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Alice de Janzé

January 20, 2023

Alice de Janzé (née Silverthorne; 28 September 1899 – 30 September 1941),[1] also known as the Countess de Janzé during her first marriage and as Alice de Trafford during her second marriage, was an American heiress who spent years in Kenya as a member of the Happy Valley set of colonials. She was connected with several scandals, including the attempted murder of her lover in 1927, and the 1941 murder of the 22nd Earl of Erroll in Kenya. Her life was marked by promiscuity, drug abuse and several suicide attempts.

Alice de Janzé
Pictured in Chicago, 1919
Born
Alice Silverthorne

(1899-09-28)28 September 1899
Buffalo, New York, U.S.
Died30 September 1941(1941-09-30) (aged 42)
Gilgil, Kenya
OccupationSocialite
Spouse(s)
​
​
(m. 1921⁠–⁠1927)​

Raymond de Trafford
​
​
(m. 1932⁠–⁠1937)​
Children2

Growing up in Chicago and New York, Silverthorne was one of the most prominent American socialites of her time. A relative of the wealthy Armour family, she was a multi-millionaire heiress. She married into the French nobility in 1921 when she wed Frédéric de Janzé, comte de Janzé. In the mid-1920s, she was introduced to the Happy Valley set, a community of white expatriates in East Africa, notorious for their hedonistic lifestyle.

In 1927, she made international news when she shot her lover Raymond de Trafford in a Paris railway station and then turned the gun on herself; they both survived. Alice de Janzé stood trial and was fined a small amount, and later pardoned by the French state. She went on to marry, and later divorce, the man she shot.

In 1941, she was one of several major suspects in the murder in Kenya of her friend and former lover, Lord Erroll. After several previous suicide attempts, she died of a self-inflicted gunshot in September 1941. Her personality has been referenced both in fiction and non-fiction, most notably in the book White Mischief and its film adaptation, where she was portrayed by Sarah Miles.

Early life

 
Alice Silverthorne in Chicago, 1919.

Alice Silverthorne was born in Buffalo, Erie County, New York,[1] the only child of textile industrialist William Edward Silverthorne and his wife Julia Belle Chapin (14 August 1871 – 2 June 1907),[2] a relative to the Armour family of meatpacking success through the Armour & Company brand, at that time the largest food products company in the world. Silverthorne was a first cousin (once removed) to J. Ogden Armour and great-niece to Philip Danforth Armour and Herman Ossian Armour, the granddaughter of their sister Marietta, who left much of her estate to her mother, Julia, in 1897.[3]

William and Julia were married on 8 June 1892 in Chicago,[4][5] the city where Alice spent most of her childhood and adolescence, living with her parents in the affluent Gold Coast district.[6] Alice became a favourite of her cousin, J. Ogden Armour. Her family's great wealth prompted her childhood friends to take a cue from her surname and give her the nickname "Silver Spoon".[7]

Her mother died of complications from tuberculosis when Alice was eight years old,[8] although biographer Paul Spicer argues that her death was a result of being locked out of the house by her husband during a freezing night six months earlier.[9] Alice, who inherited a large estate from her mother, was herself an asymptomatic consumptive from birth.[8] Following her mother's death, Alice was raised by a German governess in large houses in New York; her alcoholic father[10] was frequently absent due to his professional obligations.

Contrary to her wishes, William Silverthorne quickly remarried in 1908[7] and had five children with his second wife, Louise Mattocks. Many of their children did not survive; Alice's half-siblings included William Jr. (1912–1976), Victoria Louise (died in infancy in 1914), Patricia (1915–?), Lawrence (1918–1923), and an unnamed girl who died in infancy in 1910.[11] William later divorced Mattocks and married twice more.[2]

 
Pictured at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, in September 1916.

With her father's encouragement, Alice was introduced to wild social life in her early adolescence. She was one of the more prominent socialites of Chicago, frequenting the fashionable nightclubs of the time. Her father also took her on several European tours and encouraged her image as a prominent debutante. These years of wild youth left Alice with a chronic melancholia;[8] it is possible that she suffered from cyclothymia, a strain of bipolar disorder.[12]

Her father soon lost custody of her; an uncle from her mother's side assumed the role of her legal guardian and then proceeded to place her at a boarding school in Washington, D.C.[7][10] Journalist Michael Kilian believes this was because William Silverthorne had an incestuous relationship with his adolescent daughter, in which she lost her virginity to her father,[13][14] until one of her uncles intervened and took the case to the court.[6][15] Paul Spicer disagrees that her relationship with her father was improper.[9] Regardless of the court decision, after 14-year-old Alice came to live with the Armours in New York, she then openly traveled with her father to the French Riviera, where Kilian claims William Silverthorne openly sported her as his mistress and allowed her to keep a black panther as a pet.[6] In later years, she was famous for parading the animal up and down the Promenade des Anglais in Nice.[10]

1919–1927: Marriage and the Happy Valley set

 
Members of the Happy Valley set in Kenya, 1926. From left to right: Raymond de Trafford, Frédéric de Janzé (Alice's second and first husband respectively), Alice de Janzé and The 3rd Baron Delamere.

In 1919, Alice moved back to Chicago to live with her aunts, Mrs Francis E. May (née Alice Chapin) and Mrs Josephine Chapin.[16] Two years later, Alice moved to Paris, where she briefly worked as director of the model department in Jean Patou's atelier,[17] until she met Frédéric de Janzé, a well-known French racing driver and heir to an old aristocratic family in Brittany. A participant in the 24 Hours of Le Mans and other races, Frédéric also frequented literary circles and was close friends with Marcel Proust, Maurice Barrès and Anna de Noailles.[18]

Unlike many other American heiresses of the period, Alice had not allowed her family to arrange an advantageous match for her, choosing to take the initiative and pursue a romance with Frédéric de Janzé on her own.[7] After a romance of three weeks,[19] the couple married on 21 September 1921 in Chicago,[20] with her new husband reportedly finding her 'Silverthorne' surname so charming that he regretted their marriage would take it away from her.[21]

Following the ceremony, Alice's aunt, Mrs J. Ogden Armour, turned over the Armour estate on Long Island to the couple, where they spent two weeks before deciding to permanently settle in Paris, in the Champs-Élysées quarter.[19][22] They had two daughters, Nolwén Louise Alice de Janzé (20 June 1922 – 7 March 1989) and Paola Marie Jeanne de Janzé (1 June 1924 – 24 December 2006). Alice was a neglectful mother and Frédéric was a neglectful father; the children were primarily brought up in their family's chateau de Parfondeval in Normandy[10] by governesses and Frédéric's sister.

In 1925, the couple first met and became good friends with Josslyn, 22nd Earl of Erroll, and his wife, Idina, Countess of Erroll, in Montparnasse.[23] Some time later, the young Lord and Lady Erroll invited the de Janzés to spend some time in their home in the so-called 'Happy Valley' in the British Colony of Kenya, a community of British colonials living in the Wanjohi Valley, near the Aberdare Mountains. This enclave had become notorious among socialites in the UK for being a community for those seeking a hedonistic lifestyle, including drugs, alcohol and sexual promiscuity. Noticing that Alice had become restless, Frédéric decided to distract her and agreed to the trip.[24][25]

In the Happy Valley, the de Janzés were neighbours to the Errolls. Frédéric de Janzé documented his time in Happy Valley and all the eccentric personalities he met there in his book, Vertical Land, which was published in 1928. He provided several non-eponymous references to members of the Happy Valley set, including a psychological portrait of his wife that alludes to her suicidal tendencies:

Wide eyes so calm, short slick hair, full red lips, a body to desire. The powerful hands clutch and wave along the mandolin and the crooning somnolent melody breaks; her throat trembles and her gleaming shoulders droop. That weird soul of mixtures is at the door! her cruelty and lascivious thoughts clutch the thick lips on close white teeth. She holds us with her song, and her body sways towards ours. No man will touch her exclusive soul, shadowy with memories, unstable, suicidal.[26]

Even among the scandalous residents of Happy Valley, Alice was soon known as "the wicked Madonna"[27] for her beauty, sarcastic sense of humour, and unpredictable mood swings. She was known for speaking passionately about animal rights as well as playing the ukulele,[28] and soon she began an affair with Lord Erroll, openly sharing him with Idina.[29][30]

The de Janzés later returned to Happy Valley in 1926. While Frédéric distracted himself with lion hunting, Alice began a love affair with British aristocrat Raymond Vincent de Trafford (28 January 1900 – 14 May 1971), son of Sir Humphrey de Trafford, 3rd Baronet. Alice's infatuation with de Trafford was so great that the couple attempted to elope, although they promptly returned.[31] Frédéric was aware of his wife's open infidelity but did not become preoccupied by it,[28] although years later he would refer to the love triangle with de Trafford as "the infernal triangle".[32]

That autumn, in an attempt to save his marriage, Frédéric returned to Paris with Alice; he was unsuccessful. Alice visited Frédéric's mother; revealing that she was in love with de Trafford, she asked her help in obtaining a divorce. Her mother-in-law advised her to think of her two daughters and do nothing she might later regret. Alice soon returned to Kenya and her lover.[21] Hoping to keep the extramarital affair from becoming a scandal, her mother-in-law loaned Alice a furnished flat in a quiet street in Paris to use as a "love nest" with de Trafford.[33] Under pressure from his family, Frédéric quickly sued for divorce.[34]

1927: The Gare du Nord shooting incident

 
A newspaper article reporting the shooting incident at the Gare du Nord. Pictured are de Janzé and her husband, Frédéric Comte de Janzé.

