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Chervil

January 01, 1970

This article is about the culinary herb. For the root vegetable, see Chaerophyllum bulbosum. For other plants sometimes referred to as chervil, see Anthriscus and Chaerophyllum.

Chervil (/ˈtʃɜːrˌvɪl/; Anthriscus cerefolium), sometimes called French parsley or garden chervil (to distinguish it from similar plants also called chervil), is a delicate annual herb related to parsley. It was formerly called myrhis due to its volatile oil with an aroma similar to the resinous substance myrrh.[3] It is commonly used to season mild-flavoured dishes and is a constituent of the French herb mixture fines herbes.

Garden chervil
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Anthriscus
Species:
A. cerefolium
Binomial name
Anthriscus cerefolium
Synonyms[2]
  • Anthriscus chaerophyllus St.-Lag.
  • Anthriscus longirostris Bertol.
  • Anthriscus sativa Besser
  • Anthriscus trachysperma Rchb. ex Nyman
  • Cerefolium sativum Besser
  • Cerefolium sylvestre Besser
  • Cerefolium trichospermum Besser
  • Chaerefolium cerefolium (L.) Schinz
  • Chaerefolium trichospermum (Schinz & Thell.) Stankov
  • Chaerophyllum cerefolium (L.) Crantz
  • Chaerophyllum nemorosum Lag. ex DC.
  • Chaerophyllum sativum Lam.
  • Myrrhodes cerefolium (L.) Kuntze
  • Scandix cerefolium L.
  • Selinum cerefolium (L.) E.H.L.Krause

Name edit

The name chervil is from Anglo-Norman, from Latin chaerephylla or choerephyllum, meaning "leaves of joy";[4] the Latin is formed, as from an Ancient Greek word χαιρέφυλλον (chairephyllon).[5][6]

Description edit

The plants grow to 40–70 cm (16–28 in), with tripinnate leaves that may be curly. The small white flowers form small umbels, 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) across. The fruit is about 1 cm long, oblong-ovoid with a slender, ridged beak.[7]

Distribution and habitat edit

 
Fresh chervil

A member of the Apiaceae, chervil is native to the Caucasus but was spread by the Romans through most of Europe, where it is now naturalised.[7] It is also grown frequently in the United States, where it sometimes escapes cultivation. Such escape can be recognized, however, as garden chervil is distinguished from all other Anthriscus species growing in North America (i.e., A. caucalis and A. sylvestris) by its having lanceolate-linear bracteoles and a fruit with a relatively long beak.[8]

Cultivation edit

Transplanting chervil can be difficult, due to the long taproot.[9] It prefers a cool and moist location; otherwise, it rapidly goes to seed (also known as bolting).[9] It is usually grown as a cool-season crop, like lettuce, and should be planted in early spring and late fall or in a winter greenhouse. Regular harvesting of leaves also helps to prevent bolting.[9] If plants bolt despite precautions, the plant can be periodically re-sown throughout the growing season, thus producing fresh plants as older plants bolt and go out of production.[10]

Chervil grows to a height of 12 to 24 inches (30 to 60 cm), and a width of 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 cm).[9]

Uses edit

Culinary edit

Chervil is used, particularly in France, to season poultry, seafood, young spring vegetables (such as carrots), soups, and sauces. More delicate than parsley, it has a faint taste of liquorice or aniseed.[11][12]

Chervil is one of the four traditional French fines herbes, along with tarragon, chives, and parsley, which are essential to French cooking.[13] Unlike the more pungent, robust herbs such as thyme and rosemary, which can take prolonged cooking, the fines herbes are added at the last minute, to salads, omelettes, and soups.[14][15]

Chemical constituents edit

Essential oil obtained via water distillation of wild Turkish Anthriscus cerefolium was analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry identifying 4 compounds: methyl chavicol (83.10%), 1-allyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene (15.15%), undecane (1.75%) and β-pinene (<0.01%).[16]

Horticulture edit

According to some, slugs are attracted to chervil and the plant is sometimes used to bait them.[17]

Health edit

 
Seed of chervil

Chervil has had various uses in folk medicine. It was claimed to be useful as a digestive aid, for lowering high blood pressure, and, infused with vinegar, for curing hiccups.[9] Besides its digestive properties, it is used as a mild stimulant.[11]

