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Aerial tramway

January 09, 2023

This article is about aerial cable shuttle transport. For aerial cable transport that travels around a looped track, see gondola lift.

An aerial tramway, sky tram, cable car, ropeway, aerial tram, telepherique, or seilbahn is a type of aerial lift which uses one or two stationary ropes for support while a third moving rope provides propulsion.[1][failed verification] With this form of lift, the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion rope and cannot be decoupled from it during operations. In comparison to gondola lifts, aerial tramways generally provide lower line capacities and higher wait times.[2]

The Portland Aerial Tram in Portland, Oregon, USA
Aerial tramway in Engadin, Switzerland, suspended on two track cables with an additional haulage rope.

Terminology

Because of the proliferation of such systems in the Alpine regions of Europe, the French and German names, téléphérique and Seilbahn, respectively, are often also used in an English language context. Cable car is the usual term in British English, as in British English the word tramway generally refers to a railed street tramway while in American English, cable car may additionally refer to a cable-pulled street tramway with detachable vehicles; e.g., San Francisco's cable cars. As such, careful phrasing is necessary to prevent confusion.

It is also sometimes called a ropeway or even incorrectly referred to as a gondola lift. A gondola lift has cabins suspended from a continuously circulating cable whereas aerial trams simply shuttle back and forth on cables. In Japan, the two are considered as the same category of vehicle and called ropeway, while the term cable car refers to both grounded cable cars and funiculars. An aerial railway where the vehicles are suspended from a fixed track (as opposed to a cable) is known as a suspension railway.

Overview

An aerial tramway consists of one or two fixed cables (called track cables), one loop of cable (called a haulage rope), and one or two passenger or cargo cabins. The fixed cables provide support for the cabins while the haulage rope, by means of a grip, is solidly connected to the truck (the wheel set that rolls on the track cables). An electric motor drives the haulage rope which provides propulsion. Aerial tramways are constructed as reversible systems; vehicles shuttling back and forth between two end terminals and propelled by a cable loop which stops and reverses direction when the cabins arrive at the end stations. Aerial tramways differ from gondola lifts in that gondola lifts are considered continuous systems (cabins attached onto a circulating haul rope that moves continuously).[3]

 
An aerial tramway across the Yangtze river in the Chongqing CBD

Two-car tramways use a jig-back system: a large electric motor is located at the bottom of the tramway so that it effectively pulls one cabin down, using that cabin's weight to help pull the other cabin up. A similar system of cables is used in a funicular railway. The two passenger or cargo cabins, which carry from 4 to over 150 people, are situated at opposite ends of the loops of cable. Thus, while one is coming up, the other is going down the mountain, and they pass each other midway on the cable span.

Some aerial trams have only one cabin, which lends itself better for systems with small elevation changes along the cable run.

History

The first design of an aerial lift was by Croatian polymath Fausto Veranzio and the first operational aerial tram was built in 1644 by Adam Wiebe in Gdańsk.[4] It was moved by horses and used to move soil over the river to build defences.[5] It is called the first known cable lift in European history and precedes the invention of steel cables. It is not known how long this lift was used. In any case, it would be another 230 years before Germany would get the second cable lift, this newer version equipped with iron wire cable.[6]

In mining

See also: Ropeway conveyor
 
Cableway from abandoned coal mine in Adventdalen to Longyearbyen, Svalbard (Norway)

Tramways are sometimes used in mountainous regions to carry ore from a mine located high on the mountain to an ore mill located at a lower elevation. Ore tramways were common in the early 20th century at the mines in North and South America. One can still be seen in the San Juan Mountains of the US state of Colorado.

