fbpx
Wikipedia

Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen

May 02, 2024

Not to be confused with his grand-nephew, Archduke Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen.

Archduke Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Dominik of Austria, Duke of Teschen (3 August 1817 – 18 February 1895), was an Austrian Habsburg general. He was the grandson of Emperor Leopold II and one of the chief military advisors of Emperor Francis Joseph I. As Inspector General for 36 years, he was an old-fashioned bureaucrat who largely controlled the Austro-Hungarian Army and delayed modernization. He was honored with the rank of Field Marshal in the armies of Austria-Hungary (1863) and Germany (1893).

Archduke Albrecht
Archduke Albrecht, c. 1890s
Duke of Teschen
Reign30 April 1847 – 18 February 1895
PredecessorCharles
SuccessorFriedrich
Born(1817-08-03)3 August 1817
Vienna, Austrian Empire
Died18 February 1895(1895-02-18) (aged 77)
Arco, Austria-Hungary
Burial
Imperial Crypt
SpousePrincess Hildegard of Bavaria
Issue
Names
Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Dominik
HouseHabsburg-Lorraine
FatherArchduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
MotherPrincess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg

According to historians John Keegan and Andrew Wheatcroft:

He was a firm conservative in all matters, military and civil, and took to writing pamphlets lamenting the state of the Army’s morale as well as fighting a fierce rearguard action against all forms of innovation…. Much of the Austrian failure in the First World War can be traced back to his long period of power…. His power was that of the bureaucrat, not the fighting soldier, and his thirty years of command over the peacetime Habsburg Army made it a flabby instrument of war.[1]

Early life edit

A grandson of the Emperor Leopold II, he was the eldest son of Archduke Charles of Austria, who defeated French Emperor Napoleon I at Aspern-Essling (1809), and Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg. He was the nephew of the Emperor Francis I, and cousin to Emperor Franz Joseph I's father Archduke Franz Karl of Austria, and served under Franz Joseph.

Born in Vienna, from an early age he had a military disposition, which his father encouraged. Albrecht was subject to a mild form of epilepsy, according to report, but this did not visibly interfere with his military career.

He entered the Austrian army in 1837 with Feldmarshal Joseph Radetzky as his military governor. Having received a thorough military education, Albrecht was named a Generalmajor in 1840 and promoted to Feldmarschall-Leutnant in 1843.

Military campaigns edit

Promoted to General der Kavallerie in 1845, Albrecht was given command of Upper Austria, Lower Austria, and Salzburg. Upon the death of his father in 1847, he inherited the Palais Weilburg in Baden bei Wien, which became the family's summer home. In the winter the family lived in Vienna in the Palais Erzherzog Albrecht (the modern Albertina museum).

 

As the commandant of Vienna,[2] Albrecht was wounded in the street fighting on 13 March 1848 at the start of the revolutionary disturbances. He issued live ammunition to his soldiers and secured the inner city, but was unable to suppress the disorder in the outlying districts. With the fall of Metternich and the formation of a city guard led by students, Albrecht pulled his troops into barracks. Radicals resented his attempt to quell the revolution while some fellow officers thought he showed a lack of resolve. Unsatisfactory to both factions and under pressure from city authorities, Albrecht was replaced by Count Auersperg.[3]

Albrecht was sent south to command a division under Radetzky, who faced a coalition of states of the Italian peninsula led by King Charles Albert of Sardinia. Albrecht personally supervised the crossing of the Ticino and by the handling of his division ensuring victory at Novara on 23 March 1849.

He became civil and military governor of Hungary in 1851, serving until his recall in 1860. When Albrecht's wife, Archduchess Hildegard, went to Munich in March 1864 for the funeral of her brother, King Maximilian II, she became ill with a lung inflammation and pleurisy. She died in Vienna on 2 April 1864, two months short of her 38th birthday.

At the outbreak of the Seven Weeks' War in June 1866, Albrecht was named commander of the southern army facing the Italian forces of King Victor Emmanuel II. Albrecht was decisively victorious in the Battle of Custoza (24 June 1866), but failed to exploit his victory when he neglected to pursue the beaten Italian Army of the Mincio. Any advantages for the Austrians however were canceled out by the crushing defeat on 3 July at Königgrätz, where Ludwig von Benedek was surprised by the speed of Helmuth von Moltke's concentric advance into Bohemia.