On the morning of 25 March 1927, Alice awoke in an agitated state in her Paris home, according to the later testimony of her maid.[35] That afternoon, when Alice and Raymond de Trafford met, he informed her that he would not be able to marry her as his strict Catholic family had threatened to disinherit him if he followed through with the plan.[36][37] The couple later visited a sporting equipment shop together, where Alice bought a gold-mounted, pearl-handled revolver.[21][31]

At the Gare du Nord a few hours later, as de Trafford was bidding farewell to her in his train compartment before he left for London by an express boat train, she pulled the revolver from her purse and shot him in the stomach, puncturing his lung.[31][38][39] She then shot herself in the stomach.[39] The train conductor reported that when he opened the compartment door, Alice gasped "I did it" and then collapsed.[21]

De Trafford spent several days in a hospital in critical condition. Alice is reported to have screamed "But he must live! I want him to live!"[7] when she heard the news that de Trafford was too seriously wounded to survive. Her own wound was initially overlooked by doctors during the confusion. Despite initial reports that spoke of her also being gravely injured,[40][41] her wounds were quite superficial. One journalist reported that "she had shot herself very gently".[7] Both Alice and de Trafford were transferred to the Lariboisière Hospital. Alice's relatives rushed to the hospital and attempted to have her transferred to a private clinic, but were stopped by the gendarmes because the countess was under arrest.[42]

The incident made headlines all over the world.[37][43][44][45] Some confusion was caused when five British newspapers, the Western Mail, The Manchester Guardian, The Liverpool Daily Courier, The Liverpool Evening Express and Sheffield Daily Telegraph, illustrated their reports of the shooting incident with pictures not of Alice, but of her sister-in-law Vicomtesse Phillis Meeta de Janzé. The viscountess promptly sued them for libel and received a settlement.[46]

In an attempt to minimize the situation, a statement was released to the press by Alice's family, assuring the public that there was nothing in the double shooting that "casts discredit upon the names of Armour and Silverthorne, which have been honored in America many generations, nor anything which could induce a French jury to render a verdict of conviction".[47] Her aunt Mrs George Silverthorne told a reporter: "It cannot be Alice. She and her husband were so happy together, and such a thing would be impossible. There must be some mistake."[19]

Alice claimed to feel regret about shooting de Trafford, who was said to be on the brink of death,[40] but did not offer an explanation, telling a police official who was permitted to see her: "I decided to shoot him just as the train was leaving. Why is my own secret. Don't ask me."[48] De Trafford finally regained consciousness and made a brief statement. In an effort to protect Alice, he explained: "Why, Madame attempted suicide. I tried to stop her and the weapon was accidentally discharged. A deplorable accident, surely... but yet, an accident!" before lapsing into unconsciousness again.[38] Alice's condition quickly improved and she was first able to talk with relatives on 30 March.[49][50] She officially confessed to the shootings in a signed statement on 2 April, in which she admitted to having attempted suicide numerous times in her life, declaring: "I wanted to kill myself, for I have always had ideas of suicide. From time to time, and without reason, I have wanted to die."[51]

Trial and penalty

On 5 April, Alice was officially charged with attempted murder with premeditation.[52][53] On 8 April, she made an official declaration in which she stated she originally only planned suicide when she bought the revolver, but eventually also fired at de Trafford because of anguish at parting from him.[54] In her official declaration to Judge Banquart, who was charged with investigating the case, she stated:

I met Raymond in Kenya colony, East Africa and became his mistress. It was agreed that I would obtain a divorce to marry him. But gradually he withdrew from the bargain and came to see me in Paris on March 25 to announce that his family was opposed to the match. I already had suffered from the great deception, but when he refused my imploring that he remain with me longer I immediately determined on suicide. Then we took a last luncheon together and for the moment forgot the mental anguish. Afterward he said he would accompany me to shopping and I took him to an armorer's stone, where I bought a revolver and cartridges wrapped separately. Raymond's phlegmatic English type suspected nothing in this incident, evidently thinking that I was doing an errand for my husband. [...] In the station washroom, I had an opportunity to load the weapon, which I still intended only to use on myself, then rejoined him on a compartment of the London express. It was during the anguish of the last moment's separation as we embraced that I suddenly acted on impulse. Slipping the revolver between us, I fired upon him, then upon myself.[55]

On 9 April, de Trafford returned to London by a private aeroplane, declaring to French authorities that he did not wish to take any action against Alice, although he would return to Paris if his testimony was needed.[56] Meanwhile, Alice was held in Saint Lazare, a prison for women.[57][58][59] Her cell, No. 12, had hosted several notorious female criminals in the past, including Mata Hari, Marguerite Steinheil and Henriette Caillaux.[60][61][62] After she made a formal demand for release on bail, she was temporarily freed by the police pending her recovery on 20 May.[63][64] She eventually described what happened in the train station:

... The whistle of London Express blew, and I realized that he was going away from Paris – and from me forever – I suddenly changed my mind and resolved to take him away with me into the Great Beyond. Slowly – very slowly – I loosened my grip around his neck, placed the revolver between our two bodies, and, as the train started, fired twice – into his chest and my own body.[61]

Thanks to the intervention of her aunt Francis May, Alice vanished from the public eye, hidden in a nursing home close to Paris in preparation for the impending trial. Her lawyers attempted, without success, to have the charges against her dismissed.[65] She was tried by the Paris Tribunal on 23 December 1927,[66] on the charge of assault, after her celebrated advocate, René Mettetal,[36] convinced the examining magistrate that she was mentally irresponsible at the time she shot de Trafford.[67][68] When de Trafford was asked if he wanted to press charges against the countess, he expressed surprise and annoyance at the idea, claiming that his wounding was an accident that he himself caused:[69]

As we were about to part – she was kissing me – I told her that I loved her, and again whispered to her not to take my decision as irrevocable. I even told her that we would meet again. As she was leaving me she attempted suicide. But a movement on my part caused the weapon to be deflected. I am sure that she did not intentionally fire at me. The accident was due to my imprudence.[61]

Alice's defence lawyer pleaded that the countess' chronic melancholy and tuberculosis had "deadened her intelligence".[69] He also read a letter from her childhood friend, American heiress Mary Landon Baker, in which Baker claimed that Alice suffered from extreme melancholia and that she had attempted suicide a total of four times throughout her life.[69] When asked why she took the gun with her to the railway station, Alice replied: "To kill myself. And I nearly succeeded. Didn't I shoot myself in the stomach, like poor Raymond?"[7] She also made her plea that she be acquitted so as to not disgrace the de Janzé family name.[7]

Alice received a suspended sentence of six months in prison and a fine of 100 francs (approximately four U.S. dollars) by the Paris Correctional Court,[70] who rebuked de Trafford for his failure to deliver his promise to marry her, out of fear of losing the family allowance.[38][71] Although it was criticized by some newspapers,[38] this lenient decision may have been influenced by the revelation concerning Alice's frequent suicide attempts, de Trafford's taking responsibility for her state of mind,[72] and the public's sympathetic view of her as the tragic victim of a true crime of passion. Even the prosecuting attorney insisted upon leniency and declared that "I should not like to bear de Trafford's responsibility for a broken heart and a disrupted home".[72]

Under the First Offenders Act, Alice was immediately released,[73] and on 13 April 1929 she received a full presidential pardon from Gaston Doumergue, the president of the French Republic,[74][75] so that even the fine she had been forced to pay was returned to her by the court.[21] The request for the pardon was partially made to avoid any commercial repercussions the conviction might cause.[76]

In the wake of the shooting scandal, a divorce was granted to Frédéric de Janzé, on the grounds of desertion, by the Paris Tribunal on 15 June 1927.[65][77] While no mention was made of the Gare du Nord episode, Alice was to receive no alimony and Frédéric was granted custody of their two children.[21][78]

That December, Alice shocked both the Count and the newspapers when she declared that she would remarry her husband for "the sake of the children";[79] she later retracted her statement.[7] The civil divorce was followed by an annulment of the marriage by the Vatican on 26 July 1928;[80][81] Frédéric's attorneys then warned every newspaper in England never to refer to Alice as Countess de Janzé again.[21]