Other firms entered the mining tramway business—Otto, Leschen, Breco Ropeways Ltd., Ceretti and Tanfani, and Riblet for instance. A major British contributor was Bullivant who became a constituent of British Ropes in 1924.[7][8]

Moving people

 
Cable car in the Mount Ulia
 
Cable car in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

In the beginning of the 20th century the rise of the middle class and the leisure industry allowed for investment in sight-seeing machines. Prior to 1893 a combined goods and passenger carrying cableway was installed at Gibraltar. Initially its passengers were military personnel. An 1893 industry publication said of a two-mile system in Hong Kong that it "is the only wire tramway which has been erected exclusively for the carriage of individuals" (albeit workmen).[9] After the pioneer cable car of 1907 at Mount Ulia[10][11][12][13] (San Sebastián, Spain) by Leonardo Torres y Quevedo and the Wetterhorn Elevator (Grindelwald, Switzerland) in 1908,[14] others to the top of high peaks in the Alps of Austria, Germany and Switzerland resulted. They were much cheaper to build than the earlier rack railway.

One of the first trams was at Chamonix, while others in Switzerland, and Garmisch soon followed. From this, it was a natural transposition to build ski lifts and chairlifts. The first cable car in North America was at Cannon Mountain in Franconia, New Hampshire in 1938.[15]

Many aerial tramways were built by Von Roll Ltd. of Switzerland, which has since been acquired by Austrian lift manufacturer Doppelmayr. Other German, Swiss, and Austrian firms played an important role in the cable car business: Bleichert, Heckel, Pohlig, PHB (Pohlig-Heckel-Bleichert), Garaventa and Waagner-Biró. Now there are three groups dominating the world market: Doppelmayr Garaventa Group, Leitner Group, and Poma, the last two being owned by one person.

Some aerial tramways have their own propulsion, such as the Lasso Mule or the Josef Mountain Aerial Tramway near Merano, Italy.

Urban transport

 
A Roosevelt Island Tram car in operation

While typically used for ski resorts, aerial tramways have been ported over for usage in the urban environment in recent times. The Roosevelt Island Tramway in New York City, the Cable cars in Haifa Israel and the Portland Aerial Tram are examples where this technology has been successfully adapted for public transport purposes.

Telpherage

The telpherage concept was first publicised in 1883 and several experimental lines were constructed. It was designed to compete not with railways, but with horses and carts.[16]

The first commercial telpherage line was in Glynde, which is in Sussex, England. It was built to connect a newly opened clay pit to the local railway station and opened in 1885.[16]

Double deckers

There are aerial tramways with double deck cabins. The Vanoise Express cable car carries 200 people in each cabin at a height of 380 m (1,247 ft) over the Ponturin gorge in France. The Shinhotaka Ropeway carries 121 people in each cabin at Mount Hotaka in Japan. The CabriO cable car to the summit of the Stanserhorn in Switzerland carries 60 persons, with the upper floor accommodating 30 people in the open air.[17]

Records

 
World's longest functioning aerial tramway 1987–2013: Forsby-Köping
 
Wings of Tatev, Armenia, the world's longest reversible cable car line of one section
 
Masada cableway has the world's lowest station

List of accidents

See also: Gondola lift § List of accidents

Despite the introduction of various safety measures (back-up power generators, evacuation plans, etc.) there have been several serious incidents on aerial tramways, some of which were fatal.

