fbpx
Wikipedia

Uterine cancer

Uterine cancer, also known as womb cancer, includes two types of cancer that develop from the tissues of the uterus.[3] Endometrial cancer forms from the lining of the uterus, and uterine sarcoma forms from the muscles or support tissue of the uterus.[1][2] Endometrial cancer accounts for approximately 90% of all uterine cancers in the United States.[6] Symptoms of endometrial cancer include changes in vaginal bleeding or pain in the pelvis.[1] Symptoms of uterine sarcoma include unusual vaginal bleeding or a mass in the vagina.[2]

Uterine cancer
Other namesWomb cancer
Diagram of uterus with labeled origins of cancer types.
SpecialtyGynecology, oncology
SymptomsEndometrial cancer: vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain[1]
Uterine sarcoma: vaginal bleeding, mass in the vagina[2]
TypesEndometrial cancer, uterine sarcoma[3]
Risk factorsEndometrial cancer: obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, tamoxifen use, unopposed estrogens, late menopause, family history of the condition[1]
Uterine sarcoma: radiation therapy to the pelvis[2]
TreatmentSurgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy[1][2]
Frequency3.8 million (2015)[4]
Deaths90,000 (2015)[5]

Risk factors for endometrial cancer include obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, taking pills that contain estrogen without progesterone, a history of tamoxifen use, late menopause, and a family history of the condition.[7][1] Risk factors for uterine sarcoma include prior radiation therapy to the pelvis.[2] Diagnosis of endometrial cancer is typically based on an endometrial biopsy.[1] A diagnosis of uterine sarcoma may be suspected based on symptoms, a pelvic exam, and medical imaging.[2]

Endometrial cancer can often be cured while uterine sarcoma typically is harder to treat.[3] Treatment may include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy.[1][2] Just over 80% of women survive more than 5 years following diagnosis.[8]

In 2015 about 3.8 million women were affected globally and it resulted in 90,000 deaths.[4][5] Endometrial cancer is relatively common while uterine sarcomas are rare.[3] In the United States, uterine cancers represent 3.5% of new cancer cases.[8] They most commonly occur in women between the ages of 45 and 74 with a median age of diagnosis of 63.[8]

Types Edit

The terms uterine cancer and womb cancer may refer to several different types of cancer that occur in the uterus, namely:

Endometrial cancer Edit

Uterine sarcomas Edit

Signs and symptoms Edit

Both types of uterine cancer can present with abnormal vaginal bleeding and discharge.[11][12] Abnormalities can include change in duration or amount of menstrual bleeding as well as new bleeding between menses or after menopause. Sensations of new or increasing pelvic pressure or pain can also indicate tumor growth in the uterus.[12] Any of these findings warrant further workup by a doctor.

Causes and risk factors Edit

It is not known with certainty what the causes for uterine cancer may be, though hormone imbalance is cited as a risk factor. Estrogen receptors, known to be present on the surfaces of cells of this type of cancer, are thought to interact with the hormone causing increased cell growth, which can then result in cancer. The exact mechanism of how this occurs is not understood.[13]

Risk factors for endometrial cancer include obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, taking pills that contain estrogen without progesterone, a history of tamoxifen use, late menopause, and certain hereditary conditions (Lynch syndrome, Cowden syndrome).[7][1][11] Risk factors for uterine sarcoma include prior radiation therapy to the pelvis, a history of tamoxifen use, a history of childhood retinoblastoma, and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome.[2][12]

Diagnosis Edit

To evaluate for uterine cancer, a clinician might perform a pelvic exam to visually inspect internal pelvic organs and to feel the size and position of the uterus and ovaries. A “pap smear” may also be done to brush the sides of the cervix to collect cells for testing and to look at under a microscope. A dilatation and curettage is often done to collect a sample of uterine lining tissue. An ultrasound is also often performed to look for tumors.[14]

Screening and Prevention Edit

Screening for uterine cancers is not recommended except for in women with certain hereditary conditions that increase their risk (Lynch, Cowden, HLRCC).[11][12]

In general, combined oral contraceptive pills and progestin-only pills are protective against uterine cancers. Weight loss and/or bariatric surgery reduces the risk for patients with obesity.[11]

Treatment Edit

Treatment of uterine cancer may differ depending on the type of cancer and staging of the tumor.[15] In early stages, minimal invasive surgery is preferred. [16]

