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Amrita Sher-Gil

October 20, 2023

Amrita Sher-Gil (30 January 1913 – 5 December 1941) was a Hungarian-Indian painter. She has been called "one of the greatest avant-garde women artists of the early 20th century" and a pioneer in modern Indian art. Drawn to painting from an early age, Sher-Gil started formal lessons at the age of eight. She first gained recognition at the age of 19, for her oil painting Young Girls (1932) (shown below). Sher-Gil depicted everyday life of the people in her paintings.

Amrita Sher-Gil
Sher-Gil in 1936
Born(1913-01-30)30 January 1913
Budapest, Hungary
Died5 December 1941(1941-12-05) (aged 28)
Lahore, Punjab, British India
Nationality
Education
Known forPainting
Spouse
Viktor Egan
​
(m. 1938)​

Sher-Gil traveled throughout her life to various countries including Turkey, France, and India, deriving heavily from precolonial Indian art styles as well as contemporary culture. Sher-Gil is considered an important painter of 20th-century India, whose legacy stands on a level with that of the pioneers from the Bengal Renaissance. She was also an avid reader and a pianist. Sher-Gil's paintings are among the most expensive by Indian women painters today, although few acknowledged her work when she was alive.

Early life and education Edit

 
Amrita with her sister Indira, 1922

Amrita Sher-Gil was born on 30 January 1913[1] in Budapest in the Kingdom of Hungary,[2] to Umrao Singh Sher-Gil Majithia, an Indian Jat Sikh aristocrat from the Majithia family and a scholar in Sanskrit and Persian, and Marie Antoinette Gottesmann, a Hungarian-Jewish opera singer who came from an affluent bourgeois family.[3][4] Her parents first met in 1912, while Marie Antoinette was visiting Lahore.[3] Her mother came to India as a companion of Princess Bamba Sutherland, the granddaughter of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.[5][6] Sher-Gil was the elder of two daughters; her younger sister was Indira Sundaram (née Sher-Gil; born in March 1914), mother of the contemporary artist Vivan Sundaram. She spent most of her early childhood in Budapest.[3] She was the niece of Indologist Ervin Baktay. Baktay noticed Sher-Gil's artistic talents during his visit to Shimla in 1926 and was an advocate of Sher-Gil pursuing art.[4] He guided her by critiquing her work and gave her an academic foundation to grow on. When she was a young girl she would paint the servants in her house, and get them to model for her.[7] The memories of these models would eventually lead to her return to India.[8]

Her family faced financial problems in Hungary. In 1921, her family moved to Summer Hill, Shimla, India, and Sher-Gil soon began learning piano and violin.[7] By age nine she, along with her younger sister Indira, was giving concerts and acting in plays at Shimla's Gaiety Theatre at Mall Road, Shimla.[9] Though she had already been painting since the age of five, she started studying painting formally at age eight.[9] Sher-Gil received formal lessons in art from Major Whitmarsh, who was later replaced by Beven Pateman. In Shimla, Sher-Gil lived a relatively privileged lifestyle.[3] As a child, she was expelled from her Catholic school Convent of Jesus and Mary for declaring herself an atheist.[3][10]

In 1923, Marie came to know an Italian sculptor, who was living in Shimla at the time. In 1924, when he returned to Italy, she too moved there, along with Amrita, and got her enrolled at Santa Annunziata, an art school in Florence. Though Amrita did not stay at this school for long and returned to India in 1924, it was here that she was exposed to works of Italian masters.[11]

At sixteen, Sher-Gil sailed to Europe with her mother to train as a painter in Paris, first at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière under Pierre Vaillent and Lucien Simon (where she met Boris Taslitzky) and later at the École des Beaux-Arts (1930–1934).[12][13] She drew inspiration from European painters such as Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin and Amedeo Modigliani,[14] while working under the influence of her teacher Lucien Simon and through the company of artist friends and lovers like Taslitzky. While in Paris, she is said to have painted with a conviction and maturity rarely seen in a 16-year old.[4]

In 1931, Sher-Gil was briefly engaged to Yusuf Ali Khan, but rumours spread that she was also having an affair with her first cousin and later husband Viktor Egan.[15] Her letters reveal same-sex affairs.[16]

Career Edit

1932–1936: Early career, European and Western styles Edit

 
Young Girls, 1932, oil on canvas, 133×164 cm, National Gallery of Modern Art, Delhi

Sher-Gil's early paintings display a significant influence of the Western modes of painting, more specifically, the Post-impressionism style. She practiced a lot in the Bohemian circles of Paris in the early 1930s. Her 1932 oil painting, Young Girls, came as a breakthrough for her; the work won her accolades, including a gold medal and election as an Associate of the Grand Salon in Paris in 1933. She was the youngest ever member,[17][18][19] and the only Asian to have received this recognition.[11] Her work during this time include a number of self-portraits, as well as life in Paris, nude studies, still life studies, and portraits of friends and fellow students.[20] The National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi describes the self-portraits she made while in Paris as "[capturing] the artist in her many moods – somber, pensive, and joyous – while revealing a narcissistic streak in her personality."[20]

 
Sleep, 1932, oil on canvas 112.5 × 79 cm, National Gallery of Modern Art, Delhi

When she was in Paris, one of her professors said that judging by the richness of her colouring Sher-Gil was not in her element in the west, and that her artistic personality would find its true atmosphere in the east.[21] In 1933, Sher-Gil "began to be haunted by an intense longing to return to India feeling in some strange way that there lay her destiny as a painter." Sher-Gil returned to India at the end of 1934.[22][21] In May 1935, Sher-Gil met the English journalist Malcolm Muggeridge, then working as assistant editor and leader writer for The Calcutta Statesman.[23] Both Muggeridge and Sher-Gil stayed at the family home at Summer Hill, Shimla and a short intense affair took place during which she painted a casual portrait of her new lover, the painting now with the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi. By September 1935 Amrita saw Muggeridge off as he traveled back to England for new employment.[24] She left herself for travel in 1936 at the behest of art collector and critic Karl Khandalavala, who encouraged her to pursue her passion for discovering her Indian roots.[14] In India, she began a quest for the rediscovery of the traditions of Indian art which was to continue till her death. She was greatly impressed and influenced by the Mughal and Pahari schools of painting and the cave paintings at Ajanta.

 
South Indian Villagers Going to Market, 1937.

