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Arabic coffee

Arabic coffee is a version of the brewed coffee of Coffea arabica beans. Most Arab countries throughout the Middle East have developed distinct methods for brewing and preparing coffee. Cardamom[1] is an often-added spice,[2] but it can alternatively be served plain or with sugar.

Arabic coffee
A dallah is a traditional Arabic coffee pot with cups and coffee beans.
Alternative namesQahwah arabiyya
TypeCoffea arabica
CourseDrink
Place of originMokha
Region or stateYemen
Associated cuisineArab cuisine
Invented15th century
Serving temperatureHot
  •   Media: Arabic coffee

There are several different styles to brewing the coffee depending on the preference of the drinker. Some methods keep the coffee light whereas others can make it dark. Arabic coffee is bitter, and typically no sugar is added. It is usually served in a small cup that is adorned with a decorative pattern, known as a finjān. Culturally, Arabic coffee is served during family gatherings or when receiving guests.

Arabic coffee is ingrained within Middle Eastern and Arab culture and tradition, and is the most popular form of coffee brewed in the Middle East. It originated in the Middle East, beginning in Yemen[3] and eventually travelling to Mecca (Hejaz), Egypt, the Levant, and then, in the mid-16th century, to Turkey and from there to Europe[4] where coffee eventually became popular as well.[5] Arabic coffee is an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Arab states confirmed by UNESCO.[6]

Etymology edit

 
Arab woman (coffee bearer) in Cairo, Egypt, by John Frederick Lewis, 1857

The word "coffee" entered the English language in 1582 via the Dutch koffie,[7] borrowed from the Ottoman Turkish kahve, in turn borrowed from the Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee, a brew”).[8] The word qahwah may have originally referred to the drink's reputation as an appetite suppressant from the word qahiya (Arabic: قَهِيَ, romanizedqahiya, lit.'to lack hunger').[9][10] The name qahwah is not used for the berry or plant (the products of the region), which are known in Arabic as bunn. Semitic had a root qhh "dark color", which became a natural designation for the beverage. According to this analysis, the feminine form qahwah (also meaning "dark in color, dull(ing), dry, sour") also had the meaning of wine, which was also often dark in color.[11]

History edit

The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking appears in the middle of the 15th century (but believed to be much earlier) from Yemen as Coffee was in use in Yemen's Sufi monasteries.[5] Sufis used it to keep themselves alert during their nighttime devotions. A translation of Al-Jaziri's manuscript[12] traces the spread of coffee from Arabia Felix (the present day Yemen) northward to Mecca and Medina, and then to the larger cities of Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad, and Constantinople. In 1511, it was forbidden for its stimulating effect by conservative, orthodox imams at a theological court in Mecca.[13] However, these bans were to be overturned in 1524 by an order of the Ottoman Turkish Sultan Suleiman I, with Grand Mufti Mehmet Ebussuud el-İmadi issuing a fatwa allowing the consumption of coffee.[14] In Cairo, Egypt, a similar ban was instituted in 1532, and the coffeehouses and warehouses containing coffee beans were sacked.[15]

Preparation edit

 
Dallahs

Arabic coffee is made from coffee beans roasted very lightly or heavily from 165 to 210 °C (329 to 410 °F) and cardamom, and is a traditional beverage in Arab culture.[16] Traditionally, it is roasted on the premises (at home or for special occasions), ground, brewed and served in front of guests.[17] It is often served with dates, dried fruit, candied fruit or nuts.[18] Arabic coffee is defined by the method of preparation and flavors, rather than the type of roast beans. Arabic coffee is boiled coffee that is not filtered, made black. Sugar is not typically added, but if so, it can be added during preparation or when serving. It is served in a small delicate cup without handles, called finjān. Sometimes, the coffee is moved to a larger and more beautiful pour pitcher to serve in front of the guests, called Dallah. Often, though, the host prepares coffee in the kitchen and highlights a tray of small cups of coffee.[19] Unlike Turkish coffee, traditional Arabic coffee, with its roots in Bedouin tradition, is usually unsweetened (qahwah saada). To make up for the bitter flavor, coffee is usually served with something sweet – dates are a traditional accompaniment – and other desserts are often served along with a tray of coffee cups.[18]

 
Kanaka, also called rikwah or jezwah, at Souq Waqif in Doha, Qatar

Arabian Peninsula edit

Light roasting is the common method in Saudi Arabia, especially in the Najd and Hejaz regions which gives the coffee its golden / blonde color. Spices like saffron, cardamom, cloves and cinnamon are added depending on the maker, with cardamom being the most essential. one of the most commonly used coffee beans are Harari coffee beans, Bunn Harari Arabic: بُنْ هَرَرِي which comes from the Harari Region in Ethiopia.