Albrecht was named Oberkommandeur (Commander-in-Chief) on 10 July 1866. Benedek's defeat made any further action against Prussia impossible, however, and peace was shortly concluded with both Prussia and Italy. Besides the loss of Holstein to Prussia and Venetia to Italy in 1866, the war resulted in the transformation of the Austrian realm in 1867 as the Dual Monarchy – the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Inspector General edit

Albrecht remained Oberkommandeur until 1869; when Kaiser Franz Josef I assumed the title that year, Albrecht became Generalinspekteur (Inspector General), the post he occupied until his death. In 1869 he published Über die Verantwortlichkeit im Kriege (On Responsibility in War). His reform of the Austro-Hungarian Army was based on the Prussian model: development of railways and manufacturing, adoption of short-service conscription, procurement of modern weapons and reform of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff. Albrecht's program upgraded the army but he then froze it in place for the next three decades as it declined in quality. He fought liberals (including Crown Prince Rudolf) claiming their reforms would be too expensive and disruptive.

In public affairs, he was leader of the conservative Court Party, and opposed the ministry of Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust at every point, expressing the most inexorably reactionary views. As such he was an absolutist and opposed any liberal ideas and any weakening of the imperial power. He was somewhat more courteous to Beust's successors, though he remained given to bombastic pronouncements that may not have reflected his actual sentiments. He was widely thought, for instance, to be antipathetic toward Prussia after 1866, yet he modeled his military reforms on those of Prussia and even attended a parade of the Prussian Royal Guard in Berlin at the invitation of Emperor William I. In December 1876 Albrecht advocated a preventive war against Italy on the grounds that of all Austria's neighbors, Italy was the most hostile, could be beaten most easily, and be forced to pay compensation to Austria-Hungary, whose victory would establish it as a Great Power.[4]

At the Congress of Berlin in 1878, the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Gyula Andrássy, in addition to the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, also obtained the right to station garrisons in the Sanjak of Novi Pazar, which remained under Ottoman administration. The Sanjak preserved the separation of Serbia and Montenegro, and the Austro-Hungarian garrisons there would open the way for a dash to Salonika, supported by Albrecht, that "would bring the western half of the Balkans under permanent Austrian influence."[5] "High [Austro-Hungarian] military authorities desired [an ...] immediate major expedition with Salonika as its objective."[6]

On 28 September 1878 the Finance Minister, Koloman von Zell, threatened to resign if the army, behind which stood the Archduke Albert, were allowed to advance to Salonika. In the session of the Hungarian Parliament of 5 November 1878 the Opposition proposed that the Foreign Minister should be impeached for violating the constitution by his policy during the Near East Crisis and by the occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina. The motion was lost by 179 to 95. By the Opposition rank and file the gravest accusations were raised against Andrassy.[6]

Reputed to be the wealthiest of the Habsburgs, Albrecht owned some 300,000 acres (1,200 km2) in Hungary. He also owned a fine collection of paintings and engravings, later the nucleus of the Albertina museum. His popularity was profound, for his generosity to the poor was genuine and unfeigned; he was widely known as Engelsherz (Angel's-heart).

When Albrecht was made a Feldmarschall in March 1888, Crown Prince Rudolf was appointed his subordinate as Generalinspekteur der Infanterie (Inspector General of Infantry). The new Inspector found any move toward liberal reform blocked by the War Minister, Feldzeugmeister Ferdinand von Bauer, the Chief of the General Staff, Feldzeugmeister Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky – and by Albrecht himself. Senior officers deferred to Albrecht who, after all, had laboriously modernized the Army after the disaster of 1866. However, the anomalous situation in the military administration was undoubtedly only one of many factors that contributed to Rudolf's suicide at Mayerling on 30 January 1889.[original research?]

Later life edit

 
Statue of Archduke Albrecht outside the Albertina, Vienna

Having been made a Feldmarschall in his own army in 1863, Albrecht was the recipient of the equivalent rank of Generalfeldmarschall in the Imperial German Army in 1893, Wilhelm II, German Emperor sending General Walther von Loë to deliver the baton to Albrecht.

Archduke Albrecht continued to serve as Generalinspekteur even into advanced age - a situation not uncommon in Austria-Hungary where many commanders retained posts and commissions into old age.[7] By 1895, though still holding his office, he was partially blind and his horse had to be led by an adjutant.[7]

When he died in Arco on 18 February 1895, Archduke Albrecht received a state funeral and was buried in tomb 128 of the Imperial Crypt in Vienna. His fortune and his title of Duke of Teschen were inherited by his nephew, Archduke Friedrich, who served as Oberkommandeur in 1914–17.