For endometrial cancer, five main types of treatments are used, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. The most common treatment modality for endometrial cancer is surgery, whereby the uterus is removed via a total hysterectomy.[15] Hysterectomies may also be accompanied by removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes, called a salpingo-oophorectomy. Additionally, hormone therapy which seeks to block the growth of cancer cells may also be used in the treatment of endometrial cancer. Targeted therapy may include monoclonal antibodies, mTOR inhibitors, and signal transduction inhibitors which all act to target cancer cells specifically.[15]

As of 2021, treatment options for uterine sarcoma include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.[15]

Prognosis Edit

Prognosis varies for the different types of endometrial cancer. Factors that influence prognosis across types of uterine cancer are age at diagnosis, the stage of the cancer, the grade of the cancer, histology, depth of invasion into the myometrium, and the presence of spread to nearby lymph nodes or other regions.[17] Endometrial cancer typically has a good 5-year-survival when diagnosed early.[18] Generally, the prognosis is poorer for uterine sarcomas as compared to endometrial cancers.[19]

Epidemiology Edit

 
Age-standardized death from cancer of the uterine body per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004.[20]
  no data
  less than 0.5
  0.5–1
  1–1.5
  1.5–2
  2–2.5
  2.5–3
  3–3.5
  3.5–4
  4–4.5
  4.5–5
  5–8
  more than 8

Uterine cancer effects approximately 3.1% of females during their lifetime.[8] Uterine cancer resulted in 45,000 deaths worldwide in 1990, with this number increasing to 58,000 deaths in 2010.[21] North America and Northern Europe have the highest rates of uterine cancer. Asia, Southern Europe, Australia and South America have moderate rates, with the lowest rates in Africa and Eastern Asia.[22] About 81% of women with uterine cancer survive for five years. This rate is higher with more localized cancer at 95% survival rate for five years and lower for a distant spread of the cancer, at a 16.8% survival rate for five years.[8]

United Kingdom Edit

Uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer in females in the UK (around 8,500 women were diagnosed with the disease in 2011), and it is the tenth most common cause of cancer death in females (around 2,000 women died in 2012).[23]

United States Edit

Uterine cancer has a high prevalence in the United States, with approximately 772,247 women with the disease in 2016.[24] Of those uterine cancers, approximately 90% of the cases are endometrial cancers.[6] This is the fourth most commonly diagnosed type of cancer. [25]

In the United States, uterine cancer is the most common invasive gynecologic cancer.[22] The number of women diagnosed with uterine cancer has been steadily increasing, with 35,040 diagnosed in 1999 and 56,808 diagnosed in 2016. The age-adjusted rate of new cases in 1999 was 23.9 per 100,000 and has increased to 27.3 per 100,000 in 2016.[26] The incidence of uterine cancer increased even more in 2019, with an approximated 61,880 new cases.[24]

The rates of incidence and death for uterine cancer differ depending on race. The rate of diagnosis is highest for white females, with 28.1 new cases per 100,000 persons. Black females have a similar incidence with 27.4 new cases per 100,000 persons. Other ethnic groups had lower incidences: Hispanic females had 24.1 new cases per 100,000 persons, Asian/Pacific Islander females had 20.8 new cases per 100,000 persons, and American Indian/Alaska Native females had 19.7 new cases per 100,000 persons. For the death rates of uterine cancer, black females had the highest rates, 8.5 deaths per 100,000 persons. The death rates for the other ethnic groups were dramatically lower. White females had 4.4 deaths per 100,000 persons, Hispanic females had 3.9 deaths per 100,000 persons, American Indian/Alaska Native females had 3.5 deaths per 100,000 persons, and Asian/Pacific Islander females had 3.1 deaths per 100,000 persons.[8]

Research Edit

As current diagnostic methods are invasive and inaccurate, researchers are looking into new ways to catch womb cancer, especially in its early stages. A study found that using a technique involving infrared light on simple blood test samples detected uterine cancer with high accuracy (87%), and could detect precancerous growths in all cases.[27][28]