1937–1941: Later career, influence of Indian art Edit

Later in 1937, she toured South India[14] and produced her South Indian trilogy of paintings Bride's Toilet, Brahmacharis, and South Indian Villagers Going to Market following her visit to the Ajanta Caves, when she made a conscious attempt to return to classical Indian art. These paintings reveal her passionate sense of color and empathy for her Indian subjects, who are often depicted in their poverty and despair.[25] By now the transformation in her work was complete and she had found her 'artistic mission' which was, according to her, to express the life of Indian people through her canvas.[1] While in Saraya, Sher-Gil wrote to a friend thus: "I can only paint in India. Europe belongs to Picasso, Matisse, Braque.... India belongs only to me".[26] Her stay in India marks the beginning of a new phase in her artistic development, one that was distinct from the European phase of the interwar years when her work showed an engagement with the works of Hungarian painters, especially the Nagybanya school of painting.[27]

Sher-Gil married her Hungarian first cousin, Dr. Viktor Egan when she was 25.[3] Egan had helped Sher-Gil obtain abortions on at least two occasions prior to their marriage.[3] She moved with him to India to stay at her paternal family's home in Saraya, Sardar nagar, Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. Thus began her second phase of painting, whose impact on Indian art rivals that of Rabindranath Tagore and Jamini Roy of the Bengal school of art. The 'Calcutta Group' of artists, which transformed the Indian art scene, was to start only in 1943, and the 'Progressive Artist's Group', with Francis Newton Souza, Ara, Bakre, Gade, M. F. Husain and S. H. Raza among its founders, lay further ahead in 1948.[28][29][30] Sher-Gil's art was strongly influenced by the paintings of the two Tagores, Rabindranath and Abanindranath who were pioneers of the Bengal School of painting. Her portraits of women resemble works by Rabindranath while the use of 'chiaroscuro' and bright colors reflect the influence of Abanindranath.[31]

During her stay at Saraya, Sher-Gil painted the Village Scene, In the Ladies' Enclosure, and Siesta, all of which portray the leisurely rhythms of life in rural India. Siesta and In the Ladies' Enclosure reflect her experimentation with the miniature school of painting while Village Scene reflects influences of the Pahari school of painting.[32] Although acclaimed by art critics Karl Khandalavala in Bombay and Charles Fabri in Lahore as the greatest painter of the century, Sher-Gil's paintings found few buyers. She travelled across India with her paintings but the Nawab Salar Jung of Hyderabad returned them and the Maharaja of Mysore chose Ravi Varma's paintings over hers.[33]

Although from a family that was closely tied to the British Raj, Sher-Gil herself was a Congress sympathiser. She was attracted to the poor, distressed and the deprived and her paintings of Indian villagers and women are a meditative reflection of their condition. She was also attracted by Gandhi's philosophy and lifestyle. Nehru was charmed by her beauty and talent and when he went to Gorakhpur in October 1940, he visited her at Saraya. Her paintings were at one stage even considered for use in the Congress propaganda for village reconstruction.[26] However, despite being friends with Nehru, Sher-Gil never drew his portrait, supposedly because the artist thought he was "too good looking."[34] Nehru attended her exhibition held in New Delhi in February 1937.[34] Sher-Gil exchanged letters with Nehru for a time, but those letters were burned by her parents when she was away getting married in Budapest.[34]

In September 1941, Egan and Sher-Gil moved to Lahore, then in undivided India and a major cultural and artistic centre. She lived and painted at 23 Ganga Ram Mansions, The Mall, Lahore where her studio was on the top floor of the townhouse she inhabited. Sher-Gil was known for her many affairs with both men and women,[22] and she also painted many of the latter. Her work Two Women is thought to be a painting of herself and her lover Marie Louise.[35] Some of her later works include Tahitian (1937), Red Brick House (1938), Hill Scene (1938), and The Bride (1940) among others. Her last work was left unfinished just prior to her death in December 1941.

In 1941, at age 28, just days before the opening of her first major solo show in Lahore, Sher-Gil became seriously ill and slipped into a coma.[22][36][37] She later died around midnight on 5 December 1941,[38] leaving behind a large volume of work. The reason for her death has never been ascertained. A failed abortion and subsequent peritonitis have been suggested as possible causes for her death.[39] Her mother accused her doctor husband Egan of having murdered her. The day after her death, Britain declared war on Hungary and Egan was interned as an enemy alien. Sher-Gil was cremated on 7 December 1941 in Lahore.[33]

Artistic and cultural legacies Edit

 
Road named in Delhi after Sher-Gil

Sher-Gil's art has influenced generations of Indian artists from Sayed Haider Raza to Arpita Singh and her depiction of the plight of women has made her art a beacon for women at large both in India and abroad.[40] The Government of India has declared her works as National Art Treasures,[28][7] and most of them are housed in the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi.[41][20] Some of her paintings also hang at the Lahore Museum.[42] A postage stamp depicting her painting Hill Women was released in 1978 by India Post, and the Amrita Shergil Marg is a road in Lutyens' Delhi named after her. Sher-Gil was able to prove to western societies that Indians were able to make fine art. Her work is deemed to be so important to Indian culture that when it is sold in India, the Indian government has stipulated that the art must stay in the country – fewer than ten of her works have been sold globally.[15] In 2006, her painting Village Scene sold for ₹6.9 crores at an auction in New Delhi which was at the time the highest amount ever paid for a painting in India.[32]

The Indian cultural center in Budapest is named the Amrita Sher-Gil Cultural Center.[36] Contemporary artists in India have recreated and reinterpreted her works.[43]

Amrita Sher-Gil (1969) is a documentary film about the artist, directed by Bhagwan Das Garga and produced by the Government of India's Films Division. It won the National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film.[44]

Besides remaining an inspiration to many a contemporary Indian artists, in 1993, she also became the inspiration behind the Urdu play Tumhari Amrita.[45][7]

UNESCO announced 2013, the 100th anniversary of Sher-Gil's birth, to be the international year of Amrita Sher-Gil.[46]

Sher-Gil's work is a key theme in the contemporary Indian novel Faking It by Amrita Chowdhury.[47]

Aurora Zogoiby, a character in Salman Rushdie's 1995 novel The Moor's Last Sigh, was inspired by Sher-Gil.[48]