Frédéric died on 24 December 1933, in Baltimore, Maryland of septicaemia.[82]

1928–1941: Second marriage, divorce and return to Kenya

Following the public ordeal, de Trafford advised Alice against returning to London for a while.[7] In early 1928, she returned to Kenya, but, in light of her public scandal, was soon ordered by Government House to leave the country as an "undesirable alien".[83] In the following weeks, until she could properly organize her departure and wanting a relatively peaceful place where she could rest after the ordeal, she stayed for a while at the house of writer Karen Blixen, a good friend of Lord Erroll.[84] She also resumed her affair with the Earl.[7][83] Months later, living in Paris and growing indignant about the rumours, she publicly refuted that she had been asked to leave Kenya.[85] It was not until years later that Alice was able to return, thanks to the intervention of both de Janzé and de Trafford, who convinced the Kenyan Government to re-admit her.[7]

Around this time, Alice resumed her love affair with de Trafford, the man she had almost killed. A rumour that the couple would soon have a quiet wedding in Paris was first circulated in May 1927,[57] then in September of that same year[86] and later in January 1928.[87] Alice's lawyer denied any such plans, and no wedding took place.[88] The rumour surfaced again in April 1930.[89] Ultimately, the couple married on 22 February 1932 in Neuilly-sur-Seine[90] and spoke of buying a house in London.[61] Alice commented on her affair with de Trafford: "We were deeply in love. It was arranged that we should marry",[91] although it has been suggested that Alice literally pursued de Trafford for three years before she finally got him to marry her.[38]

During this time Alice, who now had severe financial reversals, took over the management of a gown shop in Paris under the name of "Gloria Bocher", but soon lost both interest and money in the venture.[7][38] Her marriage also rapidly collapsed, ending only three months after the wedding[92] when the couple got into a heated argument in the compartment of an English railroad train over their honeymoon destination.

Alice confided to de Trafford that she had purchased the cottage in Happy Valley where they used to rendezvous at the start of their affair,[21] deciding that it would be perfect for their honeymoon. The idea did not appeal to her new husband; during the course of the argument, Alice absent-mindedly reached into her purse, prompting a terrified de Trafford to flee, fearing a new murder attempt. Alice later claimed she had no pistol in her purse, nor had she the intention of shooting him, but instead wanted to powder her nose.[38]

Alice officially sought a divorce in November 1932, charging Raymond, who had fled to Australia, with cruelty and desertion.[79][93] It took her two years to obtain his signature, and the divorce procedure was reported to begin in September 1934, but did not go forward.[79] Alice may have changed her mind, but she again officially filed for divorce in May 1937,[94] winning an uncontested suit and a grant of decree nisi on the grounds of adultery with an unnamed correspondent at a London hotel.[38][79][95]

Following the divorce, Alice considered permanently returning to Chicago; however friends advised her against it, pointing out how the shooting scandal had made her a "marked woman" in her native land.[7] Accepting her notoriety, Alice returned to the world of 'Happy Valley', where she permanently settled in the large farmhouse she had previously bought in Gilgil, located on the banks of the River Wanjohi.[38] She spent the following years reading and taking care of her animals, which included lions, panthers and antelopes. She became addicted to drugs, particularly morphine.[96] She was avoided by certain members of the community due to her mood swings and the shooting incident; her friend, aviator Beryl Markham, later disclosed: "Loneliness fixed Alice. Everyone was frightened of her."[97]

Alice now rarely visited her children in France. Years later, Nolwén would state that she did not feel bitterness or hostility for her mother during their brief meetings, but would actually be fascinated by this virtually unknown woman who brought with her an air of mystique, owing to her permanent stay in Africa.[98]

1941: The Lord Erroll murder

On 24 January 1941, Lord Erroll was found shot to death in his car, at an intersection outside Nairobi. Errol's serial philandering contributed to the persistent rumour that the perpetrator was a woman.[99] Police duly interrogated all of Erroll's closest acquaintances, including Alice de Janzé. Although she had an alibi because she had spent an intimate night with Dickie Pembroke, another Happy Valley resident, due to her drug habits, her romantic attachment to Errol, and her previous attempt to kill a paramour,[100] she was immediately regarded as the prime suspect among the white community of Happy Valley. It was also rumoured that she had attempted suicide on hearing the news of Erroll's death.[30]

On the morning after Erroll's body was discovered, Alice went to the morgue with a friend to see his body. According to eyewitnesses, she stunned those in attendance by leaving a tree branch on Erroll's corpse, and whispering the words: "Now you are mine forever." Eyewitness and close friend Julian Lezzard suspected that Alice was the murderer, since it fitted with her morbid preoccupations;[97] it was rumoured that Alice had admitted to the killing.[101]

In his investigative book, White Mischief, journalist James Fox mentions a suspicious incident regarding Alice de Janzé and her possible connection to the crime. A few months after the murder, Alice went away for a few days and asked a neighbour to look after her house. In her absence, one of Alice's houseboys came to the neighbour, and produced a revolver, which he claimed he had found by a bridge, under a pile of stones on Alice's land.[102]

In March 1941, British aristocrat Sir Henry John "Jock" Delves Broughton was officially charged with Lord Erroll's murder.[103] Delves Broughton had been aware of a passionate love affair between his young wife, Diana, and Erroll, in the months before his murder.[104][105] Alice paid regular visits to Delves Broughton in prison, and, with her friend Idina, the late Errol's first wife, attended every day of the trial.[30] In July 1941, Delves Broughton was acquitted due to lack of evidence.[106]

Paul Spicer theorizes that Alice de Janzé was the actual murderer of Lord Erroll, based on several letters that Alice's personal doctor and former lover, William Boyle, discovered in her house on the day of her death, and later handed over to the police.

Death

 
Article reporting de Janzé's sudden death in The Vidette Messenger

In August 1941, after being diagnosed with uterine cancer, Alice de Janzé underwent a hysterectomy.[107] On 23 September, she attempted suicide by taking an overdose of pentobarbital. When her friend, Patricia Bowles, discovered her, she had already marked every piece of furniture with the name of the friend who would inherit it. Bowles rescued Alice by calling a doctor to pump her stomach.[107]

A week later, on 30 September, two days after turning 42, Alice succeeded in ending her life. A servant found her dead on her bed from a self-inflicted gunshot wound, from the same weapon she had once used on Raymond and herself.[21][108] Michael Kilian, who has written extensively about Alice de Janzé's life, believes that she chose suicide because she became depressed about her ageing appearance and loss of looks.[109] It was not the first suicide in her family: her cousin, John Hellyer Silverthorne had also committed suicide by gunshot in his home in Chicago in 1933, at the age of 26.[110]

Alice left three suicide notes, one addressed to the police, one to her daughters and one to Dickie Pembroke. The content of the letters was never publicly disclosed, fuelling rumours that they containing revelations into the Errol murder. A government official, summoned to examine her possessions, was reportedly dumbfounded when he came across the letters. After a long, secret meeting among officials, it was decided that the content of her papers and letters would not be made public.[7] What did become known is that she had requested that her friends hold a cocktail party on her grave.[107]

On 21 January 1942, following an inquest in Nairobi, her death was officially ruled a suicide; the finding was delayed due to the difficulty in obtaining evidence. The coroner also concluded there was no sign of insanity,[111] but he further fuelled the conspiracy theories by stating that the content of Alice's letters were such as to merit their being destroyed, because they constituted damaging revelations of a social and political nature.[7]

Legacy

Further information: White Mischief

Writer Joseph Broccoli conjectures that Alice de Janzé and the 1927 shooting served as a source of inspiration for Maria Wallis and the shooting incident in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel Tender Is the Night (1934),[112][113]

 
Sarah Miles portraying Alice de Janzé in White Mischief (1988)

In 1982, Alice de Janzé's life was prominently featured in the investigative non-fiction book White Mischief by journalist James Fox, which examined the events surrounding the murder of Lord Erroll, the Happy Valley set, and their notorious life before and after the event. In 1987, the book was adapted into an eponymous film, directed by Michael Radford, in which Alice de Janzé was portrayed by British actress Sarah Miles.[114] Radford was reportedly drawn to the story primarily due to an incident attributed to Alice, in which she had once flung open the shutters of her window in her house in Kenya and remarked: "Oh, God. Not another fucking beautiful day." Radford incorporated this scene into the film.[115]

The film adaptation makes much of Alice's eccentricities, including scenes in which she watches a polo match with a snake twined around her shoulders, or doses herself with a syringe of morphine in the ladies' toilet.[116] In 1988, Miles stated at the Cannes Film Festival that as an actress Alice de Janzé was a difficult character for her to portray. When she first arrived in Kenya, Miles sought people who knew de Janzé but was unable to learn anything substantial due to those acquaintances' confused perceptions of the woman; some were even uncertain as to her true nationality.[117]