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Endometrial Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 26 April 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Uterine Sarcoma Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 3 October 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d "Uterine Cancer". National Cancer Institute. 1 January 1980. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  4. ^ a b Vos, Theo; et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  5. ^ a b Wang, Haidong; et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  6. ^ a b Felix AS, Brinton LA (September 2018). "Cancer Progress and Priorities: Uterine Cancer". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 27 (9): 985–994. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0264. PMC 6504985. PMID 30181320.
  7. ^ a b "Endometrial Cancer Risk Factors". www.cancer.org. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  8. ^ a b c d e f "Uterine Cancer - Cancer Stat Facts". SEER. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ a b "What Is Endometrial Cancer?". www.cancer.org. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  10. ^ a b "What Is Uterine Sarcoma?". www.cancer.org. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  11. ^ a b c d "Endometrial carcinoma: Clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis, and screening". www.uptodate.com. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  12. ^ a b c d "Uterine sarcoma: Classification, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis". www.uptodate.com. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  13. ^ Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention TOPICS - Do we know what causes endometrial cancer? - cancer.org - American Cancer Society - Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  14. ^ "Uterine Cancer - Diagnosis". Cancer.Net. 2012-06-25. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  15. ^ a b c d "Uterine Cancer—Patient Version - National Cancer Institute". www.cancer.gov. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  16. ^ Filippova OT, Leitao MM (July 2020). "The current clinical approach to newly diagnosed uterine cancer". Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy. 20 (7): 581–590. doi:10.1080/14737140.2020.1782750. PMC 7416456. PMID 32531179.
  17. ^ Uharcek P (October 2008). "Prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma". The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 34 (5): 776–783. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00796.x. PMID 18958927.
  18. ^ "Survival Rates for Endometrial Cancer". www.cancer.org. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  19. ^ "Survival Rates for Uterine Sarcoma". www.cancer.org. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  20. ^ "WHO Disease and injury country estimates". World Health Organization. 2009. Retrieved Nov 11, 2009.
  21. ^ Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. (December 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–2128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30050819. PMID 23245604. S2CID 1541253.
  22. ^ a b Felix AS, Brinton LA (September 2018). "Cancer Progress and Priorities: Uterine Cancer". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 27 (9): 985–994. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0264. PMC 6504985. PMID 30181320.
  23. ^ "Uterine cancer statistics". Cancer Research UK. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  24. ^ a b "Cancer of the Endometrium - Cancer Stat Facts". SEER. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  25. ^ Felix AS, Brinton LA (September 2018). "Cancer Progress and Priorities: Uterine Cancer". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 27 (9): 985–994. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0264. PMC 6504985. PMID 30181320.
  26. ^ . gis.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 2019-01-25. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  27. ^ "Womb cancer could be detected early with an inexpensive new blood test". NIHR Evidence (Plain English summary). 2020-11-12. doi:10.3310/alert_42575. S2CID 241679195.
  28. ^ Paraskevaidi, Maria; Morais, Camilo L. M.; Ashton, Katherine M.; Stringfellow, Helen F.; McVey, Rhona J.; Ryan, Neil A. J.; O’Flynn, Helena; Sivalingam, Vanitha N.; Kitson, Sarah J.; MacKintosh, Michelle L.; Derbyshire, Abigail E. (2020-05-16). "Detecting Endometrial Cancer by Blood Spectroscopy: A Diagnostic Cross-Sectional Study". Cancers. 12 (5): 1256. doi:10.3390/cancers12051256. ISSN 2072-6694. PMC 7281323. PMID 32429365.

External links Edit

  • Clinically reviewed uterine cancer information for patients
  • UK uterine cancer statistics
  • Foundation for Women's Caner