  • August 29, 1961: A military plane split the hauling cable of the Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway on the Aiguille du Midi in the Mont Blanc massif: six people killed.
  • July 9, 1974: Ulriksbanen is an aerial tramway in Bergen, Norway, operated by a tow rope, which hauls it, and a carrying rope. On 9 July 1974, as the carriage reached its destination at the top station and just as the carriage operator was about to open the doors, the tow rope broke. The carriage operator was thrown into the back of the vehicle, preventing him from reaching the emergency brake. The carriage began whizzing down the still intact carrying rope, gathering speed quickly and approaching the first vertical mast about 70 meters away. Because the tow rope was broken, it was no longer taut at the point where it crossed over the mast — as the carriage crossed the mast, the broken tow rope jammed up and caused the carriage to jump off the carrying rope and begin to free-fall straight down towards the ground 15 meters below. The carriage crashed to the ground on a downslope, causing the carriage to careen down the mountainside a further 30 meters before it was crushed up against some boulders, finally coming to a stop. Four of the eight occupants were killed.[25]
  • March 9, 1976: In the Italian Dolomites at Cavalese, a cab fell after a rope broke, killing 43. (See Cavalese cable car disaster (1976))
  • April 15, 1978: In a storm, two carrying ropes of the Squaw Valley Aerial Tramway in California fell from the aerial tramway support tower. One of the ropes partly destroyed the cabin. Four were killed, 32 injured.
  • June 1, 1990: Twenty were killed and fifteen injured after a hauling rope broke in the 1990 Tbilisi Cable car accident
  • February 3, 1998: U.S. Marine Corps EA-6B Prowler jets severed the cable of an aerial ropeway in Cavalese, Italy, killing 20 people. (See Cavalese cable car disaster (1998))
  • July 1, 1999: Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy, France. An aerial tramway car detached from the cable it was traveling on and fell 80 metres (260 ft) to the valley floor, killing all 20 occupants. The majority were employees and contractors of an international astronomical observatory run by the Institut de Radioastronomie Millémétrique. (See Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car disaster)
  • October 19, 2003: Four were killed and 11 injured when three cars slipped off the cable of the Darjeeling Ropeway.
  • April 2, 2004: In Yerevan, Armenia on an urban cable car one of the two cabins derailed from the steel track cable and fell 15 m (49 ft) to the ground killing five, including two Iranian citizens, and injuring 11 others. The second cabin slammed onto the lower station injuring three people.[26]
  • October 9, 2004: Crash of a cabin of the Grünberg aerial tramway in Gmunden, Austria. Many injuries.
  • December 31, 2012: The Alyeska Resort Aerial Tramway was blown sideways while operating in high winds and was impaled on the tower guide, severely damaging the contacting cabin. Only minor injuries were incurred.
  • December 4, 2018, an exterior panel of the Portland Aerial Tram dropped at least 100 feet (30 m) and struck a pedestrian walking below.[27]
  • May 23, 2021: 14 people were killed when a cable failed at 300 m from the top of the Mottarone mountain.[28]
  • October 21, 2021: One person died after a cable car cabin became detached from its cable at the Ještěd mountain in Liberec, Czech Republic.[29]

Gallery

Cableways in fiction

See also

References