Michael Kilian makes reference to Alice de Janzé in his novel of historical fiction Dance on a Sinking Ship (1988), in which a character boasts of having taken her virginity,[118] and included her as a character in another novel of historical fiction Sinful Safari (2003) in which various members of the Happy Valley set, including Alice, are suspects in a fictional murder case in 1920s Kenya.[119] Similarly, Paul Di Filippo based Alice de Janzé and several other members of the Happy Valley set as the protagonists in his fictional story "The Happy Valley at the End of the World", part of his collection, Lost Pages (1998).[120]

The music band Building released a song in their album Second Building that is titled Alice de Janze and is inspired by the story of de Janzé, making reference to her suicide with the lyric "you died too young".[121]

Fashion designer Edward Finney's Spring/Summer Collection 2012 was inspired by the life of Alice de Janzé.[122]

Descendants and relatives

  • Alice's elder daughter Nolwén, later Lady Clark, became a fashion designer after the war and became president of the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers in the 1950s.[123] From her first marriage in 1948 (divorce 1957) to Lionel Armand-Delille (1913-2007) at Maillebois she had two children, a daughter Angélique and a son Frédéric Armand-Delille. In 1981, Angelique worked as picture assistant for the film Quartet. After Nolwén's second marriage (1961) to Edward Dennis Rice (1899-1974) at Dane Court, Nolwén in 1977 married the well known art historian Lord Clark (1903–83), director of London's National Gallery. Nolwén died on 7 March 1989 in France at the age of 67 after undergoing heart surgery.
  • Her second daughter, Paola, died in Normandy, close to the family property, in Dieppe on 24 December 2006 at the age of 82. After giving birth to Guillaume de Rougemont (26 October 1945 – 3 May 2020), whose father probably died in 1945, she married twice: with Walt Hayden, born 1888, she had Arthur Hayden (1947), Moya Hayden (1950) and possibly Pierre. In 1955 she married secondly the former Polish cavalry officer John Ciechanowski (1921-2008), who had participated in the Normandy Landings, became a well known jockey and later trainer at the stud farm in Lambourn for the Al-Maktoum family, reigning princes of Dubai; with him she had a son, Alexander Ciechanowski, born in 1956.[124]

References

  1. ^ a b Reed, Frank Fremont (1982). History of the Silverthorn Family, Vol. 4, p. 550. Chicago: DuBane's Print Shop. Her birth and death date can also be found at http://www.ancestry.com/trees/awt/main.aspx. (free registration required)
  2. ^ a b Reed, Frank Fremont (1982). The History of the Silverthorn Family, Vol. 4. Chicago: DuBane's Print Shop, p. 434
  3. ^ The New York Times, 18 November 1897. "Mrs. Chapin Leaves $500,000", p. 1
  4. ^ Illinois Statewide Marriage Index, 1763–1900 18 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Chicago Tribune, 29 May 1892. "Month of Weddings", p. 10
  6. ^ a b c Chicago Tribune, Sunday Magazine, 26 May 1996. "Hey Lady! Britain's Beleaguered Princess Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet – Chicago's Rendition", p. 14
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p The Milwaukee Sentinel, 27 June 1948. Coughlin, Gene. "Battered Brides: Unhappy Hunt of the Golden Girl", p. 32
  8. ^ a b c Fox James (1983). White Mischief. Random House, p. 39
  9. ^ a b The Times Online, The Sunday Times, 2 May 2010. Wilson, Frances. "The Tempress: The Scandalous Life of Alice, Countess de Janze Review".
  10. ^ a b c d Fox, James (1982). White Mischief. Random House, p. 40
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  15. ^ Chicago Tribune, Sunday Magazine, 20 August 1986. Kilian, Michael. "Unhappy Endings When Chicago and Europe Play at Love, the Consequences Can be Disastrous", p. 14
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  18. ^ Fox, James (1983). White Mischief. Random House, p. 35
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  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i The Milwaukee Sentinel, 26 October 1941. "Killed Herself Where She Lost Her Honor 15 Years Before", p. 30
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  23. ^ Marnham, Patrick. "Dirty Work at the Crossroads", The Spectator, 18 March 2000
  24. ^ Trzebinski, Erroll (2000). The Life and Death of Lord Erroll, p. 76. Fourth Estate
  25. ^ "She Loved Him, Shot Him, Married Him, Divorced Him", The Oakland Tribune, 12 December 1937
  26. ^ De Janzé, Frédéric.Vertical Land. London: Duckworth Press, 1928, Chapter VIII
  27. ^ Morrow, Anne. Picnic in a Foreign Land: The Eccentric Lives of the Anglo-Irish. Grafton: 2003, p. 54 ISBN 978-0-246-13204-8
  28. ^ a b White Mischief, p. 41
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  31. ^ a b c White Mischief, p. 42
  32. ^ The Life and Death of Lord Erroll: The Truth Behind the Happy Valley Murder, p. 86
  33. ^ "Chicago Countess and Dashing Briton She Shot Are Near Death in Paris", Chicago Tribune, 28 March 1927
  34. ^ "Paris Shocked Over Countess Love Tragedy", The Miami News, 28 May 1927
  35. ^ The Montreal Gazette, 28 March 1927. "Countess Shot Englishman and Self in Paris", p. 13
  36. ^ a b "Used Pistol Bullets Instead of Cupid Darts", The Milwaukee Sentinel, 18 February 1933
  37. ^ a b "First Shot Lover and then Herself", Ottawa Citizen, 28 March 1927
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Fined the Countess 4$ For Shooting Her Boy-Friend", The Delmarvia Star, 28 January 1928
  39. ^ a b "AMERICAN COUNTESS SHOOTS ENGLISHMAN AND SELF IN PARIS; Former Alice Silverthorne of Chicago and Raymond de Trafford in Grave State. ESTRANGED FROM HUSBAND Shooting Takes Place on Train Just Before Departure for Cross-Channel Steamer". The New York Times. 27 March 1927. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
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  44. ^ "Society Girl Shoots Lover and Herself", The Hartford Courant, 27 March 1927
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  53. ^ "Serve Countess with Homicide Attempt Papers", Chicago Tribune, 5 April 1927
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  124. ^ Obituary of John Ciechanowski