Claire Kohda refers repeatedly to Amrita Sher-Gil and to her painting the Three Girls in her 2022 novel Woman, Eating, which features a British main character of mixed Malaysian and Japanese origin. Struggling with alienation and with living between worlds as the vampire offspring of a vampire mother and human father, the protagonist, Lydia, identifies with the Three Girls and speculates that they were vampires. "I'm pretty sure that all of Sher-Gil's subjects were vampires and that maybe she was one, too..."[49]

Sher-Gil was sometimes known as India's Frida Kahlo because of the "revolutionary" way she blended Western and traditional art forms.[3][28]

On 30 January 2016, Google celebrated her 103rd birthday with a Google Doodle.[50]

In 2018, The New York Times published a belated obituary for her.[51]

In 2018, at a Sotheby's auction in Mumbai, Sher-Gil's painting The Little Girl in Blue was auctioned for a record-breaking 18.69 crores. This painting is a portrait of Amrita's cousin Babit, a resident of Shimla and was painted in 1934, when the subject was 8 years old.[52]

In 2021, Sher-Gil's painting Portrait of Denyse was put up for auction by Christie's with an estimated value to be between $1.8-2.8 million. The 1932 portrait features Denyse Proutaux, a Parisian art critic, whom Sher-Gil met in 1931.[53] Proutaux was featured in other Sher-Gil paintings, including Young Girls and Denise Proutaux, which were both included in the exhibition "Amrita Shergil: The Passionate Quest" at the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi.[54]

On September 18 2023, an artwork by Amrita Sher-Gil fetched $7.4 million (Rs 61.8 crore) at a recent auction, setting a record for the highest price achieved by an Indian artist. The artwork, titled The Story Teller, was painted by Sher-Gil in 1937. SaffronArt, the auction house, organised the sale on Saturday night. This came just 10 days after modernist Syed Haider Raza's painting, Gestation, fetched ₹ 51.7 crore at Pundole auction house. In a page dedicated to the artwork, SaffronArt said the legendary artist sought to explore the realm of domestic life in The Story Teller. [55]

Gallery Edit

  •  

    Self-portrait, 1930

  •  

    Self-portrait (untitled), 1931

  •  

    Klára Szepessy, 1932

  •  

    Hungarian Gypsy Girl, 1932[a]

  •  

    Group of Three Girls, 1935

  •  

    Bride's Toilet, 1937

  •  

    Village Scene, 1938

Explanatory notes Edit

  1. ^ Originally titled Gypsy Girl.

References Edit

  1. ^ a b Great Minds 27 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The Tribune, 12 March 2000.
  2. ^ . Outlook. 20 September 2010. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "The Indian Frida Kahlo". Telegraph.co.uk. from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  4. ^ a b c "Revolution personified". Christie'ss. from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  5. ^ Kang, Kanwarjit Singh (20 September 2009). "The Princess who died unknown". The Sunday Tribune. from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
  6. ^ Singh, Khushwant (27 March 2006). . Outlook. Archived from the original on 6 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  7. ^ a b c d "Google's Doodle Honours Amrita Sher-Gil. Here Are 5 Things You Should Know about Her". The Better India. 30 January 2016. from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  8. ^ On Amrita Sher-Gil: Claiming a Radiant Legacy By Nilima Sheikh
  9. ^ a b Amrita Shergill at sikh-heritage 23 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Sikh-heritage.co.uk (30 January 1913).
  10. ^ Joshi, Shriniwas (18 January 2020). "A brilliant painter with a brazen lifestyle". The Tribune.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ^ a b Amrita Shergill Biography at 26 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Iloveindia.com (6 December 1941).
  12. ^ Archives 'Amrita Shergil' project 7 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine www.hausderkunst.de.
  13. ^ Amrita Sher-Gil profile at 15 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Indianartcircle.com.
  14. ^ a b c "Amrita Sher-Gil Exhibition at tate.org". from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  15. ^ a b Singh, Rani. "Undiscovered Amrita Sher-Gil Self-Portrait And Rare Indian Emerald Bangles Up For Auction". Forbes. from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  16. ^ (Some names have been changed to protect their identities). . Telegraph India. Archived from the original on 5 May 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  17. ^ Anand, Mulk Raj (1989). Amrita Sher-Gill. Jaipur: National Gallery of Modern Art.
  18. ^ Works in Focus 21 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Tate Modern, 2007.
  19. ^ Amrita Shergil at tate 29 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine. En.ce.cn.
  20. ^ a b c "National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi". www.ngmaindia.gov.in. from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  21. ^ a b Dalmia, Yashodhara (2014). Amrita Sher-Gil: Art & Life: A Reader. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-19-809886-7.
  22. ^ a b c The Daily Telegraph, 24 February 2007.
  23. ^ Bright-Holmes, John (1981). Like It Was: The Diaries of Malcolm Muggeridge. entry dated 18 January 1951: Collins. p. 426. ISBN 978-0-688-00784-3. Retrieved 29 August 2011.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  24. ^ Wolfe, Gregory (2003). Malcolm Muggeridge: A Biography. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. pp. 136–137. ISBN 1932236066.
  25. ^ Amrita Shergill at 29 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Indiaprofile.com (6 December 1941).
  26. ^ a b "Amrita's village". Frontline. 30 (4). February–March 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  27. ^ Daily Times, 15 December 2004 30 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Dailytimes.com.pk (15 December 2004).
  28. ^ a b c Amrita Sher-Gill at 4 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Mapsofindia.com.
  29. ^ Contemporary Art Movements in India 26 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Contemporaryart-india.com.
  30. ^ Indian artists 19 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Art.in.
  31. ^ "Art into life". HT Mint. 31 January 2013. from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  32. ^ a b "White Shadows". Outlook. 20 March 2006. from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  33. ^ a b . Outlook. 27 March 2006. Archived from the original on 6 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  34. ^ a b c "Why Amrita Sher-Gil refused to draw Nehru's portrait : Art and Culture". indiatoday.intoday.in. from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  35. ^ "Passion And Precedent". Outlook. 21 December 1998. from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  36. ^ a b . budapesttimes.hu. Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  37. ^ "Amrita Sher-Gil: This Is Me, Incarnations: India in 50 Lives – BBC Radio 4". BBC. from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  38. ^ Singh, N Iqbal (July 1975). "Amrita Sher-Gil". India International Centre Quarterly. 2 (3): 216. JSTOR 23001838.
  39. ^ Truth, Love and a Little Malice, An Autobiography by Khushwant Singh Penguin, 2003. ISBN 0-14-302957-6.
  40. ^ "Sad In Bright Clothes". Outlook. 28 January 2013. from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  41. ^ Amrita Sher-Gil at 26 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Culturalindia.net (30 January 1913).
  42. ^ Dutt, Nirupama. "When Amrita Sher-Gil vowed to seduce Khushwant Singh to take revenge on his wife". Scroll.in. from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  43. ^ "Two artists are recreating painter Amrita Sher-Gil's self portraits". Hindustan Times. 23 March 2017. from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  44. ^ Jag Mohan (1990). Documentary films and Indian Awakening. Publications Division. p. 128. ISBN 978-81-230-2363-2. from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  45. ^ The Hindu, 13 August 2006]
  46. ^ "Amrita Sher-Gil in Paris | Magyar Művészeti Akadémia". www.mma.hu. from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  47. ^ Chowdhury, Amrita V. (7 August 2012). Faking It – Amrita V Chowdhury. ISBN 9789350094051. from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  48. ^ "Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings", ed. Vivan Sundaram, Tulika Books, 2010.
  49. ^ Kohda, Claire (2022). Woman, Eating. New York: HarperVia. pp. 116, 120, 192, 228. ISBN 9780063140882.
  50. ^ "Amrita Sher-Gil's 103rd Birthday". Google. 30 January 2016. from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  51. ^ "Overlooked No More: Amrita Sher-Gil, a Pioneer of Indian Art". The New York Times. 21 June 2018. from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  52. ^ "Sotheby's Mumbai auction: Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Little Girl in Blue' fetches record bid of ₹18.69 crore". 30 November 2018. from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  53. ^ "Rediscovered: Amrita Sher-Gil's lost masterpiece". 12 March 2021. from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  54. ^ "Amrita Sher-Gil : Artworks from the collection of National Gallery of Modern Art". from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  55. ^ "Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Story Teller' Fetches Record ₹ 61.8 Crore At Auction".