uterine, cancer, also, known, womb, cancer, includes, types, cancer, that, develop, from, tissues, uterus, endometrial, cancer, forms, from, lining, uterus, uterine, sarcoma, forms, from, muscles, support, tissue, uterus, endometrial, cancer, accounts, approxi. Uterine cancer also known as womb cancer includes two types of cancer that develop from the tissues of the uterus 3 Endometrial cancer forms from the lining of the uterus and uterine sarcoma forms from the muscles or support tissue of the uterus 1 2 Endometrial cancer accounts for approximately 90 of all uterine cancers in the United States 6 Symptoms of endometrial cancer include changes in vaginal bleeding or pain in the pelvis 1 Symptoms of uterine sarcoma include unusual vaginal bleeding or a mass in the vagina 2 Uterine cancerOther namesWomb cancerDiagram of uterus with labeled origins of cancer types SpecialtyGynecology oncologySymptomsEndometrial cancer vaginal bleeding pelvic pain 1 Uterine sarcoma vaginal bleeding mass in the vagina 2 TypesEndometrial cancer uterine sarcoma 3 Risk factorsEndometrial cancer obesity metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes tamoxifen use unopposed estrogens late menopause family history of the condition 1 Uterine sarcoma radiation therapy to the pelvis 2 TreatmentSurgery radiation therapy chemotherapy hormone therapy targeted therapy 1 2 Frequency3 8 million 2015 4 Deaths90 000 2015 5 Risk factors for endometrial cancer include obesity metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes taking pills that contain estrogen without progesterone a history of tamoxifen use late menopause and a family history of the condition 7 1 Risk factors for uterine sarcoma include prior radiation therapy to the pelvis 2 Diagnosis of endometrial cancer is typically based on an endometrial biopsy 1 A diagnosis of uterine sarcoma may be suspected based on symptoms a pelvic exam and medical imaging 2 Endometrial cancer can often be cured while uterine sarcoma typically is harder to treat 3 Treatment may include a combination of surgery radiation therapy chemotherapy hormone therapy and targeted therapy 1 2 Just over 80 of women survive more than 5 years following diagnosis 8 In 2015 about 3 8 million women were affected globally and it resulted in 90 000 deaths 4 5 Endometrial cancer is relatively common while uterine sarcomas are rare 3 In the United States uterine cancers represent 3 5 of new cancer cases 8 They most commonly occur in women between the ages of 45 and 74 with a median age of diagnosis of 63 8 Contents 1 Types 1 1 Endometrial cancer 1 2 Uterine sarcomas 2 Signs and symptoms 3 Causes and risk factors 4 Diagnosis 5 Screening and Prevention 6 Treatment 7 Prognosis 8 Epidemiology 8 1 United Kingdom 8 2 United States 9 Research 10 References 11 External linksTypes EditThe terms uterine cancer and womb cancer may refer to several different types of cancer that occur in the uterus namely Endometrial cancer Edit Endometrial carcinomas originate from cells in the glands of the endometrium uterine lining These include the common and readily treatable well differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma as well as the more aggressive uterine papillary serous carcinoma and uterine clear cell carcinoma 9 Malignant mixed Mullerian tumors also known as uterine carcinosarcomas are rare endometrial tumors which show both glandular carcinomatous and stromal sarcomatous differentiation 9 Uterine sarcomas Edit Leiomyosarcomas originate from the muscular layer of the uterus or myometrium Of note leiomyosarcomas are distinct from uterine leiomyomas which are benign tumors of the uterus 10 Endometrial stromal sarcomas originate from the connective tissues of the endometrium and are far less common than endometrial carcinomas 10 Signs and symptoms EditBoth types of uterine cancer can present with abnormal vaginal bleeding and discharge 11 12 Abnormalities can include change in duration or amount of menstrual bleeding as well as new bleeding between menses or after menopause Sensations of new or increasing pelvic pressure or pain can also indicate tumor growth in the uterus 12 Any of these findings warrant further workup by a doctor Causes and risk factors EditIt is not known with certainty what the causes for uterine cancer may be though hormone imbalance is cited as a risk factor Estrogen receptors known to be present on the surfaces of cells of this type of cancer are thought to interact with the hormone causing increased cell growth which can then result in cancer The exact mechanism of how this occurs is not understood 13 Risk factors for endometrial cancer include obesity metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes taking pills that contain estrogen without progesterone a history of tamoxifen use late menopause and certain hereditary conditions Lynch syndrome Cowden syndrome 7 1 11 Risk factors for uterine sarcoma include prior radiation therapy to the pelvis a history of tamoxifen use a history of