Today, an equestrian statue of Archduke Albrecht stands near the entrance to the Albertina museum, his former city residence in Vienna.

Family and children edit

On 1 May 1844 Albrecht married in Munich Princess Hildegard of Bavaria, daughter of King Ludwig I and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. Albrecht and Hildegard had 3 children:

Honours edit

Albrecht received the following decorations and awards:[8]

Namesake edit

Albrecht's name was given to a Panzerschiff (armorclad, later battleship) launched in 1872 as Erzherzog Albrecht. Renamed Feuerspeier in 1908, she was ceded to Italy in 1920 and renamed Buttafuoco. The old ironclad survived as a hulk until she was scrapped in 1947.

Ancestry edit

References edit

  1. ^ John Keegan and Andrew Wheatcroft, Who's Who in Military History: From 1453 to the Present Day (2001) p, 12.
  2. ^ Rothenburg 1976, p. 3.
  3. ^ Rothenburg 1976, p. 23.
  4. ^ Rothenburg 1976, p. 99.
  5. ^ Albertini, Luigi (1952). The Origins of the War of 1914. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. p. 19.
  6. ^ a b Albertini, Luigi (1952). The Origins of the War of 1914. Vol. I. Oxford University Press. p. 33.
  7. ^ a b Rothenburg 1976, p. 122.
  8. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie (1895), Genealogy p. 8
  9. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie (1895), Orders of Knighthood pp. 62, 64-65
  10. ^ Lehmann, Gustaf (1913). Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1812–1913 [The Knights of the Order of the Pour le Mérite] (in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn. p. 421.
  11. ^ Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1884). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 47.
  12. ^ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 472. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
  13. ^ "Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III". Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish). 1887. p. 149. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  14. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (in German). Königl. Oberpostamt. 1867. p. 9. Retrieved 2019-07-15.
  15. ^ Sachsen (1866). Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1865/66. Heinrich. p. 4.
  16. ^ Württemberg (1869). Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Württemberg: 1869. p. 32.
  17. ^ Per Nordenvall (1998). "Kungl. Maj:ts Orden". Kungliga Serafimerorden: 1748–1998 (in Swedish). Stockholm. ISBN 91-630-6744-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  18. ^ Ferdinand Veldekens (1858). Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer. lelong. p. 174.
  19. ^ Staat Hannover (1865). Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1865. Berenberg. pp. 37, 76.
  20. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1858), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 34, 48
  21. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 10
  22. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1869), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 12 2020-06-08 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau (1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p. 7
  24. ^ "Militaire Willems-Orde: Österreich-Teschen, Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Erzherzog von" [Military William Order: Austria-Teschen, Albert Frederick Rudolf Archduke of]. Ministerie van Defensie (in Dutch). 27 June 1856. Retrieved 12 March 2016.

Bibliography edit

  • "Death of Archduke Albrecht", The New York Times, 19 February 1895
  • Robert Gardiner (editorial director), Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1985. ISBN 0-85177-245-5
  • Robert A. Kann, A History of the Habsburg Empire 1526–1918. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.
  • George R. Marek, The Eagles Die: Franz Joseph, Elisabeth, and Their Austria. New York: Harper & Row, 1974. ISBN 978-0-246-10880-7
  • Frederic Morton, A Nervous Splendour. Vienna 1888–1889. London: The Folio Society, 2006 (first published in 1979).
  • Alan Palmer, Twilight of the Habsburgs. The life and times of the Emperor Francis Joseph. New York: Grove Press, 1994.
  • Rothenburg, G. (1976). The Army of Francis Joseph. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press.