  1. ^ . The Gondola Project. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  2. ^ "Basic Lesson 3: Aerial Trams & Funiculars". The Gondola Project. November 13, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  3. ^ Edward S. Neumann. (PDF). Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 14, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  4. ^ a b Hoffman, K.; Zrnić, Nenad (2012). Koetsier, Teun; Ceccarelli, Marco (eds.). Explorations in the history of machines and mechanisms : proceedings of HMM2012. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 387. ISBN 9789400741324.
  5. ^ . Rzygacz.webd.pl. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  6. ^ . goDutch. Archived from the original on December 18, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  7. ^ "File:Gibraltar Aerial Railway equipped by Bullivant in Going to the Isle of Dogs Tracts vol 9 p255.jpg – Wikimedia Commons". Commons.wikimedia.org. December 10, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  8. ^ . Isle of Dogs Heritage & History. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013.
  9. ^ Going to the Isle of Dogs by Lesser Columbus, Bullivant & Co. 1893 page 10. This item can be accessed through an original held by the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers
  10. ^ "Un transbordador pionero 1907". December 1, 1997.
  11. ^ "Instituto Geografico Vasco "Andres de Urdaneta" Euskal Geografi Elkargoa (ingeba)". ingeba.org.
  12. ^ "Ferrocarril del Monte Ulia – San Sebastián". Spanish Railway. May 5, 2012.
  13. ^ "Teleférico – Casiopea" (in Spanish). June 3, 2011.
  14. ^ The first aerial cableway, blog of the Swiss National Museum
  15. ^ . New Hampshire Department of Resources and Economic Development. 2008. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015.
  16. ^ a b Lusted, A., 1985: The Electric Telpherage Railway. Glynde Archivist 2:16–28.
  17. ^ "Switzerland launches the world's first Cabrio aerial cableway". Swisstravelsystem.com. Retrieved January 2, 2016.[permanent dead link]
  18. ^ "La Teleferica Massaua-Asmara". Trainweb.org. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  19. ^ Widén, E. G. A. (1943). The ropeway Kristineberg-Boliden : A record ropeway construction. Stockholm: Nordströms linbanor.
  20. ^ . Privat.bahnhof.se. Archived from the original on January 24, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  21. ^ . BayJournal for Moreton Bay. February 19, 2007. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012.
  22. ^ "Technical data". Maennlichen.ch. GGM/LWM. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  23. ^ "World's longest cable car line opens to Armenia". Physorg.com. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  24. ^ "Guinness World Record for Longest Non-stop Double Track Cable Car". guinnessworldrecords.com. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
  25. ^ "Ulykken som ingen trodde kunne skje (Norwegian)". nrk.no. July 9, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  26. ^ "Four Killed In Cable Car Crash In Yerevan". azatutyun.am. Retrieved April 2, 2004.
  27. ^ Sparling, Zane. "Design flaw blamed for Portland Aerial Tram incident". pamplinmedia.com.
  28. ^ "Italy cable car fall: Nine dead after accident near Lake Maggiore". BBC News. May 23, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2021.
  29. ^ Reuters, Story by (October 31, 2021). "One killed in Czech cable car accident". CNN.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aerial tramway.
  • Aerial Tramways (worldwide) Lift-Database
  • at Colorado School of Mines
  • Tatever ropeway – is the aerial ropeway to the natural and historic treasures of Syunik.

