemical compound more properly called copper II carbonate hydroxide It is an ionic compound a salt consisting of the ions copper II Cu2 carbonate CO2 3 and hydroxide OH Basic copper carbonate Space filling model of the formula unit of basic copper carbonateBall and stick model of part of the crystal structure of malachite highlighting the formula unitNamesIUPAC name Dicopper carbonate dihydroxideOther names copper carbonate hydroxide cupric carbonate copper carbonate GreeniumIdentifiersCAS Number 12069 69 1 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 23796ECHA InfoCard 100 031 909PubChem CID 25503UNII GIK928GH0Y YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID1047077InChI InChI 1S CH2O3 2Cu 2H2O c2 1 3 4 h H2 2 3 4 2 1H2 q 2 2 p 4Key ZMMDPCMYTCRWFF UHFFFAOYSA JInChI 1 CH2O3 2Cu 2H2O c2 1 3 4 h H2 2 3 4 2 1H2 q 2 2 p 4Key ZMMDPCMYTCRWFF XBHQNQODAPSMILES C O O O OH OH Cu 2 Cu 2 PropertiesChemical formula Cu2 OH 2CO3Molar mass 221 114 g molAppearance green powderDensity 4 g cm3Melting point 200 C 392 F 473 K Boiling point 290 C 554 F 563 K decomposesSolubility in water insolubleSolubility product Ksp 7 08 10 9ThermochemistryStd molarentropy S 298 88 J mol KStd enthalpy offormation DfH 298 595 kJ molHazardsGHS labelling Pictograms 1 Signal word WarningHazard statements H302 H315 H319 H335 1 Precautionary statements P261 P305 P351 P338 1 Lethal dose or concentration LD LC LD50 median dose 159 mg kg rat oral NIOSH US health exposure limits PEL Permissible TWA 1 mg m3 as Cu 2 REL Recommended TWA 1 mg m3 as Cu 2 IDLH Immediate danger TWA 100 mg m3 as Cu 2 Safety data sheet SDS Oxford MSDSExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references The name most commonly refers to the compound with formula Cu2 CO3 OH 2 It is a green crystalline solid that occurs in nature as the mineral malachite It has been used since antiquity as a pigment and it is still used as such in artist paints sometimes called verditer green bice or mountain green Sometimes the name is used for Cu3 CO3 2 OH 2 a blue crystalline solid also known as the mineral azurite It too has been used as pigment sometimes under the name mountain blue or blue verditer Both malachite and azurite can be found in the verdigris patina that is found on weathered brass bronze and copper The composition of the patina can vary in a maritime environment depending on the environment a basic chloride may be present in an urban environment basic sulfates may be present 3 This compound is often improperly called even in chemistry articles copper carbonate cupric carbonate and similar names The true neutral copper II carbonate CuCO3 is not known to occur naturally 4 It is decomposed by water or moisture from the air and was synthesized only in 1973 by high temperature and very high pressures 5 Contents 1 Preparation 2 Reactions 3 Uses 4 References 5 External linksPreparation edit nbsp Basic copper II carbonate patina on roofs of Chateau Frontenac Basic copper carbonate is prepared by combining aqueous solutions of copper II sulfate and sodium carbonate at ambient temperature and pressure Basic copper carbonate precipitates from the solution with release of carbon dioxide CO2 6 2 CuSO4 2 Na2CO3 H2O Cu2 OH 2CO3 2 Na2SO4 CO2Basic copper carbonate can also be prepared by reacting aqueous solutions of copper II sulfate and sodium bicarbonate at ambient conditions Basic copper carbonate precipitates from the solution again with release of carbon dioxide 2 CuSO4 4 NaHCO3 Cu2 OH 2CO3 2 Na2SO4 3 CO2 H2OCopper II sulfate may also be substituted with Copper II chloride creating Sodium chloride NaCl as a byproduct instead of Sodium sulfate Na2SO4 both of which are soluble in water Reactions editBasic copper carbonate is decomposed by acids such as solutions of hydrochloric acid HCl into the copper II salt and carbon dioxide In 1794 the French chemist Joseph Louis Proust 1754 1826 thermally decomposed copper carbonate to CO2 and CuO cupric oxide 7 The basic copper carbonates malachite and azurite both decompose forming H2O CO2 and CuO cupric oxide 8 Uses editBoth malachite and azurite as well as synthetic basic copper carbonate have been used as pigments 9 One example of the use of both azurite and its artificial form blue verditer 10 is the portrait of the family of Balthasar Gerbier by Peter Paul Rubens 11 The green skirt of Deborah Kip is painted in azurite smalt blue verditer artificial form of azurite yellow ochre lead tin yellow and yellow lake The green color is achieved by mixing blue and yellow pigments 12 It has also been used in some types of make up like lipstick although it can also be toxic to humans It also has been used for many years as an effective algaecide References edit a b c Copper II carbonate basic a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 0150 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH Encyclopedia Of Corrosion Technology Google eBook Philip A Schweitzer P E CRC Press 2004 ISBN 08247 4878 6 Holleman Arnold Frederik Wiberg Egon 2001 Wiberg Nils ed Inorganic Chemistry translated by Eagleson Mary Brewer William San Diego Berlin Academic Press De Gruyter p 1263 ISBN 0 12 352651 5 Seidel H Ehrhardt H Viswanathan K Johannes W 1974 Darstellung Struktur und Eigenschaften von Kupfer II Carbonat Zeitschrift fur anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 410 2 138 148 doi 10 1002 zaac 19744100207 ISSN 0044 2313 Jack Reginald Irons Hepburn 1927 The chemical nature of precipitated basic cupric carbonate Article CCCLXXXVI Journal of the Chemical Society Resumed volume 1927 pp 2883 2896 doi 10 1039 JR9270002883 Kapoor Satish C 1965 Berthollet Proust and Proportions Chymia 10 53 110 doi 10 2307 27757247 ISSN 0095 9367 Brown I W M Mackenzie K J D Gainsford G J 1984 Thermal decomposition of the basic copper carbonates malachite and azurite Thermochimica Acta 75 1 2 23 32 doi 10 1016 0040 6031 84 85003 0 ISSN 0040 6031 Valentine Walsh Tracey Chaplin Pigment Compendium A Dictionary and Optical Microscopy of Historical Pigments 2008 Routledge ISBN 978 0 7506 8980 9 Blue verditer ColourLex Robert L Feller Rubens s The Gerbier Family Technical Examination of the Pigments and Paint Layers Studies in the History of Art Vol 5 1973 pp 54 74 Peter Paul Rubens The Gerbier Family ColourLexExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Basic copper carbonate National Pollutant Inventory copper and compounds fact sheet Azurite at ColourLex Blue verditer at ColourLex Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Basic copper carbonate amp oldid 1178014124, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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