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen.
Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen
Born: 3 August 1817 Died: 18 February 1895
Titles of nobility
Preceded by Duke of Teschen
1847–1895 		Succeeded by

May 02, 2024
archduke, albrecht, duke, teschen, confused, with, grand, nephew, archduke, albrecht, franz, duke, teschen, archduke, albrecht, friedrich, rudolf, dominik, austria, duke, teschen, august, 1817, february, 1895, austrian, habsburg, general, grandson, emperor, le. Not to be confused with his grand nephew Archduke Albrecht Franz Duke of Teschen Archduke Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Dominik of Austria Duke of Teschen 3 August 1817 18 February 1895 was an Austrian Habsburg general He was the grandson of Emperor Leopold II and one of the chief military advisors of Emperor Francis Joseph I As Inspector General for 36 years he was an old fashioned bureaucrat who largely controlled the Austro Hungarian Army and delayed modernization He was honored with the rank of Field Marshal in the armies of Austria Hungary 1863 and Germany 1893 Archduke AlbrechtArchduke Albrecht c 1890sDuke of TeschenReign30 April 1847 18 February 1895PredecessorCharlesSuccessorFriedrichBorn 1817 08 03 3 August 1817Vienna Austrian EmpireDied18 February 1895 1895 02 18 aged 77 Arco Austria HungaryBurialImperial CryptSpousePrincess Hildegard of BavariaIssueMaria Theresa Duchess of WurttembergArchduke KarlArchduchess MathildaNamesAlbrecht Friedrich Rudolf DominikHouseHabsburg LorraineFatherArchduke Charles Duke of TeschenMotherPrincess Henrietta of Nassau Weilburg According to historians John Keegan and Andrew Wheatcroft He was a firm conservative in all matters military and civil and took to writing pamphlets lamenting the state of the Army s morale as well as fighting a fierce rearguard action against all forms of innovation Much of the Austrian failure in the First World War can be traced back to his long period of power His power was that of the bureaucrat not the fighting soldier and his thirty years of command over the peacetime Habsburg Army made it a flabby instrument of war 1 Contents 1 Early life 2 Military campaigns 3 Inspector General 4 Later life 5 Family and children 6 Honours 7 Namesake 8 Ancestry 9 References 10 Bibliography 11 See alsoEarly life editA grandson of the Emperor Leopold II he was the eldest son of Archduke Charles of Austria who defeated French Emperor Napoleon I at Aspern Essling 1809 and Princess Henrietta of Nassau Weilburg He was the nephew of the Emperor Francis I and cousin to Emperor Franz Joseph I s father Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and served under Franz Joseph Born in Vienna from an early age he had a military disposition which his father encouraged Albrecht was subject to a mild form of epilepsy according to report but this did not visibly interfere with his military career He entered the Austrian army in 1837 with Feldmarshal Joseph Radetzky as his military governor Having received a thorough military education Albrecht was named a Generalmajor in 1840 and promoted to Feldmarschall Leutnant in 1843 Military campaigns editPromoted to General der Kavallerie in 1845 Albrecht was given command of Upper Austria Lower Austria and Salzburg Upon the death of his father in 1847 he inherited the Palais Weilburg in Baden bei Wien which became the family s summer home In the winter the family lived in Vienna in the Palais Erzherzog Albrecht the modern Albertina museum nbsp As the commandant of Vienna 2 Albrecht was wounded in the street fighting on 13 March 1848 at the start of the revolutionary disturbances He issued live ammunition to his soldiers and secured the inner city but was unable to suppress the disorder in the outlying districts With the fall of Metternich and the formation of a city guard led by students Albrecht pulled his troops into barracks Radicals resented his attempt to quell the revolution while some fellow officers thought he showed a lack of resolve Unsatisfactory to both factions and under pressure from city authorities Albrecht was replaced by Count Auersperg 3 Albrecht was sent south to command a division under Radetzky who faced a coalition of states of the Italian peninsula led by King Charles Albert of Sardinia Albrecht personally supervised the crossing of the Ticino and by the handling of his division ensuring victory at Novara on 23 March 1849 He became civil and military governor of Hungary in 1851 serving until his recall in 1860 When Albrecht s wife Archduchess Hildegard went to Munich in March 1864 for the funeral of her brother King Maximilian II she became ill with a lung inflammation and pleurisy She died in Vienna on 2 April 1864 two months short of her 38th