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Adiantum capillus-veneris

January 01, 1970

Adiantum capillus-veneris, the Southern maidenhair fern, black maidenhair fern, maidenhair fern,[3] and venus hair fern, is a species of ferns in the genus Adiantum and the family Pteridaceae[4] with a subcosmopolitan worldwide distribution. It is cultivated as a popular garden fern and houseplant.[5]

Adiantum capillus-veneris

Secure  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Pteridaceae
Genus: Adiantum
Species:
A. capillus-veneris
Binomial name
Adiantum capillus-veneris

Distribution edit

Adiantum capillus-veneris is native to the southern half of the United States from California to the Atlantic coast, through Mexico and Central America, to South America. It is also native to Eurasia, the Levant in Western Asia, and Australasia.[5][6][7] There are two disjunct occurrences in the northern part of North America: at Cascade Springs in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Fairmont Hot Springs, British Columbia. In both instances, the warm microclimate created by hot mineral springs permits the growth of the plant far north of its normal range. It is similar in Zvonce spa resort (Звоначка Бања, Zvonačka Banja), near Pirot in Serbia, where hot mineral springs provide adequate heat and humidity for the survival of this species.[8]

It is found in temperate climates from warm-temperate to tropical, where the moisture content is high but not saturating, in the moist, well-drained sand, loam or limestone of many habitats, including rainforests, shrub and woodlands, broadleaf and coniferous forests, and desert cliff seeps, and springs. It often may be seen growing on moist, sheltered and shaded sandstone or limestone formations, generally south-facing in the southern hemisphere, north-facing in the north, or in gorges.[5] It occurs throughout Africa in moist places by streams.[9] On moist sandstone cliffs it grows in full or partial shade, even when unprotected.[10]

 
Adiantum capillus-veneris foliage texture.
 
In limestone cliff seep habitat, Judean Desert, Israel.

Description edit

Adiantum capillus-veneris grows from 6 to 12 in (15 to 30 cm) in height; its fronds arising in clusters from creeping rhizomes 8 to 27.5 in (20 to 70 cm) tall, with very delicate, light green fronds much subdivided into pinnae 0.2 to 0.4 in (5 to 10 mm) long and broad; the frond rachis is black and wiry.[5][7]

Cultivation edit

Adiantum capillus-veneris is cultivated and widely available around the world for planting in natural landscape native plants and traditional shade gardens, for outdoor container gardens, and commonly as an indoor houseplant.

Adiantum × mairisii is a winter hardy hybrid of Adiantum capillus-veneris with another species, which is likely to be one of Adiantum raddianum, Adiantum aethiopicum, or Adiantum cuneatum.[11]

As a houseplant, Adiantum capillus-veneris requires filtered light and very humid conditions. It should be grown in soil rich in organic matter and should be watered frequently but lightly, to keep the roots damp but not drenched. The temperature should not fall below 12 °C (54 °F). It is propagated by dividing, making sure each clump has a section of rhizome.[12]

Conservation edit

The fern is listed as an endangered species in North Carolina (as southern maidenhair-fern) and threatened species in Kentucky (as venus hair fern), due to loss of Appalachian habitat.

Traditional uses edit

This plant is used medicinally by Native Americans. The Mahuna people use the plant internally for rheumatism,[13] and the Navajo people of Kayenta, AZ use an infusion of the plant as a lotion for bumblebee and centipede stings.[14] The Navajo people also smoke it or take it internally to treat mental illness.[14]

In the traditional medicine of Iran, frond infusion of Adiantum capillus-veneris is used for jaundice therapy.[15] Along with this, they have a wide range of medicinal uses and have been used to treat coughs, cold, and to aid in kidney function.[16]