While the Arabic coffee in Najd and Hejaz takes a golden color, in North Arabia a type of Arabic coffee known as qahwah shamālia[20][21] (literally means Northern Coffee) it looks darker in color, because roasting the coffee beans takes a bit longer. Northern coffee is also known as Bedouin coffee in Jordan. Some people add a little-evaporated milk to slightly alter its color; however, this is rare.

It is prepared in and served from a special coffee pot called albendazole dallah (Arabic: دلة[22]); more commonly used is the coffee pot called cezve (also called rikwah or kanaka) and the coffee cups are small with no handle called finjān Arabic: فِنْجَان.[23] The portions are small, covering just the bottom of the cup. It is served in homes, and in good restaurants by specially clad waiters called gahwaji, and it is almost always accompanied with dates. It is always offered with the compliments of the house.

 
The different types of Arabic coffee with the Hejazi / Najdi golden coffee seen on the left and the Levantine black "qahwah sādah" (plain coffee) on the right

Levant edit

The hot beverage that Arabs consume is coffee – served in the morning and throughout the day. The coffee of choice is usually Arabic coffee. Arabic coffee is similar to Turkish coffee, but the former is spiced with cardamom and is usually unsweetened.[24] Among Bedouins and most other Arabs throughout the region of Palestine, bitter coffee, known as qahwah sadah (Lit. plain coffee), was a symbol of hospitality. Pouring the drink was ceremonial; it would involve the host or his eldest son moving clockwise among guests – who were judged by age and status – pouring coffee into tiny cups from a brass pot. It was considered "polite" for guests to accept only three cups of coffee and then end their last cup by saying daymen, meaning "always", but intending to mean "may you always have the means to serve coffee".[25]

 
Arab Bedouin from a beehive village in Aleppo, Syria, sipping the traditional murra (bitter) coffee, 1930

In Lebanon, the coffee is prepared in a long-handled coffee pot called a "rakwe". The coffee is then poured directly from the "rakwe" into a small cup that is usually adorned with a decorative pattern, known as a finjān.[26] The finjān has a capacity of 60–90 ml (2–3 oz fl). Lebanese coffee is traditionally strong and black and is similar to the coffee of other Middle Eastern countries. However it differs in its beans and roast: the blonde and dark beans are mixed together and it is ground into a very fine powder.[27] It is often joked that a Lebanese person who does not drink coffee is in danger of losing their nationality.[26][28] Arabic coffee is much more than just a drink in Jordan – it is a traditional sign of respect and a way to bring people together. Black, cardamom-flavored Arabic coffee, also known as qahwah sādah (welcome coffee), deeply ingrained in Jordanian culture. Providing coffee (and tea) to guests is a large part of the intimate hospitality of the Hashemite Kingdom.

Morocco edit

While the national drink of Morocco is gunpowder green tea brewed with fresh mint and espresso is very popular, Arabic coffee is also widely consumed, especially on formal occasions. It is often made with the purpose of conducting a business deal and welcoming someone into one's home for the first time, and frequently served at weddings and on important occasions.

Cultivation edit

 
A maqhah in Ottoman Jerusalem in 1858

Much of the popularization of coffee is due to its cultivation in the Arab world, beginning in what is now Yemen, by Sufi monks in the 15th century.[29] Through thousands of Arabs pilgrimaging to Mecca, the enjoyment and harvesting of coffee, or the "wine of Araby" spread to other Arab countries (e.g. Egypt, Syria) and eventually to a majority of the world through the 16th century.