January 20, 2023
alice, janzé, née, silverthorne, september, 1899, september, 1941, also, known, countess, janzé, during, first, marriage, alice, trafford, during, second, marriage, american, heiress, spent, years, kenya, member, happy, valley, colonials, connected, with, seve. Alice de Janze nee Silverthorne 28 September 1899 30 September 1941 1 also known as the Countess de Janze during her first marriage and as Alice de Trafford during her second marriage was an American heiress who spent years in Kenya as a member of the Happy Valley set of colonials She was connected with several scandals including the attempted murder of her lover in 1927 and the 1941 murder of the 22nd Earl of Erroll in Kenya Her life was marked by promiscuity drug abuse and several suicide attempts Alice de JanzePictured in Chicago 1919BornAlice Silverthorne 1899 09 28 28 September 1899Buffalo New York U S Died30 September 1941 1941 09 30 aged 42 Gilgil KenyaOccupationSocialiteSpouse s Frederic de Janze m 1921 1927 wbr Raymond de Trafford m 1932 1937 wbr Children2Growing up in Chicago and New York Silverthorne was one of the most prominent American socialites of her time A relative of the wealthy Armour family she was a multi millionaire heiress She married into the French nobility in 1921 when she wed Frederic de Janze comte de Janze In the mid 1920s she was introduced to the Happy Valley set a community of white expatriates in East Africa notorious for their hedonistic lifestyle In 1927 she made international news when she shot her lover Raymond de Trafford in a Paris railway station and then turned the gun on herself they both survived Alice de Janze stood trial and was fined a small amount and later pardoned by the French state She went on to marry and later divorce the man she shot In 1941 she was one of several major suspects in the murder in Kenya of her friend and former lover Lord Erroll After several previous suicide attempts she died of a self inflicted gunshot in September 1941 Her personality has been referenced both in fiction and non fiction most notably in the book White Mischief and its film adaptation where she was portrayed by Sarah Miles Contents 1 Early life 2 1919 1927 Marriage and the Happy Valley set 3 1927 The Gare du Nord shooting incident 3 1 Trial and penalty 4 1928 1941 Second marriage divorce and return to Kenya 5 1941 The Lord Erroll murder 6 Death 7 Legacy 8 Descendants and relatives 9 ReferencesEarly life Edit Alice Silverthorne in Chicago 1919 Alice Silverthorne was born in Buffalo Erie County New York 1 the only child of textile industrialist William Edward Silverthorne and his wife Julia Belle Chapin 14 August 1871 2 June 1907 2 a relative to the Armour family of meatpacking success through the Armour amp Company brand at that time the largest food products company in the world Silverthorne was a first cousin once removed to J Ogden Armour and great niece to Philip Danforth Armour and Herman Ossian Armour the granddaughter of their sister Marietta who left much of her estate to her mother Julia in 1897 3 William and Julia were married on 8 June 1892 in Chicago 4 5 the city where Alice spent most of her childhood and adolescence living with her parents in the affluent Gold Coast district 6 Alice became a favourite of her cousin J Ogden Armour Her family s great wealth prompted her childhood friends to take a cue from her surname and give her the nickname Silver Spoon 7 Her mother died of complications from tuberculosis when Alice was eight years old 8 although biographer Paul Spicer argues that her death was a result of being locked out of the house by her husband during a freezing night six months earlier 9 Alice who inherited a large estate from her mother was herself an asymptomatic consumptive from birth 8 Following her mother s death Alice was raised by a German governess in large houses in New York her alcoholic father 10 was frequently absent due to his professional obligations Contrary to her wishes William Silverthorne quickly remarried in 1908 7 and had five children with his second wife Louise Mattocks Many of their children did not survive Alice s half siblings included William Jr 1912 1976 Victoria Louise died in infancy in 1914 Patricia 1915 Lawrence 1918 1923 and an unnamed girl who died in infancy in 1910 11 William later divorced Mattocks and married twice more 2 Pictured at Lake Geneva Wisconsin in September 1916 With her father s encouragement Alice was introduced to wild social life in her early adolescence She was one of the more prominent socialites of Chicago frequenting the fashionable nightclubs of the time Her father also took her on several European tours and encouraged her image as a prominent debutante These years of wild youth left Alice with a chronic melancholia 8 it is possible that she suffered from cyclothymia a strain of bipolar disorder 12 Her father soon lost custody of her an uncle from her mother s side assumed the role of her legal guardian and then proceeded to place her at a boarding school in Washington D C 7 10 Journalist Michael Kilian believes this was because William Silverthorne had an incestuous relationship with his adolescent daughter in which she lost her virginity to her father 13 14 until one of her uncles intervened and took the case to the court 6 15 Paul Spicer disagrees that her relationship with her father was improper 9 Regardless of the court decision after 14 year old Alice came to live with the Armours in New York she then openly traveled with her father to the French Riviera where Kilian claims William Silverthorne openly sported her as his mistress and allowed her to keep a black panther as a pet 6 In later years she was famous for parading the animal up and down the Promenade des Anglais in Nice 10 1919 1927 Marriage and the Happy Valley set Edit Members of the Happy Valley set in Kenya 1926 From left to right Raymond de Trafford Frederic de Janze Alice s second and first husband respectively Alice de Janze and The 3rd Baron Delamere In 1919 Alice moved back to Chicago to live with her aunts Mrs Francis E May nee Alice Chapin and Mrs Josephine Chapin 16 Two years later Alice moved to Paris where she briefly worked as director of the model department in Jean Patou s atelier 17 until she met Frederic de Janze a well known French racing driver and heir to an old aristocratic family in Brittany A participant in the 24 Hours of Le Mans and other races Frederic also frequented literary circles and was close friends with Marcel Proust Maurice Barres and Anna de Noailles 18 Unlike many other American heiresses of the period Alice had not allowed her family to arrange an advantageous match for her choosing to take the initiative and pursue a romance with Frederic de Janze on her own 7 After a romance of three weeks 19 the couple married on 21 September 1921 in Chicago 20 with her new husband reportedly finding her Silverthorne surname so charming that he regretted their marriage would take it away from her 21 Following the ceremony Alice s aunt Mrs J Ogden Armour turned over the Armour estate on Long Island to the couple where they spent two weeks before deciding to permanently settle in Paris in the Champs Elysees quarter 19 22 They had two daughters Nolwen Louise Alice de Janze 20 June 1922 7 March 1989 and Paola Marie Jeanne de Janze 1 June 1924 24 December 2006 Alice was a neglectful mother and Frederic was a neglectful father the children were primarily brought up in their family s chateau de Parfondeval in Normandy 10 by governesses and Frederic s sister In 1925 the couple first met and became good friends with Josslyn 22nd Earl of Erroll and his wife Idina Countess of Erroll in Montparnasse 23 Some time later the young Lord and Lady Erroll invited the de Janzes to spend some time in their home in the so called Happy Valley in the British Colony of Kenya a community of British colonials living in the Wanjohi Valley near the Aberdare Mountains This enclave had become notorious among socialites in the UK for being a community for those seeking a hedonistic lifestyle including drugs alcohol and sexual promiscuity Noticing that Alice had become restless Frederic decided to distract her and agreed to the trip 24 25 In the Happy Valley the de Janzes were neighbours to the Errolls Frederic de Janze documented his time in Happy Valley and all the eccentric personalities he met there in his book Vertical Land which was published in 1928 He provided several non eponymous references to members of the Happy Valley set including a psychological portrait of his wife that alludes to her suicidal tendencies Wide eyes so calm short slick hair full red lips a body to desire The powerful hands clutch and wave along the mandolin and the crooning somnolent melody breaks her throat trembles and her gleaming shoulders droop That weird soul of mixtures is at the door her cruelty and lascivious thoughts clutch the thick lips on close white teeth She holds us with her song and her body sways towards ours No man will touch her exclusive soul shadowy with memories unstable suicidal 26 Even among the scandalous residents of Happy Valley Alice was soon known as the wicked Madonna 27 for her beauty sarcastic sense of humour and unpredictable mood swings She was known for speaking passionately about animal rights as well as playing the ukulele 28 and soon she began an affair with Lord Erroll openly sharing him with Idina 29 30 The de Janzes later returned to Happy Valley in 1926 While Frederic distracted himself with lion hunting Alice began a love affair with British aristocrat Raymond Vincent de Trafford 28 January 1900 14 May 1971 son of Sir Humphrey de Trafford 3rd Baronet Alice s infatuation with de Trafford was so great that the couple attempted to elope although they promptly returned 31 Frederic was aware of his wife s open infidelity but did not become preoccupied by it 28 although years later he would refer to the love triangle with de Trafford as the infernal triangle 32 That autumn in an attempt to save his marriage Frederic returned to Paris with Alice he was unsuccessful Alice visited Frederic s mother revealing that she was in love with de Trafford she asked her help in obtaining a divorce Her mother in law advised her to think of her two daughters and do nothing she might later regret Alice soon returned to Kenya and her lover 21 Hoping to keep the extramarital affair from becoming a scandal her mother in law loaned Alice a furnished flat in a quiet street in Paris to use as a love nest with de Trafford 33 Under pressure from his family Frederic quickly sued for divorce 34 1927 The Gare du Nord shooting incident Edit A newspaper article reporting the