Amarna letter EA 19 is a tall clay tablet letter of 13 paragraphs, in relatively pristine condition, with some minor flaws on the clay, but a complete enough story that some included words can complete the story of the letter. Entitled "Love and Gold", the letter is about gold from Egypt (gold mine production), love between father-king ancestors and the current relationship between the King of Mitanni and the Pharaoh of Misri (Egypt), and marriage of women from King Tushratta of Mitanni to the Pharaoh of Egypt.
EA 19. Tushratta to Pharaoh, mid-1300s BC. Lines, obverse, 1-41 (of 85). (high res expandible photo)
Besides the Double Line Ruling, for paragraphing (7 paragraphs on obverse), an overwritten Single Line Rule is at clay tablet left margin, as well as cuneiform characters inscribed upon a vertical right margin line of Single Line Rule. (see left margin here: [1])
Letter three[1] of thirteen between Tushratta and the Pharaoh of Egypt (named Misri in the letters). (Obverse only, Paragraphs I-VII):
(Para I, 1-8)–Say to Nimmureya, Great King, the king of Egypt (Misri), [my] brother, my son-in-law, who loves me, and whom I lov[e]: Message of Tushratta, Great King, [your] father-in-law, who loves you, the king of Mitanni, your brother. For me all goes well. For you may all go well. For your household, for my sister, for the rest of your wives, for your sons, for your chariots, for your horses, for yourwarriors,for your country, and for whatever else belongs to you, may all go "very, very well"-("dan-is, dan-is").
(Para II, 9-16)–As far back as the time of your ancestors, they always showed love to my ancestors. You yourself went even further and showed very great love to my father. Now, in keeping with our constant and mutual love, you have made it ten times-(Akkadian: a-na 10šu—"for ten times") greater than the love shown my father. May the gods grant it, and may Tessup, my lord, and Aman and Tessup, my lord, and Aman makeflour[ish]for evermore, just as it is now, this mutual love of ours.
(Para III, 17-24)–When my brother sent Mane, his messenger, saying, ("um-ma")-"Send your daughter here to be my wife and the mistress of Egypt,"I caused my brother no distress andimmediatelyI said, ("um-ma")-"Of course!"The one whom my brother requested I showed to Mane, and he saw her. When he saw her, he praised her greatly. I willl[ea]dher in safety to my brother's country. May Shaushka and Aman make her the image of my brother's desire.
(Para IV, 25-29)–Keliya, my messenger,brou[ght]my brother's words to me, and when I heard (them), they were very pleasing, and I rejoiced very, very much, saying, ("um-ma")-"'Certainly' there is this between us: we love each other.-(?!)"Now, with such words let us love (each other) forevermore.
(Para V, 30-33)–When I wrote to my brother, I said, ("um-ma")-"Let us love (each other) very, very much, and between us let there be friendship."I also said to my brother, ("um-ma")-"May my brother treat me ten times better than he did my father."
(Para VI, 34-38)–I also asked my brother for much gold-(KU3-SIG17.MEŠ), saying: ("um-ma")-"May my brother grant me more than he did by father and send it to me. You sent my father much gold. You sent him large gold jars and gold jugs. You se[nt him] gold bricks as if they 'were (just) the equivalent of' copper."
(Para VII, 39-42)–When I sent Keliya to my brother, I asked for [much] gold saying, ("um-ma")-"May my brother treat me [ten times] better than he did my father, and may he send much gold that has not been worked." –EA 19, Obverse, lines 1-42, mostly complete (minor lacunae, restored)
Gold, Akkadian language hurāṣuEdit
In letter EA 19, 'gold' is referenced 21 times. It is used in connection with other gift names in the closing paragraph, P. XIII, as examples: '1 gold goblet', and '19 pieces of gold, its centerpiece being of genuine lapis lazuli set in gold.' [2] The entire list contains ten items, ending with: '10 teams of horses; 10 wooden chariots along with everything belonging to them; and 30 women (and) men.'
The first mention of 'gold', Akkadianhurāṣu,[3] occurs on the obverse, EA 9 (photo above), in paragraphs VI and VII. Unlike EA 9 (from Burna-Buriash II of Babylon) which just uses the sumerogram KUG.GI for 'gold' (sumerogram KUG.GI = hurāṣu), EA 19 uses the plural form in some of the cuneiform signs. For lines 34, 37, Para VI, and line 41, Para VII the form is KUG.GI.MEŠ. Of note KUG is used infrequently in the Amarna letters (Buccellati, 1979).[4]GI, or gi is used more commonly (probably mostly as a syllabic) in the Amarna letters (Buccellati, 143 times)[5] An example of its Amarna letter usage is a letter from Jerusalem, stating intrigues of people and surrounding cities. It is used in Jerusalem letter Amarna letter EA 289, titled A Reckoning Demanded, for the name of Tagi (Ta-gi, first usage tablet obverse, line 11).
See alsoEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amarna letter EA 19, Tushratta to Pharaoh, "Love and Gold".
Ugarit Forschungen (Neukirchen-Vluyn). UF-11 (1979) honors Claude Schaeffer, with about 100 articles in 900 pages. pp 95, ff, "Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian", ( i.e. Ugarit and Amarna (letters), three others, Mari, OB,Royal, OB,non-Royal letters). See above, in text.
Reverse, Para VIII-XIII, Para VIII, lines 43-48, (6) Para IX, lines 49-53, (5) Para X, lines 54-58, (5) Para XI, lines 59-70, (12) Para XII, lines 71-79, (9) Para XIII, lines 80-85, (6).
Obverse, Para. I-VII, Para I, lines 1-8, (8) Para II, lines 9-16, (8) Para III, lines 17-24, (8) Para IV, lines 25-29, (5) Para V, lines 30-33, (4) Para VI, lines 34-38, (5) Para VII, lines 39-42, (4)
October 15, 2023
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Amarna letter EA 19 is a tall clay tablet letter of 13 paragraphs in relatively pristine condition with some minor flaws on the clay but a complete enough story that some included words can complete the story of the letter Entitled Love and Gold the letter is about gold from Egypt gold mine production love between father king ancestors and the current relationship between the King of Mitanni and the Pharaoh of Misri Egypt and marriage of women from King Tushratta of Mitanni to the Pharaoh of Egypt EA 19 Tushratta to Pharaoh mid 1300s BC Lines obverse 1 41 of 85 high res expandible photo Besides the Double Line Ruling for paragraphing 7 paragraphs on obverse an overwritten Single Line Rule is at clay tablet left margin as well as cuneiform characters inscribed upon a vertical right margin line of Single Line Rule see left margin here 1 The Amarna letters about 300 numbered up to EA 382 are a mid 14th century BC about 1386 BC and 45 years later correspondence The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten s city Akhetaten in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh others were later found adding to the body of letters Contents 1 The letter 1 1 EA 19 Love and gold 2 Gold Akkadian language huraṣu 3 See also 4 Photo links including EA 19 4 1 Amarna letters photos 4 2 Letters 4 3 Articles 5 ReferencesThe letter EditEA 19 Love and gold Edit Letter three 1 of thirteen between Tushratta and the Pharaoh of Egypt named Misri in the letters Obverse only Paragraphs I VII Para I 1 8 Say to Nimmureya Great King the king of Egypt Misri my brother my son in law who loves me and whom I lov e Message of Tushratta Great King your father in law who loves you the king of Mitanni your brother For me all goes well For you may all go well For your household for my sister for the rest of your wives for your sons for your chariots for your horses for your warriors for your country and for whatever else belongs to you may all go very very well dan is dan is Para II 9 16 As far back as the time of your ancestors they always showed love to my ancestors You yourself went even further and showed very great love to my father Now in keeping with our constant and mutual love you have made it ten times Akkadian a na 10 su for ten times greater than the love shown my father May the gods grant it and may Tessup my lord and Aman and Tessup my lord and Aman make flour ish for evermore just as it is now this mutual love of ours Para III 17 24 When my brother sent Mane his messenger saying um ma Send your daughter here to be my wife and the mistress of Egypt I caused my brother no distress and immediately I said um ma Of course The one whom my brother requested I showed to Mane and he saw her When he saw her he praised her greatly I will l ea d her in safety to my brother s country May Shaushka and Aman make her the image of my brother s desire Para IV 25 29 Keliya my messenger brou ght my brother s words to me and when I heard them they were very pleasing and I rejoiced very very much saying um ma Certainly there is this between us we love each other Now with such words let us love each other forevermore Para V 30 33 When I wrote to my brother I said um ma Let us love each other very very much and between us let there be friendship I also said to my brother um ma May my brother treat me ten times better than he did my father Para VI 34 38 I also asked my brother for much gold KU3 SIG17 MES saying um ma May my brother grant me more than he did by father and send it to me You sent my father much gold You sent him large gold jars and gold jugs You se nt him gold bricks as if they were just the equivalent of copper Para VII 39 42 When I sent Keliya to my brother I asked for much gold saying um ma