January 09, 2023
aerial, tramway, this, article, about, aerial, cable, shuttle, transport, aerial, cable, transport, that, travels, around, looped, track, gondola, lift, aerial, tramway, tram, cable, ropeway, aerial, tram, telepherique, seilbahn, type, aerial, lift, which, use. This article is about aerial cable shuttle transport For aerial cable transport that travels around a looped track see gondola lift An aerial tramway sky tram cable car ropeway aerial tram telepherique or seilbahn is a type of aerial lift which uses one or two stationary ropes for support while a third moving rope provides propulsion 1 failed verification With this form of lift the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion rope and cannot be decoupled from it during operations In comparison to gondola lifts aerial tramways generally provide lower line capacities and higher wait times 2 The Portland Aerial Tram in Portland Oregon USA Aerial tramway in Engadin Switzerland suspended on two track cables with an additional haulage rope The Port Vell Aerial Tramway in Barcelona Spain Contents 1 Terminology 2 Overview 3 History 3 1 In mining 3 2 Moving people 3 3 Urban transport 3 4 Telpherage 3 5 Double deckers 4 Records 5 List of accidents 6 Gallery 7 Cableways in fiction 8 See also 9 References 10 External linksTerminology EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Because of the proliferation of such systems in the Alpine regions of Europe the French and German names telepherique and Seilbahn respectively are often also used in an English language context Cable car is the usual term in British English as in British English the word tramway generally refers to a railed street tramway while in American English cable car may additionally refer to a cable pulled street tramway with detachable vehicles e g San Francisco s cable cars As such careful phrasing is necessary to prevent confusion It is also sometimes called a ropeway or even incorrectly referred to as a gondola lift A gondola lift has cabins suspended from a continuously circulating cable whereas aerial trams simply shuttle back and forth on cables In Japan the two are considered as the same category of vehicle and called ropeway while the term cable car refers to both grounded cable cars and funiculars An aerial railway where the vehicles are suspended from a fixed track as opposed to a cable is known as a suspension railway Overview EditAn aerial tramway consists of one or two fixed cables called track cables one loop of cable called a haulage rope and one or two passenger or cargo cabins The fixed cables provide support for the cabins while the haulage rope by means of a grip is solidly connected to the truck the wheel set that rolls on the track cables An electric motor drives the haulage rope which provides propulsion Aerial tramways are constructed as reversible systems vehicles shuttling back and forth between two end terminals and propelled by a cable loop which stops and reverses direction when the cabins arrive at the end stations Aerial tramways differ from gondola lifts in that gondola lifts are considered continuous systems cabins attached onto a circulating haul rope that moves continuously 3 An aerial tramway across the Yangtze river in the Chongqing CBD Two car tramways use a jig back system a large electric motor is located at the bottom of the tramway so that it effectively pulls one cabin down using that cabin s weight to help pull the other cabin up A similar system of cables is used in a funicular railway The two passenger or cargo cabins which carry from 4 to over 150 people are situated at opposite ends of the loops of cable Thus while one is coming up the other is going down the mountain and they pass each other midway on the cable span Some aerial trams have only one cabin which lends itself better for systems with small elevation changes along the cable run History EditThe first design of an aerial lift was by Croatian polymath Fausto Veranzio and the first operational aerial tram was built in 1644 by Adam Wiebe in Gdansk 4 It was moved by horses and used to move soil over the river to build defences 5 It is called the first known cable lift in European history and precedes the invention of steel cables It is not known how long this lift was used In any case it would be another 230 years before Germany would get the second cable lift this newer version equipped with iron wire cable 6 In mining Edit See also Ropeway conveyor Cableway from abandoned coal mine in Adventdalen to Longyearbyen Svalbard Norway Tramways are sometimes used in mountainous regions to carry ore from a mine located high on the mountain to an ore mill located at a lower elevation Ore tramways were common in the early 20th century at the mines in North and South America One can still be seen in the San Juan Mountains of the US state of Colorado Other firms entered the mining