birthday At the outbreak of the Seven Weeks War in June 1866 Albrecht was named commander of the southern army facing the Italian forces of King Victor Emmanuel II Albrecht was decisively victorious in the Battle of Custoza 24 June 1866 but failed to exploit his victory when he neglected to pursue the beaten Italian Army of the Mincio Any advantages for the Austrians however were canceled out by the crushing defeat on 3 July at Koniggratz where Ludwig von Benedek was surprised by the speed of Helmuth von Moltke s concentric advance into Bohemia Albrecht was named Oberkommandeur Commander in Chief on 10 July 1866 Benedek s defeat made any further action against Prussia impossible however and peace was shortly concluded with both Prussia and Italy Besides the loss of Holstein to Prussia and Venetia to Italy in 1866 the war resulted in the transformation of the Austrian realm in 1867 as the Dual Monarchy the Austro Hungarian Empire Inspector General editAlbrecht remained Oberkommandeur until 1869 when Kaiser Franz Josef I assumed the title that year Albrecht became Generalinspekteur Inspector General the post he occupied until his death In 1869 he published Uber die Verantwortlichkeit im Kriege On Responsibility in War His reform of the Austro Hungarian Army was based on the Prussian model development of railways and manufacturing adoption of short service conscription procurement of modern weapons and reform of the Austro Hungarian General Staff Albrecht s program upgraded the army but he then froze it in place for the next three decades as it declined in quality He fought liberals including Crown Prince Rudolf claiming their reforms would be too expensive and disruptive In public affairs he was leader of the conservative Court Party and opposed the ministry of Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust at every point expressing the most inexorably reactionary views As such he was an absolutist and opposed any liberal ideas and any weakening of the imperial power He was somewhat more courteous to Beust s successors though he remained given to bombastic pronouncements that may not have reflected his actual sentiments He was widely thought for instance to be antipathetic toward Prussia after 1866 yet he modeled his military reforms on those of Prussia and even attended a parade of the Prussian Royal Guard in Berlin at the invitation of Emperor William I In December 1876 Albrecht advocated a preventive war against Italy on the grounds that of all Austria s neighbors Italy was the most hostile could be beaten most easily and be forced to pay compensation to Austria Hungary whose victory would establish it as a Great Power 4 At the Congress of Berlin in 1878 the Austro Hungarian Foreign Minister Gyula Andrassy in addition to the Austro Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina also obtained the right to station garrisons in the Sanjak of Novi Pazar which remained under Ottoman administration The Sanjak preserved the separation of Serbia and Montenegro and the Austro Hungarian garrisons there would open the way for a dash to Salonika supported by Albrecht that would bring the western half of the Balkans under permanent Austrian influence 5 High Austro Hungarian military authorities desired an immediate major expedition with Salonika as its objective 6 On 28 September 1878 the Finance Minister Koloman von Zell threatened to resign if the army behind which stood the Archduke Albert were allowed to advance to Salonika In the session of the Hungarian Parliament of 5 November 1878 the Opposition proposed that the Foreign Minister should be impeached for violating the constitution by his policy during the Near East Crisis and by the occupation of Bosnia Herzegovina The motion was lost by 179 to 95 By the Opposition rank and file the gravest accusations were raised against Andrassy 6 Reputed to be the wealthiest of the Habsburgs Albrecht owned some 300 000 acres 1 200 km2 in Hungary He also owned a fine collection of paintings and engravings later the nucleus of the Albertina museum His popularity was profound for his generosity to the poor was genuine and unfeigned he was widely known as Engelsherz Angel s heart When Albrecht was made a Feldmarschall in March 1888 Crown Prince Rudolf was appointed his subordinate as Generalinspekteur der Infanterie Inspector General of Infantry The new Inspector found any move toward liberal reform blocked by the War Minister Feldzeugmeister Ferdinand von Bauer the Chief of the General Staff Feldzeugmeister Friedrich von Beck Rzikowsky and by Albrecht himself Senior officers deferred to Albrecht who after all had laboriously modernized the Army after the disaster of 1866 However the anomalous situation in the military administration