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660 Fifth Avenue

April 27, 2024

For the former building on the site, see William K. Vanderbilt House.

660 Fifth Avenue (formerly 666 Fifth Avenue and the Tishman Building) is a 41-story office building on the west side of Fifth Avenue between 52nd and 53rd Streets in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. The office tower was designed by Carson & Lundin and built for its developer Tishman Realty and Construction from 1955 to 1957.

660 Fifth Avenue
Former namesTishman Building, 666 Fifth Avenue
General information
StatusCompleted
TypeOffice
Location660–666 Fifth Avenue
Manhattan, New York 10103
Coordinates40°45′37″N 73°58′34″W / 40.760163°N 73.976204°W / 40.760163; -73.976204
Completed1957
OpeningNovember 25, 1957
Cost$40 million
OwnerBrookfield Properties
Height
Roof483 ft (147 m)
Top floor444 feet (135 m)
Technical details
Floor count41
Floor area1,463,892 sq ft (136,000.0 m2)
Lifts/elevators24 (20 passenger, 4 freight)
Design and construction
Architect(s)Carson & Lundin
DeveloperTishman Realty and Construction
Website
https://sixsixtyfifthave.com/
References
[1][2]

The building was designed with a prominent 666 address emblazoned on the top. It had a facade of embossed aluminum panels which were originally lit by the "Tower of Light" designed by Abe Feder. The interior had a T-shaped atrium open to the public, with retail space, a lobby extending from Fifth Avenue, and a waterfall sculpture by Isamu Noguchi. The upper floors had a variety of office tenants, including those in the law, finance, and publishing industries. In the early 2020s, the lobby and office spaces were rebuilt and the facade was replaced with one containing glass panels.

Tishman sold the building when the corporation dissolved in 1976. The building was sold to Sumitomo Realty & Development in the late 1990s, and Tishman Speyer bought it in 2000. Tishman sold the skyscraper yet again to Kushner Properties in 2007. Kushner Properties struggled with financing throughout the late 2000s and mid-2010s, even contemplating replacing it with a taller tower. Brookfield Properties leased the whole building in August 2018 and subsequently hired Kohn Pedersen Fox to extensively renovate the building through 2022. As part of the renovation, the building was renumbered to 660 Fifth Avenue.

Site edit

660 Fifth Avenue is in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It faces Fifth Avenue to the east, 52nd Street to the south, and 53rd Street to the north. The land lot is mostly rectangular and covers 61,755 square feet (5,737.2 m2), with a frontage of 200 feet (61 m) on Fifth Avenue and a depth of 315 feet (96 m).[3] The 53rd Street frontage measures 300 feet (91 m) while the 52nd Street frontage measures 315 feet (96 m).[4] The building is on the same block as the CBS Building, 31 West 52nd Street,[5] the 21 Club, and 53rd Street Library to the west.[3][4] Other nearby buildings include the Museum of Modern Art and Saint Thomas Church to the north; Paley Park to the northeast; 12 East 53rd Street to the east; the Olympic Tower and 647 and 651 Fifth Avenue to the southeast; and 650 Fifth Avenue and 75 Rockefeller Plaza to the south.[3][5] The building is assigned its own ZIP Code, 10103; it was one of 41 buildings in Manhattan that had their own ZIP Codes as of 2019.[6]

 
William Kissam Vanderbilt II house, one of the previous buildings on the site

Upscale residences were constructed around Fifth Avenue following the American Civil War.[7][8] The lot at 660 Fifth Avenue had previously held the William K. Vanderbilt House, an 1882 châteauesque mansion designed by Richard Morris Hunt for William Kissam Vanderbilt.[9][10] The mansion had been demolished in 1926 and replaced with a 12-story office building by developer Benjamin Winter.[9][11] Stanford White designed a mansion for William Kissam Vanderbilt II's family at number 666, which was completed in 1908.[9][12] The current office building at 660 Fifth Avenue replaced nine structures, including William K. Vanderbilt II's mansion and Winter's office building.[11][13] The other structures included some brownstones and a pair of six-story commercial buildings.[14][15] The site was also occupied by a parking lot just prior to the current building's development.[13][15]

Architecture edit

660 Fifth Avenue, originally the Tishman Building at 666 Fifth Avenue, was designed by Carson and Lundin and built by its developer, Tishman Realty & Construction.[16] It is one of the remaining office skyscrapers that the firm designed in the mid-20th century in Manhattan.[17] The building is 483 ft (147 m) tall[1][2] and was designed with 39 stories.[16] Other contractors involved in the building's construction were structural engineer Victor Mayper, mechanical engineers Cosentini Associates, and electrical consultants Eitingon & Schlossberg.[18]

Facade edit

Original facade edit

The Tishman Building originally had an aluminum curtain wall covering 8 acres (3.2 ha). Described in The New York Times as the world's largest aluminum curtain wall,[19] it consisted of nearly 3,000 spandrel panels,[a] which were installed between windows on different stories.[20][21] Each panel measured about 7 by 11 feet (2.1 by 3.4 m) and weighed 225 pounds (102 kg).[20][21] The Reynolds Metals Company prefabricated the pieces of the facade at their plant in Louisville, Kentucky.[22] The panels were anodized[20] and contained small embossed rhombuses to create the impression of a textured surface.[4][20][23] These panels were mounted on the facade from the inside and then bolted to pieces of steel that had been welded to the superstructure. The effect was meant to resemble medieval armor.[23] Before the original aluminum curtain wall was removed, Brookfield Properties' construction director said that occupants could feel wind coming through the panels because they were so porous.[24] Part of the ground-story facade along Fifth Avenue was replaced in 1999 with a 25-foot-tall (7.6 m) glass wall to allow better visibility for the retail space.[25][26]

The vertical aluminum mullions contained embedded pieces of porcelain enamel and white structural glass.[4][23] The enamel or white glass strips were 20 inches (510 mm) wide and were flanked by 3-inch (76 mm) strips of aluminum, giving the mullions a total width of 26 inches (660 mm).[23][27] The window widths varied from 6.875 to 7.375 feet (2.096 to 2.248 m).[23] The window panes between the mullions contained a gray tint for glare reduction.[20][21] Each window contained two fixed sidelights flanking a movable center pane.[20] The center panes were designed to pivot so window cleaners could clean the panes from the inside.[21]

 
Detail of upper stories, with the original facade above and a stripped-down superstructure below

When the building opened, it had a lighting system designed by Abe Feder.[28][18] Described by the Real Estate Record and Guide as a "Tower of Light",[29] the system consisted of 72 reflector lamps mounted on the building's setbacks.[18][24] The light fixtures turned 666 Fifth Avenue into what architect Robert A. M. Stern characterized as "a landmark that received wide comment".[29] The system was capable of 9.7 million candlepower.[18][30] It was so bright that, from September to November 1959, the system was completely darkened to prevent interference with bird migration.[30]

A prominent 666 address was emblazoned on the top of the building when it opened.[28] In 2002, the 666 address on the side of the building was replaced with a Citigroup logo after Citigroup became the building's largest tenant.[31][32] Although similar signage normally would not be allowed in Manhattan, the signage was permitted under a grandfather clause since the original 666 signage was erected before the ban was enacted. While some groups such as the Municipal Art Society took no issue with the signage change, preservationists including Stern condemned it as flaunting and ahistorical.[28] The three "6" digits from the original sign were placed in storage in case they were ever needed.[32]