Further reading Edit

  • Ananth, Deepak (2007). Amrita Sher-Gil: An Indian Artist Family of the Twentieth Century. Munich: Schirmer/Mosel. ISBN 978-3-8296-0270-9. OCLC 166903259.
  • Dalmia, Yashodhara (2013) [2006]. Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-81-8475-921-1. OCLC 973928579 – via OverDrive.
  • Doctor, Geeta (2002). Amrita Sher Gil: A Painted Life. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. ISBN 978-81-7167-688-0. OCLC 50728719.
  • Khandalavala, Karl J. (1945). Amrita Sher-Gil. Bombay: New Book Co. OCLC 2605226.
  • Gupta, Indra (2004) [2003]. India's 50 Most Illustrious Women (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Icon Publications. ISBN 978-81-88086-19-1. OCLC 858639936.
  • JRF, Dileep (22 November 2019). "अमृता शेरगिल 1913-1941" [Amrita Shergill 1913-1941] (in Hindi). History of Fine Art. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  • NGMA. "Virtual Galleries - Amrita Sher-Gil". New Delhi: National Gallery of Modern Art. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  • Sharma, Mahima (15 March 2022). "Amrita Sher Gil: A Bisexual Artist Who Even Spellbound Nehru". Simplykalaa Homepage.
  • Kapur, Geeta (2020) [2000]. When was Modernism: Essays on Contemporary Cultural Practice in India. New Delhi, India: Tulika Books. ISBN 978-81-89487-24-9. OCLC 1129791065.[page needed]
  • Nandan, Kanhaiyalal; Shergil, Amrita (1987). Amrita Shergil (in Hindi). Delhi: Parag. OCLC 59068198.
  • Rahman, Maseeh (6 October 2014). "In the shadow of death". The Arts. India Today. 39 (40): 68–69.
  • Salim, Ahmad (1987). Amrita Sher-Gil: a personal view. Karachi: Istaʹarah Publications. OCLC 21297600.
  • Śarmā, Vishwamitra (2008). "Amirita Shergil, Maestro of Modern Art (1913–1941)". Famous Indians of the 20th Century. New Delhi: Pustak Mahal. pp. 153–154. ISBN 978-81-920796-8-4. OCLC 800734508 – via Internet Archive.
  • Sen, Geeti (2002). "Chapter II: Woman Resting on a Charpoy". Feminine Fables: Imaging the Indian Woman in Painting, Photography and Cinema. Ahmedabad & Middletown, NJ: Mapin Pub. Grantha Corp. pp. 10, 14–16, 61–100, 136. ISBN 978-81-85822-88-4. OCLC 988874350 – via Internet Archive.
  • Sher-Gil, Amrita (1943). The art of Amrita Sher-Gil (ten coloured plates). Roerich Centre of Art and Culture. Allahabad: Allahabad Block Works. OCLC 699310.
  • Sher-Gil, Amrita; Appasamy, Jaya; Dhingra, Baldoon (1965). Sher-Gil. New Delhi: Lalit Kala Akademi. OCLC 837971308.
  • Sher-Gil, Amrita (2010). Sundaram, Vivan (ed.). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters and Writings. New Delhi: Tulika Books. ISBN 978-81-89487-59-1. OCLC 551378380.
  • Singh, Narayan Iqbal (1984). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Biography. New Delhi: Vikas. ISBN 978-0-7069-2474-9. OCLC 12810037.
  • Sundaram, Vivan (1972). Amrita Sher-Gil; essays. Bombay: Marg Publications; sole distributors: India Book Centre, New Delhi. OCLC 643542124.
  • Sundaram, Vivan; Sher-Gil, Umrao Singh (2001). Re-Take of Amrita : Digital Photomontages Based on Photographs by Umrao Singh Sher-Gil (1870-1954) and Photographs from the Sher-Gil Family Archive. New Delhi: Tulika. ISBN 978-81-85229-49-2. OCLC 50004509.
  • Wojtilla, Gyula; Sher-Gil, Amrita (1981). Amrita Sher-Gil and Hungary. New Delhi: Allied Publishers. OCLC 793843789.