childhood retinoblastoma and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma HLRCC syndrome 2 12 Diagnosis EditTo evaluate for uterine cancer a clinician might perform a pelvic exam to visually inspect internal pelvic organs and to feel the size and position of the uterus and ovaries A pap smear may also be done to brush the sides of the cervix to collect cells for testing and to look at under a microscope A dilatation and curettage is often done to collect a sample of uterine lining tissue An ultrasound is also often performed to look for tumors 14 Screening and Prevention EditScreening for uterine cancers is not recommended except for in women with certain hereditary conditions that increase their risk Lynch Cowden HLRCC 11 12 In general combined oral contraceptive pills and progestin only pills are protective against uterine cancers Weight loss and or bariatric surgery reduces the risk for patients with obesity 11 Treatment EditTreatment of uterine cancer may differ depending on the type of cancer and staging of the tumor 15 In early stages minimal invasive surgery is preferred 16 For endometrial cancer five main types of treatments are used including surgery radiation therapy chemotherapy hormone therapy and targeted therapy The most common treatment modality for endometrial cancer is surgery whereby the uterus is removed via a total hysterectomy 15 Hysterectomies may also be accompanied by removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes called a salpingo oophorectomy Additionally hormone therapy which seeks to block the growth of cancer cells may also be used in the treatment of endometrial cancer Targeted therapy may include monoclonal antibodies mTOR inhibitors and signal transduction inhibitors which all act to target cancer cells specifically 15 As of 2021 treatment options for uterine sarcoma include surgery radiation therapy chemotherapy and hormone therapy 15 Prognosis EditPrognosis varies for the different types of endometrial cancer Factors that influence prognosis across types of uterine cancer are age at diagnosis the stage of the cancer the grade of the cancer histology depth of invasion into the myometrium and the presence of spread to nearby lymph nodes or other regions 17 Endometrial cancer typically has a good 5 year survival when diagnosed early 18 Generally the prognosis is poorer for uterine sarcomas as compared to endometrial cancers 19 Epidemiology Edit nbsp Age standardized death from cancer of the uterine body per 100 000 inhabitants in 2004 20 no data less than 0 5 0 5 1 1 1 5 1 5 2 2 2 5 2 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 8 more than 8Uterine cancer effects approximately 3 1 of females during their lifetime 8 Uterine cancer resulted in 45 000 deaths worldwide in 1990 with this number increasing to 58 000 deaths in 2010 21 North America and Northern Europe have the highest rates of uterine cancer Asia Southern Europe Australia and South America have moderate rates with the lowest rates in Africa and Eastern Asia 22 About 81 of women with uterine cancer survive for five years This rate is higher with more localized cancer at 95 survival rate for five years and lower for a distant spread of the cancer at a 16 8 survival rate for five years 8 United Kingdom Edit Uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer in females in the UK around 8 500 women were diagnosed with the disease in 2011 and it is the tenth most common cause of cancer death in females around 2 000 women died in 2012 23 United States Edit Uterine cancer has a high prevalence in the United States with approximately 772 247 women with the disease in 2016 24 Of those uterine cancers approximately 90 of the cases are endometrial cancers 6 This is the fourth most commonly diagnosed type of cancer 25 In the United States uterine cancer is the most common invasive gynecologic cancer 22 The number of women diagnosed with uterine cancer has been steadily increasing with 35 040 diagnosed in 1999 and 56 808 diagnosed in 2016 The age adjusted rate of new cases in 1999 was 23 9 per 100 000 and has increased to 27 3 per 100 000 in 2016 26 The incidence of uterine cancer increased even more in 2019 with an approximated 61 880 new cases 24 The rates of incidence and death for uterine cancer differ depending on race The rate of diagnosis is highest for white females with 28 1 new cases per 100 000 persons Black females have a similar incidence with 27 4 new cases per 100 000 persons Other ethnic groups had lower incidences Hispanic females had 24 1 new cases per 100 000 persons Asian Pacific Islander females had 20 8 new cases per 100 000 persons and American Indian Alaska Native females had 19 7 new cases per 100 000 persons For the death rates of uterine cancer black females had the highest rates 8 5 deaths per 100 000 persons The death rates for the other ethnic groups were dramatically lower White females had 4 4 deaths per 100 000 persons Hispanic females had 3 9 deaths per 100 000 persons American