Chervil has also been implicated in "strimmer dermatitis", another name for phytophotodermatitis, due to spray from weed trimmers and similar forms of contact. Other plants in the family Apiaceae can have similar effects.[18]

References edit

  1. ^ Gen. Pl. Umbell.: 41 (1814)
  2. ^ "Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  3. ^ Farooqi, A.A.; Srinivasappa, K.N. (2012). "Chervil". Handbook of Herbs and Spices: 268–274. doi:10.1533/9780857095688.268. ISBN 9780857090409.
  4. ^ "Chervil, One of the Best & Least Appreciated Herbs". The Art of Eating. 1 October 2014.
  5. ^ Donnegan, James (3 August 2018). "O new greek and english lexicon". Cowie.
  6. ^ "ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ".
  7. ^ a b Vaughan, J.G.; Geissler, C.A. (1997). The New Oxford Book of Food Plants. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-854825-6.
  8. ^ Dickinson, Richard; Royer, France (2014). Weeds of North America (1st ed.). Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 21–33. ISBN 978-0-226-07644-7.
  9. ^ a b c d e McGee, Rose Marie Nichols; Stuckey, Maggie (2002). The Bountiful Container. Workman Publishing.
  10. ^ "How to Prevent Cool Season Crops from Bolting". GrowVeg. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  11. ^ a b Gualtiero Simonetti (1990). Stanley Schuler (ed.). Simon & Schuster's Guide to Herbs and Spices. Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN 978-0-671-73489-3.
  12. ^ "Chervil". BBC Good Food.
  13. ^ Julia Child, Mastering the Art of French Cooking vol. I p 18.
  14. ^ Peter, K. V. (Ed.). (2012). Handbook of herbs and spices (2nd ed., Vol. 2). Woodhead Publishing.
  15. ^ Biggs, Matthew; McVicar, Jekka; Flowerdew, Bob (2016). The New Vegetables, Herbs & Fruit: An Illustrated Encyclopedia (1st ed.). United States, Canada: Firefly Books Ltd. p. 235. ISBN 978-1-77085-798-8.
  16. ^ Baser, K. H.C.; Ermin, N.; Demirçakmak, B. (July 1998). "The Essential Oil of Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm. (Chervil) Growing Wild in Turkey". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 10 (4): 463–464. doi:10.1080/10412905.1998.9700944.
  17. ^ Fern Marshall Bradley; Barbara W. Ellis; Deborah L. Martin (2 February 2010). "Chervil is irresistible to slugs". The Organic Gardener's Handbook of Natural Pest and Disease. Harmony/Rodale. p. 363. ISBN 9781605291796.
  18. ^ McGovern, Thomas W; Barkley, Theodore M (1998). "Botanical Dermatology". The Electronic Textbook of Dermatology. 37 (5). Internet Dermatology Society. Section Phytophotodermatitis. doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.1998.00385.x. PMID 9620476. S2CID 221810453. Retrieved 23 October 2018.

Further reading edit

  • Howard, Michael (1987). Traditional Folk Remedies. Century. p. 118.
  • Philosoph-Hadas, S.; Jacob, D.; Meir, S.; Aharoni, N. (June 1993). "Mode of action of CO2 in delaying senescence of chervil leaves". Acta Horticulturae (343): 117–122. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.343.27.
  • El Gendy, A.G.; El Gohary, A.E.; Omer, E.A.; Hendawy, S.F.; Hussein, M.S.; Petrova, V.; Stancheva, I. (July 2015). "Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on herbage and oil yield of chervil plant (Anthriscus cerefolium L.)". Industrial Crops and Products. 69: 167–174. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.02.023.
  • Liopa-Tsakalidi, A.; Barouchas, P. E. (2011). "Salinity, chitin and GA3 effects on seed germination of chervil ('Anthriscus cerefolium')". Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5 (8): 973.
  • Simándi, B.; Oszagyán, M.; Lemberkovics, É.; Petri, G.; Kéry, Á.; Fejes, Sz. (May 1996). "Comparison of the Volatile Composition of Chervil Oil Obtained by Hydrodistillation and Supercritical Fluid Extraction". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 8 (3): 305–306. doi:10.1080/10412905.1996.9700620.
 
Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article "Chervil".

January 01, 1970
chervil, this, article, about, culinary, herb, root, vegetable, chaerophyllum, bulbosum, other, plants, sometimes, referred, chervil, anthriscus, chaerophyllum, ɜːr, anthriscus, cerefolium, sometimes, called, french, parsley, garden, chervil, distinguish, from. This article is about the culinary herb For the root vegetable see Chaerophyllum bulbosum For other plants sometimes referred to as chervil see Anthriscus and Chaerophyllum Chervil ˈ tʃ ɜːr ˌ v ɪ l Anthriscus cerefolium sometimes called French parsley or garden chervil to distinguish it from similar plants also called chervil is a delicate annual herb related to parsley It was formerly called myrhis due to its volatile oil with an aroma similar to the resinous substance myrrh 3 It is commonly used to season mild flavoured dishes and is a constituent of the French herb mixture fines herbes Garden chervil Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Apiales Family Apiaceae Genus Anthriscus Species A cerefolium Binomial name Anthriscus cerefolium L Hoffm 1 Synonyms 2 Anthriscus chaerophyllus St Lag Anthriscus longirostris Bertol Anthriscus sativa Besser Anthriscus trachysperma Rchb ex Nyman Cerefolium sativum Besser Cerefolium sylvestre Besser Cerefolium trichospermum Besser Chaerefolium cerefolium L Schinz Chaerefolium trichospermum Schinz amp Thell Stankov Chaerophyllum cerefolium L Crantz Chaerophyllum nemorosum Lag ex DC Chaerophyllum sativum Lam Myrrhodes cerefolium L Kuntze Scandix cerefolium L Selinum cerefolium L E H L Krause Contents 1 Name 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Cultivation 5 Uses 5 1 Culinary 5 2 Chemical constituents 5 3 Horticulture 5 4 Health 6 References 7 Further readingName editThe name chervil is from Anglo Norman from Latin chaerephylla or choerephyllum meaning leaves of joy 4 the Latin is formed as from an Ancient Greek word xairefyllon chairephyllon 5 6 Description editThe plants grow to 40 70 cm 16 28 in with tripinnate leaves that may be curly The small white flowers form small umbels 2 5 5 cm 1 2 in across The fruit is about 1 cm long oblong ovoid with a slender ridged beak 7 Distribution and habitat edit nbsp Fresh chervil A member of the Apiaceae chervil is native to the Caucasus but was spread by the Romans through most of Europe where it is now naturalised 7 It is also grown frequently in the United States where it sometimes escapes cultivation Such escape can be recognized however as garden chervil is distinguished from all other Anthriscus species growing in North America i e A caucalis and A sylvestris by its having lanceolate linear bracteoles and a fruit with a relatively long beak 8 Cultivation editTransplanting chervil can be difficult due to the long taproot 9 It prefers a cool and moist location otherwise it rapidly goes to seed also known as bolting 9 It is usually grown as a cool season crop like lettuce and should be planted in early spring and late fall or in a winter greenhouse Regular harvesting of leaves also helps to prevent bolting 9 If plants bolt despite precautions the plant can be periodically re sown throughout the growing season thus producing fresh plants as older plants bolt and go out of production 10 Chervil grows to a height of 12 to 24 inches 30 to 60 cm and a width of 6 to 12 inches 15 to 30 cm 9 Uses editCulinary edit Chervil is used particularly in France to season poultry seafood young spring vegetables such as carrots soups and sauces More delicate than parsley it has a faint taste of liquorice or aniseed 11 12 Chervil is one of the four traditional French fines herbes along with tarragon chives and parsley which are essential to French cooking 13 Unlike the more pungent robust herbs such as thyme and rosemary which can take prolonged cooking the fines herbes are added at the last minute to salads omelettes and soups 14 15 Chemical constituents edit Essential oil obtained via water distillation of wild Turkish Anthriscus cerefolium