References edit

  1. ^ Lansdown, R.V. & Bilz, M. (2018). "Adiantum capillus-veneris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T164082A67770327. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T164082A67770327.en. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  2. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0 - Adiantum capillus-veneris Southern Maidenhair Fern". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  3. ^ (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
  5. ^ a b c d Wildflower.org-NPIN: Adiantum capillus-veneris (Southern maidenhair fern) . accessed 4.04.2011
  6. ^ The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill
  7. ^ a b Cundall. P., (2004) Native Plants:The definitive guide to Australian plants, Global Book Publishing Lane Cove, N.S.W, p.298, ISBN 978-1-74048-027-7
  8. ^ "Zaštićeno jedino stanište venerine vlasi u Srbiji" [The Only Habitat of the Venus Hair Fern in Serbia is Now Protected]. Pirotske Vesti (in Serbian). 11 December 2015.
  9. ^ Sim, Thomas Robertson (1915). The Ferns of South Africa. London & Edinburgh: Cambridge University Press.
  10. ^ Roux, J.P. (1979). Cape Peninsula Ferns. Kirstenbosch: National Botanic Gardens of South Africa. ISBN 978-0-620-03775-4.
  11. ^ "Pacific Horticulture | Pacific Plant Promotions: Adiantum xmairisii". Pacific Horticulture. Retrieved 2021-07-21.
  12. ^ Chiusoli, Alessandro; Boriani, Luisa Maria (1986). Simon & Schuster's guide to houseplants. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0671631314.
  13. ^ Romero, John Bruno 1954 The Botanical Lore of the California Indians. New York. Vantage Press, Inc. (p. 60)
  14. ^ a b Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris 1951 The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho. Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press (p. 14)
  15. ^ Tewari, Devesh; Mocan, Andrei; Parvanov, Emil D.; Sah, Archana N.; Nabavi, Seyed M.; Huminiecki, Lukasz; Ma, Zheng Feei; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Horbańczuk, Jarosław O.; Atanasov, Atanas G. (2017). "Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice: Part I". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 8: 518. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00518. PMC 5559545. PMID 28860989.
  16. ^ Al Snafi, Ali (2015). "The Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology. 5 (2).

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adiantum capillus-veneris.