Indian Alaska Native females had 3 5 deaths per 100 000 persons and Asian Pacific Islander females had 3 1 deaths per 100 000 persons 8 Research EditAs current diagnostic methods are invasive and inaccurate researchers are looking into new ways to catch womb cancer especially in its early stages A study found that using a technique involving infrared light on simple blood test samples detected uterine cancer with high accuracy 87 and could detect precancerous growths in all cases 27 28 References Edit a b c d e f g h i Endometrial Cancer Treatment National Cancer Institute 26 April 2018 Retrieved 3 February 2019 a b c d e f g h i Uterine Sarcoma Treatment National Cancer Institute 3 October 2018 Retrieved 3 February 2019 a b c d Uterine Cancer National Cancer Institute 1 January 1980 Retrieved 3 February 2019 a b Vos Theo et al October 2016 Global regional and national incidence prevalence and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries 1990 2015 a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 Lancet 388 10053 1545 1602 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 16 31678 6 PMC 5055577 PMID 27733282 a b Wang Haidong et al October 2016 Global regional and national life expectancy all cause mortality and cause specific mortality for 249 causes of death 1980 2015 a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 Lancet 388 10053 1459 1544 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 16 31012 1 PMC 5388903 PMID 27733281 a b Felix AS Brinton LA September 2018 Cancer Progress and Priorities Uterine Cancer Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers amp Prevention 27 9 985 994 doi 10 1158 1055 9965 EPI 18 0264 PMC 6504985 PMID 30181320 a b Endometrial Cancer Risk Factors www cancer org Retrieved 2021 09 13 a b c d e f Uterine Cancer Cancer Stat Facts SEER Retrieved 3 February 2019 a b What Is Endometrial Cancer www cancer org Retrieved 2021 09 14 a b What Is Uterine Sarcoma www cancer org Retrieved 2021 09 14 a b c d Endometrial carcinoma Clinical features diagnosis prognosis and screening www uptodate com Retrieved 2021 09 18 a b c d Uterine sarcoma Classification epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis www uptodate com Retrieved 2021 09 18 Causes Risk Factors and Prevention TOPICS Do we know what causes endometrial cancer cancer org American Cancer Society Retrieved 5 January 2015 Uterine Cancer Diagnosis Cancer Net 2012 06 25 Retrieved 2021 09 14 a b c d Uterine Cancer Patient Version National Cancer Institute www cancer gov Retrieved 2021 09 13 Filippova OT Leitao MM July 2020 The current clinical approach to newly diagnosed uterine cancer Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy 20 7 581 590 doi 10 1080 14737140 2020 1782750 PMC 7416456 PMID 32531179 Uharcek P October 2008 Prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 34 5 776 783 doi 10 1111 j 1447 0756 2008 00796 x PMID 18958927 Survival Rates for Endometrial Cancer www cancer org Retrieved 2021 09 14 Survival Rates for Uterine Sarcoma www cancer org Retrieved 2021 09 14 WHO Disease and injury country estimates World Health Organization 2009 Retrieved Nov 11 2009 Lozano R Naghavi M Foreman K Lim S Shibuya K Aboyans V et al December 2012 Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010 a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 Lancet 380 9859 2095 2128 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 12 61728 0 hdl 10536 DRO DU 30050819 PMID 23245604 S2CID 1541253 a b Felix AS Brinton LA September 2018 Cancer Progress and Priorities Uterine Cancer Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers amp Prevention 27 9 985 994 doi 10 1158 1055 9965 EPI 18 0264 PMC 6504985 PMID 30181320 Uterine cancer statistics Cancer Research UK Retrieved 28 October 2014 a b Cancer of the Endometrium Cancer Stat Facts SEER Retrieved 2019 11 12 Felix AS Brinton LA September 2018 Cancer Progress and Priorities Uterine Cancer Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers amp Prevention 27 9 985 994 doi 10 1158 1055 9965 EPI 18 0264 PMC 6504985 PMID 30181320 USCS Data Visualizations gis cdc gov Archived from the original on 2019 01 25 Retrieved 2019 11 12 Womb cancer could be detected early with an inexpensive new blood test NIHR Evidence Plain English summary 2020 11 12 doi 10 3310 alert 42575 S2CID 241679195 Paraskevaidi Maria Morais Camilo L M Ashton Katherine M Stringfellow Helen F McVey Rhona J Ryan Neil A J O Flynn Helena Sivalingam Vanitha N Kitson Sarah J MacKintosh Michelle L Derbyshire Abigail E 2020 05 16 Detecting Endometrial Cancer by Blood Spectroscopy A Diagnostic Cross Sectional Study Cancers 12 5 1256 doi 10 3390 cancers12051256 ISSN 2072 6694 PMC 7281323 PMID 32429365 External links EditClinically reviewed uterine cancer information for patients UK uterine cancer statistics Foundation for Women s Caner Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Uterine cancer amp oldid 1177510588, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.