Coffee, in addition to being essential in the home, became a major part of social life.[30] Coffeehouses, qahwa قَهوة in Modern Standard Arabic, became "Schools of the Wise" as they developed into places of intellectual discussion, in addition to centers of relaxation and comradery.[31]

Coffeehouse edit

 
Coffeehouse in Cairo, c. 18th

Coffeehouse culture began in the Arab world, and eventually spread to other areas of the world and blended with the local culture.[32] Traditional Arab coffeehouses are places where mostly men meet to socialize over games, coffee, and water pipes (shisha or argille). Depending on where the coffeehouse is, its specialty differs. In Maghreb, green tea is served with mint or coffee is served Arab and/or European style. Arabic coffee, or Turkish coffee, is made in Egypt and the Levant countries. Arabic coffee is a very small amount of dark coffee boiled in a pot and presented in a demitasse cup. Particularly in Egypt, coffee is served mazbuuta, which means the amount of sugar will be "just right", about one teaspoon per cup. However, in the Arabian Peninsula, Arabic coffee is roasted in such a way that the coffee is almost clear. In all of the Arab world, it is traditional for the host to refill the guest's cup until politely signaled that the guest is finished.[30]

Served edit

An Arab man pours the traditional cup of Arabic coffee in Levant.

Arabic coffee is usually served just a few centiliters at a time.[16] The guest drinks it and if he wishes, he will gesture to the waiter not to pour any more. Otherwise, the host/waiter will continue to serve another few centilitres at a time until the guest indicates he has had enough. The most common practice is to drink only one cup since serving coffee serves as a ceremonial act of kindness and hospitality. Sometimes people also drink larger volumes during conversations.[33]

Customs edit

The cups are normally only filled partway, and the custom is to drink three cups.[34] Arabic coffee has a prominent place in traditional Arab holidays and special events such as Ramadan and Eid.

Fortune-telling edit

Arabic coffee reading (Arabic: قراءة الفنجان, romanizedqirāʾat al-finjān), is similar to tea-leaf reading; the client is asked to consume strong fresh Arabic coffee leaving approximately a teaspoon of liquid in the cup. The cup is then inverted onto a saucer to allowing the residual liquid to drain away and dry up. The reader will then interpret the patterns formed by the thick residue on the inside of the cup looking for symbols and letters.[35][36]

Funeral edit

Arabic funerals gather families and extended relatives, who drink bitter and unsweetened coffee and recount the life and characteristics of the deceased. The men and women gather separately, and it has become very fashionable to employ very presentable women whose only job is to serve coffee all day to the women. Male waiters serve the men. Arab Muslims and Christians share this tradition.[37]