External links Edit

  •   Media related to Amrita Sher-Gil at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Quotations related to Amrita Sher-Gil at Wikiquote

October 20, 2023
amrita, sher, january, 1913, december, 1941, hungarian, indian, painter, been, called, greatest, avant, garde, women, artists, early, 20th, century, pioneer, modern, indian, drawn, painting, from, early, sher, started, formal, lessons, eight, first, gained, re. Amrita Sher Gil 30 January 1913 5 December 1941 was a Hungarian Indian painter She has been called one of the greatest avant garde women artists of the early 20th century and a pioneer in modern Indian art Drawn to painting from an early age Sher Gil started formal lessons at the age of eight She first gained recognition at the age of 19 for her oil painting Young Girls 1932 shown below Sher Gil depicted everyday life of the people in her paintings Amrita Sher GilSher Gil in 1936Born 1913 01 30 30 January 1913Budapest HungaryDied5 December 1941 1941 12 05 aged 28 Lahore Punjab British IndiaNationalityHungarianBritish IndianEducationGrande ChaumiereEcole des Beaux Arts 1930 1934 Known forPaintingSpouseViktor Egan m 1938 wbr Sher Gil traveled throughout her life to various countries including Turkey France and India deriving heavily from precolonial Indian art styles as well as contemporary culture Sher Gil is considered an important painter of 20th century India whose legacy stands on a level with that of the pioneers from the Bengal Renaissance She was also an avid reader and a pianist Sher Gil s paintings are among the most expensive by Indian women painters today although few acknowledged her work when she was alive Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 2 1 1932 1936 Early career European and Western styles 2 2 1937 1941 Later career influence of Indian art 3 Artistic and cultural legacies 4 Gallery 5 Explanatory notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksEarly life and education Edit nbsp Amrita with her sister Indira 1922Amrita Sher Gil was born on 30 January 1913 1 in Budapest in the Kingdom of Hungary 2 to Umrao Singh Sher Gil Majithia an Indian Jat Sikh aristocrat from the Majithia family and a scholar in Sanskrit and Persian and Marie Antoinette Gottesmann a Hungarian Jewish opera singer who came from an affluent bourgeois family 3 4 Her parents first met in 1912 while Marie Antoinette was visiting Lahore 3 Her mother came to India as a companion of Princess Bamba Sutherland the granddaughter of Maharaja Ranjit Singh 5 6 Sher Gil was the elder of two daughters her younger sister was Indira Sundaram nee Sher Gil born in March 1914 mother of the contemporary artist Vivan Sundaram She spent most of her early childhood in Budapest 3 She was the niece of Indologist Ervin Baktay Baktay noticed Sher Gil s artistic talents during his visit to Shimla in 1926 and was an advocate of Sher Gil pursuing art 4 He guided her by critiquing her work and gave her an academic foundation to grow on When she was a young girl she would paint the servants in her house and get them to model for her 7 The memories of these models would eventually lead to her return to India 8 Her family faced financial problems in Hungary In 1921 her family moved to Summer Hill Shimla India and Sher Gil soon began learning piano and violin 7 By age nine she along with her younger sister Indira was giving concerts and acting in plays at Shimla s Gaiety Theatre at Mall Road Shimla 9 Though she had already been painting since the age of five she started studying painting formally at age eight 9 Sher Gil received formal lessons in art from Major Whitmarsh who was later replaced by Beven Pateman In Shimla Sher Gil lived a relatively privileged lifestyle 3 As a child she was expelled from her Catholic school Convent of Jesus and Mary for declaring herself an atheist 3 10 In 1923 Marie came to know an Italian sculptor who was living in Shimla at the time In 1924 when he returned to Italy she too moved there along with Amrita and got her enrolled at Santa Annunziata an art school in Florence Though Amrita did not stay at this school for long and returned to India in 1924 it was here that she was exposed to works of Italian masters 11 At sixteen Sher Gil sailed to Europe with her mother to train as a painter in Paris first at the Academie de la Grande Chaumiere under Pierre Vaillent and Lucien Simon where she met Boris Taslitzky and later at the Ecole des Beaux Arts 1930 1934 12 13 She drew inspiration from European painters such as Paul Cezanne Paul Gauguin and Amedeo Modigliani 14 while working under the influence of her teacher Lucien Simon and through the company of artist friends and lovers like Taslitzky While in Paris she is said to have painted with a conviction and maturity rarely seen in a 16 year old 4 In 1931 Sher Gil was briefly engaged to Yusuf Ali Khan but rumours spread that she was also having an affair with her first cousin and later husband Viktor Egan 15 Her letters reveal same sex affairs 16 Career Edit1932 1936 Early career European and Western styles Edit nbsp Young Girls 1932 oil on canvas 133 164 cm National Gallery of Modern Art DelhiSher Gil s early paintings display a significant influence of the Western modes of painting more specifically the Post impressionism style She practiced a lot in the Bohemian circles of Paris in the early 1930s Her 1932 oil painting Young Girls came as a breakthrough for her the work won her accolades including a gold medal and election as an Associate of the Grand Salon in Paris in 1933 She was the youngest ever member 17 18 19 and the only Asian to have received this recognition 11 Her work during this time include a number of self portraits as well as life in Paris nude studies still life studies and portraits of friends and fellow students 20 The National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi describes the self portraits she made while in Paris as capturing the artist in her many moods somber pensive and joyous while revealing a narcissistic streak in her personality 20 nbsp Sleep 1932 oil on canvas 112 5 79 cm National Gallery of Modern Art DelhiWhen she was in Paris one of her professors said that judging by the richness of her colouring Sher Gil was not in her element in the west and that her artistic personality would find its true atmosphere in the east 21 In 1933 Sher Gil began to be haunted by an intense longing to return to India feeling in some strange way that there lay her destiny as a painter Sher Gil returned to India at the end of 1934 22 21 In May 1935 Sher Gil met the English journalist Malcolm Muggeridge then working as assistant editor and leader writer