Renovated facade edit

Between 2020 and 2022, the facade of 660 Fifth Avenue is being replaced as part of a renovation designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox.[33][34] The new facade will consist of windows extending the full height of each story, measuring 11 feet (3.4 m) tall and 19 feet (5.8 m) wide.[35][36] These panels would not contain any mullions.[37][38] The glass panels would contain insulation, as opposed to the original facade, which was not insulated. The new facade would also triple the amount of window space at 660 Fifth Avenue. According to owner Brookfield Properties, these would be the "largest unitized windows in North America".[37][39] The renovation also includes terraces on the three sides facing the surrounding roads.[35][17] These terraces are being installed on the 8th, 10th, 11th, and 15th stories.[24][37]

Interior edit

As designed, the Tishman Building had 1,245,000 square feet (115,700 m2) of space,[16] of which 1 million square feet (93,000 m2) was available for rent.[40] The base consists of the 14 lowest floors, which each originally had an area of 28,000 to 56,000 square feet (2,600 to 5,200 m2).[41] The tower floors constitute the 24 highest floors, which each had an area of 18,000 square feet (1,700 m2).[40][41] As part of the early-2020s renovation, some of the interior spaces of the upper floors were being removed to create some double-height spaces.[37][38]

Mechanical features edit

The steel superstructure, weighing 13,000 short tons (12,000 long tons; 12,000 t), was constructed using bolts rather than rivets, as a bolting operation would require only half as many workers as a riveting operation did.[42][43] Also included in the construction was 40,000 cubic yards (31,000 m3) of concrete.[44] 660 Fifth Avenue was initially retrofitted with a 400-short-ton (360-long-ton; 360 t) electric refrigeration plant in the sub-cellar, providing cool air to the ground-level stores, and a 3,000-short-ton (2,700-long-ton; 2,700 t) steam-turbine refrigeration plant on the roof, serving all other floors.[18] The refrigeration plants were described by The New York Times as having a similar cooling capacity to sixty thousand ice blocks weighing 100 pounds (45 kg) each.[45] In addition, there was a 70-space parking lot in the basement, accessible by an elevator on 53rd Street.[18][46] A new air-supply system was installed in the early 2020s.[47]

When the building was constructed in the 1950s, it had 20 passenger elevators and two freight elevators manufactured by Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The passenger elevators were arranged in three banks and the freight elevators had their own bank. The elevators were controlled electronically, a relatively new technology at the time of construction, and the cabs had light sensors that signaled the doors to close as the last passenger entered or left a cab.[48][49] The building also had 5 million feet (1,500,000 m) of electrical wiring when it was completed.[44] Illumination was provided by 10,000 movable lamps.[50]

Atrium and lobby edit

Originally, 660 Fifth Avenue had a T-shaped atrium that opened directly to 52nd Street, 53rd Street, and Fifth Avenue, with glass storefronts inside. The atrium contained a north–south passageway between 52nd and 53rd Streets, which was 100 feet (30 m) west of the Fifth Avenue facade and measured 30 feet (9.1 m) wide.[29] In addition, two west–east passageways connected that hallway with Fifth Avenue. The storefronts surrounded the atrium and an additional storefront was between the parallel Fifth Avenue passageways (see 660 Fifth Avenue § Retail tenants).[51] The atrium, as well as the surrounding sidewalks, were paved with 3-by-3-foot (0.91 by 0.91 m) blocks colored in a buff hue.[44][45][52] The space was lit by incandescent lamps embedded in the ceiling.[25][52] During a 1999 renovation, the atrium was enclosed[53][54] when revolving doors were installed at its entrances.[25] The Fifth Avenue passageways were eliminated in 2000 and became a storefront.[55]

660 Fifth Avenue's original lobby was west of the section of the atrium extending from Fifth Avenue.[51] It measured 100 feet (30 m) deep and varied in width from 85 feet (26 m) on the eastern wall to 75 feet (23 m) on the western walls.[56] It was initially clad with red marble walls and had a floor covering with red, white, and black tiles.[52][56][57] Wood paneling was installed in 1998, concealing or replacing the red marble wall surfaces,[58] and the floor surface was replaced with a monochrome granite pattern.[28] When the main entrance was relocated to 53rd Street in 2000, a 70-by-70-foot (21 by 21 m) reception lobby was placed at the 53rd Street entrance.[55][59] The ceiling was originally decorated with a set of horizontal "fins" finished in baked enamel.[52][56][57] The four banks of elevators were at the center of the lobby, oriented in a north–south axis.[51] The elevator lobbies contained white-marble cladding and metal elevator doors.[52][56][57] The elevator lobbies were lit by fluorescent cathode tubes above translucent ceiling panels.[52] As part of the 2020s renovation, the lobby is being redecorated in white marble with wood paneling, and a destination dispatch system is being installed for the elevators.[24]

The original design included a wall with the artwork "Landscape of Clouds", a waterfall designed by artist Isamu Noguchi.[58] As designed, the wall containing the waterfall was 40 feet (12 m) wide and separated the lobby and the atrium. Made of structural glass and lit by hidden spotlights, the waterfall wall was crossed by stainless steel fins that extended the entire height of the lobby.[56][57] The "fins" ranged from 4 to 12 inches (100 to 300 mm) deep.[56] The work was inspired in part by a wall that Noguchi had designed for Carson and Lundin in Texas, which had not been installed.[29] When Robert Carson of the firm suggested creating steel fins on the lobby ceiling and installing an accompanying waterfall, Noguchi was "horrified at the idea of such arbitrary use" and offered to remodel the ceiling as part of the cost of the waterfall.[29][60] This artwork was proposed to be removed in 1999 but was ultimately retained.[25][61] The removal of this artwork was again contemplated in early 2020[58][62] and the work was ultimately disassembled the same year.[63]

 
Shopping arcade just below 660 Fifth Avenue, leading to the Fifth Avenue/53rd Street station

The building contains an entrance to the New York City Subway's Fifth Avenue/53rd Street station, which is served by the E and ​M trains.[64] The entrance initially led to the atrium. During a renovation in 1999, the subway entrance was relocated so it could be accessed directly from 53rd Street.[28][26]

Upper floors edit

As built, the office space contained prefabricated panels of movable steel walls, developed jointly by Aetna Steel Products and Tishman.[45] Aetna made the panels at its plant in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. The panels were made of about 27,000 panels of 3-inch (76 mm), 20-gauge steel, ranging between 6 and 48 inches (150 and 1,220 mm) long. They were secured to the floors using studs, then they were clipped to the ceiling. The usage of prefabricated steel panels, as opposed to more typical plaster walls, allowed an additional 16,000 square feet (1,500 m2) of interior space and removed the need to use cement and sand for manufacturing plaster walls. Other advantages of the panels were that they could be easily removed and recycled, they could not be cracked, and any alterations for mechanical systems would not create rubble or other debris.[65] The facade had been designed so the office space could be partitioned into sections with a minimum width of 7.5 feet (2.3 m).[20]