shooting incident at the Gare du Nord Pictured are de Janze and her husband Frederic Comte de Janze On the morning of 25 March 1927 Alice awoke in an agitated state in her Paris home according to the later testimony of her maid 35 That afternoon when Alice and Raymond de Trafford met he informed her that he would not be able to marry her as his strict Catholic family had threatened to disinherit him if he followed through with the plan 36 37 The couple later visited a sporting equipment shop together where Alice bought a gold mounted pearl handled revolver 21 31 At the Gare du Nord a few hours later as de Trafford was bidding farewell to her in his train compartment before he left for London by an express boat train she pulled the revolver from her purse and shot him in the stomach puncturing his lung 31 38 39 She then shot herself in the stomach 39 The train conductor reported that when he opened the compartment door Alice gasped I did it and then collapsed 21 De Trafford spent several days in a hospital in critical condition Alice is reported to have screamed But he must live I want him to live 7 when she heard the news that de Trafford was too seriously wounded to survive Her own wound was initially overlooked by doctors during the confusion Despite initial reports that spoke of her also being gravely injured 40 41 her wounds were quite superficial One journalist reported that she had shot herself very gently 7 Both Alice and de Trafford were transferred to the Lariboisiere Hospital Alice s relatives rushed to the hospital and attempted to have her transferred to a private clinic but were stopped by the gendarmes because the countess was under arrest 42 The incident made headlines all over the world 37 43 44 45 Some confusion was caused when five British newspapers the Western Mail The Manchester Guardian The Liverpool Daily Courier The Liverpool Evening Express and Sheffield Daily Telegraph illustrated their reports of the shooting incident with pictures not of Alice but of her sister in law Vicomtesse Phillis Meeta de Janze The viscountess promptly sued them for libel and received a settlement 46 In an attempt to minimize the situation a statement was released to the press by Alice s family assuring the public that there was nothing in the double shooting that casts discredit upon the names of Armour and Silverthorne which have been honored in America many generations nor anything which could induce a French jury to render a verdict of conviction 47 Her aunt Mrs George Silverthorne told a reporter It cannot be Alice She and her husband were so happy together and such a thing would be impossible There must be some mistake 19 Alice claimed to feel regret about shooting de Trafford who was said to be on the brink of death 40 but did not offer an explanation telling a police official who was permitted to see her I decided to shoot him just as the train was leaving Why is my own secret Don t ask me 48 De Trafford finally regained consciousness and made a brief statement In an effort to protect Alice he explained Why Madame attempted suicide I tried to stop her and the weapon was accidentally discharged A deplorable accident surely but yet an accident before lapsing into unconsciousness again 38 Alice s condition quickly improved and she was first able to talk with relatives on 30 March 49 50 She officially confessed to the shootings in a signed statement on 2 April in which she admitted to having attempted suicide numerous times in her life declaring I wanted to kill myself for I have always had ideas of suicide From time to time and without reason I have wanted to die 51 Trial and penalty Edit On 5 April Alice was officially charged with attempted murder with premeditation 52 53 On 8 April she made an official declaration in which she stated she originally only planned suicide when she bought the revolver but eventually also fired at de Trafford because of anguish at parting from him 54 In her official declaration to Judge Banquart who was charged with investigating the case she stated I met Raymond in Kenya colony East Africa and became his mistress It was agreed that I would obtain a divorce to marry him But gradually he withdrew from the bargain and came to see me in Paris on March 25 to announce that his family was opposed to the match I already had suffered from the great deception but when he refused my imploring that he remain with me longer I immediately determined on suicide Then we took a last luncheon together and for the moment forgot the mental anguish Afterward he said he would accompany me to shopping and I took him to an armorer s stone where I bought a revolver and cartridges wrapped separately Raymond s phlegmatic English type suspected nothing in this incident evidently thinking that I was doing an errand for my husband In the station washroom I had an opportunity to load the weapon which I still intended only to use on myself then rejoined him on a compartment of the London express It was during the anguish of the last moment s separation as we embraced that I suddenly acted on impulse Slipping the revolver between us I fired upon him then upon myself 55 On 9 April de Trafford returned to London by a private aeroplane declaring to French authorities that he did not wish to take any action against Alice although he would return to Paris if his testimony was needed 56 Meanwhile Alice was held in Saint Lazare a prison for women 57 58 59 Her cell No 12 had hosted several notorious female criminals in the past including Mata Hari Marguerite Steinheil and Henriette Caillaux 60 61 62 After she made a formal demand for release on bail she was temporarily freed by the police pending her recovery on 20 May 63 64 She eventually described what happened in the train station The whistle of London Express blew and I realized that he was going away from Paris and from me forever I suddenly changed my mind and resolved to take him away with me into the Great Beyond Slowly very slowly I loosened my grip around his neck placed the revolver between our two bodies and as the train started fired twice into his chest and my own body 61 Thanks to the intervention of her aunt Francis May Alice vanished from the public eye hidden in a nursing home close to Paris in preparation for the impending trial Her lawyers attempted without success to have the charges against her dismissed 65 She was tried by the Paris Tribunal on 23 December 1927 66 on the charge of assault after her celebrated advocate Rene Mettetal 36 convinced the examining magistrate that she was mentally irresponsible at the time she shot de Trafford 67 68 When de Trafford was asked if he wanted to press charges against the countess he expressed surprise and annoyance at the idea claiming that his wounding was an accident that he himself caused 69 As we were about to part she was kissing me I told her that I loved her and again whispered to her not to take my decision as irrevocable I even told her that we would meet again As she was leaving me she attempted suicide But a movement on my part caused the weapon to be deflected I am sure that she did not intentionally fire at me The accident was due to my imprudence 61 Alice s defence lawyer pleaded that the countess chronic melancholy and tuberculosis had deadened her intelligence 69 He also read a letter from her childhood friend American heiress Mary Landon Baker in which Baker claimed that Alice suffered from extreme melancholia and that she had attempted suicide a total of four times throughout her life 69 When asked why she took the gun with her to the railway station Alice replied To kill myself And I nearly succeeded Didn t I shoot myself in the stomach like poor Raymond 7 She also made her plea that she be acquitted so as to not disgrace the de Janze family name 7 Alice received a suspended sentence of six months in prison and a fine of 100 francs approximately four U S dollars by the Paris Correctional Court 70 who rebuked de Trafford for his failure to deliver his promise to marry her out of fear of losing the family allowance 38 71 Although it was criticized by some newspapers 38 this lenient decision may have been influenced by the revelation concerning Alice s frequent suicide attempts de Trafford s taking responsibility for her state of mind 72 and the public s sympathetic view of her as the tragic victim of a true crime of passion Even the prosecuting attorney insisted upon leniency and declared that I should not like to bear de Trafford s responsibility for a broken heart and a disrupted home 72 Under the First Offenders Act Alice was immediately released 73 and on 13 April 1929 she received a full presidential pardon from Gaston Doumergue the president of the French Republic 74 75 so that even the fine she had been forced to pay was returned to her by the court 21 The request for the pardon was partially made to avoid any commercial repercussions the conviction might cause 76 In the wake of the shooting scandal a divorce was granted to Frederic de Janze on the grounds of desertion by the Paris Tribunal on 15 June 1927 65 77 While no mention was made of the Gare du Nord episode Alice was to receive no alimony and Frederic was granted custody of their two children 21 78 That December Alice shocked both the Count and the newspapers when she declared that she would remarry her husband for the sake of the children 79 she later retracted her statement 7 The civil divorce was followed by an annulment of the marriage by the Vatican on 26 July 1928 80 81 Frederic s attorneys then warned every newspaper in England never to refer to Alice as Countess de Janze again 21 Frederic died on 24 December 1933 in Baltimore Maryland of septicaemia 82 1928 1941 Second marriage divorce and return to Kenya EditFollowing the public ordeal de Trafford advised Alice against returning to London for a while 7 In early 1928 she returned to Kenya but in light of her public scandal was soon ordered by Government House to leave the country as an undesirable alien 83 In the following weeks until she could properly organize her departure and wanting a relatively peaceful place where she could rest after the ordeal she stayed for a while at the house of writer Karen Blixen a good friend of Lord Erroll 84 She also resumed her affair with the Earl 7 83 Months later living in Paris and growing indignant about the rumours she publicly refuted that she had been asked to leave Kenya 85 It was not until years later that Alice was able to return thanks to the intervention of both de Janze and de Trafford who convinced the Kenyan Government to re admit her 7 Around this time Alice resumed her love affair with de Trafford the