Arcology, a portmanteau of "architecture" and "ecology",[2] is a field of creating architectural design principles for very densely populated and ecologically low-impact human habitats.
The term was coined in 1969 by architect Paolo Soleri, who believed that a completed arcology would provide space for a variety of residential, commercial, and agricultural facilities while minimizing individual human environmental impact. These structures have been largely hypothetical, as no arcology, even one envisioned by Soleri himself, has yet been built.
An arcology is distinguished from a merely large building in that it is designed to lessen the impact of human habitation on any given ecosystem. It could be self-sustainable, employing all or most of its own available resources for a comfortable life: power, climate control, food production, air and water conservation and purification, sewage treatment, etc. An arcology is designed to make it possible to supply those items for a large population. An arcology would supply and maintain its own municipal or urban infrastructures in order to operate and connect with other urban environments apart from its own.
Arcology was proposed to reduce human impact on natural resources. Arcology designs might apply conventional building and civil engineering techniques in very large, but practical projects in order to achieve pedestrian economies of scale that have proven, post-automobile, to be difficult to achieve in other ways.
Frank Lloyd Wright proposed an early version[3] called Broadacre City although, in contrast to an arcology, his idea is comparatively two-dimensional and depends on a road network. Wright's plan described transportation, agriculture, and commerce systems that would support an economy. Critics said that Wright's solution failed to account for population growth, and assumed a more rigid democracy than the US actually has.
Buckminster Fuller with a drawing of his domed city proposal
Paolo Soleri proposed later solutions, and coined the term "arcology".[4] Soleri describes ways of compacting city structures in three dimensions to combat two-dimensional urban sprawl, to economize on transportation and other energy uses. Like Wright, Soleri proposed changes in transportation, agriculture, and commerce. Soleri explored reductions in resource consumption and duplication, land reclamation; he also proposed to eliminate most private transportation. He advocated for greater "frugality" and favored greater use of shared social resources, including public transit (and public libraries).
Arcosanti is an experimental "arcology prototype", a demonstration project under construction in central Arizona since 1970. Designed by Paolo Soleri, its primary purpose is to demonstrate Soleri's personal designs, his application of principles of arcology to create a pedestrian-friendly urban form.
Many cities in the world have proposed projects adhering to the design principles of the arcology concept, like Tokyo, and Dongtan near Shanghai.[5] The Dongtan project may have collapsed, and it failed to open for the Shanghai World Expo in 2010.[6]
McMurdo Station of the United States Antarctic Program and other scientific research stations on Antarctica resemble the popular conception of an arcology as a technologically advanced, relatively self-sufficient human community. The Antarctic research base provides living and entertainment amenities for roughly 3,000 staff who visit each year. Its remoteness and the measures needed to protect its population from the harsh environment give it an insular character. The station is not self-sufficient – the U.S. military delivers 30,000 cubic metres (8,000,000 US gal) of fuel and 5 kilotonnes (11 million pounds) of supplies and equipment yearly through its Operation Deep Freeze resupply effort[7] – but it is isolated from conventional support networks. Under international treaty, it must avoid damage to the surrounding ecosystem.
Begich Towers operates like a small-scale arcology encompassing nearly all of the population of Whittier, Alaska. The building contains residential housing as well as a police station, grocery, and municipal offices. Whittier once boasted a second structure known as the Buckner Building. The Buckner Building still stands but was deemed unfit for habitation after the 1969 earthquake.[8]
The Line (Arabic: ذا لاين) is a 170 kilometres (110 mi) long and 200 metres (660 ft) wide linearsmart city under construction in Saudi Arabia in Neom, Tabuk Province, which is designed to have no cars, streets or carbon emissions.[9][10][11][12] The Line is planned to be the first development in Neom, a $500 billion project.[13][14] The city's plans anticipate a population of 9 million.[15] Excavation work had started along the entire length of the project by October 2022.