The penthouse was occupied by the Top of the Sixes restaurant, designed by Raymond Loewy and operated by Stouffer's. The restaurant had 300 seats and was decorated in a French Provincial style.[66][67] The restaurant was the first of its kind in Manhattan to open since the Rainbow Room had opened at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in 1934.[29] Top of the Sixes closed in 1996.[24][68] It was replaced with the Grand Havana Room, a cigar bar private club.[69][70] The Grand Havana Room was the site of an August 2, 2016, meeting between Paul Manafort, Rick Gates, and Russian-Ukrainian Konstantin Kilimnik. The meeting drew the attention of the Mueller investigation due to Manafort giving Kilimnik polling data at the meeting and asking Kilimnik to pass the data to pro-Russian Ukrainians Serhiy Lyovochkin and Rinat Akhmetov.[71][72][73]

History edit

Planning and construction edit

The west side of Fifth Avenue between 52nd and 53rd Streets was initially acquired by department store chain Lord & Taylor in 1945. Starrett & van Vleck would have developed a new Lord & Taylor flagship store on the site, replacing an existing structure at Fifth Avenue and 38th Street. At the time, the existing store did not have enough space for Lord & Taylor's operations, and the company planned to build a skyscraper with a new flagship at the first ten stories.[15][74] By 1948, there were rumors that Lord & Taylor had abandoned their plans to erect a new flagship, but the company denied the allegations.[75] Dorothy Shaver, president of the store, ultimately canceled the plan in 1952, citing an "abnormally high cost of building and equipping a large store" within Manhattan.[76]

Early plans edit

 
The original steel facade of 666 Fifth Avenue as seen from a nearby building

Tishman Realty and Construction acquired the Lord & Taylor site between 52nd and 53rd Streets in November 1954. Tishman reportedly paid $9 million for the site, measuring 200 by 300 feet (61 by 91 m). The company planned to erect a building of at least 34 stories and at least 1 million square feet (93,000 m2) of space.[77][78] The Tishman family originally wanted a limestone structure that imitated the design of the buildings at the nearby Rockefeller Center.[29][77][79] Carson & Lundin were hired as architects the following month.[80][81] The architects were simultaneously working on 600 Fifth Avenue at Rockefeller Center.[28]

The Tishman family announced details of its planned 36-story office building in February 1955. Early plans called for using 6-foot (1.8 m) wide windows separated by 2.5-foot (0.76 m) limestone piers, significantly wider than the 4.5-foot (1.4 m) vertical divisions that were then commonplace. This would allow a wider variety of room sizes.[82][83][84] Window openings would consist of two fixed sash windows as well as a vertically pivoting pane to allow window cleaners to wash the windows from the inside. Columns would be spaced 17 to 18 feet (5.2 to 5.5 m) apart and ceilings would be 11 feet (3.4 m) high; air conditioning would be installed to cool the offices.[85] Also included in initial plans was a 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) public arcade between 52nd and 53rd Streets, running 100 feet (30 m) west of Fifth Avenue, which would not only draw retail traffic but also allow a public pedestrian shortcut.[79][82][83][84] The arcade would contain an entrance to the Fifth Avenue/53rd Street subway station as well as a connection to Rockefeller Center's underground concourse via 75 Rockefeller Plaza.[82][83]

Tishman Realty obtained title to the new building's site in May 1955 from Lord & Taylor parent company Associated Dry Goods. Tishman planned to raze some buildings shortly afterward, though other buildings could not be destroyed until the following February, when their tenants' leases expired.[13] The same month, Collins Tuttle & Co. were named as renting agents.[86][87] Carson & Lundin filed plans with the New York City Department of Buildings in June 1955, with the building expected to cost $18 million.[88]

Final plans and construction edit

 
53rd Street entry to 660 Fifth Avenue, with the Fifth Avenue/53rd Street subway entrance at right

The plans were changed in November 1955 after Tishman acquired the air rights over the adjoining Donnell Library at 53rd Street.[89][41] The transfer of air rights enabled Tishman to expand the floor area by about 25 percent. The original proposal called for a 17-story base and a 21-story tower, but the plans were revised to allow for a 14-story base and 24-story tower with larger floor areas than in the original plan.[41] Isamu Noguchi was hired to design the lobby in January 1956. At the time, the building was scheduled to be completed in May 1957.[90] Demolition of the last structure on the site commenced in April 1956.[91]

Tishman Realty & Construction arranged a $32 million construction loan that May with a consortium of banks led by the Irving Trust Company.[92] Simultaneously, Prudential Financial agreed to purchase the building for $35 million and give Tishman an 88-year leaseback on the property. The last old structure was being demolished and the completion date had been pushed to September 1957.[4][93] The plans had been changed to provide for an aluminum facade.[4] Afterward, the site was excavated to a depth of 30 feet (9.1 m). Over 33,000 cubic yards (25,000 m3) of rock and 27,000 cubic yards (21,000 m3) of soil and debris was removed during a five-month span.[94] The first columns of the steel framework were installed in September 1956.[94][95] The construction attracted a substantial amount of interest. Steelworker Larry Weinmann, a former cartoonist, put cartoon decorations and depictions of the completed building onto the construction fence, and boxes of geraniums with notes of appreciation were placed outside the worksite in 1956. In addition, the building was decorated with a papier-mâché Santa Claus during Christmas 1956, and Easter decorations were placed on the worksite during Easter 1957.[44]

Erection of the steelwork was completed in April 1957. At the time, the building was about 80 percent rented and the Reynolds Metals Company was shipping the facade panels from their Louisville factory.[95] A large American flag, measuring 78 by 155 feet (24 by 47 m), was mounted outside the worksite in June 1957, only to rip as it was being unfurled.[96] The Tishman Building officially opened on November 25, 1957, in a ceremony led by Robert F. Wagner Jr., the mayor of New York City.[97] The building had cost $40 million.[98] The Tishman Building won the Fifth Avenue Association's award for best new commercial building erected on the avenue during 1956 and 1957. The association praised the building's simple form, embossed facade spandrels, steel mullions, and exterior lighting system.[18]

Late 20th century edit

1960s to 1980s edit

666 Fifth Avenue was relatively unchanged until the mid-1970s, when Tishman Realty was being liquidated and converted into a partnership. The company was described by its president Robert Tishman as having a "negative net worth", and all of its properties had to be sold as a result.[99] That October, the Equitable Life Assurance Society and Tishman agreed in principle that Tishman would sell off most of its office buildings, though Tishman would retain a 48 percent interest in 666 Fifth Avenue and a partial interest in several other buildings.[100] Tishman dissolved in 1976 and the building was sold for $80 million (about $330 million in 2023[101]).[102] Prudential sold the land under 666 Fifth Avenue to Charlton Buildings in 1977. The building and land were immediately resold to Sherman and Edward B. Cohen of the firm Cohen Brothers.[103]

