The Battle of Novara (or Battle of Bicocca; Bicocca being a borough of Novara) was one of the battles fought between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia during the First Italian War of Independence, within the era of Italian unification. Lasting the whole day of 22 March 1849 and ending at dawn on 23 March, it resulted in a severe defeat and retreat of the Piedmontese (Sardinian) army.
An uneasy armistice made in 1848 between Austria and Sardinia lasted less than seven months, before Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, denounced the truce on 12 March 1849. The Austrian army took the military initiative in Lombardy. Under the command of Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, it seized the fortress town of Mortara.
The seizure of Mortara led to a battle between Austrian and Piedmontese troops at Novara, 28 miles (45 km) west of Milan. 70,000 Austrian troops, superior in numbers and armament to the 45,000 Piedmontese, thoroughly routed their opponent as they had at the Battle of Custoza the previous year. Piedmont also suffered from a lack of support from the smaller Italian states. General Girolamo Ramorino was accused of disobeying orders before the Battle of Novara, and, that same year, he was executed.
The Piedmontese were driven back to Borgomanero at the foot of the Alps, and the Austrian forces occupied Novara, Vercelli and Trino, with the road to the Piedmontese capital, Turin, lying open to them.
Aftermath
Albrecht Adam, Die Schlacht bei Novarra (The Battle of Novara), 1858
Austrian general Baron Julius von Haynausubdued Brescia, 54 miles NE of Milan, and Charles Albert abdicated in favor of his son Victor Emmanuel, who would later become the first king of a unified Italy. Friedrich Engels wrote "that, after this defeat, a revolution and proclamation of a republic in Turin is expected, arises from the fact that the attempt is being made to prevent it by the abdication of Charles Albert in favour of his eldest son."[4] A Piedmontese Republic was not created, though a Roman Republic had already been proclaimed in February, and there existed a Venetian Republic as well. Charles Albert exiled himself to Oporto, Portugal, and died shortly thereafter.
A peace treaty was signed on 9 August. Piedmont was forced to pay an indemnity of 65 million francs to Austria. A reenactment of the battle occurs every year.[5] The Austrian frigate Novara, which went on a round-the-world scientific expedition between 1857 and 1859, was named after this Austrian victory.[6]
References
^P. Pieri, Storia militare del Risorgimento, vol. I, p. 303.
^P. Pieri, Storia militare del Risorgimento, vol. I, p. 304.
^ abP. Pieri, Storia militare del Risorgimento, vol. I, p. 311.
^Engels, Friedrich (April 1849). . Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Archived from the original on 27 April 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2018 – via marxists.org.
^Novara Risorgimentale 2007 November 25, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
^The Austrian Imperial Frigate SMS Novara 2005-06-15 at the Wayback Machine
External links
Battle of Novara, Forces in the Field, lastoria.org
January 07, 2023
battle, novara, 1849, this, article, about, savoyard, austrian, battle, 1849, other, uses, battle, novara, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article. This article is about the Savoyard Austrian battle in 1849 For other uses see Battle of Novara This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article has an unclear citation style The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting July 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Battle of Novara 1849 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message The Battle of Novara or Battle of Bicocca Bicocca being a borough of Novara was one of the battles fought between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia during the First Italian War of Independence within the era of Italian unification Lasting the whole day of 22 March 1849 and ending at dawn on 23 March it resulted in a severe defeat and retreat of the Piedmontese Sardinian army Battle of NovaraPart of the First Italian War of IndependenceRadetzky and his staff at the battle of Novara Painting by Albrecht Adam 1855 Date22 23 March 1849LocationNovara Piedmont present day Italy 45 25 53 N 8 42 58 E 45 43139 N 8 71611 E 45 43139 8 71611ResultAustrian victory abdication of Charles Albert of SardiniaBelligerentsPiedmont SardiniaAustriaCommanders and leadersWojciech ChrzanowskiJoseph Radetzky von RadetzStrength45 000 infantry 2 500 cavalry 109 guns 1 full citation needed 70 000 infantry 5 000 cavalry 141 guns 2 Casualties and losses578 dead 1 405 wounded 409 captured or missing 3 410 dead 1 850 wounded 963 captured or missing 3 Contents 1 Overview 2 Aftermath 3 References 4 External linksOverview EditAn uneasy armistice made in 1848 between Austria and Sardinia lasted less than seven months before Charles Albert King of Sardinia denounced the truce on 12 March 1849 The Austrian army took the military initiative in Lombardy Under the command of Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz it seized the fortress town of Mortara The seizure of Mortara led to a battle between Austrian and Piedmontese troops at Novara 28 miles 45 km west of Milan 70 000 Austrian troops superior in numbers and armament to the 45 000 Piedmontese thoroughly routed their opponent as they had at the Battle of Custoza the previous year Piedmont also suffered from a lack of support from the smaller Italian states General Girolamo Ramorino was accused of disobeying orders before the Battle of Novara and that same year he was executed The Piedmontese were driven back to Borgomanero at the foot of the Alps and the Austrian forces occupied Novara Vercelli and Trino with the road to the Piedmontese capital Turin lying open to them Aftermath Edit Albrecht Adam Die Schlacht bei Novarra The Battle of Novara 1858 Austrian general Baron Julius von Haynau subdued Brescia 54 miles NE of Milan and Charles Albert abdicated in favor of his son Victor Emmanuel who would later become the first king of a unified Italy Friedrich Engels wrote that after this defeat a revolution and proclamation of a republic in Turin is expected arises from the fact that the attempt is being made to prevent it by the abdication of Charles Albert in favour of his eldest son 4 A Piedmontese Republic was not created though a Roman Republic had already been proclaimed in February and there existed a Venetian Republic as well Charles Albert exiled himself to Oporto Portugal and died shortly thereafter A peace treaty was signed on 9 August Piedmont was forced to pay an indemnity of 65 million francs to Austria A reenactment of the battle occurs every year 5 The Austrian frigate Novara which went on a round the world scientific expedition between 1857 and 1859 was named after this Austrian victory 6 References Edit P Pieri Storia militare del Risorgimento vol I p 303 P Pieri Storia militare del Risorgimento vol I p 304 a b P Pieri Storia militare del Risorgimento vol I p 311 Engels Friedrich April 1849 The Defeat of the Piedmontese Neue Rheinische Zeitung Archived from the original on 27 April 2014 Retrieved 8 August 2018 via marxists org Novara Risorgimentale 2007 Archived November 25 2005 at the Wayback Machine The Austrian Imperial Frigate SMS Novara Archived 2005 06 15 at the Wayback MachineExternal links EditBattle of Novara Forces in the Field lastoria org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Battle of Novara 1849 amp oldid 1124895691, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