for The Calcutta Statesman 23 Both Muggeridge and Sher Gil stayed at the family home at Summer Hill Shimla and a short intense affair took place during which she painted a casual portrait of her new lover the painting now with the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi By September 1935 Amrita saw Muggeridge off as he traveled back to England for new employment 24 She left herself for travel in 1936 at the behest of art collector and critic Karl Khandalavala who encouraged her to pursue her passion for discovering her Indian roots 14 In India she began a quest for the rediscovery of the traditions of Indian art which was to continue till her death She was greatly impressed and influenced by the Mughal and Pahari schools of painting and the cave paintings at Ajanta nbsp South Indian Villagers Going to Market 1937 1937 1941 Later career influence of Indian art Edit Later in 1937 she toured South India 14 and produced her South Indian trilogy of paintings Bride s Toilet Brahmacharis and South Indian Villagers Going to Market following her visit to the Ajanta Caves when she made a conscious attempt to return to classical Indian art These paintings reveal her passionate sense of color and empathy for her Indian subjects who are often depicted in their poverty and despair 25 By now the transformation in her work was complete and she had found her artistic mission which was according to her to express the life of Indian people through her canvas 1 While in Saraya Sher Gil wrote to a friend thus I can only paint in India Europe belongs to Picasso Matisse Braque India belongs only to me 26 Her stay in India marks the beginning of a new phase in her artistic development one that was distinct from the European phase of the interwar years when her work showed an engagement with the works of Hungarian painters especially the Nagybanya school of painting 27 Sher Gil married her Hungarian first cousin Dr Viktor Egan when she was 25 3 Egan had helped Sher Gil obtain abortions on at least two occasions prior to their marriage 3 She moved with him to India to stay at her paternal family s home in Saraya Sardar nagar Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh Thus began her second phase of painting whose impact on Indian art rivals that of Rabindranath Tagore and Jamini Roy of the Bengal school of art The Calcutta Group of artists which transformed the Indian art scene was to start only in 1943 and the Progressive Artist s Group with Francis Newton Souza Ara Bakre Gade M F Husain and S H Raza among its founders lay further ahead in 1948 28 29 30 Sher Gil s art was strongly influenced by the paintings of the two Tagores Rabindranath and Abanindranath who were pioneers of the Bengal School of painting Her portraits of women resemble works by Rabindranath while the use of chiaroscuro and bright colors reflect the influence of Abanindranath 31 During her stay at Saraya Sher Gil painted the Village Scene In the Ladies Enclosure and Siesta all of which portray the leisurely rhythms of life in rural India Siesta and In the Ladies Enclosure reflect her experimentation with the miniature school of painting while Village Scene reflects influences of the Pahari school of painting 32 Although acclaimed by art critics Karl Khandalavala in Bombay and Charles Fabri in Lahore as the greatest painter of the century Sher Gil s paintings found few buyers She travelled across India with her paintings but the Nawab Salar Jung of Hyderabad returned them and the Maharaja of Mysore chose Ravi Varma s paintings over hers 33 Although from a family that was closely tied to the British Raj Sher Gil herself was a Congress sympathiser She was attracted to the poor distressed and the deprived and her paintings of Indian villagers and women are a meditative reflection of their condition She was also attracted by Gandhi s philosophy and lifestyle Nehru was charmed by her beauty and talent and when he went to Gorakhpur in October 1940 he visited her at Saraya Her paintings were at one stage even considered for use in the Congress propaganda for village reconstruction 26 However despite being friends with Nehru Sher Gil never drew his portrait supposedly because the artist thought he was too good looking 34 Nehru attended her exhibition held in New Delhi in February 1937 34 Sher Gil exchanged letters with Nehru for a time but those letters were burned by her parents when she was away getting married in Budapest 34 In September 1941 Egan and Sher Gil moved to Lahore then in undivided India and a major cultural and artistic centre She lived and painted at 23 Ganga Ram Mansions The Mall Lahore where her studio was on the top floor of the townhouse she inhabited Sher Gil was known for her many affairs with both men and women 22 and she also painted many of the latter Her work Two Women is thought to be a painting of herself and her lover Marie Louise 35 Some of her later works include Tahitian 1937 Red Brick House 1938 Hill Scene 1938 and The Bride 1940 among others Her last work was left unfinished just prior to her death in December 1941 In 1941 at age 28 just days before the opening of her first major solo show in Lahore Sher Gil became seriously ill and slipped into a coma 22 36 37 She later died around midnight on 5 December 1941 38 leaving behind a large volume of work The reason for her death has never been ascertained A failed abortion and subsequent peritonitis have been suggested as possible causes for her death 39 Her mother accused her doctor husband Egan of having murdered her The day after her death Britain declared war on Hungary and Egan was interned as an enemy alien Sher Gil was cremated on 7 December 1941 in Lahore 33 Artistic and cultural legacies Edit nbsp Road named in Delhi after Sher GilSher Gil s art has influenced generations of Indian artists from Sayed Haider Raza to Arpita Singh and her depiction of the plight of women has made her art a beacon for women at large both in India and abroad 40 The Government of India has declared her works as National Art Treasures 28 7 and most of them are housed in the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi 41 20 Some of her paintings also hang at the Lahore Museum 42 A postage stamp depicting her painting Hill Women was released in 1978 by India Post and the Amrita Shergil Marg is a road in Lutyens Delhi named after her Sher Gil was able to prove to western societies that Indians were able to make fine art Her work is deemed to be so important to Indian culture that when it is sold in India the Indian government has stipulated that the art must stay in the country fewer than ten of her works have been sold globally 15 In 