In 1986, Integrated Resources Inc. bought the building for $320 million,[104][105] although the sale excluded the underlying land.[106] Integrated received a $20 million discount on the purchase price for asbestos abatement,[107] part of which was used to remove asbestos from the boiler room.[108] The company planned to finance the building using mostly zero-coupon bonds to account for the fact that, until rent increases were enacted, the building would receive a negative net income.[106][109] In June 1987, a subsidiary of Japanese realty and development company Sumitomo Realty & Development purchased 666 Fifth Avenue and its underlying land from Integrated for $500 million.[110][111] At the time, it was believed to be the second most expensive office-building sale in Manhattan history, behind that of 1251 Avenue of the Americas the previous year for $610 million.[112][113] The sale was finalized in August 1987.[114]

1990s and early 2000s edit

The Top of the Sixes restaurant was closed in 1996, following the expiration of its lease,[68] and replaced with the Grand Havana Room.[69][25] Sumitomo started renovating the ground-story facade in late 1997, adding high glass walls. At the time, the company believed the public had come to perceive the ground-floor retail space as uninviting.[115] This was followed in 1998 by the renovation of the building's lobby and lower floors, which included reconfiguring storefronts to accommodate large tenants on multiple levels.[26] The $20 million project was the first major change for the building since its opening.[116] Sumitomo planned to remove the Noguchi artwork, prompting protests from preservationists.[117][118] The firm ultimately spent $1 million to renovate the ceiling installation and another $300,000 to restore the fountain.[25][61] The subway entrance was also relocated,[26] the atrium was enclosed, and the ground-floor facade along Fifth Avenue was refurbished.[25][26] The work was initially slated to be performed by Brennan Beer Gorman, but Nobutaka Ashihara Associates took over the project.[115] The renovated building was rededicated in July 1999.[25][116]

A partnership between German investment firm TMW and the newly reconstituted Tishman Speyer Properties bought the building for $518 million in 2000 (about $870 million in 2023[101]).[102][119] TMW owned an 80 percent stake while Tishman owned the remaining 20 percent.[119] The partners obtained a three-year $325 million floating-rate loan from German bank Westdeutsche Immobilien, allowing them to avoid paying $9 million in New York mortgage recording taxes.[120] Tishman Speyer conducted another renovation of the newly refurbished ground floor. The Fifth Avenue entrance was closed and converted into a storefront, and a new lobby was installed at the relocated main entrance on 53rd Street. The Noguchi artwork was also renovated, having suffered from algae accumulation.[55][59] The exterior signage was changed in 2002 to reflect the relocation of a major tenant, Citigroup.[28][32] Later the same year, Tishman reportedly hired Lazard to market the building for $900 million.[121][122]

By June 2003, Credit Suisse First Boston and German firm Commerzleasing und Immobilien were being considered as finalists to acquire 666 Fifth Avenue.[123] The German company agreed to buy TMW's 80 percent ownership stake; this offer valued the building at $725 million.[119] TMW then exercised its right of first refusal to match Commerzleasing und Immobilien's offer, increasing its ownership stake to 95 percent.[124] In 2004, Tishman Speyer obtained a $562.5 million, five-year commercial mortgage-backed security (CMBS) senior loan from Lehman Brothers and UBS, which was split into three pari passu notes.[125] The interest-only loan also included a $45 million junior loan in the form of mezzanine capital. At the time, an appraisal valued the property at $730 million since the building was 96.4 percent occupied and generating net cash flows of over $52 million a year.[125]

Kushner ownership edit

Purchase and financing edit

 
Front of 666 Fifth Avenue

In January 2007, Tishman Speyer, along with the German investment firm TMW, announced the sale of the building to Kushner Properties for $1.8 billion (about $2.6 billion in 2023[101]), at the time the highest price ever paid for an individual office building in the U.S.[102][126] The sale was the third large deal involving Tishman in two years[b] and was atypical for several reasons. The Kushner Companies had traditionally focused on smaller multi-family residential properties in New Jersey and only owned one other Manhattan building, the Puck Building.[126] After Charles Kushner was jailed in 2005, his son Jared took over the family company,[129] moving the headquarters from Florham Park, New Jersey, to 666 Fifth Avenue.[130] The building had no official ask price and was never officially marketed for sale, with Rob Speyer calling potential buyers personally.[126] Additionally, 666 Fifth Avenue was not even among the top 150 tallest buildings in New York City, but Jared Kushner wanted to beat the recent $1.5 billion purchase of 1211 Avenue of the Americas.[126]

The majority of the deal was assembled in less than a week, an unprecedentedly short time frame to conduct the necessary due diligence.[126] Kushner put down $50 million in equity and borrowed the remaining $1.75 billion from a consortium of lenders, including a ten-year, $1.215 billion interest-only CMBS senior loan from Barclays and UBS, split into six pari passu notes.[131] Kushner also received $535 million in mezzanine financing, split into a $335 million senior tranche and a $200 million junior tranche. Kushner obtained an appraisal valuing the property at nearly $3 billion, leading real estate magazine The Real Deal to report that the gap between the appraised valuation and the purchase price was unusually large.[131] The banks also expected Kushner to increase the building's annual office rents from $53.5 million to $118.6 million to keep the building's loan-to-value ratio (LTV) in a manageable range.[131][c]

Financing difficulties edit

By late 2007, Kushner sold a 49 percent stake in the retail condominium portion of 666 Fifth to a group led by Carlyle and Stanley Chera for $525 million (about $730 million in 2023).[101][133] The buyers financed the purchase with a $300 million mortgage from Barclays and a $135 million mezzanine loan from SL Green Realty, a real estate investment trust. This allowed Kushner to repay the senior mezzanine loan.[9] The next March, the CMBS loan backing the property was transferred to a special servicer after Kushner reported difficulties paying the mortgage.[134] By 2010, an appraisal valued the building at just $820 million, less than half what Kushner Companies had paid three years earlier.[135] That April, the Carlyle-led group put some retail space for sale with an asking price of between $600 and $700 million.[136] Zara owner Inditex purchased 39,000 square feet (3,600 m2) of retail space for $324 million, a record deal for a U.S. retail property.[137] Carlyle used the profits from the sale to pay off the Barclays loan and the SL Green mezzanine loan. The firm also refinanced the remaining retail space with a $300 million loan from Morgan Stanley.[9]

At the end of 2011, Kushner brought in Vornado Realty Trust which purchased a 49.5 percent equity stake for $80 million and assumed half the building's debt.[138] Kushner also agreed to invest another $30 million for leasing the building's vacant space, which comprised 30 percent of the floor area, and rework it to suit tenant needs. The lenders of the $1.22 billion mortgage agreed to reduce the loan balance to $1.1 billion with the remainder placed into a "hope note" that would be repaid when the building's vacancy was reduced. The debt's maturity was pushed to 2019, and the interest rate was reduced.[138] The bulk of the mortgage had been previously sold in the CMBS market and the remaining $285 million balance had been syndicated to firms specializing in subordinated debt, including AREA Property Partners, Starwood Capital Group, Colony Capital, and Paramount Group.[138] Colony Capital founder Thomas J. Barrack Jr. claimed that Donald Trump, the father of Kushner's wife Ivanka, had contacted him to invest $45 million in the building's distressed debt[139] after Kushner complained Barrack was pressuring him about the debt.[135] AREA Property Partners also held $105.4 million of the building's debt and objected to the restructuring plan; in response, Kushner directed his newspaper The New York Observer to write a "hit piece" against AREA's CEO, which was never published.[135]