tramway business Otto Leschen Breco Ropeways Ltd Ceretti and Tanfani and Riblet for instance A major British contributor was Bullivant who became a constituent of British Ropes in 1924 7 8 Moving people Edit Cable car in the Mount Ulia Cable car in Rio de Janeiro Brazil In the beginning of the 20th century the rise of the middle class and the leisure industry allowed for investment in sight seeing machines Prior to 1893 a combined goods and passenger carrying cableway was installed at Gibraltar Initially its passengers were military personnel An 1893 industry publication said of a two mile system in Hong Kong that it is the only wire tramway which has been erected exclusively for the carriage of individuals albeit workmen 9 After the pioneer cable car of 1907 at Mount Ulia 10 11 12 13 San Sebastian Spain by Leonardo Torres y Quevedo and the Wetterhorn Elevator Grindelwald Switzerland in 1908 14 others to the top of high peaks in the Alps of Austria Germany and Switzerland resulted They were much cheaper to build than the earlier rack railway One of the first trams was at Chamonix while others in Switzerland and Garmisch soon followed From this it was a natural transposition to build ski lifts and chairlifts The first cable car in North America was at Cannon Mountain in Franconia New Hampshire in 1938 15 Many aerial tramways were built by Von Roll Ltd of Switzerland which has since been acquired by Austrian lift manufacturer Doppelmayr Other German Swiss and Austrian firms played an important role in the cable car business Bleichert Heckel Pohlig PHB Pohlig Heckel Bleichert Garaventa and Waagner Biro Now there are three groups dominating the world market Doppelmayr Garaventa Group Leitner Group and Poma the last two being owned by one person Some aerial tramways have their own propulsion such as the Lasso Mule or the Josef Mountain Aerial Tramway near Merano Italy Urban transport Edit A Roosevelt Island Tram car in operation While typically used for ski resorts aerial tramways have been ported over for usage in the urban environment in recent times The Roosevelt Island Tramway in New York City the Cable cars in Haifa Israel and the Portland Aerial Tram are examples where this technology has been successfully adapted for public transport purposes Telpherage Edit The telpherage concept was first publicised in 1883 and several experimental lines were constructed It was designed to compete not with railways but with horses and carts 16 The first commercial telpherage line was in Glynde which is in Sussex England It was built to connect a newly opened clay pit to the local railway station and opened in 1885 16 Double deckers Edit There are aerial tramways with double deck cabins The Vanoise Express cable car carries 200 people in each cabin at a height of 380 m 1 247 ft over the Ponturin gorge in France The Shinhotaka Ropeway carries 121 people in each cabin at Mount Hotaka in Japan The CabriO cable car to the summit of the Stanserhorn in Switzerland carries 60 persons with the upper floor accommodating 30 people in the open air 17 Shinhotaka Ropeway Stanserhorn cabriolet ropeway with adapted pylonRecords EditThis article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Aerial tramway news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message World s longest functioning aerial tramway 1987 2013 Forsby Koping Wings of Tatev Armenia the world s longest reversible cable car line of one section Masada cableway has the world s lowest station First Adam Wybe s construction in Gdansk 1644 4 It was the first rope railway with many supports and the biggest built until the end of 19th century Longest at time of building and years operated 35 km 22 mi 1906 1927 Chilecito Mina La Mejicana Argentina 34 3 km or 21 3 mi and 0 86 km or 0 53 mi branch 39 km 24 mi 1925 1950 Durcal Motril Spain 33 4 km or 20 8 mi and 5 5 km or 3 4 mi branch 75 km 47 mi 1937 1941 Asmara Massawa Eritrea 71 8 km or 44 6 mi and 3 km or 1 9 mi branch technically a Funifor 18 96 km 60 mi 1943 1987 Kristineberg Boliden Sweden 13 2 km 8 2 mi still working as Norsjo aerial ropeway 19 Second longest 76 km 47 mi 1959 1986 Moanda Mbinda Gabon Republic of Congo Longest over water 1 0 km 0 62 mi 1906 the same century Thio New Caledonia ship loading 2 4 km 1 5 mi 1941 2006 Forsby Koping limestone cableway Sweden crossing of Hjalmaren strait 42 km system 20 3 0 km 1 9 mi 2007 Nha Trang City Vinpearl Land Hon Tre Island Vietnam Total length 3 3 km 21 Longest currently operational 13 2 km 8 2 mi Norsjo aerial tramway Menstrask Bjurfors in Norsjo Sweden Passenger tramway a section of the former 96 km Kristineberg Boliden industrial ropeway 12 5 km 7 8 mi Merida cable car Merida Venezuela 6 07 km 3 77 mi Grindelwald Mannlichen gondola cableway Switzerland 22 5 7 km 3 5 mi Wings of Tatev Armenia the world s longest reversible cable car line of one section 23 24 4 94 km 