In popular culture
Most proposals to build real arcologies have failed due to financial, structural or conceptual shortcomings. Arcologies are therefore found primarily in fictional works.[16][17]
In Robert Silverberg's The World Inside, most of the global population of 75 billion live inside giant skyscrapers, called "urbmons", each of which contains hundreds of thousands of people. The urbmons are arranged in "constellations". Each urbmon is divided into "neighborhoods" of 40 or so floors. All the needs of the inhabitants are provided inside the building – food is grown outside and brought into the building – so the idea of going outside is heretical and can be a sign of madness.[18] The book examines human life when the population density is extremely high.[19]
Another significant example is the 1981 novel Oath of Fealty by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle, in which a segment of the population of Los Angeles has moved into an arcology. The plot examines the social changes that result, both inside and outside the arcology. Thus the arcology is not just a plot device but a subject of critique.[20]
In the city-building video game Sim City 2000, self-contained arcologies can be built, reducing the infrastructure needs of the city.[21][22]
^"Everyone In This Alaskan Town Lives In The Same Building". digg.com.
^Summers, Nick (2021-01-11). "Saudi Arabia is planning a 100-mile line of car-free smart communities". Engadget. from the original on 2021-01-12. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
^"Top Global Oil Exporter Saudi Arabia Launches Car-free City". Barrons. 2021-01-10. from the original on 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
^"What is The Line? All you need to know about Saudi Arabia's plan for a futuristic zero-carbon city". Free Press Journal. from the original on 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
^"An Accelerator of human progress". NEOM. from the original on 2020-12-08. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
^Tangermann, Victor (2021-01-12). "Saudi Arabia Is Building a Zero-Carbon City in a 100-Mile Straight Line". Futurism. from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
^McKay, Tom (2021-01-12). "Saudi Crown Prince Asks, Answers What if a City, But It's a 105-Mile Line". Microsoft News. Gizmodo. from the original on 2021-01-13. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
^"Saudi Arabia plans 100-mile-long mirrored skyscraper megacity". the Guardian. 27 July 2022. from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
^Seed, David (2011) Science Fiction: A Very Short Introduction
^Luke Plunkett (11 July 2011). "The Real Story Behind Sim City's Arcologies". Kotaku.
^Alex Hern (14 March 2013). "The depressing suburbanisation of SimCity". New Statesman.
Further reading
Soleri, Paolo. Arcology: The City in the Image of Man. 1969: Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arcology.
Arcology: The City in the Image of Man by Paolo Soleri (full text online)
Arcology.com – useful links
(full text online)
Usage of "arcology" vs. "hyperstructure"
Arcology.com ("An arcology in southern China" on front page)
Arcology ("An arcology is a self-contained environment...")
("The only arcology yet on Earth...")
Review of Shadowrun: Renraku Arcology ("What's an arcology? A self-contained, largely self-sufficient living, working, recreational structure...")
