Nothofagus alpina, also called rauli[2] or raulí beech (in Mapuche language) is a species of plant in the Nothofagaceae family. A deciduous tree, it grows in Chile and Argentina, it reaches 50 m (160 ft) height and more than 2 meters (6.5 feet) in diameter. Its distribution goes from 35 to 42° South latitude. It is found on the Andes. It tolerates low temperatures and heavy winds. It has a straight and cylindrical trunk with grey bark. N. alpina was proposed to be renamed Lophozonia alpina in 2013.[3]
Monoecious and leafy. Alternate leaves, petioles 3 to 12 mm long, oblong ovate to lanceolate ovate, with glands and hairs regularly distributed, undulate margins and softly serrated. Lamina 4 to 12 x 2,5 to 5 cm, pinnate veins, pilose and very notorious, mostly below the leaf, new borne green shoots pubescent with brown felt-like hairs.
Flowers little unisexual: male in clusters of 3 flowers, briefly pedicellate, numerous stamens, male flowers disposed in 3 inflorescences supported by a peduncle about 1 cm long.
Fruit made up by a cupule of 4 narrow valves, in its interior 2 to 3 little yellowish nuts 6 mm long, a little hairy, being the two lower triangular, tri-winged, and the flat internal, bi-winged.
Raulí wood is pinkish with brown-reddish color and has a very fine grain. It is relatively easy to work and of medium weight. It is used in furniture, barrels for very fine Chilean wines, doors, veneers, shingles and floors. It has been introduced as ornamental in Great Britain and it grows well in Western Scotland, where it gets the necessary rainfall for its good growth; minimum 750 mm (30 in). It is very promising as a forestry tree in Western Great Britain and regenerates easily after coppicing.[4]
Young tree.
Leaves.
Flowers.
Frost hardiness study in Britain
Provenance sources from different places from its natural environment were tested in cultivation at the Bush estate in Scotland. Seedlots of Nothofagus alpina and Nothofagus obliqua were tested. The results of the testing in relation to the sources were reported as:
Ñuble in Chile. This was the most equatorial source and these seedlots proved to be the most susceptible to frost.
Neuquen in Argentina. These seedlots, as well as those gathered from mature trees growing in Britain with origins from Malleco in Chile were the most hardy. Overall, Nothofagus alpina performed better than Nothofagus obliqua.
Past temperature records for Britain suggest that seedlots run a high risk of suffering severe frost damage in all but mild coastal regions, and that spring and autumn frosts may be more damaging than winter frosts.[5][6]
Experimental plantations established in Wales suffered severe damage during the 1981–1982 cold wave that swept through Britain.[7]
Other locations
At Nautesund in Norway[8] where the extreme minimum annual temperature is -14 °C, combined with a south-facing exposure, good rainfall, and shelter from polar winds allow specimens of Rauli to grow.
Hybrids
Nothofagus alpina hybridises with Nothofagus obliqua to form the hybrid species Nothofagus × dodecaphleps.[3]
References and external links
^Barstow, M. (2017). "Nothofagus alpina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T34628A67805949. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T34628A67805949.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
^ abHEENAN, PETER B.; SMISSEN, ROB D. (2013). "Revised circumscription of Nothofagus and recognition of the segregate genera Fuscospora, Lophozonia, and Trisyngyne (Nothofagaceae)". Phytotaxa. 146 (1): 131. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.146.1.1. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
^Huxley. A. 1992 The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN0-333-47494-5
^M. B. Murray, M. G. R. Cannell, L. J. Sheppard and R. Lines. 1986. Frost Hardiness of Nothofagus procera (alpina) and Nothofagus obliqua in Britain. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. Forestry Commission, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland.
^"Frost Hardiness of Nothofagus procera and Nothofagus obliqua in Britain". Oxford Journals. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
^. GIT Forestry Consulting. Archived from the original on 2009-06-18. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
Donoso, C. 2005. Árboles nativos de Chile. Guía de reconocimiento. Edición 4. Marisa Cuneo Ediciones, Valdivia, Chile. 136p.
Hoffmann, Adriana. 1998. Flora Silvestre de Chile, Zona Central. Edición 4. Fundación Claudio Gay, Santiago. 254p.
Rodríguez, R. & Quezada, M. 2003. Fagaceae. En C. Marticorena y R. Rodríguez [eds.], Flora de Chile Vol. 2(2), pp 64–76. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción.
Bean. W. 1981 Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray.