was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry identifying 4 compounds methyl chavicol 83 10 1 allyl 2 4 dimethoxybenzene 15 15 undecane 1 75 and b pinene lt 0 01 16 Horticulture edit According to some slugs are attracted to chervil and the plant is sometimes used to bait them 17 Health edit nbsp Seed of chervil Chervil has had various uses in folk medicine It was claimed to be useful as a digestive aid for lowering high blood pressure and infused with vinegar for curing hiccups 9 Besides its digestive properties it is used as a mild stimulant 11 Chervil has also been implicated in strimmer dermatitis another name for phytophotodermatitis due to spray from weed trimmers and similar forms of contact Other plants in the family Apiaceae can have similar effects 18 References edit Gen Pl Umbell 41 1814 Anthriscus cerefolium L Hoffm Plants of the World Online Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew 2017 Retrieved 12 July 2020 Farooqi A A Srinivasappa K N 2012 Chervil Handbook of Herbs and Spices 268 274 doi 10 1533 9780857095688 268 ISBN 9780857090409 Chervil One of the Best amp Least Appreciated Herbs The Art of Eating 1 October 2014 Donnegan James 3 August 2018 O new greek and english lexicon Cowie LOGEION a b Vaughan J G Geissler C A 1997 The New Oxford Book of Food Plants Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 854825 6 Dickinson Richard Royer France 2014 Weeds of North America 1st ed Chicago and London The University of Chicago Press pp 21 33 ISBN 978 0 226 07644 7 a b c d e McGee Rose Marie Nichols Stuckey Maggie 2002 The Bountiful Container Workman Publishing How to Prevent Cool Season Crops from Bolting GrowVeg Retrieved 14 October 2022 a b Gualtiero Simonetti 1990 Stanley Schuler ed Simon amp Schuster s Guide to Herbs and Spices Simon amp Schuster Inc ISBN 978 0 671 73489 3 Chervil BBC Good Food Julia Child Mastering the Art of French Cooking vol I p 18 Peter K V Ed 2012 Handbook of herbs and spices 2nd ed Vol 2 Woodhead Publishing Biggs Matthew McVicar Jekka Flowerdew Bob 2016 The New Vegetables Herbs amp Fruit An Illustrated Encyclopedia 1st ed United States Canada Firefly Books Ltd p 235 ISBN 978 1 77085 798 8 Baser K H C Ermin N Demircakmak B July 1998 The Essential Oil of Anthriscus cerefolium L Hoffm Chervil Growing Wild in Turkey Journal of Essential Oil Research 10 4 463 464 doi 10 1080 10412905 1998 9700944 Fern Marshall Bradley Barbara W Ellis Deborah L Martin 2 February 2010 Chervil is irresistible to slugs The Organic Gardener s Handbook of Natural Pest and Disease Harmony Rodale p 363 ISBN 9781605291796 McGovern Thomas W Barkley Theodore M 1998 Botanical Dermatology The Electronic Textbook of Dermatology 37 5 Internet Dermatology Society Section Phytophotodermatitis doi 10 1046 j 1365 4362 1998 00385 x PMID 9620476 S2CID 221810453 Retrieved 23 October 2018 Further reading editHoward Michael 1987 Traditional Folk Remedies Century p 118 Philosoph Hadas S Jacob D Meir S Aharoni N June 1993 Mode of action of CO2 in delaying senescence of chervil leaves Acta Horticulturae 343 117 122 doi 10 17660 ActaHortic 1993 343 27 El Gendy A G El Gohary A E Omer E A Hendawy S F Hussein M S Petrova V Stancheva I July 2015 Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on herbage and oil yield of chervil plant Anthriscus cerefolium L Industrial Crops and Products 69 167 174 doi 10 1016 j indcrop 2015 02 023 Liopa Tsakalidi A Barouchas P E 2011 Salinity chitin and GA3 effects on seed germination of chervil Anthriscus cerefolium Australian Journal of Crop Science 5 8 973 Simandi B Oszagyan M Lemberkovics E Petri G Kery A Fejes Sz May 1996 Comparison of the Volatile Composition of Chervil Oil Obtained by Hydrodistillation and Supercritical Fluid Extraction Journal of Essential Oil Research 8 3 305 306 doi 10 1080 10412905 1996 9700620 nbsp Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article Chervil Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chervil amp oldid 1222656925, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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