January 18, 2023
arcology, confused, with, archaeology, portmanteau, architecture, ecology, field, creating, architectural, design, principles, very, densely, populated, ecologically, impact, human, habitats, concept, design, noah, orleans, habitat, proposal, designed, kevin, . Not to be confused with Archaeology Arcology a portmanteau of architecture and ecology 2 is a field of creating architectural design principles for very densely populated and ecologically low impact human habitats Concept design for the NOAH New Orleans Arcology Habitat proposal designed by E Kevin Schopfer 1 The term was coined in 1969 by architect Paolo Soleri who believed that a completed arcology would provide space for a variety of residential commercial and agricultural facilities while minimizing individual human environmental impact These structures have been largely hypothetical as no arcology even one envisioned by Soleri himself has yet been built The concept has been popularized by various science fiction writers Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle provided a detailed description of an arcology in their 1981 novel Oath of Fealty William Gibson mainstreamed the term in his seminal 1984 cyberpunk novel Neuromancer where each corporation has its own self contained city known as arcologies More recently authors such as Peter Hamilton in Neutronium Alchemist and Paolo Bacigalupi in The Water Knife explicitly used arcologies as part of their scenarios They are often portrayed as self contained or economically self sufficient Contents 1 Development 2 Similar real world projects 3 In popular culture 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksDevelopment EditAn arcology is distinguished from a merely large building in that it is designed to lessen the impact of human habitation on any given ecosystem It could be self sustainable employing all or most of its own available resources for a comfortable life power climate control food production air and water conservation and purification sewage treatment etc An arcology is designed to make it possible to supply those items for a large population An arcology would supply and maintain its own municipal or urban infrastructures in order to operate and connect with other urban environments apart from its own Arcology was proposed to reduce human impact on natural resources Arcology designs might apply conventional building and civil engineering techniques in very large but practical projects in order to achieve pedestrian economies of scale that have proven post automobile to be difficult to achieve in other ways Frank Lloyd Wright proposed an early version 3 called Broadacre City although in contrast to an arcology his idea is comparatively two dimensional and depends on a road network Wright s plan described transportation agriculture and commerce systems that would support an economy Critics said that Wright s solution failed to account for population growth and assumed a more rigid democracy than the US actually has Buckminster Fuller with a drawing of his domed city proposal Buckminster Fuller proposed the Old Man River s City project a domed city with a capacity of 125 000 as a solution to the housing problems in East St Louis Illinois Paolo Soleri proposed later solutions and coined the term arcology 4 Soleri describes ways of compacting city structures in three dimensions to combat two dimensional urban sprawl to economize on transportation and other energy uses Like Wright Soleri proposed changes in transportation agriculture and commerce Soleri explored reductions in resource consumption and duplication land reclamation he also proposed to eliminate most private transportation He advocated for greater frugality and favored greater use of shared social resources including public transit and public libraries Similar real world projects Edit Arcosanti city Arcosanti is an experimental arcology prototype a demonstration project under construction in central Arizona since 1970 Designed by Paolo Soleri its primary purpose is to demonstrate Soleri s personal designs his application of principles of arcology to create a pedestrian friendly urban form Many cities in the world have proposed projects adhering to the design principles of the arcology concept like Tokyo and Dongtan near Shanghai 5 The Dongtan project may have collapsed and it failed to open for the Shanghai World Expo in 2010 6 McMurdo Station McMurdo Station of the United States Antarctic Program and other scientific research stations on Antarctica resemble the popular conception of an arcology as a technologically advanced relatively self sufficient human community The Antarctic research base provides living and entertainment amenities for roughly 3 000 staff who visit each year Its remoteness and the measures needed to protect its population from the harsh environment give it an insular character The station is not self sufficient the U S military delivers 30 000 cubic metres 8 000 000 US gal of fuel and 5 kilotonnes 11 million pounds of supplies and equipment yearly through its Operation Deep Freeze resupply effort 7 but it is isolated from conventional support networks Under international treaty it must avoid damage to the surrounding ecosystem Begich Towers Begich Towers operates like a small scale arcology encompassing nearly all of the population of Whittier Alaska The