Nutrition facts edit

A small cup of Arabic coffee has almost no calories or fat. It contains a small amount of protein.[38][39]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "How Can You Use Cardamom Spice In Your Cooking?". The Spruce Eats. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 2018-12-28. Retrieved 2017-10-06.
  3. ^ Mokha, Al. "Yemen Coffee History". Al Mokha. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  4. ^ "Coffee and qahwa: How a drink for Arab mystics went global". BBC News. 2013-04-18. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  5. ^ a b Weinberg, Bennett Alan; Bealer, Bonnie K. (2001). The world of caffeine. Routledge. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-0-415-92723-9. coffee goat ethiopia Kaldi.
  6. ^ "Arabic coffee, a symbol of generosity - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO". www.unesco.org. from the original on 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
  7. ^ OED, s.v. "Coffee".
  8. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "coffee, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1891.
  9. ^ Kaye, Alan (1986). "The Etymology of Coffee: The Dark Brew". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 106 (3): 557–558. doi:10.2307/602112. JSTOR 602112.
  10. ^ قهي. الباحث العربي (in Arabic). from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2011.(see also qahiya: Hans Wehr's Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic 2023-03-27 at the Wayback Machine. page 930.)
  11. ^ Kaye, Alan S. (1986). "The etymology of "coffee": The dark brew". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 106 (3): 557–558. doi:10.2307/602112. JSTOR 602112.
  12. ^ Al-Jaziri's manuscript work is of considerable interest with regards to the history of coffee in Europe as well. A copy reached the French royal library, where it was translated in part by Antoine Galland as De l'origine et du progrès du café.
  13. ^ "resource for Arabic books". www.alwaraq.net. from the original on 2019-08-06. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  14. ^ Schneider, Irene (2001). "Ebussuud". In Michael Stolleis (ed.). Juristen: ein biographisches Lexikon; von der Antike bis zum 20. Jahrhundert (in German) (2nd ed.). München: Beck. p. 193. ISBN 3-406-45957-9.
  15. ^ J. E. Hanauer (1907). "About Coffee". Folk-lore of the Holy Land. pp. 291 f. [All] the coffee-houses [were] closed, and their keepers pelted with the sherds of their pots and cups. This was in 1524, but by an order of Selìm I., the decrees of the learned were reversed, the disturbances in Egypt quieted, the drinking of coffee declared perfectly orthodox
  16. ^ a b "What makes Arabic coffee unique?". Your Middle East. from the original on 2017-04-15. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  17. ^ "UNESCO - Arabic coffee, a symbol of generosity". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  18. ^ a b . www.dlc.fi. Archived from the original on 2017-05-06. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  19. ^ . Terrace Restaurant & Lounge. 2015-03-01. Archived from the original on 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  20. ^ Al Asfour, Saud. "القهوة الكويتية.. أصالة وعراقة". Alqabas. from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  21. ^ Al Asfour, Saud. "القهوجي.. "صَبَّاب القهوة" في الكويت قديماً". Alqabas. from the original on 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  22. ^ حماد, محمود (2024-01-04). "القهوة السعودية رمز الكرم والضيافة في المملكة لأكثر من 1000 عام". موقع نرسم (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-02-07.
  23. ^ "فنجان", Wiktionary, 2023-03-17, retrieved 2023-05-23
  24. ^ The rich flavors of Israel 2009-04-16 at the Wayback Machine Farsakh, Mai M. Institute for Middle East Understanding (IMEU), (Originally published by This Week in Palestine 2017-06-26 at the Wayback Machine) 2006-06-21 Accessed on 2007-12-18
  25. ^ A Taste of Palestine: Menus and Memories 2022-07-09 at the Wayback Machine (1993). Aziz Shihab. Corona Publishing Co. p.5 ISBN 978-0-931722-93-6
  26. ^ a b "Food Heritage Foundation – Lebanese coffee". food-heritage.org. 27 October 2014. from the original on 2018-08-21. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
  27. ^ "Lebanese Coffee, Coffee passion". maatouk.com. from the original on 2018-08-20. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
  28. ^ Kevin, Seun. "Best Appetite suppressant for Women".
  29. ^ Civitello, Linda (2007). Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. ISBN 9780471741725.
  30. ^ a b Brustad, Kristen; Al-Batal, Mahmoud; Al-Tonsi, Abbas (2010). Alif Baa: Introduction to Arabic Letters and Sounds. Georgetown University Press. p. 132. ISBN 9781589016330.
  31. ^ "The History Of Coffee". ncausa.org. National Coffee Association of the U.S.A. October 24, 2016. from the original on August 22, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
  32. ^ S., Hattox, Ralph (2014-01-01). Coffee and Coffeehouses The Origins of a Social Beverage in the Medieval Near East. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295805498. OCLC 934667227.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ . gwnunn.com. Archived from the original on 2017-04-15. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  34. ^ . Cabin Crew Excellence. Archived from the original on 2015-08-17. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  35. ^ "Jane - Fortune Teller | Middlesex| South East| UK - Contraband Events". Contraband Events. from the original on 2018-08-20. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
  36. ^ Student, The Arabic. "Arab Cup Reading تبصير بالفنجان". Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  37. ^ IMEU. "Palestinian Social Customs and Traditions | IMEU". imeu.org. from the original on 2017-04-15. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  38. ^ Cherney, Kristeen. "Arabic Coffee Nutrition Information". LIVESTRONG.COM. from the original on 2017-04-15. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  39. ^ Tulsani, Manoj (2013-05-29). "5 Interesting Facts About Arabic Coffee". Travel Tips and Experience - Rayna Tours and Travels. from the original on 2017-05-02. Retrieved 2017-04-14.