man she had almost killed A rumour that the couple would soon have a quiet wedding in Paris was first circulated in May 1927 57 then in September of that same year 86 and later in January 1928 87 Alice s lawyer denied any such plans and no wedding took place 88 The rumour surfaced again in April 1930 89 Ultimately the couple married on 22 February 1932 in Neuilly sur Seine 90 and spoke of buying a house in London 61 Alice commented on her affair with de Trafford We were deeply in love It was arranged that we should marry 91 although it has been suggested that Alice literally pursued de Trafford for three years before she finally got him to marry her 38 During this time Alice who now had severe financial reversals took over the management of a gown shop in Paris under the name of Gloria Bocher but soon lost both interest and money in the venture 7 38 Her marriage also rapidly collapsed ending only three months after the wedding 92 when the couple got into a heated argument in the compartment of an English railroad train over their honeymoon destination Alice confided to de Trafford that she had purchased the cottage in Happy Valley where they used to rendezvous at the start of their affair 21 deciding that it would be perfect for their honeymoon The idea did not appeal to her new husband during the course of the argument Alice absent mindedly reached into her purse prompting a terrified de Trafford to flee fearing a new murder attempt Alice later claimed she had no pistol in her purse nor had she the intention of shooting him but instead wanted to powder her nose 38 Alice officially sought a divorce in November 1932 charging Raymond who had fled to Australia with cruelty and desertion 79 93 It took her two years to obtain his signature and the divorce procedure was reported to begin in September 1934 but did not go forward 79 Alice may have changed her mind but she again officially filed for divorce in May 1937 94 winning an uncontested suit and a grant of decree nisi on the grounds of adultery with an unnamed correspondent at a London hotel 38 79 95 Following the divorce Alice considered permanently returning to Chicago however friends advised her against it pointing out how the shooting scandal had made her a marked woman in her native land 7 Accepting her notoriety Alice returned to the world of Happy Valley where she permanently settled in the large farmhouse she had previously bought in Gilgil located on the banks of the River Wanjohi 38 She spent the following years reading and taking care of her animals which included lions panthers and antelopes She became addicted to drugs particularly morphine 96 She was avoided by certain members of the community due to her mood swings and the shooting incident her friend aviator Beryl Markham later disclosed Loneliness fixed Alice Everyone was frightened of her 97 Alice now rarely visited her children in France Years later Nolwen would state that she did not feel bitterness or hostility for her mother during their brief meetings but would actually be fascinated by this virtually unknown woman who brought with her an air of mystique owing to her permanent stay in Africa 98 1941 The Lord Erroll murder EditOn 24 January 1941 Lord Erroll was found shot to death in his car at an intersection outside Nairobi Errol s serial philandering contributed to the persistent rumour that the perpetrator was a woman 99 Police duly interrogated all of Erroll s closest acquaintances including Alice de Janze Although she had an alibi because she had spent an intimate night with Dickie Pembroke another Happy Valley resident due to her drug habits her romantic attachment to Errol and her previous attempt to kill a paramour 100 she was immediately regarded as the prime suspect among the white community of Happy Valley It was also rumoured that she had attempted suicide on hearing the news of Erroll s death 30 On the morning after Erroll s body was discovered Alice went to the morgue with a friend to see his body According to eyewitnesses she stunned those in attendance by leaving a tree branch on Erroll s corpse and whispering the words Now you are mine forever Eyewitness and close friend Julian Lezzard suspected that Alice was the murderer since it fitted with her morbid preoccupations 97 it was rumoured that Alice had admitted to the killing 101 In his investigative book White Mischief journalist James Fox mentions a suspicious incident regarding Alice de Janze and her possible connection to the crime A few months after the murder Alice went away for a few days and asked a neighbour to look after her house In her absence one of Alice s houseboys came to the neighbour and produced a revolver which he claimed he had found by a bridge under a pile of stones on Alice s land 102 In March 1941 British aristocrat Sir Henry John Jock Delves Broughton was officially charged with Lord Erroll s murder 103 Delves Broughton had been aware of a passionate love affair between his young wife Diana and Erroll in the months before his murder 104 105 Alice paid regular visits to Delves Broughton in prison and with her friend Idina the late Errol s first wife attended every day of the trial 30 In July 1941 Delves Broughton was acquitted due to lack of evidence 106 Paul Spicer theorizes that Alice de Janze was the actual murderer of Lord Erroll based on several letters that Alice s personal doctor and former lover William Boyle discovered in her house on the day of her death and later handed over to the police Death Edit Article reporting de Janze s sudden death in The Vidette Messenger In August 1941 after being diagnosed with uterine cancer Alice de Janze underwent a hysterectomy 107 On 23 September she attempted suicide by taking an overdose of pentobarbital When her friend Patricia Bowles discovered her she had already marked every piece of furniture with the name of the friend who would inherit it Bowles rescued Alice by calling a doctor to pump her stomach 107 A week later on 30 September two days after turning 42 Alice succeeded in ending her life A servant found her dead on her bed from a self inflicted gunshot wound from the same weapon she had once used on Raymond and herself 21 108 Michael Kilian who has written extensively about Alice de Janze s life believes that she chose suicide because she became depressed about her ageing appearance and loss of looks 109 It was not the first suicide in her family her cousin John Hellyer Silverthorne had also committed suicide by gunshot in his home in Chicago in 1933 at the age of 26 110 Alice left three suicide notes one addressed to the police one to her daughters and one to Dickie Pembroke The content of the letters was never publicly disclosed fuelling rumours that they containing revelations into the Errol murder A government official summoned to examine her possessions was reportedly dumbfounded when he came across the letters After a long secret meeting among officials it was decided that the content of her papers and letters would not be made public 7 What did become known is that she had requested that her friends hold a cocktail party on her grave 107 On 21 January 1942 following an inquest in Nairobi her death was officially ruled a suicide the finding was delayed due to the difficulty in obtaining evidence The coroner also concluded there was no sign of insanity 111 but he further fuelled the conspiracy theories by stating that the content of Alice s letters were such as to merit their being destroyed because they constituted damaging revelations of a social and political nature 7 Legacy EditFurther information White Mischief Writer Joseph Broccoli conjectures that Alice de Janze and the 1927 shooting served as a source of inspiration for Maria Wallis and the shooting incident in F Scott Fitzgerald s novel Tender Is the Night 1934 112 113 Sarah Miles portraying Alice de Janze in White Mischief 1988 In 1982 Alice de Janze s life was prominently featured in the investigative non fiction book White Mischief by journalist James Fox which examined the events surrounding the murder of Lord Erroll the Happy Valley set and their notorious life before and after the event In 1987 the book was adapted into an eponymous film directed by Michael Radford in which Alice de Janze was portrayed by British actress Sarah Miles 114 Radford was reportedly drawn to the story primarily due to an incident attributed to Alice in which she had once flung open the shutters of her window in her house in Kenya and remarked Oh God Not another fucking beautiful day Radford incorporated this scene into the film 115 The film adaptation makes much of Alice s eccentricities including scenes in which she watches a polo match with a snake twined around her shoulders or doses herself with a syringe of morphine in the ladies toilet 116 In 1988 Miles stated at the Cannes Film Festival that as an actress Alice de Janze was a difficult character for her to portray When she first arrived in Kenya Miles sought people who knew de Janze but was unable to learn anything substantial due to those acquaintances confused perceptions of the woman some were even uncertain as to her true nationality 117 Michael Kilian makes reference to Alice de Janze in his novel of historical fiction Dance on a Sinking Ship 1988 in which a character boasts of having taken her virginity 118 and included her as a character in another novel of historical fiction Sinful Safari 2003 in which various members of the Happy Valley set including Alice are suspects in a fictional murder case in 1920s Kenya 119 Similarly Paul Di Filippo based Alice de Janze and several other members of the Happy Valley set as the protagonists in his fictional story The Happy Valley at the End of the World part of his collection Lost Pages 1998 120 The music band Building released a song in their album Second Building that is titled Alice de Janze and is inspired by the story of de Janze making reference to her suicide with the lyric you died too young 121 Fashion designer Edward Finney s Spring Summer Collection 2012 was inspired by the life of Alice de Janze 122 Descendants and relatives EditAlice s elder daughter Nolwen later Lady Clark became a fashion designer after the war and became president of the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers in the 1950s 123 From her first marriage in 1948 divorce 1957 to Lionel Armand Delille 1913 2007 at Maillebois she had two children a daughter Angelique and a son Frederic Armand Delille In 1981 Angelique worked as picture assistant for the film Quartet After Nolwen s second marriage 1961 to Edward Dennis Rice 1899 1974 at Dane Court Nolwen in 1977 married the well known art historian