building contains residential housing as well as a police station grocery and municipal offices Whittier once boasted a second structure known as the Buckner Building The Buckner Building still stands but was deemed unfit for habitation after the 1969 earthquake 8 The Line Arabic ذا لاين is a 170 kilometres 110 mi long and 200 metres 660 ft wide linear smart city under construction in Saudi Arabia in Neom Tabuk Province which is designed to have no cars streets or carbon emissions 9 10 11 12 The Line is planned to be the first development in Neom a 500 billion project 13 14 The city s plans anticipate a population of 9 million 15 Excavation work had started along the entire length of the project by October 2022 In popular culture EditMost proposals to build real arcologies have failed due to financial structural or conceptual shortcomings Arcologies are therefore found primarily in fictional works 16 17 In Robert Silverberg s The World Inside most of the global population of 75 billion live inside giant skyscrapers called urbmons each of which contains hundreds of thousands of people The urbmons are arranged in constellations Each urbmon is divided into neighborhoods of 40 or so floors All the needs of the inhabitants are provided inside the building food is grown outside and brought into the building so the idea of going outside is heretical and can be a sign of madness 18 The book examines human life when the population density is extremely high 19 Another significant example is the 1981 novel Oath of Fealty by Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle in which a segment of the population of Los Angeles has moved into an arcology The plot examines the social changes that result both inside and outside the arcology Thus the arcology is not just a plot device but a subject of critique 20 In the city building video game Sim City 2000 self contained arcologies can be built reducing the infrastructure needs of the city 21 22 See also EditAutonomous building Bionic architecture Earthship Megastructure Proposed tall buildings and structures Shimizu Mega City Pyramid Underground city Urban ecology Vertical farmingReferences EditNotes Seth Radhika Heavenly Abode on the Yanko Design website August 17 2009 Retrieved April 29 2015 Soleri Paolo 1973 The Bridge Between Matter amp Spirit is Matter Becoming Spirit The Arcology of Paolo Soleri Garden City New York Anchor Books pp 46 ISBN 978 0 385 02361 0 Wright Frank Lloyd An Organic Architecture Soleri Paolo Arcology The City in the Image of Man Kane Frank November 6 2005 British to help China build eco cities The Guardian London Retrieved April 25 2010 Fred Pearce 23 April 2009 Greenwash The dream of the first eco city was built on a fiction the Guardian Modern Marvels Sub Zero The History Channel Everyone In This Alaskan Town Lives In The Same Building digg com Summers Nick 2021 01 11 Saudi Arabia is planning a 100 mile line of car free smart communities Engadget Archived from the original on 2021 01 12 Retrieved 2021 01 12 Top Global Oil Exporter Saudi Arabia Launches Car free City Barrons 2021 01 10 Archived from the original on 2021 01 11 Retrieved 2021 01 12 What is The Line All you need to know about Saudi Arabia s plan for a futuristic zero carbon city Free Press Journal Archived from the original on 2021 01 11 Retrieved 2021 01 12 An Accelerator of human progress NEOM Archived from the original on 2020 12 08 Retrieved 2021 01 10 Tangermann Victor 2021 01 12 Saudi Arabia Is Building a Zero Carbon City in a 100 Mile Straight Line Futurism Archived from the original on 2021 01 13 Retrieved 2021 01 13 McKay Tom 2021 01 12 Saudi Crown Prince Asks Answers What if a City But It s a 105 Mile Line Microsoft News Gizmodo Archived from the original on 2021 01 13 Retrieved 2021 01 13 Saudi Arabia plans 100 mile long mirrored skyscraper megacity the Guardian 27 July 2022 Archived from the original on 29 July 2022 Retrieved 29 July 2022 Ash Theodore 2014 Neoarcology Tate Karl July 5 2013 Inside Arcology the City of the Future Infographic Live Science Silverberg Robert 1971 The World Inside New York Doubleday pp 3 4 Stableford Brian Silverberg Robert in Clute John and Nicholls Peter eds 1995 The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction New York St Martin s Griffin p 1106 ISBN 0 312 13486 X Seed David 2011 Science Fiction A Very Short Introduction Luke Plunkett 11 July 2011 The Real Story Behind Sim City s Arcologies Kotaku Alex Hern 14 March 2013 The depressing suburbanisation of SimCity New Statesman Further reading Soleri Paolo Arcology The City in the Image of Man 1969 Cambridge Massachusetts MIT Press External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arcology Arcology The City in the Image of Man by Paolo Soleri full text online Arcology com useful links The Night Land by William Hope Hodgson full text online Victory City A discussion of arcology conceptsUsage of arcology vs hyperstructure Arcology com An arcology in southern China on front page Arcology An arcology is a self contained environment SculptorsWiki Arcology The only arcology yet on Earth Review of Shadowrun Renraku Arcology What s an arcology A self contained largely self sufficient living working recreational structure Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arcology amp oldid 1127445955, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