Further reading edit

  • Basan, Ghillie (2007). Middle Eastern Kitchen. Hippocrene Books. p. 37. ISBN 978-0781811903.
  • Young, Daniel (2009). Coffee Love: 50 Ways to Drink Your Java. John Wiley & Sons. p. 44. ISBN 978-0470289372.

arabic, coffee, this, article, about, methods, preparation, drink, species, coffee, plant, coffea, arabica, version, brewed, coffee, coffea, arabica, beans, most, arab, countries, throughout, middle, east, have, developed, distinct, methods, brewing, preparing. This article is about methods of preparation of a drink For the species of coffee plant see Coffea arabica Arabic coffee is a version of the brewed coffee of Coffea arabica beans Most Arab countries throughout the Middle East have developed distinct methods for brewing and preparing coffee Cardamom 1 is an often added spice 2 but it can alternatively be served plain or with sugar Arabic coffeeA dallah is a traditional Arabic coffee pot with cups and coffee beans Alternative namesQahwah arabiyyaTypeCoffea arabicaCourseDrinkPlace of originMokhaRegion or stateYemenAssociated cuisineArab cuisineInvented15th centuryServing temperatureHot Media Arabic coffeeThere are several different styles to brewing the coffee depending on the preference of the drinker Some methods keep the coffee light whereas others can make it dark Arabic coffee is bitter and typically no sugar is added It is usually served in a small cup that is adorned with a decorative pattern known as a finjan Culturally Arabic coffee is served during family gatherings or when receiving guests Arabic coffee is ingrained within Middle Eastern and Arab culture and tradition and is the most popular form of coffee brewed in the Middle East It originated in the Middle East beginning in Yemen 3 and eventually travelling to Mecca Hejaz Egypt the Levant and then in the mid 16th century to Turkey and from there to Europe 4 where coffee eventually became popular as well 5 Arabic coffee is an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Arab states confirmed by UNESCO 6 Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Preparation 3 1 Arabian Peninsula 3 2 Levant 3 3 Morocco 4 Cultivation 5 Coffeehouse 6 Served 7 Customs 7 1 Fortune telling 7 2 Funeral 8 Nutrition facts 9 See also 10 References 11 Further readingEtymology edit nbsp Arab woman coffee bearer in Cairo Egypt by John Frederick Lewis 1857The word coffee entered the English language in 1582 via the Dutch koffie 7 borrowed from the Ottoman Turkish kahve in turn borrowed from the Arabic ق ه و ة qahwa coffee a brew 8 The word qahwah may have originally referred to the drink s reputation as an appetite suppressant from the word qahiya Arabic ق ه ي romanized qahiya lit to lack hunger 9 10 The name qahwah is not used for the berry or plant the products of the region which are known in Arabic as bunn Semitic had a root qhh dark color which became a natural designation for the beverage According to this analysis the feminine form qahwah also meaning dark in color dull ing dry sour also had the meaning of wine which was also often dark in color 11 History editThe earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking appears in the middle of the 15th century but believed to be much earlier from Yemen as Coffee was in use in Yemen s Sufi monasteries 5 Sufis used it to keep themselves alert during their nighttime devotions A translation of Al Jaziri s manuscript 12 traces the spread of coffee from Arabia Felix the present day Yemen northward to Mecca and Medina and then to the larger cities of Cairo Damascus Baghdad and Constantinople In 1511 it was forbidden for its stimulating effect by conservative orthodox imams at a theological court in Mecca 13 However these bans were to be overturned in 1524 by an order of the Ottoman Turkish Sultan Suleiman I with Grand Mufti Mehmet Ebussuud el Imadi issuing a fatwa allowing the consumption of coffee 14 In Cairo Egypt a similar ban was instituted in 1532 and the coffeehouses and warehouses containing coffee beans were sacked 15 Preparation edit nbsp DallahsArabic coffee is made from coffee beans roasted very lightly or heavily from 165 to 210 C 329 to 410 F and cardamom and is a traditional beverage in Arab culture 16 Traditionally it is roasted on the premises at home or for special occasions ground brewed and served in front of guests 17 It is often served with dates dried fruit candied fruit or nuts 18 Arabic coffee is defined by the method of preparation and flavors rather than the type of roast beans Arabic coffee is boiled coffee that is not