3 07 mi Medeu Shimbulak tramway near Almaty Kazakhstan 4 35 km 2 70 mi Sandia Peak Tramway reversible tramway in Albuquerque New Mexico Highest lift Palm Springs Aerial Tramway the largest rotating aerial tramway in the world3 374 m 11 070 ft from 1 074 to 4 448 m 3 524 to 14 593 ft at Chilecito Mina La Mejicana Argentina drops back to 4 404 m or 14 449 ft at upper terminal Highest lift currently operational 3188 m 10 459 ft from 1 577 MSL to 4 765 MSL 5 174 FAMSL to 15 633 FAMSL Merida cable car Venezuela Highest station Greater than 5 874 m 19 272 ft 1935 19 Aucanquilcha Chile Lowest station 257 m 843 ft below sea level Masada cableway Israel Tallest support tower 214 8 m 704 7 ft Cat Hai Phu Long cable car Vietnam As mass transit The Roosevelt Island Tramway in New York City was the first aerial tramway in North America used by commuters as a mode of mass transit See Transportation in New York City Passengers pay with the same farecard used for the New York City Subway The Portland Aerial Tram in Portland Oregon was opened in January 2007 and became the second public transportation aerial tramway in North America In Medellin Colombia both the Metro and the recent Metrocable aerial tramway addition can be used while paying a single fare Largest rotating cars Palm Springs Aerial Tramway in Palm Springs California List of accidents EditSee also Gondola lift List of accidents Despite the introduction of various safety measures back up power generators evacuation plans etc there have been several serious incidents on aerial tramways some of which were fatal August 29 1961 A military plane split the hauling cable of the Vallee Blanche Aerial Tramway on the Aiguille du Midi in the Mont Blanc massif six people killed July 9 1974 Ulriksbanen is an aerial tramway in Bergen Norway operated by a tow rope which hauls it and a carrying rope On 9 July 1974 as the carriage reached its destination at the top station and just as the carriage operator was about to open the doors the tow rope broke The carriage operator was thrown into the back of the vehicle preventing him from reaching the emergency brake The carriage began whizzing down the still intact carrying rope gathering speed quickly and approaching the first vertical mast about 70 meters away Because the tow rope was broken it was no longer taut at the point where it crossed over the mast as the carriage crossed the mast the broken tow rope jammed up and caused the carriage to jump off the carrying rope and begin to free fall straight down towards the ground 15 meters below The carriage crashed to the ground on a downslope causing the carriage to careen down the mountainside a further 30 meters before it was crushed up against some boulders finally coming to a stop Four of the eight occupants were killed 25 March 9 1976 In the Italian Dolomites at Cavalese a cab fell after a rope broke killing 43 See Cavalese cable car disaster 1976 April 15 1978 In a storm two carrying ropes of the Squaw Valley Aerial Tramway in California fell from the aerial tramway support tower One of the ropes partly destroyed the cabin Four were killed 32 injured June 1 1990 Twenty were killed and fifteen injured after a hauling rope broke in the 1990 Tbilisi Cable car accident February 3 1998 U S Marine Corps EA 6B Prowler jets severed the cable of an aerial ropeway in Cavalese Italy killing 20 people See Cavalese cable car disaster 1998 July 1 1999 Saint Etienne en Devoluy France An aerial tramway car detached from the cable it was traveling on and fell 80 metres 260 ft to the valley floor killing all 20 occupants The majority were employees and contractors of an international astronomical observatory run by the Institut de Radioastronomie Millemetrique See Saint Etienne en Devoluy cable car disaster October 19 2003 Four were killed and 11 injured when three cars slipped off the cable of the Darjeeling Ropeway April 2 2004 In Yerevan Armenia on an urban cable car one of the two cabins derailed from the steel track cable and fell 15 m 49 ft to the ground killing five including two Iranian citizens and injuring 11 others The second cabin slammed onto the lower station injuring three people 26 October 9 2004 Crash of a cabin of the Grunberg aerial tramway in Gmunden Austria Many injuries December 31 2012 The Alyeska Resort Aerial Tramway was blown sideways while operating in high winds and was impaled on the tower guide severely damaging the contacting cabin Only minor injuries were incurred December 4 2018 an exterior panel of the Portland Aerial Tram dropped at least 100 feet 30 m and struck a pedestrian walking below 27 May 23 2021 14 people were killed when a cable failed at 300 m from the top of the Mottarone mountain 28 October 21 2021 One person died after a cable car cabin became detached from its cable at the Jested mountain in Liberec Czech Republic 29 Gallery Edit Adam Wybe s cable car in