 
Hollister Co. store along Fifth Avenue

In 2012, Starwood Capital Group purchased $30.82 million of air rights for the neighboring Baccarat Hotel and Residences at 20 West 53rd Street.[9] That July, Vornado agreed to buy the rest of the retail space from Carlyle for $707 million.[140] The Kushner Companies had also contacted the family of Israeli businessman Beny Steinmetz to ask them to invest in the property.[141] From 2014 through 2016, Kushner Companies reportedly held talks with Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani, the Prime Minister of Qatar, as another potential investor.[142] Barrack claimed to have arranged the meetings and said a tentative deal for a $500 million equity investment fell apart after Donald Trump won the 2016 United States presidential election.[142] Saudi Arabian billionaire Fawaz Alhokair and the South Korean state-owned sovereign wealth fund Korea Investment Corporation were among the other potential investors.[141] French billionaire Bernard Arnault reportedly declined an invitation to invest in the retail space.[141] The property lost $14.5 million in 2016 as debt payments outweighed net operating income; by comparison, it had reported a roughly $10 million loss in 2015.[143] The building was 70 percent leased, while the average Manhattan office building was 91 percent leased.[144]

Anbang talks and proposed replacement edit

In July 2016, Kushner Companies began discussing with the Anbang Insurance Group of China about a potential investment.[145] That November, Anbang's chairman and CEO Wu Xiaohui held a private dinner with Jared Kushner, Charles Kushner, and Laurent Morali at the Waldorf Astoria New York.[145][146] The meeting came just one week after the 2016 U.S. presidential election,[145] just as Jared Kushner was transitioning to a role in the Trump administration.[147] Benjamin Lawsky[d] reportedly introduced Kushner and Wu. According to Chinese corruption expert Minxin Pei, Wu may have wanted political favors from the U.S. government.[145]

In March 2017, Bloomberg News reported that Anbang was in talks to invest $400 million in the building, based on a valuation of $2.85 billion.[148][e] Anbang and Kushner planned to receive a loan of over $4 billion, as well as $850 million in EB-5 visa program financing. The upper floors would be converted to luxury condominiums, while the Kushners would invest $750 million in the retail space, ending up with a 20 percent stake in the project. The expected final valuation of $7.2 billion would make it the most valuable single property in Manhattan and New York City.[148][149] Some of the alleged terms of the deal were called "unusually favorable", including an exit for Vornado Realty Trust and retirement of the Kushner organization's remaining debt.[148] These concerns led a group of Democratic politicians[f] to send a letter to Steven Mnuchin, the U.S. Treasury Secretary, demanding an investigation by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States.[150] The politicians also highlighted Wu's connections to the Chinese Communist Party, as well as those of Chen Xiaolu, another prominent Anbang owner.[149] No agreement was made as, shortly after the reports were published, Anbang denied it was looking to invest in the building.[151]

The failure of the Anbang agreement prompted Zaha Hadid Architects to design a $12 billion, 1,400-foot (430 m) skyscraper on the site, which would have been the world's third most expensive building. Kushner would have reduced the skyscraper to its steel frame and added forty stories.[146] The structure, to be completed by 2025, would have contained a "vertical mall" on its lowest nine floors, topped by an 11-story hotel and 464,000 square feet (43,100 m2) of high-end condominiums. Several adjacent structures would have been demolished and replaced with a park. The building would have been rebranded 660 Fifth Avenue to avoid the negative connotations of the number 666.[152][153] To raise money for the tower, Charles Kushner met with Qatari Finance Minister Ali Sharif Al Emadi in April 2017.[142] The website The Intercept first reported in March 2018 that Charles Kushner had sought funding for the new tower from Qatar's sovereign wealth fund, though Emadi declined to provide any financing.[154] The meeting came roughly one month before the Qatar diplomatic crisis began; Jared Kushner reportedly sided with Saudi crown prince Mohammad bin Salman against Rex Tillerson, the U.S. Secretary of State.[155] Kushner Companies denied the allegations that they met with Qatari government officials,[142] and Charles Kushner claimed that the Qataris had arranged the meetings.[142]

The unsuccessful talks, the project's exorbitant costs, and the risks of the ultra-luxury condominium market prompted Vornado's Steven Roth to push for a more modest office renovation.[156] Kushner's inability to bring on equity partners or lenders resulted in the cancellation of Hadid's skyscraper.[157][158] The building's valuation decreased more than $25 million during 2017 after the senior mortgage's interest rate increased from 5.5 percent to 6.353 percent.[143] Cash flow from the building's rents were only enough to cover about half of the required interest payments, down from roughly two-thirds the year before.[159] At the end of 2017, several lawmakers[g] sent a letter to Kushner Companies inquiring whether the company sought money from foreign governments to refinance the property.[160] Due to the large amount of debt owed on the tower, Vornado Realty Trust announced it would sell its 49.5 percent stake in February 2018,[161] and Kushner agreed to buy the stake for $120 million.[162][163]

Brookfield Properties and renovation edit

 
Removal of the upper-story facade underway in 2021

In August 2018, Brookfield Properties signed a 99-year lease for the property, with the Kushner family retaining the land.[164][165][166] Brookfield paid $1.286 billion for the property, which allowed the senior mortgage to be paid off in full, although the $300 million "hope note" was written-off entirely.[167] The company planned to invest more than $600 million to overhaul the building with a new lobby, facade, and mechanical systems.[168] The purchase attracted controversy since the Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) owned a 9 percent stake in Brookfield Property Partners.[169][170] A spokesperson for the QIA denied any interest in 666 Fifth Avenue,[170] and Ric Clark of Brookfield said there was no "quid pro quo" with either the Trump family or the QIA.[171] In February 2019, ING Bank loaned Brookfield Properties $750 million for renovations,[172] and Apollo Global Management also reportedly provided a $300 million mezzanine loan.[173] That April, Vornado sold a 48 percent stake in their retail portfolio, including the retail condominium at 666 Fifth Avenue, to the QIA and Crown Acquisitions.[174]

In October 2019, Brookfield announced that a $400 million renovation would commence in late 2020 after the remaining tenants' leases expired. The building would be renamed 660 Fifth Avenue. Kohn Pedersen Fox planned to remove many of the building's interior columns, add double-high ceilings, add four exterior terraces, and replace the building's aluminum cladding with floor-to-ceiling windows. Upon completion of the renovations in 2023, Brookfield expected to achieve rents of over $100 per square foot ($1,100/m2), some of the most expensive office rents in New York City.[33][34] In May 2020, Kushner Companies announced plans to move to the nearby General Motors Building.[175][176] The following month, Brookfield paid Kadima Realty Associates $8.5 million to terminate their lease early. By June 2020, Brookfield had spent $22.7 million year-to-date to buy out five tenants' leases.[177]

Exterior recladding of 660 Fifth Avenue began in February 2021,[178][179] and the building was renamed that month.[47][180] At the time, one writer said the old address and curtain wall had been among the "last nongeneric aspects of the building".[179] The last panels of the old facade had been removed from the upper stories by that November.[181] The lower stories and some of the upper stories had been re-clad by January 2022,[182] and only the top seven stories remained to be clad by that April.[183] The next month, asset manager Macquarie Group became the first company to lease space in the renovated building, taking six stories;[184][185] other tenants included 400 Capital Management, which took one story.[186] The new curtain wall had been completed to the roof by July 2022.[187]