January 01, 1970
adiantum, capillus, veneris, southern, maidenhair, fern, black, maidenhair, fern, maidenhair, fern, venus, hair, fern, species, ferns, genus, adiantum, family, pteridaceae, with, subcosmopolitan, worldwide, distribution, cultivated, popular, garden, fern, hous. Adiantum capillus veneris the Southern maidenhair fern black maidenhair fern maidenhair fern 3 and venus hair fern is a species of ferns in the genus Adiantum and the family Pteridaceae 4 with a subcosmopolitan worldwide distribution It is cultivated as a popular garden fern and houseplant 5 Adiantum capillus veneris Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Secure NatureServe 2 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Division Polypodiophyta Class Polypodiopsida Order Polypodiales Family Pteridaceae Genus Adiantum Species A capillus veneris Binomial name Adiantum capillus venerisL Contents 1 Distribution 2 Description 3 Cultivation 4 Conservation 5 Traditional uses 6 References 7 External linksDistribution editAdiantum capillus veneris is native to the southern half of the United States from California to the Atlantic coast through Mexico and Central America to South America It is also native to Eurasia the Levant in Western Asia and Australasia 5 6 7 There are two disjunct occurrences in the northern part of North America at Cascade Springs in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Fairmont Hot Springs British Columbia In both instances the warm microclimate created by hot mineral springs permits the growth of the plant far north of its normal range It is similar in Zvonce spa resort Zvonachka Baњa Zvonacka Banja near Pirot in Serbia where hot mineral springs provide adequate heat and humidity for the survival of this species 8 It is found in temperate climates from warm temperate to tropical where the moisture content is high but not saturating in the moist well drained sand loam or limestone of many habitats including rainforests shrub and woodlands broadleaf and coniferous forests and desert cliff seeps and springs It often may be seen growing on moist sheltered and shaded sandstone or limestone formations generally south facing in the southern hemisphere north facing in the north or in gorges 5 It occurs throughout Africa in moist places by streams 9 On moist sandstone cliffs it grows in full or partial shade even when unprotected 10 nbsp Adiantum capillus veneris foliage texture nbsp In limestone cliff seep habitat Judean Desert Israel Description editAdiantum capillus veneris grows from 6 to 12 in 15 to 30 cm in height its fronds arising in clusters from creeping rhizomes 8 to 27 5 in 20 to 70 cm tall with very delicate light green fronds much subdivided into pinnae 0 2 to 0 4 in 5 to 10 mm long and broad the frond rachis is black and wiry 5 7 Cultivation editAdiantum capillus veneris is cultivated and widely available around the world for planting in natural landscape native plants and traditional shade gardens for outdoor container gardens and commonly as an indoor houseplant Adiantum mairisii is a winter hardy hybrid of Adiantum capillus veneris with another species which is likely to be one of Adiantum raddianum Adiantum aethiopicum or Adiantum cuneatum 11 As a houseplant Adiantum capillus veneris requires filtered light and very humid conditions It should be grown in soil rich in organic matter and should be watered frequently but lightly to keep the roots damp but not drenched The temperature should not fall below 12 C 54 F It is propagated by dividing making sure each clump has a section of rhizome 12 Conservation editThe fern is listed as an endangered species in North Carolina as southern maidenhair fern and threatened species in Kentucky as venus hair fern due to loss of Appalachian habitat Traditional uses editThis plant is used medicinally by Native Americans The Mahuna people use the plant internally for rheumatism 13 and the Navajo people of Kayenta AZ use an infusion of the plant as a lotion for bumblebee and centipede stings 14 The Navajo people also smoke it or take it internally to treat mental illness 14 In the traditional medicine of Iran frond infusion of Adiantum capillus veneris is used for jaundice therapy 15 Along with this they have a wide range of medicinal uses and have been used to treat coughs cold and to aid in kidney function 16 References edit Lansdown R V amp Bilz M 2018 Adiantum capillus veneris IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T164082A67770327 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T164082A67770327 en Retrieved 21 September 2022 NatureServe Explorer 2 0 Adiantum capillus veneris Southern Maidenhair Fern explorer natureserve org Retrieved 9 October 2020 BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 Christenhusz Maarten J M Zhang Xian Chun Schneider Harald 2011 A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns PDF Phytotaxa 19 7 54 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 19 1 2 a b c d Wildflower org NPIN Adiantum capillus veneris Southern maidenhair fern accessed 4 04 2011 The University of the West Indies Cave Hill a b Cundall P 2004 Native Plants The definitive guide to Australian plants Global Book Publishing Lane Cove N S W p 298 ISBN 978 1 74048 027 7 Zasticeno jedino staniste venerine vlasi u Srbiji The Only Habitat of the Venus Hair Fern in Serbia is Now Protected Pirotske Vesti in Serbian 11 December 2015 Sim Thomas Robertson 1915 The Ferns of South Africa London amp Edinburgh Cambridge University Press Roux J P 1979 Cape Peninsula Ferns Kirstenbosch National Botanic Gardens of South Africa ISBN 978 0 620 03775 4 Pacific Horticulture Pacific Plant Promotions Adiantum xmairisii Pacific Horticulture Retrieved 2021 07 21 Chiusoli Alessandro Boriani Luisa Maria 1986 Simon amp Schuster s guide to houseplants New York Simon and Schuster ISBN 0671631314 Romero John Bruno 1954 The Botanical Lore of the California Indians New York Vantage Press Inc p 60 a b Wyman Leland C and Stuart K Harris 1951 The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho Albuquerque The University of New Mexico Press p 14 Tewari Devesh Mocan Andrei Parvanov Emil D Sah Archana N Nabavi Seyed M Huminiecki Lukasz Ma Zheng Feei Lee Yeong Yeh Horbanczuk Jaroslaw O Atanasov Atanas G 2017 Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice Part I Frontiers in Pharmacology 8 518 doi 10 3389 fphar 2017 00518 PMC 5559545 PMID 28860989 Al Snafi Ali 2015 The Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Adiantum Capillus Veneris Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science amp Technology 5 2 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adiantum capillus veneris Adiantum capillus veneris Southern maidenhair fern U C Cal Photo Gallery USDA Profile for Adiantum capillus veneris common maidenhair fern Adiantum capillus veneris Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture U C Jepson Manual treatment for Adiantum capillus veneris Adiantum capillus veneris in the Canary Islands Chrono uk Spore pollen studies Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Horticultural Growing Conditions and Propagation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Adiantum capillus veneris amp oldid 1219960024, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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