Gdansk Etching by Willem Hondius Cable cars pass mid stream on the Sandia Peak Tramway in Albuquerque New Mexico Testa Grigia aerial tramway in Cervinia Italy moves skiers to 3480 m glacier The rotating construction of the Titlis gondola provides passengers better view The rotating Table Mountain Aerial Cableway is designed to give passengers a 360 view Ropeway conveyor for limestone transportation in Sweden The lowest cable is used for pulling The middle cable supports the weight of gondola Cableways in fiction Edit Ascension Blind Fury Get Carter coal spoil conveyor Blackhall Beach near Blackhall Colliery Electric City web series The Haunting of Tram Car 015 P Djeli Clark Hoodwinked Kongfrontation Moonraker film Nighthawks 1981 film Night Train to Munich Nitrome s Skywire games On Her Majesty s Secret Service film Where Eagles Dare ZootopiaSee also EditAerial lift Aerial lift pylon Blondin quarry equipment Cable car Cable ferry Cable transport Chairlift COMILOG Cableway in Moanda Funitel Funicular Gondola lift Hallidie ropeway List of aerial tramways List of aerial lift manufacturers List of spans Riblet Tramway Company Roosevelt Island Tramway Ropeway Skiing and Skiing Topics Transport Transporter bridge Zip lineReferences Edit Aerial Technologies Lesson 5 Aerial Trams The Gondola Project Archived from the original on May 17 2017 Retrieved January 2 2016 Basic Lesson 3 Aerial Trams amp Funiculars The Gondola Project November 13 2009 Retrieved January 2 2016 Edward S Neumann Cable Propelled Systems in Urban Environments PDF Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries Archived from the original PDF on March 14 2012 Retrieved January 2 2015 a b Hoffman K Zrnic Nenad 2012 Koetsier Teun Ceccarelli Marco eds Explorations in the history of machines and mechanisms proceedings of HMM2012 Dordrecht Springer p 387 ISBN 9789400741324 Adam Wijbe Galeria Wielkich Zapomnianych Wydzial Postaciologii Rzygacz webd pl Archived from the original on December 8 2015 Retrieved January 2 2016 Cable lift pioneer from Harlingen built Gdansk bastion and dikes The Windmill news articles goDutch Archived from the original on December 18 2010 Retrieved January 2 2016 File Gibraltar Aerial Railway equipped by Bullivant in Going to the Isle of Dogs Tracts vol 9 p255 jpg Wikimedia Commons Commons wikimedia org December 10 2013 Retrieved January 2 2016 Images in Bullivant amp Co Isle of Dogs Heritage amp History Archived from the original on December 13 2013 Going to the Isle of Dogs by Lesser Columbus Bullivant amp Co 1893 page 10 This item can be accessed through an original held by the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers Un transbordador pionero 1907 December 1 1997 Instituto Geografico Vasco Andres de Urdaneta Euskal Geografi Elkargoa ingeba ingeba org Ferrocarril del Monte Ulia San Sebastian Spanish Railway May 5 2012 Teleferico Casiopea in Spanish June 3 2011 The first aerial cableway blog of the Swiss National Museum A Rich History 75 years in the making New Hampshire Department of Resources and Economic Development 2008 Archived from the original on July 2 2015 a b Lusted A 1985 The Electric Telpherage Railway Glynde Archivist 2 16 28 Switzerland launches the world s first Cabrio aerial cableway Swisstravelsystem com Retrieved January 2 2016 permanent dead link La Teleferica Massaua Asmara Trainweb org Retrieved January 2 2016 Widen E G A 1943 The ropeway Kristineberg Boliden A record ropeway construction Stockholm Nordstroms linbanor Linbanan Forsby Koping Privat bahnhof se Archived from the original on January 24 2016 Retrieved January 2 2016 Island Travel longest cable car over water BayJournal for Moreton Bay February 19 2007 Archived from the original on March 30 2012 Technical data Maennlichen ch GGM LWM Retrieved July 16 2018 World s longest cable car line opens to Armenia Physorg com Retrieved January 2 2016 Guinness World Record for Longest Non stop Double Track Cable Car guinnessworldrecords com Retrieved October 16 2010 Ulykken som ingen trodde kunne skje Norwegian nrk no July 9 2014 Retrieved March 14 2019 Four Killed In Cable Car Crash In Yerevan azatutyun am Retrieved April 2 2004 Sparling Zane Design flaw blamed for Portland Aerial Tram incident pamplinmedia com Italy cable car fall Nine dead after accident near Lake Maggiore BBC News May 23 2021 Retrieved May 23 2021 Reuters Story by October 31 2021 One killed in Czech cable car accident CNN External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aerial tramway Aerial Tramways worldwide Lift Database Information Center for Ropeway Studies at Colorado School of Mines Tatever ropeway is the aerial ropeway to the natural and historic treasures of Syunik Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aerial tramway amp oldid 1121502781, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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