Tenants edit

Office tenants edit

Before the building opened, it was 80 percent leased to office tenants.[188] Initial tenants included conglomerate Foster Wheeler,[45][189] entertainment company Warner Bros.,[189][190] personal care companies Revlon[191] and Helene Curtis Industries,[192] advertisers Benton & Bowles[193] and Ted Bates & Co,[188] and exporter American Export-Isbrandtsen Lines.[194] Numerous design firms were hired to customize the offices for tenants; for example, the Warner offices required a two-story theater with 100 people, while Foster Wheeler's engineering personnel were given interchangeable offices.[189]

During the late 1960s, document management firm Xerox[195] and lingerie firm Bali Company leased space in 666 Fifth Avenue.[196] Financial services provider Mutual of America moved its headquarters into 62,000 square feet (5,800 m2) at 666 Fifth Avenue in 1976.[197] The computer-service company Donovan Data Systems, time-share firm Keydata Corporation, theater chain Loews Cineplex Entertainment, and brokers Shearson all leased space in the building in 1979.[198] Oil firm AGIP Petroleum also had space at 666 Fifth Avenue in the 1990s.[199]

Several law firms have occupied the building:

Numerous financial firms have also occupied 660 Fifth Avenue:

Some publishers have had offices at 660 Fifth Avenue, including:

  • Bantam Books occupied 175,000 square feet (16,300 m2) on the 24th and 25th floors starting in 1968.[212] It then became part of Bertelsmann's American publishing subsidiary Doubleday, which moved out during 1992.[213]
  • The headquarters for DC Comics was located at 666 Fifth Avenue[214] before it moved to 1700 Broadway by the 1990s.[215]

Retail tenants edit

Initially, Marine Midland Bank operated a branch on the ground floor.[216] Italian airline Alitalia had an office and reservation center on the ground floor,[217] designed by Gio Ponti.[25][28] Another tenant of the ground-floor retail spaces was bookstore B. Dalton, which opened a store there in 1978.[218] By the late 20th century, Ted Lapidus also occupied one of the retail spaces.[219]

In November 1997, the National Basketball Association announced plans to open their first-ever store in the southern retail space.[220] The NBA Store was designed by the Phillips Group and took up 35,000 square feet (3,300 m2) on the basement through second floors.[25][221] The NBA Store, which opened in 1998, had a spiraling wooden ramp, a half-sized basketball court, and a basketball-hoop-shaped light fixture, all within a 36-by-54-foot (11 by 16 m) opening measuring 40 feet (12 m) high.[25][222] Brooks Brothers opened a store in the northern retail space in 1998, signing a 15-year lease for 23,000 square feet (2,100 m2) at a rent of $5 million per year after Nautica backed out of the space.[223] The Brooks Brothers store had a glass exterior,[224] as well as a 35-foot-tall (11 m) selling floor with limestone stairs to the second floor.[25] Around 2000, Hickey Freeman moved into the building, with a new 4,000-square-foot (370 m2) store designed by Robert A. M. Stern, installed within the former Fifth Avenue entrance.[53][54] The Hickey Freeman store had Doric columns and a coffered ceiling with beams.[32][59]

 
Uniqlo space

In 2008, the building's owners paid Brooks Brothers $47 million[225][226] to end their lease six years early.[227] The next year, owners also paid the bankrupt Hickey Freeman $11.96 million to vacate seven years early.[225] NBA also moved out of the building in 2010 due to high rent.[228] In 2011, Japanese retailer Uniqlo signed a 15-year, $300 million lease for 89,000 square feet (8,300 m2) of space at the base of the building,[229] beating out other potential lessees including Topshop, Nordstrom Rack, and AllSaints.[230] The three-story store, Uniqlo's second in the United States and the largest non-department store retail space on Fifth Avenue, opened in October 2011.[231] Uniqlo's space takes up the ground, second, and third floors.[232][233]

The new Hollister Co. Epic New York flagship moved in during 2010. The storefronts of the Hollister flagship were fitted with a live video feed from Huntington Beach, California, displayed along with wave pools on 179 flat-screen TVs.[234][235] Swatch signed a 15-year lease in February 2011, valued at $80 million, for the last 2,000 square feet (190 m2) of retail space in the building.[9][236][237]

In media edit

The 1959 documentary film Skyscraper chronicled the construction of 666 Fifth Avenue.[238] The film's director Shirley Clarke described it as a "musical comedy about the building of a skyscraper." Widely praised upon its release,[29] Skyscraper was nominated for an Academy Award in 1960.[239]

In her widely read 1964 essay Notes on "Camp", cultural critic Susan Sontag wrote that the building illustrated the difference between kitsch and camp, saying: "Camp taste nourishes itself on the love that has gone into certain objects and personal styles. The absence of this love is the reason why such kitsch items as… the Tishman Building aren't Camp."[240]

The Top of the Sixes was also featured in media. The 1990 novel Good Omens includes a scene where Famine (Dr. Raven Sable) is having drinks at the Top of the Sixes.[241] The opening lunch scene for the movie The Wolf of Wall Street was filmed there as well.[242]

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Progressive Architecture states that 2,950 panels were installed.[20]
  2. ^ It had purchased the MetLife Building in 2005 for $1.72 billion[127] and it had purchased Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village in December 2006 for $5.4 billion.[128]
  3. ^ The $1.215 billion senior loan represented a 67.5 percent LTV, but the appraised value reduced the LTV to a more conservative 60.75 percent, making the CMBS seem safer to credit rating agencies.[131] The debt service coverage ratio was 0.65, which meant the building's net cash flows could only pay for 65 percent of the senior loan's interest payments.[132]
  4. ^ Lawsky was the former New York Superintendent of Financial Services who met Wu while investigating Anbang's 2015 purchase of Fidelity & Guaranty Life.[145]
  5. ^ $1.6 billion for the office section, and $1.25 billion for the retail section[148][149]
  6. ^ These included senators Elizabeth Warren, Tom Carper, Gary Peters, Sherrod Brown, as well as United States House Committee on Oversight and Reform chair Elijah Cummings.
  7. ^ These lawmakers included Democrats such as Ted Lieu of California, Jamie Raskin of Maryland, and Brendan Boyle of Pennsylvania.

Citations edit

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  241. ^ "Famine". Good Omens Lexicon. The Good Omens Lexicon. from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  242. ^ Irving, Clive (March 10, 2018). "The Curse of 666 Fifth Avenue, the Skyscraper That Could Sink the Kushners". The Daily Beast. Retrieved July 8, 2021.

Sources edit

  • "Lighting is Architecture; Assertion of Purpose" (PDF). Progressive Architecture. Vol. 39, no. 9. September 1958. pp. 145–149.
  • Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995). New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial. New York: Monacelli Press. ISBN 1-885254-02-4. OCLC 32159240. OL 1130718M.
  • Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006). New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium. New York: Monacelli Press. ISBN 978-1-58093-177-9. OCLC 70267065. OL 22741487M.