External links
Rauli in Encyclopedia of Chilean Flora
Rauli in Chile bosque
Rauli, Description and images from Chile Flora
January 24, 2023
nothofagus, alpina, also, called, rauli, raulí, beech, mapuche, language, species, plant, nothofagaceae, family, deciduous, tree, grows, chile, argentina, reaches, height, more, than, meters, feet, diameter, distribution, goes, from, south, latitude, found, an. Nothofagus alpina also called rauli 2 or rauli beech in Mapuche language is a species of plant in the Nothofagaceae family A deciduous tree it grows in Chile and Argentina it reaches 50 m 160 ft height and more than 2 meters 6 5 feet in diameter Its distribution goes from 35 to 42 South latitude It is found on the Andes It tolerates low temperatures and heavy winds It has a straight and cylindrical trunk with grey bark N alpina was proposed to be renamed Lophozonia alpina in 2013 3 Nothofagus alpinaAdult treeConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder FagalesFamily NothofagaceaeGenus NothofagusSubgenus Nothofagus subg LophozoniaSpecies N alpinaBinomial nameNothofagus alpinaPopp amp Endl SynonymsLophozonia alpina Nothofagus proceraFagus alpina Contents 1 Description 2 Frost hardiness study in Britain 3 Other locations 4 Hybrids 5 References and external links 6 External linksDescription EditMonoecious and leafy Alternate leaves petioles 3 to 12 mm long oblong ovate to lanceolate ovate with glands and hairs regularly distributed undulate margins and softly serrated Lamina 4 to 12 x 2 5 to 5 cm pinnate veins pilose and very notorious mostly below the leaf new borne green shoots pubescent with brown felt like hairs Flowers little unisexual male in clusters of 3 flowers briefly pedicellate numerous stamens male flowers disposed in 3 inflorescences supported by a peduncle about 1 cm long Fruit made up by a cupule of 4 narrow valves in its interior 2 to 3 little yellowish nuts 6 mm long a little hairy being the two lower triangular tri winged and the flat internal bi winged Rauli wood is pinkish with brown reddish color and has a very fine grain It is relatively easy to work and of medium weight It is used in furniture barrels for very fine Chilean wines doors veneers shingles and floors It has been introduced as ornamental in Great Britain and it grows well in Western Scotland where it gets the necessary rainfall for its good growth minimum 750 mm 30 in It is very promising as a forestry tree in Western Great Britain and regenerates easily after coppicing 4 Young tree Leaves Flowers Frost hardiness study in Britain EditProvenance sources from different places from its natural environment were tested in cultivation at the Bush estate in Scotland Seedlots of Nothofagus alpina and Nothofagus obliqua were tested The results of the testing in relation to the sources were reported as Nuble in Chile This was the most equatorial source and these seedlots proved to be the most susceptible to frost Neuquen in Argentina These seedlots as well as those gathered from mature trees growing in Britain with origins from Malleco in Chile were the most hardy Overall Nothofagus alpina performed better than Nothofagus obliqua Past temperature records for Britain suggest that seedlots run a high risk of suffering severe frost damage in all but mild coastal regions and that spring and autumn frosts may be more damaging than winter frosts 5 6 Experimental plantations established in Wales suffered severe damage during the 1981 1982 cold wave that swept through Britain 7 Other locations EditAt Nautesund in Norway 8 where the extreme minimum annual temperature is 14 C combined with a south facing exposure good rainfall and shelter from polar winds allow specimens of Rauli to grow Hybrids EditNothofagus alpina hybridises with Nothofagus obliqua to form the hybrid species Nothofagus dodecaphleps 3 References and external links Edit Barstow M 2017 Nothofagus alpina IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T34628A67805949 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 3 RLTS T34628A67805949 en Retrieved 16 November 2021 BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 a b HEENAN PETER B SMISSEN ROB D 2013 Revised circumscription of Nothofagus and recognition of the segregate genera Fuscospora Lophozonia and Trisyngyne Nothofagaceae Phytotaxa 146 1 131 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 146 1 1 Retrieved 31 May 2015 Huxley A 1992 The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN 0 333 47494 5 M B Murray M G R Cannell L J Sheppard and R Lines 1986 Frost Hardiness of Nothofagus procera alpina and Nothofagus obliqua in Britain Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Bush Estate Penicuik Midlothian Scotland Forestry Commission Northern Research Station Roslin Midlothian Scotland Frost Hardiness of Nothofagus procera and Nothofagus obliqua in Britain Oxford Journals Archived from the original on 2013 04 15 Retrieved 2010 03 19 Danby N P 1991 Nothofagus in Wales Quarterly Journal of Forestry LXXXV 2 103 116 Rauli in Norway GIT Forestry Consulting Archived from the original on 2009 06 18 Retrieved 2009 06 27 Donoso C 2005 Arboles nativos de Chile Guia de reconocimiento Edicion 4 Marisa Cuneo Ediciones Valdivia Chile 136p Hoffmann Adriana 1998 Flora Silvestre de Chile Zona Central Edicion 4 Fundacion Claudio Gay Santiago 254p Rodriguez R amp Quezada M 2003 Fagaceae En C Marticorena y R Rodriguez eds Flora de Chile Vol 2 2 pp 64 76 Universidad de Concepcion Concepcion Bean W 1981 Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain Vol 1 4 and Supplement Murray External links EditRauli in Encyclopedia of Chilean Flora Rauli in Chile bosque Rauli Description and images from Chile Flora Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nothofagus alpina amp oldid 1123151907, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
