Monoammonium phosphate is soluble in water and crystallizes from it as the anhydrous salt in the tetragonal system, as elongated prisms or needles.[7] It is practically insoluble in ethanol.[2]
Solid monoammonium phosphate can be considered stable in practice for temperatures up to 200 °C, when it decomposes into gaseous ammoniaNH 3 and molten phosphoric acidH 3PO 4.[9] At 125 °C the partial pressure of ammonia is 0.05 mm Hg.[10]
A solution of stoichometric monoammonium phosphate is acidic (pH 4.7 at 0.1% concentration, 4.2 at 5%).[11]
Preparationedit
Monoammonium phosphate is industrially prepared by the exothermic reaction of phosphoric acid and ammonia in the correct proportions:[12]
NH 3 + H 3PO 4 → NH 4H 2PO 4
Crystalline MAP then precipitates.
Usesedit
Agricultureedit
The largest use of monoammonium phosphate by weight is in agriculture, as an ingredient of fertilizers. It supplies soil with the elements nitrogen and phosphorus in a form usable by plants. Its NPK label is 12-61-0 (12-27-0), meaning that it contains 12% by weight of elemental nitrogen and (nominally) 61% of phosphorus pentoxideP 2O 5, or 27% of elemental phosphorus.
Monoammonium phosphate is a widely used crystal in the field of optics due to its birefringence properties. As a result of its tetragonal crystal structure, this material has negative uniaxial optical symmetry with typical refractive indices no = 1.522 and ne = 1.478 at optical wavelengths.[7]
Electronicsedit
Monoammonium phosphate crystals are piezoelectric, a property required in some active sonartransducers (the alternative being transducers that use magnetostriction). In the 1950s ADP crystals largely replaced the quartz and Rochelle salt crystals in transducers because they are easier to work than quartz and, unlike Rochelle salt, are not deliquescent.[8]
Toysedit
Being relatively non-toxic[citation needed], MAP is also a popular substance for recreational crystal growing, being sold as toy kits mixed with dyes of various colors.
Natural occurrenceedit
The compound appears in nature as the rare mineral biphosphammite. It is formed in guano deposits.[13][14] A related compound, that is the monohydrogen counterpart, is the even more scarce phosphammite.[15][16]
Referencesedit
^ Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 4–40. ISBN0-8493-0594-2.
^ abcDejun Xu, Xing Xiong, Lin Yang, Zhiye Zhang, and Xinlong Wang (2016): "Determination of the Solubility of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate in Water-Ethanol System at Different Temperatures from 283.2 to 343.2 K". Journal of Chemincal Engineering Data, volume 61, issue 1, pages 78–82. doi:10.1021/acs.jced.5b00224
^Chemical Book: "Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate". Accessed on 2018-08-14.
^National Bureau of Standards. Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties. Technical note 270-3. 1968 [1]
^(PDF). www.mosaicco.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
^IPNI. "Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP)" (PDF). www.ipni.net. International Plant Nutrition Institute. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
^ abcAmnon Yariv, Pochi Yeh (1984). Optical Waves in Crystals. Wiley, Inc.
^ abWillem Hackmann (1984). Seek and Strike: Sonar, Anti-Submarine Warfare and the Royal Navy, 1914–1954. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN0-11-290423-8.
^G. O. Guerrant and D. E. Brown (196): "Thermal Decomposition of High-Analysis Fertilizers Based on Ammonium Phosphate". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, volume 13, issue 6, pages 493-497. doi:10.1021/jf60142a002
^John R Van Wazer (1958). Phosphorus And Its Compounds - Volume I: Chemistry. New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc. p. 503.
^Martin Bäckman, Martin Gunnarsson, Linnea Kollberg, Martin Müller, and Simon Tallvod (2016): "Production of Monoammonium Phosphate at Yara AB 18 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine". Technical Report, Lund University.