Lord Clark 1903 83 director of London s National Gallery Nolwen died on 7 March 1989 in France at the age of 67 after undergoing heart surgery Her second daughter Paola died in Normandy close to the family property in Dieppe on 24 December 2006 at the age of 82 After giving birth to Guillaume de Rougemont 26 October 1945 3 May 2020 whose father probably died in 1945 she married twice with Walt Hayden born 1888 she had Arthur Hayden 1947 Moya Hayden 1950 and possibly Pierre In 1955 she married secondly the former Polish cavalry officer John Ciechanowski 1921 2008 who had participated in the Normandy Landings became a well known jockey and later trainer at the stud farm in Lambourn for the Al Maktoum family reigning princes of Dubai with him she had a son Alexander Ciechanowski born in 1956 124 References Edit a b Reed Frank Fremont 1982 History of the Silverthorn Family Vol 4 p 550 Chicago DuBane s Print Shop Her birth and death date can also be found at http www ancestry com trees awt main aspx free registration required a b Reed Frank Fremont 1982 The History of the Silverthorn Family Vol 4 Chicago DuBane s Print Shop p 434 The New York Times 18 November 1897 Mrs Chapin Leaves 500 000 p 1 Illinois Statewide Marriage Index 1763 1900 Archived 18 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine Chicago Tribune 29 May 1892 Month of Weddings p 10 a b c Chicago Tribune Sunday Magazine 26 May 1996 Hey Lady Britain s Beleaguered Princess Ain t Seen Nothin Yet Chicago s Rendition p 14 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p The Milwaukee Sentinel 27 June 1948 Coughlin Gene Battered Brides Unhappy Hunt of the Golden Girl p 32 a b c Fox James 1983 White Mischief Random House p 39 a b The Times Online The Sunday Times 2 May 2010 Wilson Frances The Tempress The Scandalous Life of Alice Countess de Janze Review a b c d Fox James 1982 White Mischief Random House p 40 Reed Frank Fremont 1982 History of the Silverthorn Family Vol 4 Chicago DuBane s Print Shop p 562 Telegraph 27 April 2010 Grice Elizabeth Is This the Happy Valley Murderer Chicago Tribune 1 June 1988 Kilian Michael Making Mischief Take It from the Brits After Decades of Civility America is Due for Some Decadence p 10 Chicago Tribune 16 September 1987 Kilian Michael Shrink to Fit What Ever Happened to Good Old Fashioned Lunacy Now Even New Yorkers are Buying into the Therapy Fad p 6 Chicago Tribune Sunday Magazine 20 August 1986 Kilian Michael Unhappy Endings When Chicago and Europe Play at Love the Consequences Can be Disastrous p 14 Chicago Tribune 1 October 1941 Chicago Tragic Countess Slain in East Africa p 1 The New York Times 16 June 1927 De Janzes Divorced by Paris Tribunal p 56 Fox James 1983 White Mischief Random House p 35 a b c The New York Times 27 March 1927 Chicago Relatives Amazed p 9 Alice Silverthorne is Vicomte s Bride The New York Times 22 September 1921 Retrieved 29 July 2021 a b c d e f g h i The Milwaukee Sentinel 26 October 1941 Killed Herself Where She Lost Her Honor 15 Years Before p 30 Los Angeles Times 20 April 1922 Wedding of Mary Baker is Delayed Marnham Patrick Dirty Work at the Crossroads The Spectator 18 March 2000 Trzebinski Erroll 2000 The Life and Death of Lord Erroll p 76 Fourth Estate She Loved Him Shot Him Married Him Divorced Him The Oakland Tribune 12 December 1937 De Janze Frederic Vertical Land London Duckworth Press 1928 Chapter VIII Morrow Anne Picnic in a Foreign Land The Eccentric Lives of the Anglo Irish Grafton 2003 p 54 ISBN 978 0 246 13204 8 a b White Mischief p 41 Osborne Frances 2009 The Bolter p 132 Knopf a b c Osborne Frances Sex Games and Murder in Idina s Happy Valley Times Online 4 May 2008 a b c White Mischief p 42 The Life and Death of Lord Erroll The Truth Behind the Happy Valley Murder p 86 Chicago Countess and Dashing Briton She Shot Are Near Death in Paris Chicago Tribune 28 March 1927 Paris Shocked Over Countess Love Tragedy The Miami News 28 May 1927 The Montreal Gazette 28 March 1927 Countess Shot Englishman and Self in Paris p 13 a b Used Pistol Bullets Instead of Cupid Darts The Milwaukee Sentinel 18 February 1933 a b First Shot Lover and then Herself Ottawa Citizen 28 March 1927 a b c d e f g h i Fined the Countess 4 For Shooting Her Boy Friend The Delmarvia Star 28 January 1928 a b AMERICAN COUNTESS SHOOTS ENGLISHMAN AND SELF IN PARIS Former Alice Silverthorne of Chicago and Raymond de Trafford in Grave State ESTRANGED FROM HUSBAND Shooting Takes Place on Train Just Before Departure for Cross Channel Steamer The New York Times 27 March 1927 Retrieved 29 July 2021 a b Countess Reticent With Victim Dying The New York Times 28 March 1927 Countess de Janze Weaker Hartford Courant 29 May 1927 Chicago Tribune 7 April 1927 American Countess Shoots Self After Woonding Admirer The Washington Post 27 March 1927 Society Girl Shoots Lover and Herself The Hartford Courant 27 March 1927 Paris Shooting Led to Despair Los Angeles Times 28 May 1927 The Times 1 June 1927 The Montreal Gazette 28 March 1927 Countess Shoots Englishman and Self in Paris p 1 Countess Near Death of Wound The Pittsburgh Press 28 March 1927 Countess Improves Victim Near Death The Washington Post 31 March 1927 Countess Janze Better The New York Times 31 March 1927 Countess Gives First Story of Shooting Lover Chicago Daily Tribune 3 April 1927 Countess Is Accused of Attempted Murder The New York Times 5 April 1927 Serve Countess with Homicide Attempt Papers Chicago Tribune 5 April 1927 Countess Explains Double Shooting The New York Times 9 April 1927 The Montreal Gazette April 9 1927 Countess de Janze Makes Declaration p 11 Plane Trip Made by de Trafford The Miami News 18 April 1927 a b Chicago Tribune 8 May 1927 Lazare Day Time 22 August 1932 Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Barrow Andrew 1979 Gossip A History of High Society from 1920 to 1970 p 33 New York Coward McCann amp Geoghegan Secrest Meryle 1985 Kenneth Clark A Biography p 143 Holt Rinehart and Winston a b c d The Best Jail Cell in Paris As the Fabulous French Women s Prison Falls After 14 Years Comes the First Look in on its Million Secrets The Miami News 19 June 1932 De Janze Asks Bail Herald Journal 22 May 1927 Countess de Janze is Temporarily Freed The New York Times 20 May 1927 a b Count de Janze Divorces Wife Who Shot Man Chicago Tribune 16 June 1927 Will Try Countess Today The New York Times 23 December 1927 Chicago Tribune 17 December 1927 Alice de Janze to Go on Trial in Paris Tomorrow Chicago Tribune 22 December 1927 a b c Alice de Janze Kept from Cell by Man She Shot Chicago Daily Tribune 24 December 1927 Chicago Countess Who Shot Lover and Herself Gets Off With a 4 in French Court The New York Times 24 December 1927 Gossip A History of High Society from 1920 to 1970 p 33 a b Countess de Luxe Palm Beach Daily News 27 December 1927 Gossip A History of High Society from 1920 to 1970 p 36 Frees Countess de Janze The New York Times 14 April 1929 The Evening Independent 13 April 1929 American Countess is Pardoned in Shooting The Lima News 13 April 1929 De Janzes Divorced by Paris Tribunal The New York Times 16 June 1927 Americans Win Paris Divorces Los Angeles Times 16 June 1927 a b c d Chased Him 3 Years to Marry Chased Him 3 Years to Divorce The Milwaukee Sentinel 16 September 1934 Milestone Time 6 August 1928 Chicago Tribune 26 July 1928 Com F Janze Sportsman Dead The New York Times 25 December 1933 a b White Mischief p 47 Title unknown L Intermediaire des chercheurs et curieux issue 643 June 2006 Countess de Janze Says She Was Not Ousted From Africa Chicago Tribune 8 May 1928 Shot Wins Hubby The Charleston Gazette 15 September 1927 American May Marry Britisher She Shot The Pittsburgh Press 30 January 1928 Lawyer Denies Alice de Janze Plans to Marry Chicago Daily Tribune 30 January 1928 Syracuse Herald 7 April 1930 Weds Man She Shot The Evening Independent 20 February 1932 News and Views of Recent Events in the British Isles The Ottawa Citizen p 21 23 June 1939 Osborne Frances 2009 The Bolter p 189 Knopf Asks Paris Divorce from de Trafford The New York Times 19 November 1932 Divorce Suit Filed in London Chicago Daily Tribune 22 May 1937 Decree Nisi Granted The Montreal Gazette 26 October 1937 Osborne Frances 2009 The Bolter p 213 Knopf a b White Mischief p 193 White Mischief p 44 The Life and Death of Lord Erroll p 237 White Mischief p 144 159 160 Evans Collins 2003 A Question of Evidence The Casebook of Great Forensic Controversies from Napoleon to O J p 88 Hoboken NJ John Wiley amp Sons Inc ISBN 978 0 471 46268 2 White Mischief p 144 Leader of British Society Named on Murder Charge The Pittsburgh Press p 18 11 March 1941 Sir D Broughton s Trial is Adjourned to April 7 Ottawa Citizen p 9 25 March 1941 Nairobi Murder Trial The Glasgow Herald p 5 10 June 1941 Broughton Acquitted of Murder Charge The Daily Times Beaver and Rochester 2 July 1941 a b c White Mischief p 216 An Ex Countess Shot Found Dead The New York Times 1 October 1941 Kilian Michael Vainest Woman Met Museum of Art Exhibit Shows La Divine Comtesse in her Glory Chicago Tribune 2 November 2000 Young Society Husband Kills Himself in Home Chicago Tribune 24 January 1933 Verdict of Suicide Returned in Death of Armour Niece The Milwaukee Journal 21 January 1942 Bruccoli Joseph Matthew amp Baughman Judith S 1996 Reader s Companion to F Scott Fitzgerald s Tender Is the Night Columbia University of South Carolina Press p 91 ISBN 1 57003 078 2 Tate Jo Mary 2007 F Scott Fitzgerald A Lirerary Reference to his Life and Work New York Facts on File Inc p 224 Archived from the original on 2 November 2012 Retrieved 8 September 2017 Internet Movie Database entry for White Mischief The Washington Post 23 May 1988 Battiata Mary John Hurt into Africa After Making Mischief in Kenya The Actor Enjoys His New Domicile The New York Times 22 May 1988 Gross John Two New Movies Suggest that Shock Tactics are Best Muted In a Work of Art The New York Times 29 April 1988 van Gelder Lawrence At the Movies Kilian Michael 1989 Dance on a Sinking Ship Bantam p 158 Kilian Michael 2003 Sinful Safari Berkley p 190 Di Filippo Paul 1998 Lost Pages Four Walls Eight Windows p 56 1 Alice de Janze From album Second Story by Building Interview with Edward Finney Beat Review Archived from the original on 24 May 2012 Retrieved 22 May 2012 Interview with Edward Finney at beatreview com Nolwen de Janze Clark Fashion Designer 65 The New York Times 9 March 1989 Retrieved 10 August 2008 Obituary of John Ciechanowski Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alice de Janze amp oldid 1106273603, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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