External links edit

 
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April 27, 2024
fifth, avenue, former, building, site, william, vanderbilt, house, formerly, fifth, avenue, tishman, building, story, office, building, west, side, fifth, avenue, between, 52nd, 53rd, streets, midtown, manhattan, neighborhood, york, city, office, tower, design. For the former building on the site see William K Vanderbilt House 660 Fifth Avenue formerly 666 Fifth Avenue and the Tishman Building is a 41 story office building on the west side of Fifth Avenue between 52nd and 53rd Streets in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City The office tower was designed by Carson amp Lundin and built for its developer Tishman Realty and Construction from 1955 to 1957 660 Fifth AvenueFormer namesTishman Building 666 Fifth AvenueGeneral informationStatusCompletedTypeOfficeLocation660 666 Fifth AvenueManhattan New York 10103Coordinates40 45 37 N 73 58 34 W 40 760163 N 73 976204 W 40 760163 73 976204Completed1957OpeningNovember 25 1957Cost 40 millionOwnerBrookfield PropertiesHeightRoof483 ft 147 m Top floor444 feet 135 m Technical detailsFloor count41Floor area1 463 892 sq ft 136 000 0 m2 Lifts elevators24 20 passenger 4 freight Design and constructionArchitect s Carson amp LundinDeveloperTishman Realty and ConstructionWebsitehttps sixsixtyfifthave com References 1 2 The building was designed with a prominent 666 address emblazoned on the top It had a facade of embossed aluminum panels which were originally lit by the Tower of Light designed by Abe Feder The interior had a T shaped atrium open to the public with retail space a lobby extending from Fifth Avenue and a waterfall sculpture by Isamu Noguchi The upper floors had a variety of office tenants including those in the law finance and publishing industries In the early 2020s the lobby and office spaces were rebuilt and the facade was replaced with one containing glass panels Tishman sold the building when the corporation dissolved in 1976 The building was sold to Sumitomo Realty amp Development in the late 1990s and Tishman Speyer bought it in 2000 Tishman sold the skyscraper yet again to Kushner Properties in 2007 Kushner Properties struggled with financing throughout the late 2000s and mid 2010s even contemplating replacing it with a taller tower Brookfield Properties leased the whole building in August 2018 and subsequently hired Kohn Pedersen Fox to extensively renovate the building through 2022 As part of the renovation the building was renumbered to 660 Fifth Avenue Contents 1 Site 2 Architecture 2 1 Facade 2 1 1 Original facade 2 1 2 Renovated facade 2 2 Interior 2 2 1 Mechanical features 2 2 2 Atrium and lobby 2 2 3 Upper floors 3 History 3 1 Planning and construction 3 1 1 Early plans 3 1 2 Final plans and construction 3 2 Late 20th century 3 2 1 1960s to 1980s 3 2 2 1990s and early 2000s 3 3 Kushner ownership 3 3 1 Purchase and financing 3 3 2 Financing difficulties 3 3 3 Anbang talks and proposed replacement 3 4 Brookfield Properties and renovation 4 Tenants 4 1 Office tenants 4 2 Retail tenants 5 In media 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Citations 6 3 Sources 7 External linksSite edit660 Fifth Avenue is in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City It faces Fifth Avenue to the east 52nd Street to the south and 53rd Street to the north The land lot is mostly rectangular and covers 61 755 square feet 5 737 2 m2 with a frontage of 200 feet 61 m on Fifth Avenue and a depth of 315 feet 96 m 3 The 53rd Street frontage measures 300 feet 91 m while the 52nd Street frontage measures 315 feet 96 m 4 The building is on the same block as the CBS Building 31 West 52nd Street 5 the 21 Club and 53rd Street Library to the west 3 4 Other nearby buildings include the Museum of Modern Art and Saint Thomas Church to the north Paley Park to the northeast 12 East 53rd Street to the east the Olympic Tower and 647 and 651 Fifth Avenue to the southeast and 650 Fifth Avenue and 75 Rockefeller Plaza to the south 3 5 The building is assigned its own ZIP Code 10103 it was one of 41 buildings in Manhattan that had their own ZIP Codes as of 2019 update 6 nbsp William Kissam Vanderbilt II house one of the previous buildings on the site Upscale residences were constructed around Fifth Avenue following the American Civil War 7 8 The lot at 660 Fifth Avenue had previously held the William K Vanderbilt House an 1882 chateauesque mansion designed by Richard Morris Hunt for William Kissam Vanderbilt 9 10 The mansion had been demolished in 1926 and replaced with a 12 story office building by developer Benjamin Winter 9 11 Stanford White designed a mansion for William Kissam Vanderbilt II s family at number 666 which was completed in 1908 9 12 The current office building at 660 Fifth Avenue replaced nine structures including William K Vanderbilt II s mansion and Winter s office building 11 13 The other structures included some brownstones and a pair of six story commercial buildings 14 15 The site was also occupied by a parking lot just prior to the current building s development 13 15 Architecture edit660 Fifth Avenue originally the Tishman Building at 666 Fifth Avenue was designed by Carson and Lundin and built by its developer Tishman Realty amp Construction 16 It is one of the remaining office skyscrapers that the firm designed in the mid 20th century in Manhattan 17 The building is 483 ft 147 m tall 1 2 and was designed with 39 stories 16 Other contractors involved in the building s construction were structural engineer Victor Mayper mechanical engineers Cosentini Associates and electrical consultants Eitingon amp Schlossberg 18 Facade edit Original facade edit The Tishman Building originally had an aluminum curtain wall covering 8 acres 3 2 ha Described in The New York Times as the world s largest aluminum curtain wall 19 it consisted of nearly 3 000 spandrel panels a which were installed between windows on different stories 20 21 Each panel measured about 7 by 11 feet 2 1 by 3 4 m and weighed 225 pounds 102 kg 20 21 The Reynolds Metals Company prefabricated the pieces of the facade at their plant in Louisville Kentucky 22 The panels were anodized 20 and contained small embossed rhombuses to create the impression of a textured surface 4 20 23 These panels were mounted on the facade from the inside and then bolted to pieces of steel that had been welded to the superstructure The effect was meant to resemble medieval armor 23 Before the original aluminum curtain wall was removed Brookfield Properties construction director said that occupants could feel wind coming through the panels because they were so porous 24 Part of the ground story facade along Fifth Avenue was replaced in 1999 with a 25 foot tall 7 6 m glass wall to allow better visibility for the retail space 25 26 The vertical aluminum mullions contained embedded pieces of porcelain enamel and white structural glass 4 23 The enamel or white glass strips were 20 inches 510 mm wide and were flanked by 3 inch 76 mm strips of aluminum giving the mullions a total width of 26 inches 660 mm 23 27 The window widths varied from 6 875 to 7 375 feet 2 096 to 2 248 m 23 The window panes between the mullions contained a gray tint for glare reduction 20 21 Each window contained two fixed sidelights flanking a movable center pane 20 The center panes were designed to pivot so window cleaners could clean the panes from the inside 21 nbsp Detail of upper stories with the original facade above and a stripped down superstructure below When the building opened it had a lighting system designed by Abe Feder 28 18 Described by the Real Estate Record and Guide as a Tower of Light 29 the system consisted of 72 reflector lamps mounted on the building s setbacks 18 24 The light fixtures turned 666 Fifth Avenue into what architect Robert A M Stern characterized as a landmark that received wide comment 29 The system was capable of 9 7 million candlepower 18 30 It was so bright that from