filtered made black Sugar is not typically added but if so it can be added during preparation or when serving It is served in a small delicate cup without handles called finjan Sometimes the coffee is moved to a larger and more beautiful pour pitcher to serve in front of the guests called Dallah Often though the host prepares coffee in the kitchen and highlights a tray of small cups of coffee 19 Unlike Turkish coffee traditional Arabic coffee with its roots in Bedouin tradition is usually unsweetened qahwah saada To make up for the bitter flavor coffee is usually served with something sweet dates are a traditional accompaniment and other desserts are often served along with a tray of coffee cups 18 nbsp Kanaka also called rikwah or jezwah at Souq Waqif in Doha QatarArabian Peninsula edit Light roasting is the common method in Saudi Arabia especially in the Najd and Hejaz regions which gives the coffee its golden blonde color Spices like saffron cardamom cloves and cinnamon are added depending on the maker with cardamom being the most essential one of the most commonly used coffee beans are Harari coffee beans Bunn Harari Arabic ب ن ه ر ر ي which comes from the Harari Region in Ethiopia While the Arabic coffee in Najd and Hejaz takes a golden color in North Arabia a type of Arabic coffee known as qahwah shamalia 20 21 literally means Northern Coffee it looks darker in color because roasting the coffee beans takes a bit longer Northern coffee is also known as Bedouin coffee in Jordan Some people add a little evaporated milk to slightly alter its color however this is rare It is prepared in and served from a special coffee pot called albendazole dallah Arabic دلة 22 more commonly used is the coffee pot called cezve also called rikwah or kanaka and the coffee cups are small with no handle called finjan Arabic ف ن ج ان 23 The portions are small covering just the bottom of the cup It is served in homes and in good restaurants by specially clad waiters called gahwaji and it is almost always accompanied with dates It is always offered with the compliments of the house nbsp The different types of Arabic coffee with the Hejazi Najdi golden coffee seen on the left and the Levantine black qahwah sadah plain coffee on the rightLevant edit The hot beverage that Arabs consume is coffee served in the morning and throughout the day The coffee of choice is usually Arabic coffee Arabic coffee is similar to Turkish coffee but the former is spiced with cardamom and is usually unsweetened 24 Among Bedouins and most other Arabs throughout the region of Palestine bitter coffee known as qahwah sadah Lit plain coffee was a symbol of hospitality Pouring the drink was ceremonial it would involve the host or his eldest son moving clockwise among guests who were judged by age and status pouring coffee into tiny cups from a brass pot It was considered polite for guests to accept only three cups of coffee and then end their last cup by saying daymen meaning always but intending to mean may you always have the means to serve coffee 25 nbsp Arab Bedouin from a beehive village in Aleppo Syria sipping the traditional murra bitter coffee 1930In Lebanon the coffee is prepared in a long handled coffee pot called a rakwe The coffee is then poured directly from the rakwe into a small cup that is usually adorned with a decorative pattern known as a finjan 26 The finjan has a capacity of 60 90 ml 2 3 oz fl Lebanese coffee is traditionally strong and black and is similar to the coffee of other Middle Eastern countries However it differs in its beans and roast the blonde and dark beans are mixed together and it is ground into a very fine powder 27 It is often joked that a Lebanese person who does not drink coffee is in danger of losing their nationality 26 28 Arabic coffee is much more than just a drink in Jordan it is a traditional sign of respect and a way to bring people together Black cardamom flavored Arabic coffee also known as qahwah sadah welcome coffee deeply ingrained in Jordanian culture Providing coffee and tea to guests is a large part of the intimate hospitality of the Hashemite Kingdom Morocco edit While the national drink of Morocco is gunpowder green tea brewed with fresh mint and espresso is very popular Arabic coffee is also widely consumed especially on formal occasions It is often made with the purpose of conducting a business deal and welcoming someone into one s home for the first time and frequently served at weddings and on important occasions Cultivation edit nbsp A maqhah in Ottoman Jerusalem in 1858Much of