2006 her painting Village Scene sold for 6 9 crores at an auction in New Delhi which was at the time the highest amount ever paid for a painting in India 32 The Indian cultural center in Budapest is named the Amrita Sher Gil Cultural Center 36 Contemporary artists in India have recreated and reinterpreted her works 43 Amrita Sher Gil 1969 is a documentary film about the artist directed by Bhagwan Das Garga and produced by the Government of India s Films Division It won the National Film Award for Best Non Feature Film 44 Besides remaining an inspiration to many a contemporary Indian artists in 1993 she also became the inspiration behind the Urdu play Tumhari Amrita 45 7 UNESCO announced 2013 the 100th anniversary of Sher Gil s birth to be the international year of Amrita Sher Gil 46 Sher Gil s work is a key theme in the contemporary Indian novel Faking It by Amrita Chowdhury 47 Aurora Zogoiby a character in Salman Rushdie s 1995 novel The Moor s Last Sigh was inspired by Sher Gil 48 Claire Kohda refers repeatedly to Amrita Sher Gil and to her painting the Three Girls in her 2022 novel Woman Eating which features a British main character of mixed Malaysian and Japanese origin Struggling with alienation and with living between worlds as the vampire offspring of a vampire mother and human father the protagonist Lydia identifies with the Three Girls and speculates that they were vampires I m pretty sure that all of Sher Gil s subjects were vampires and that maybe she was one too 49 Sher Gil was sometimes known as India s Frida Kahlo because of the revolutionary way she blended Western and traditional art forms 3 28 On 30 January 2016 Google celebrated her 103rd birthday with a Google Doodle 50 In 2018 The New York Times published a belated obituary for her 51 In 2018 at a Sotheby s auction in Mumbai Sher Gil s painting The Little Girl in Blue was auctioned for a record breaking 18 69 crores This painting is a portrait of Amrita s cousin Babit a resident of Shimla and was painted in 1934 when the subject was 8 years old 52 In 2021 Sher Gil s painting Portrait of Denyse was put up for auction by Christie s with an estimated value to be between 1 8 2 8 million The 1932 portrait features Denyse Proutaux a Parisian art critic whom Sher Gil met in 1931 53 Proutaux was featured in other Sher Gil paintings including Young Girls and Denise Proutaux which were both included in the exhibition Amrita Shergil The Passionate Quest at the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi 54 On September 18 2023 an artwork by Amrita Sher Gil fetched 7 4 million Rs 61 8 crore at a recent auction setting a record for the highest price achieved by an Indian artist The artwork titled The Story Teller was painted by Sher Gil in 1937 SaffronArt the auction house organised the sale on Saturday night This came just 10 days after modernist Syed Haider Raza s painting Gestation fetched 51 7 crore at Pundole auction house In a page dedicated to the artwork SaffronArt said the legendary artist sought to explore the realm of domestic life in The Story Teller 55 Gallery Edit nbsp Self portrait 1930 nbsp Self portrait untitled 1931 nbsp Klara Szepessy 1932 nbsp Hungarian Gypsy Girl 1932 a nbsp Group of Three Girls 1935 nbsp Bride s Toilet 1937 nbsp Village Scene 1938Explanatory notes Edit Originally titled Gypsy Girl References Edit a b Great Minds Archived 27 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine The Tribune 12 March 2000 Budapest Diary Outlook 20 September 2010 Archived from the original on 29 May 2012 Retrieved 5 February 2013 a b c d e f g h The Indian Frida Kahlo Telegraph co uk Archived from the original on 26 March 2019 Retrieved 14 May 2017 a b c Revolution personified Christie ss Archived from the original on 7 June 2021 Retrieved 14 May 2017 Kang Kanwarjit Singh 20 September 2009 The Princess who died unknown The Sunday Tribune Archived from the original on 5 June 2011 Retrieved 13 March 2010 Singh Khushwant 27 March 2006 Hamari Amrita Outlook Archived from the original on 6 February 2013 Retrieved 5 February 2013 a b c d Google s Doodle Honours Amrita Sher Gil Here Are 5 Things You Should Know about Her The Better India 30 January 2016 Archived from the original on 9 June 2021 Retrieved 14 May 2017 On Amrita Sher Gil Claiming a Radiant Legacy By Nilima Sheikh a b Amrita Shergill at sikh heritage Archived 23 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine Sikh heritage co uk 30 January 1913 Joshi Shriniwas 18 January 2020 A brilliant painter with a brazen lifestyle The Tribune a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link a b Amrita Shergill Biography at Archived 26 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine Iloveindia com 6 December 1941 Archives Amrita Shergil project Archived 7 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine www hausderkunst de Amrita Sher Gil profile at Archived 15 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine Indianartcircle com a b c Amrita Sher Gil Exhibition at tate org Archived from the original on 21 January 2021 Retrieved 11 December 2014 a b Singh Rani Undiscovered Amrita Sher Gil Self Portrait And Rare Indian Emerald Bangles Up For Auction Forbes Archived from the original on 17 January 2021 Retrieved 14 May 2017 Some names have been changed to protect their identities A life not so gay Telegraph India Archived from the original on 5 May 2018 Retrieved 23 June 2018 Anand Mulk Raj 1989 Amrita Sher Gill Jaipur National Gallery of Modern Art Works in Focus Archived 21 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine Tate Modern 2007 Amrita Shergil at tate Archived 29 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine En ce cn a b c National Gallery of Modern Art New Delhi www ngmaindia gov in Archived from the original on 11 July 2021 Retrieved 14 May 2017 a b Dalmia Yashodhara 2014 Amrita Sher Gil Art amp Life A Reader New Delhi Oxford University Press p 5 ISBN 978 0 19 809886 7 a b c Laid bare the free spirit of Indian art The Daily Telegraph 24 February 2007 Bright Holmes John 1981 Like It Was The Diaries of Malcolm Muggeridge entry dated 18 January 1951 Collins p 426 ISBN 978 0 688 00784 3 Retrieved 29 August 2011 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location link Wolfe Gregory 2003 Malcolm Muggeridge A Biography Intercollegiate Studies Institute pp 136 137 ISBN 1932236066 Amrita Shergill at Archived 29 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine Indiaprofile com 6 December 1941 a b Amrita s village Frontline 30 4 February March 2013 Retrieved 26 February 2013 Daily Times 15 December 2004 Archived 30 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Dailytimes