ammonium, dihydrogen, phosphate, also, known, monoammonium, phosphate, chemical, compound, with, chemical, formula, h2po4, major, ingredient, agricultural, fertilizers, some, fire, extinguishers, also, significant, uses, optics, electronics, namesiupac, name, . Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate ADP also known as monoammonium phosphate MAP 5 is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NH4 H2PO4 ADP is a major ingredient of agricultural fertilizers 6 and some fire extinguishers It also has significant uses in optics 7 and electronics 8 Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 1 NamesIUPAC name Ammonium dihydrogen phosphateOther names Monoammonium phosphateIdentifiersCAS Number 7722 76 1 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChEBI CHEBI 62982ChemSpider 22812 YECHA InfoCard 100 028 877EC Number 231 764 5E number E342 i antioxidants PubChem CID 24402UNII 09254QB17TCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID5029689InChI InChI 1S H3N H3O4P c 1 5 2 3 4 h1H3 H3 1 2 3 4 YKey LFVGISIMTYGQHF UHFFFAOYSA N YInChI 1 H3N H3O4P c 1 5 2 3 4 h1H3 H3 1 2 3 4 Key LFVGISIMTYGQHF UHFFFAOYAXSMILES O P O O O NH4 PropertiesChemical formula H 6N O 4PMolar mass 115 025 g mol 1Appearance white crystalsOdor noneDensity 1 80 g cm3Melting point 190 C 374 F 463 K Solubility in water g dL 28 10 C 36 20 C 44 30 C 56 40 C 66 50 C 81 60 C 99 70 C 118 80 C 173 100 C 2 3 Solubility insoluble in ethanol 2 insoluble in acetoneRefractive index nD 1 525StructureCrystal structure tetragonalThermochemistryStd enthalpy offormation DfH 298 1445 07 kJ mol 4 HazardsGHS labelling PictogramsSignal word WarningHazard statements H319Precautionary statements P261 P264 P271 P280 P302 P352 P304 P340 P305 P351 P338 P312 P321 P332 P313 P337 P313 P362 P403 P233 P405 P501NFPA 704 fire diamond 100Lethal dose or concentration LD LC LD50 median dose 5750 mg kg rat oral Related compoundsOther anions Ammonium phosphateDiammonium phosphateOther cations Monosodium phosphatePotassium dihydrogen phosphateExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Chemical properties 2 Preparation 3 Uses 3 1 Agriculture 3 2 Fire extinguishers 3 3 Optics 3 4 Electronics 3 5 Toys 4 Natural occurrence 5 ReferencesChemical properties editMonoammonium phosphate is soluble in water and crystallizes from it as the anhydrous salt in the tetragonal system as elongated prisms or needles 7 It is practically insoluble in ethanol 2 Solid monoammonium phosphate can be considered stable in practice for temperatures up to 200 C when it decomposes into gaseous ammonia NH3 and molten phosphoric acid H3 PO4 9 At 125 C the partial pressure of ammonia is 0 05 mm Hg 10 A solution of stoichometric monoammonium phosphate is acidic pH 4 7 at 0 1 concentration 4 2 at 5 11 Preparation editMonoammonium phosphate is industrially prepared by the exothermic reaction of phosphoric acid and ammonia in the correct proportions 12 NH3 H3 PO4 NH4 H2 PO4Crystalline MAP then precipitates Uses editAgriculture edit The largest use of monoammonium phosphate by weight is in agriculture as an ingredient of fertilizers It supplies soil with the elements nitrogen and phosphorus in a form usable by plants Its NPK label is 12 61 0 12 27 0 meaning that it contains 12 by weight of elemental nitrogen and nominally 61 of phosphorus pentoxide P2 O5 or 27 of elemental phosphorus Fire extinguishers edit The compound is also a component of the ABC powder in some dry chemical fire extinguishers Optics edit Monoammonium phosphate is a widely used crystal in the field of optics due to its birefringence properties As a result of its tetragonal crystal structure this material has negative uniaxial optical symmetry with typical refractive indices no 1 522 and ne 1 478 at optical wavelengths 7 Electronics edit Monoammonium phosphate crystals are piezoelectric a property required in some active sonar transducers the alternative being transducers that use magnetostriction In the 1950s ADP crystals largely replaced the quartz and Rochelle salt crystals in transducers because they are easier to work than quartz and unlike Rochelle salt are not deliquescent 8 Toys edit Being relatively non toxic citation needed MAP is also a popular substance for recreational crystal growing being sold as toy kits mixed with dyes of various colors Natural occurrence editThe compound appears in nature as the rare mineral biphosphammite It is formed in guano deposits 13 14 A related compound that is the monohydrogen counterpart is the even more scarce phosphammite 15 16 References edit Lide David R 1998 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 87 ed Boca Raton Florida CRC Press pp 4 40 ISBN 0 8493 0594 2 a b c Dejun Xu Xing Xiong Lin Yang Zhiye Zhang and Xinlong Wang 2016 Determination of the Solubility of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate in Water Ethanol System at Different Temperatures from 283 2 to 343 2 K Journal of Chemincal Engineering Data volume 61 issue 1 pages 78 82 doi 10 1021 acs jced 5b00224 Chemical Book Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Accessed on 2018 08 14 National Bureau of Standards Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties Technical note 270 3 1968 1 Monoammonium Phosphate MAP PDF www mosaicco com Archived from the original PDF on 17 November 2015 Retrieved 5 June 2015 IPNI Monoammonium Phosphate MAP PDF www ipni net International Plant Nutrition Institute Retrieved 21 July 2014 a b c Amnon Yariv Pochi Yeh 1984 Optical Waves in Crystals Wiley Inc a b Willem Hackmann 1984 Seek and Strike Sonar Anti Submarine Warfare and the Royal Navy 1914 1954 Her Majesty s Stationery Office ISBN 0 11 290423 8 G O Guerrant and D E Brown 196 Thermal Decomposition of High Analysis Fertilizers Based on Ammonium Phosphate Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry volume 13 issue 6 pages 493 497 doi 10 1021 jf60142a002 John R Van Wazer 1958 Phosphorus And Its Compounds Volume I Chemistry New York Interscience Publishers Inc p 503 Haifa Chemicals Ltd Mono Ammonium Phosphate 12 61 0 Product fact sheet accessed on 2018 08 13 Martin Backman Martin Gunnarsson Linnea Kollberg Martin Muller and Simon Tallvod 2016 Production of Monoammonium Phosphate at Yara AB Archived 18 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine Technical Report Lund University Biphosphammite List of Minerals 21 March 2011 Phosphammite List of Minerals 21 March 2011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate amp oldid 1181151153, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