the popularization of coffee is due to its cultivation in the Arab world beginning in what is now Yemen by Sufi monks in the 15th century 29 Through thousands of Arabs pilgrimaging to Mecca the enjoyment and harvesting of coffee or the wine of Araby spread to other Arab countries e g Egypt Syria and eventually to a majority of the world through the 16th century Coffee in addition to being essential in the home became a major part of social life 30 Coffeehouses qahwa ق هوة in Modern Standard Arabic became Schools of the Wise as they developed into places of intellectual discussion in addition to centers of relaxation and comradery 31 Coffeehouse edit nbsp Coffeehouse in Cairo c 18thCoffeehouse culture began in the Arab world and eventually spread to other areas of the world and blended with the local culture 32 Traditional Arab coffeehouses are places where mostly men meet to socialize over games coffee and water pipes shisha or argille Depending on where the coffeehouse is its specialty differs In Maghreb green tea is served with mint or coffee is served Arab and or European style Arabic coffee or Turkish coffee is made in Egypt and the Levant countries Arabic coffee is a very small amount of dark coffee boiled in a pot and presented in a demitasse cup Particularly in Egypt coffee is served mazbuuta which means the amount of sugar will be just right about one teaspoon per cup However in the Arabian Peninsula Arabic coffee is roasted in such a way that the coffee is almost clear In all of the Arab world it is traditional for the host to refill the guest s cup until politely signaled that the guest is finished 30 Served edit source source source source source source An Arab man pours the traditional cup of Arabic coffee in Levant Arabic coffee is usually served just a few centiliters at a time 16 The guest drinks it and if he wishes he will gesture to the waiter not to pour any more Otherwise the host waiter will continue to serve another few centilitres at a time until the guest indicates he has had enough The most common practice is to drink only one cup since serving coffee serves as a ceremonial act of kindness and hospitality Sometimes people also drink larger volumes during conversations 33 Customs editThe cups are normally only filled partway and the custom is to drink three cups 34 Arabic coffee has a prominent place in traditional Arab holidays and special events such as Ramadan and Eid Fortune telling edit Arabic coffee reading Arabic قراءة الفنجان romanized qiraʾat al finjan is similar to tea leaf reading the client is asked to consume strong fresh Arabic coffee leaving approximately a teaspoon of liquid in the cup The cup is then inverted onto a saucer to allowing the residual liquid to drain away and dry up The reader will then interpret the patterns formed by the thick residue on the inside of the cup looking for symbols and letters 35 36 Funeral edit Arabic funerals gather families and extended relatives who drink bitter and unsweetened coffee and recount the life and characteristics of the deceased The men and women gather separately and it has become very fashionable to employ very presentable women whose only job is to serve coffee all day to the women Male waiters serve the men Arab Muslims and Christians share this tradition 37 Nutrition facts editA small cup of Arabic coffee has almost no calories or fat It contains a small amount of protein 38 39 See also editArabic tea Arab cuisine Coffee In the Islamicate Empires Home roasting coffee Green coffee Turkish coffeePortal nbsp CoffeeReferences edit How Can You Use Cardamom Spice In Your Cooking The Spruce Eats Retrieved 2023 05 23 Ingredients Arabic Coffee Archived from the original on 2018 12 28 Retrieved 2017 10 06 Mokha Al Yemen Coffee History Al Mokha Retrieved 2023 05 23 Coffee and qahwa How a drink for Arab mystics went global BBC News 2013 04 18 Retrieved 2023 05 23 a b Weinberg Bennett Alan Bealer Bonnie K 2001 The world of caffeine Routledge pp 3 4 ISBN 978 0 415 92723 9 coffee goat ethiopia Kaldi Arabic coffee a symbol of generosity intangible heritage Culture Sector UNESCO www unesco org Archived from the original on 2017 05 10 Retrieved 2017 04 04 OED s v Coffee Oxford English Dictionary 1st ed coffee n Oxford University Press Oxford 1891 Kaye Alan 1986 The Etymology of Coffee The Dark Brew Journal of the American Oriental Society 106 3 557 558 doi 10 2307 602112 JSTOR 602112 قهي الباحث العربي in Arabic Archived from the original on November 15 2019 Retrieved September 25 2011 see also qahiya Hans Wehr s Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic Archived 2023 03 27 at the Wayback Machine page 930 Kaye Alan S 1986 The etymology of coffee The dark brew Journal of the American Oriental Society 106 3 557 558 doi 10 2307 602112 JSTOR 602112 Al Jaziri s manuscript work is of considerable interest with regards to the history of coffee in Europe as well A copy reached the French royal library where it was translated in part by Antoine Galland as De l origine et du progres du cafe resource for Arabic books www alwaraq net Archived from the original on 2019 08 06 Retrieved 2023 04 03 Schneider Irene 2001 Ebussuud In Michael Stolleis ed Juristen ein biographisches Lexikon von der Antike bis zum 20 Jahrhundert in German 2nd ed Munchen Beck p 193 ISBN 3 406 45957 9 J E Hanauer 1907 About Coffee Folk lore of the Holy Land pp 291 f All the coffee houses were closed and their keepers pelted with the sherds of their pots and cups This was in 1524 but by an order of Selim I the decrees of the learned were reversed the disturbances in Egypt quieted the drinking of coffee declared perfectly orthodox a b What makes Arabic coffee unique Your Middle East Archived from the original on 2017 04 15 Retrieved 2017 04 14 UNESCO Arabic coffee a symbol of generosity ich unesco org Retrieved 2023 05 23 a b Gulf Arabic coffee qahwa arabiyyah www dlc fi Archived from the original on 2017 05 06 Retrieved 2017 04 14 How To Make Arabic Coffee Terrace Restaurant amp Lounge 2015 03 01 Archived from the original on 2018 10 14 Retrieved 2017 04 14 Al Asfour Saud القهوة الكويتية أصالة وعراقة Alqabas Archived from the original on 2020 10 08 Retrieved 2023 04 03 Al Asfour Saud القهوجي ص ب اب القهوة في الكويت قديما Alqabas Archived from the original on 2020 10 09 Retrieved 2023 04 03 حماد محمود 2024 01 04 القهوة السعودية رمز الكرم والضيافة في المملكة لأكثر من 1000 عام موقع نرسم in Arabic Retrieved 2024 02 07 فنجان Wiktionary 2023 03 17 retrieved 2023 05 23 The rich flavors of Israel Archived 2009 04 16 at the Wayback Machine Farsakh Mai M Institute for Middle East Understanding IMEU Originally published by This Week in Palestine Archived 2017 06 26 at the Wayback Machine 2006 06 21 Accessed on 2007 12 18 A Taste of Palestine Menus and Memories Archived 2022 07 09 at the Wayback Machine 1993 Aziz Shihab Corona Publishing Co p 5 ISBN 978 0 931722 93 6 a b Food Heritage Foundation Lebanese coffee food heritage org 27 October 2014 Archived from the original on 2018 08 21 Retrieved 2018 08 20 Lebanese Coffee Coffee passion maatouk com Archived from the original on 2018 08 20 Retrieved 2018 08 20 Kevin Seun Best Appetite suppressant for Women Civitello Linda 2007 Cuisine and Culture A History of Food and People Hoboken NJ John Wiley ISBN 9780471741725 a b Brustad Kristen Al Batal Mahmoud Al Tonsi Abbas 2010 Alif Baa Introduction to Arabic Letters and Sounds Georgetown University Press p 132 ISBN 9781589016330 The History Of Coffee ncausa org National Coffee Association of the U S A October 24 2016 Archived from the original on August 22 2019 Retrieved April 3 2023 S Hattox Ralph 2014 01 01 Coffee and Coffeehouses The Origins of a Social Beverage in the Medieval Near East University of Washington Press ISBN 978 0295805498 OCLC 934667227 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Arabic Coffee Service GWNunn com gwnunn com Archived from the original on 2017 04 15 Retrieved 2017 04 14 Arabic Coffee A Welcoming Ritual Cabin Crew Excellence Archived from the original on 2015 08 17 Retrieved 2017 04 14 Jane Fortune Teller Middlesex South East UK Contraband Events Contraband Events Archived from the original on 2018 08 20 Retrieved 2023 04 03 Student The Arabic Arab Cup Reading تبصير بالفنجان Retrieved 2023 05 23 IMEU Palestinian Social Customs and Traditions IMEU imeu org Archived from the original on 2017 04 15 Retrieved 2017 04 14 Cherney Kristeen Arabic Coffee Nutrition Information LIVESTRONG COM Archived from the original on 2017 04 15 Retrieved 2017 04 14 Tulsani Manoj 2013 05 29 5 Interesting Facts About Arabic Coffee Travel Tips and Experience Rayna Tours and Travels Archived from the original on 2017 05 02 Retrieved 2017 04 14 Further reading editBasan Ghillie 2007 Middle Eastern Kitchen Hippocrene Books p 37 ISBN 978 0781811903 Young Daniel 2009 Coffee Love 50 Ways to Drink Your Java John Wiley amp Sons p 44 ISBN 978 0470289372 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arabic coffee amp oldid 1204389338, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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