was undoubtedly only one of many factors that contributed to Rudolf s suicide at Mayerling on 30 January 1889 original research Later life edit nbsp Statue of Archduke Albrecht outside the Albertina Vienna Having been made a Feldmarschall in his own army in 1863 Albrecht was the recipient of the equivalent rank of Generalfeldmarschall in the Imperial German Army in 1893 Wilhelm II German Emperor sending General Walther von Loe to deliver the baton to Albrecht Archduke Albrecht continued to serve as Generalinspekteur even into advanced age a situation not uncommon in Austria Hungary where many commanders retained posts and commissions into old age 7 By 1895 though still holding his office he was partially blind and his horse had to be led by an adjutant 7 When he died in Arco on 18 February 1895 Archduke Albrecht received a state funeral and was buried in tomb 128 of the Imperial Crypt in Vienna His fortune and his title of Duke of Teschen were inherited by his nephew Archduke Friedrich who served as Oberkommandeur in 1914 17 Today an equestrian statue of Archduke Albrecht stands near the entrance to the Albertina museum his former city residence in Vienna Family and children editOn 1 May 1844 Albrecht married in Munich Princess Hildegard of Bavaria daughter of King Ludwig I and Therese of Saxe Hildburghausen Albrecht and Hildegard had 3 children Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria Teschen 15 July 1845 Vienna 8 October 1927 Tubingen married at Vienna on 18 January 1865 Duke Philipp of Wurttemberg 1838 Neuilly sur Seine 1917 Stuttgart and had five children Albrecht Duke of Wurttemberg 1865 1939 commander on the Western Front of the German Fourth Army 1914 17 and Army Group Duke Albrecht 1917 18 like his grandfather he was made a German Field Marshal in 1916 Marie Amelie of Wurttemberg 1865 1883 Isabelle of Wurttemberg 1871 1904 Robert of Wurttemberg 1873 1947 Ulrich of Wurttemberg 1877 1944 Archduke Karl of Austria Teschen 3 January 1847 Vienna 19 July 1848 died of smallpox and buried in tomb 131 of the Imperial Crypt Archduchess Mathilda of Austria Teschen 25 January 1849 Vienna 6 June 1867 Schloss Hetzendorf near Vienna buried in tomb 130 of the Imperial Crypt Honours editAlbrecht received the following decorations and awards 8 nbsp Austria 9 Knight of the Golden Fleece 1830 Grand Cross of St Stephen 1852 Grand Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa 1866 Military Merit Cross with War Decoration Long Service Cross for Officers 1st Class nbsp Sovereign Military Order of Malta Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion nbsp Tuscany Grand Cross of St Joseph nbsp Russia Knight of St George 1st Class Knight of St Andrew Knight of St Alexander Nevsky Knight of the White Eagle Knight of St Anna 1st Class Knight of St Vladimir 1st Class nbsp Prussia Knight of the Black Eagle with Collar 1891 Knight of the Red Eagle 1st Class Grand Commander of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern Pour le Merite military 10 April 1849 10 nbsp France Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour nbsp Brazil Grand Cross of the Southern Cross nbsp Ottoman Empire Order of Osmanieh 1st Class in Diamonds nbsp Italy Knight of the Annunciation 21 September 1873 11 nbsp Denmark Knight of the Elephant 19 September 1881 12 nbsp Portugal Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword nbsp Spain Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III with Collar 25 June 1883 13 Grand Cross of the Military Order of St Ferdinand nbsp Bavaria Knight of St Hubert 1843 14 Grand Cross of the Military Order of Max Joseph nbsp Saxony Knight of the Rue Crown 1851 15 nbsp Wurttemberg Grand Cross of the Wurttemberg Crown 1856 16 nbsp nbsp Sweden Norway Knight of the Seraphim 20 April 1885 17 nbsp Belgium Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold 1 August 1856 18 nbsp Greece Grand Cross of the Redeemer nbsp Hanover 19 Knight of St George 1843 Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order 1843 nbsp Two Sicilies Grand Cross of the Constantinian Order of St George Grand Cross of St Ferdinand and Merit nbsp Romania Grand Cross of the Star of Romania with War Insignia nbsp Serbia Grand Cross of the White Eagle Grand Cross of the Cross of Takovo nbsp Baden 20 Knight of the House Order of Fidelity 1856 Grand Cross of the Zahringer Lion 1856 nbsp Grand Duchy of Hesse Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order 7 September 1843 21 nbsp Saxe Weimar Eisenach Grand Cross of the White Falcon 22 October 1859 22 nbsp Nassau Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau June 1858 23 nbsp Brunswick Grand Cross of Henry the Lion nbsp Montenegro Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I nbsp