com pk 15 December 2004 a b c Amrita Sher Gill at Archived 4 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Mapsofindia com Contemporary Art Movements in India Archived 26 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine Contemporaryart india com Indian artists Archived 19 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine Art in Art into life HT Mint 31 January 2013 Archived from the original on 1 December 2020 Retrieved 6 February 2013 a b White Shadows Outlook 20 March 2006 Archived from the original on 26 January 2013 Retrieved 5 February 2013 a b Hamari Amrita Outlook 27 March 2006 Archived from the original on 6 February 2013 Retrieved 5 February 2013 a b c Why Amrita Sher Gil refused to draw Nehru s portrait Art and Culture indiatoday intoday in Archived from the original on 14 September 2017 Retrieved 14 May 2017 Passion And Precedent Outlook 21 December 1998 Archived from the original on 2 February 2014 Retrieved 5 February 2013 a b Great success in a short life The Budapest Times budapesttimes hu Archived from the original on 24 January 2016 Retrieved 14 May 2017 Amrita Sher Gil This Is Me Incarnations India in 50 Lives BBC Radio 4 BBC Archived from the original on 31 December 2019 Retrieved 14 May 2017 Singh N Iqbal July 1975 Amrita Sher Gil India International Centre Quarterly 2 3 216 JSTOR 23001838 Truth Love and a Little Malice An Autobiography by Khushwant Singh Penguin 2003 ISBN 0 14 302957 6 Sad In Bright Clothes Outlook 28 January 2013 Archived from the original on 2 February 2014 Retrieved 5 February 2013 Amrita Sher Gil at Archived 26 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine Culturalindia net 30 January 1913 Dutt Nirupama When Amrita Sher Gil vowed to seduce Khushwant Singh to take revenge on his wife Scroll in Archived from the original on 5 February 2021 Retrieved 14 May 2017 Two artists are recreating painter Amrita Sher Gil s self portraits Hindustan Times 23 March 2017 Archived from the original on 26 March 2019 Retrieved 14 May 2017 Jag Mohan 1990 Documentary films and Indian Awakening Publications Division p 128 ISBN 978 81 230 2363 2 Archived from the original on 18 April 2021 Retrieved 21 February 2021 Digital encounters The Hindu 13 August 2006 Amrita Sher Gil in Paris Magyar Muveszeti Akademia www mma hu Archived from the original on 26 March 2019 Retrieved 14 May 2017 Chowdhury Amrita V 7 August 2012 Faking It Amrita V Chowdhury ISBN 9789350094051 Archived from the original on 5 December 2021 Retrieved 5 February 2013 Amrita Sher Gil A Self Portrait in Letters and Writings ed Vivan Sundaram Tulika Books 2010 Kohda Claire 2022 Woman Eating New York HarperVia pp 116 120 192 228 ISBN 9780063140882 Amrita Sher Gil s 103rd Birthday Google 30 January 2016 Archived from the original on 19 February 2021 Retrieved 1 June 2020 Overlooked No More Amrita Sher Gil a Pioneer of Indian Art The New York Times 21 June 2018 Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 Retrieved 23 June 2018 Sotheby s Mumbai auction Amrita Sher Gil s The Little Girl in Blue fetches record bid of 18 69 crore 30 November 2018 Archived from the original on 26 March 2019 Retrieved 1 February 2019 Rediscovered Amrita Sher Gil s lost masterpiece 12 March 2021 Archived from the original on 13 March 2021 Retrieved 15 April 2023 Amrita Sher Gil Artworks from the collection of National Gallery of Modern Art Archived from the original on 25 January 2023 Retrieved 15 April 2023 Amrita Sher Gil s The Story Teller Fetches Record 61 8 Crore At Auction Further reading EditAnanth Deepak 2007 Amrita Sher Gil An Indian Artist Family of the Twentieth Century Munich Schirmer Mosel ISBN 978 3 8296 0270 9 OCLC 166903259 Dalmia Yashodhara 2013 2006 Amrita Sher Gil A Life New York Penguin ISBN 978 81 8475 921 1 OCLC 973928579 via OverDrive Doctor Geeta 2002 Amrita Sher Gil A Painted Life New Delhi Rupa amp Co ISBN 978 81 7167 688 0 OCLC 50728719 Khandalavala Karl J 1945 Amrita Sher Gil Bombay New Book Co OCLC 2605226 Gupta Indra 2004 2003 India s 50 Most Illustrious Women 2nd ed New Delhi Icon Publications ISBN 978 81 88086 19 1 OCLC 858639936 JRF Dileep 22 November 2019 अम त श रग ल 1913 1941 Amrita Shergill 1913 1941 in Hindi History of Fine Art Retrieved 13 April 2022 NGMA Virtual Galleries Amrita Sher Gil New Delhi National Gallery of Modern Art Retrieved 13 April 2022 Sharma Mahima 15 March 2022 Amrita Sher Gil A Bisexual Artist Who Even Spellbound Nehru Simplykalaa Homepage Kapur Geeta 2020 2000 When was Modernism Essays on Contemporary Cultural Practice in India New Delhi India Tulika Books ISBN 978 81 89487 24 9 OCLC 1129791065 page needed Nandan Kanhaiyalal Shergil Amrita 1987 Amrita Shergil in Hindi Delhi Parag OCLC 59068198 Rahman Maseeh 6 October 2014 In the shadow of death The Arts India Today 39 40 68 69 Salim Ahmad 1987 Amrita Sher Gil a personal view Karachi Istaʹarah Publications OCLC 21297600 Sarma Vishwamitra 2008 Amirita Shergil Maestro of Modern Art 1913 1941 Famous Indians of the 20th Century New Delhi Pustak Mahal pp 153 154 ISBN 978 81 920796 8 4 OCLC 800734508 via Internet Archive Sen Geeti 2002 Chapter II Woman Resting on a Charpoy Feminine Fables Imaging the Indian Woman in Painting Photography and Cinema Ahmedabad amp Middletown NJ Mapin Pub Grantha Corp pp 10 14 16 61 100 136 ISBN 978 81 85822 88 4 OCLC 988874350 via Internet Archive Sher Gil Amrita 1943 The art of Amrita Sher Gil ten coloured plates Roerich Centre of Art and Culture Allahabad Allahabad Block Works OCLC 699310 Sher Gil Amrita Appasamy Jaya Dhingra Baldoon 1965 Sher Gil New Delhi Lalit Kala Akademi OCLC 837971308 Sher Gil Amrita 2010 Sundaram Vivan ed Amrita Sher Gil A Self Portrait in Letters and Writings New Delhi Tulika Books ISBN 978 81 89487 59 1 OCLC 551378380 Singh Narayan Iqbal 1984 Amrita Sher Gil A Biography New Delhi Vikas ISBN 978 0 7069 2474 9 OCLC 12810037 Sundaram Vivan 1972 Amrita Sher Gil essays Bombay Marg Publications sole distributors India Book Centre New Delhi OCLC 643542124 Sundaram Vivan Sher Gil Umrao Singh 2001 Re Take of Amrita Digital Photomontages Based on Photographs by Umrao Singh Sher Gil 1870 1954 and Photographs from the Sher Gil Family Archive New Delhi Tulika ISBN 978 81 85229 49 2 OCLC 50004509 Wojtilla Gyula Sher Gil Amrita 1981 Amrita Sher Gil and Hungary New Delhi Allied Publishers OCLC 793843789 External links Edit nbsp Media related to Amrita Sher Gil at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Quotations related to Amrita Sher Gil at Wikiquote Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amrita Sher Gil amp oldid 1181036898, 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