May my brother treat me ten times better than he did my father and may he send much gold that has not been worked EA 19 Obverse lines 1 42 mostly complete minor lacunae restored Gold Akkadian language huraṣu EditIn letter EA 19 gold is referenced 21 times It is used in connection with other gift names in the closing paragraph P XIII as examples 1 gold goblet and 19 pieces of gold its centerpiece being of genuine lapis lazuli set in gold 2 The entire list contains ten items ending with 10 teams of horses 10 wooden chariots along with everything belonging to them and 30 women and men The first mention of gold Akkadian huraṣu 3 occurs on the obverse EA 9 photo above in paragraphs VI and VII Unlike EA 9 from Burna Buriash II of Babylon which just uses the sumerogram KUG GI for gold sumerogram KUG GI huraṣu EA 19 uses the plural form in some of the cuneiform signs For lines 34 37 Para VI and line 41 Para VII the form is KUG GI MES Of note KUG is used infrequently in the Amarna letters Buccellati 1979 4 GI or gi is used more commonly probably mostly as a syllabic in the Amarna letters Buccellati 143 times 5 An example of its Amarna letter usage is a letter from Jerusalem stating intrigues of people and surrounding cities It is used in Jerusalem letter Amarna letter EA 289 titled A Reckoning Demanded for the name of Tagi Ta gi first usage tablet obverse line 11 See also Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amarna letter EA 19 Tushratta to Pharaoh Love and Gold Amarna letters phrases and quotations List of Amarna letters by size Amarna letter EA 5 EA 9 EA 15 EA 19 EA 26 EA 27 EA 35 EA 38 EA 153 EA 161 EA 288 EA 364 EA 365 EA 367Photo links including EA 19 EditBritish Museum image gallery for E29791 EA 19Amarna letters photos Edit King of Babylon EA 9 Obverse see KaraduniyasTushratta EA 19 Obverse Article Tushratta EA 23 Reverse with BlackHieratic Article British Museum see Shaushka EA 28 Obverse see Pirissi and TulubriAlashiya letters EA 34 Obverse See EA 34Rib Hadda letters EA 126 Obverse Article Click for larger Picture See Salhi region 1 EA 153 Obverse Article 2 EA 153 Obverse 2nd see AbimilkuAbdi Tirsi EA 228 Obverse 228 330 299 245 252 EA 330 for Sipti Ba lu Article Pic writeupBiridiya EA 245 Obverse EA 245 Reverse Article 1 Article 2 Hannathon HinnatunaLabaya EA 252 Obverse Article see LabayaOthers EA 299 High Res Obverse see Yapahu EA 369 Front Back Click on each see Milkilu Letters Edit Letter EA 147 EA 147 Obverse Article Letter EA 153 1 EA 153 Obverse Archived 2006 12 17 at the Wayback Machine Article 2 EA 153 Obverse 2nd Archived 2007 09 26 at the Wayback Machine ArticleArticles Edit Write up of Letter EA 151 concerning Zimredda of Sidon Sea peoples Abimilku letter References Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amarna letter EA 19 Tushratta to Pharaoh Love and Gold Moran 1987 1992 The Amarna Letters pp 43 46 EA 19 Love and gold Moran 1987 1992 EA 19 Love and Gold pp 43 46 p 45 Parpola 1971 The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh Glossary pp 119 145 huraṣu p 126 Buccellati 1979 Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian in UF11 Ugarit Forschungen Neukirchen Vluyn 1979 Buccellatti 1979 Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian GI UF11 p 130 Buccellati Giorgio Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian from Ugarit Forschungen 8 Neukirchen Vluyen Moran William L The Amarna Letters Johns Hopkins University Press 1987 1992 softcover ISBN 0 8018 6715 0 Parpola 1971 The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh Parpola Simo Neo Assyrian Text Corpus Project c 1997 Tablet I thru Tablet XII Index of Names Sign List and Glossary pp 119 145 165 pages Ugarit Forschungen Neukirchen Vluyn UF 11 1979 honors Claude Schaeffer with about 100 articles in 900 pages pp 95 ff Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian i e Ugarit and Amarna letters three others Mari OB Royal OB non Royal letters See above in text nbsp Reverse Para VIII XIII Para VIII lines 43 48 6 Para IX lines 49 53 5 Para X lines 54 58 5 Para XI lines 59 70 12 Para XII lines 71 79 9 Para XIII lines 80 85 6 nbsp Obverse Para I VII Para I lines 1 8 8 Para II lines 9 16 8 Para III lines 17 24 8 Para IV lines 25 29 5 Para V lines 30 33 4 Para VI lines 34 38 5 Para VII lines 39 42 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amarna letter EA 19 amp oldid 1171496799, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
![[1]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/AmarnaLetterOfMarriageNegotiation-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg){kind=link}