Netherlands Commander of the Military William Order 27 June 1856 24 nbsp Holy See Knight of the Supreme Order of ChristNamesake editAlbrecht s name was given to a Panzerschiff armorclad later battleship launched in 1872 as Erzherzog Albrecht Renamed Feuerspeier in 1908 she was ceded to Italy in 1920 and renamed Buttafuoco The old ironclad survived as a hulk until she was scrapped in 1947 Ancestry editAncestors of Archduke Albrecht Duke of Teschen8 Francis I Holy Roman Emperor4 Leopold II Holy Roman Emperor9 Maria Theresa Queen of Hungary2 Archduke Charles Duke of Teschen10 Charles III of Spain5 Infanta Maria Louisa of Spain11 Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony1 Archduke Albrecht Duke of Teschen12 Charles Christian Prince of Nassau Weilburg6 Frederick William Prince of Nassau Weilburg13 Princess Carolina of Orange Nassau3 Princess Henrietta of Nassau Weilburg14 Wilhelm Georg Burgrave of Kirchberg7 Burgravine Louise Isabella of Kirchberg15 Princess Isabelle Auguste Reuss of GreizReferences edit John Keegan and Andrew Wheatcroft Who s Who in Military History From 1453 to the Present Day 2001 p 12 Rothenburg 1976 p 3 Rothenburg 1976 p 23 Rothenburg 1976 p 99 Albertini Luigi 1952 The Origins of the War of 1914 Vol I Oxford University Press p 19 a b Albertini Luigi 1952 The Origins of the War of 1914 Vol I Oxford University Press p 33 a b Rothenburg 1976 p 122 Hof und Staatshandbuch der Osterreichisch Ungarischen Monarchie 1895 Genealogy p 8 Hof und Staatshandbuch der Osterreichisch Ungarischen Monarchie 1895 Orders of Knighthood pp 62 64 65 Lehmann Gustaf 1913 Die Ritter des Ordens pour le merite 1812 1913 The Knights of the Order of the Pour le Merite in German Vol 2 Berlin Ernst Siegfried Mittler amp Sohn p 421 Italia Ministero dell interno 1884 Calendario generale del Regno d Italia Unione tipografico editrice p 47 Jorgen Pedersen 2009 Riddere af Elefantordenen 1559 2009 in Danish Syddansk Universitetsforlag p 472 ISBN 978 87 7674 434 2 Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III Guia Oficial de Espana in Spanish 1887 p 149 Retrieved 21 March 2019 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Konigreichs Bayern in German Konigl Oberpostamt 1867 p 9 Retrieved 2019 07 15 Sachsen 1866 Staatshandbuch fur den Freistaat Sachsen 1865 66 Heinrich p 4 Wurttemberg 1869 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Konigreichs Wurttemberg 1869 p 32 Per Nordenvall 1998 Kungl Maj ts Orden Kungliga Serafimerorden 1748 1998 in Swedish Stockholm ISBN 91 630 6744 7 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Ferdinand Veldekens 1858 Le livre d or de l ordre de Leopold et de la croix de fer lelong p 174 Staat Hannover 1865 Hof und Staatshandbuch fur das Konigreich Hannover 1865 Berenberg pp 37 76 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Grossherzogtum Baden 1858 Grossherzogliche Orden pp 34 48 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Grossherzogtum Hessen 1879 Grossherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen p 10 Staatshandbuch fur das Grossherzogtum Sachsen Sachsen Weimar Eisenach 1869 Grossherzogliche Hausorden p 12 Archived 2020 06 08 at the Wayback Machine Staats und Adress Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau 1866 Herzogliche Orden p 7 Militaire Willems Orde Osterreich Teschen Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Erzherzog von Military William Order Austria Teschen Albert Frederick Rudolf Archduke of Ministerie van Defensie in Dutch 27 June 1856 Retrieved 12 March 2016 Bibliography edit Death of Archduke Albrecht The New York Times 19 February 1895 Robert Gardiner editorial director Conway s All the World s Fighting Ships 1906 1921 London Conway Maritime Press 1985 ISBN 0 85177 245 5 Robert A Kann A History of the Habsburg Empire 1526 1918 Berkeley University of California Press 1974 George R Marek The Eagles Die Franz Joseph Elisabeth and Their Austria New York Harper amp Row 1974 ISBN 978 0 246 10880 7 Frederic Morton A Nervous Splendour Vienna 1888 1889 London The Folio Society 2006 first published in 1979 Alan Palmer Twilight of the Habsburgs The life and times of the Emperor Francis Joseph New York Grove Press 1994 Rothenburg G 1976 The Army of Francis Joseph West Lafayette Purdue University Press See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Archduke Albrecht Duke of Teschen Erzherzog Albrecht Marsch Archduke Albrecht Duke of TeschenHouse of HabsburgBorn 3 August 1817 Died 18 February 1895 Titles of nobility Preceded byArchduke Karl Duke of Teschen1847 1895 Succeeded byArchduke Friedrich Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Archduke Albrecht Duke of Teschen amp oldid 1213799895, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.