September to November 1959 the system was completely darkened to prevent interference with bird migration 30 A prominent 666 address was emblazoned on the top of the building when it opened 28 In 2002 the 666 address on the side of the building was replaced with a Citigroup logo after Citigroup became the building s largest tenant 31 32 Although similar signage normally would not be allowed in Manhattan the signage was permitted under a grandfather clause since the original 666 signage was erected before the ban was enacted While some groups such as the Municipal Art Society took no issue with the signage change preservationists including Stern condemned it as flaunting and ahistorical 28 The three 6 digits from the original sign were placed in storage in case they were ever needed 32 Renovated facade edit Between 2020 and 2022 the facade of 660 Fifth Avenue is being replaced as part of a renovation designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox 33 34 The new facade will consist of windows extending the full height of each story measuring 11 feet 3 4 m tall and 19 feet 5 8 m wide 35 36 These panels would not contain any mullions 37 38 The glass panels would contain insulation as opposed to the original facade which was not insulated The new facade would also triple the amount of window space at 660 Fifth Avenue According to owner Brookfield Properties these would be the largest unitized windows in North America 37 39 The renovation also includes terraces on the three sides facing the surrounding roads 35 17 These terraces are being installed on the 8th 10th 11th and 15th stories 24 37 Interior edit As designed the Tishman Building had 1 245 000 square feet 115 700 m2 of space 16 of which 1 million square feet 93 000 m2 was available for rent 40 The base consists of the 14 lowest floors which each originally had an area of 28 000 to 56 000 square feet 2 600 to 5 200 m2 41 The tower floors constitute the 24 highest floors which each had an area of 18 000 square feet 1 700 m2 40 41 As part of the early 2020s renovation some of the interior spaces of the upper floors were being removed to create some double height spaces 37 38 Mechanical features edit The steel superstructure weighing 13 000 short tons 12 000 long tons 12 000 t was constructed using bolts rather than rivets as a bolting operation would require only half as many workers as a riveting operation did 42 43 Also included in the construction was 40 000 cubic yards 31 000 m3 of concrete 44 660 Fifth Avenue was initially retrofitted with a 400 short ton 360 long ton 360 t electric refrigeration plant in the sub cellar providing cool air to the ground level stores and a 3 000 short ton 2 700 long ton 2 700 t steam turbine refrigeration plant on the roof serving all other floors 18 The refrigeration plants were described by The New York Times as having a similar cooling capacity to sixty thousand ice blocks weighing 100 pounds 45 kg each 45 In addition there was a 70 space parking lot in the basement accessible by an elevator on 53rd Street 18 46 A new air supply system was installed in the early 2020s 47 When the building was constructed in the 1950s it had 20 passenger elevators and two freight elevators manufactured by Westinghouse Electric Corporation The passenger elevators were arranged in three banks and the freight elevators had their own bank The elevators were controlled electronically a relatively new technology at the time of construction and the cabs had light sensors that signaled the doors to close as the last passenger entered or left a cab 48 49 The building also had 5 million feet 1 500 000 m of electrical wiring when it was completed 44 Illumination was provided by 10 000 movable lamps 50 Atrium and lobby edit Originally 660 Fifth Avenue had a T shaped atrium that opened directly to 52nd Street 53rd Street and Fifth Avenue with glass storefronts inside The atrium contained a north south passageway between 52nd and 53rd Streets which was 100 feet 30 m west of the Fifth Avenue facade and measured 30 feet 9 1 m wide 29 In addition two west east passageways connected that hallway with Fifth Avenue The storefronts surrounded the atrium and an additional storefront was between the parallel Fifth Avenue passageways see 660 Fifth Avenue Retail tenants 51 The atrium as well as the surrounding sidewalks were paved with 3 by 3 foot 0 91 by 0 91 m blocks colored in a buff hue 44 45 52 The space was lit by incandescent lamps embedded in the ceiling 25 52 During a 1999 renovation the atrium was enclosed 53 54 when revolving doors were installed at its entrances 25 The Fifth Avenue passageways were eliminated in 2000 and became a storefront 55 660 Fifth Avenue s original lobby was west of the section of the atrium extending from Fifth Avenue 51 It measured 100 feet 30 m deep and varied in width from 85 feet 26 m on the eastern wall to 75 feet 23 m on the western walls 56 It was initially clad with red marble walls and had a floor covering with red white and black tiles 52 56 57 Wood paneling was installed in 1998 concealing or replacing the red marble wall surfaces 58 and the floor surface was replaced with a monochrome granite pattern 28 When the main entrance was relocated to 53rd Street in 2000 a 70 by 70 foot 21 by 21 m reception lobby was placed at the 53rd Street entrance 55 59 The ceiling was originally decorated with a set of horizontal fins finished in baked enamel 52 56 57 The four banks of elevators were at the center of the lobby oriented in a north south axis 51 The elevator lobbies contained white marble cladding and metal elevator doors 52 56 57 The elevator lobbies were lit by fluorescent cathode tubes above translucent ceiling panels 52 As part of the 2020s renovation the lobby is being redecorated in white marble with wood paneling and a destination dispatch system is being installed for the elevators 24 The original design included a wall with the artwork Landscape of Clouds a waterfall designed by artist Isamu Noguchi 58 As designed the wall containing the waterfall was 40 feet 12 m wide and separated the lobby and the atrium Made of structural glass and lit by hidden spotlights the waterfall wall was crossed by stainless steel fins that extended the entire height of the lobby 56 57 The fins ranged from 4 to 12 inches 100 to 300 mm deep 56 The work was inspired in part by a wall that Noguchi had designed for Carson and Lundin in Texas which had not been installed 29 When Robert Carson of the firm suggested creating steel fins on the lobby ceiling and installing an accompanying waterfall Noguchi was horrified at the idea of such arbitrary use and offered to remodel the ceiling as part of the cost of the waterfall 29 60 This artwork was proposed to be removed in 1999 but was ultimately retained 25 61 The removal of this artwork was again contemplated in early 2020 58 62 and the work was ultimately disassembled the same year 63 nbsp Shopping arcade just below 660 Fifth Avenue leading to the Fifth Avenue 53rd Street station The building contains an entrance to the New York City Subway s Fifth Avenue 53rd Street station which is served by the E and M trains 64 The entrance initially led to the atrium During a renovation in 1999 the subway entrance was relocated so it could be accessed directly from 53rd Street 28 26 Upper floors edit As built the office space contained prefabricated panels of movable steel walls developed jointly by Aetna Steel Products and Tishman 45 Aetna made the panels at its plant in Pottsville Pennsylvania The panels were made of about 27 000 panels of 3 inch 76 mm 20 gauge steel ranging between 6 and 48 inches 150 and 1 220 mm long They were secured to the floors using studs then they were clipped to the ceiling The usage of prefabricated steel panels as opposed to more typical plaster walls allowed an additional 16 000 square feet 1 500 m2 of interior space and removed the need to use cement and sand for manufacturing plaster walls Other advantages of the panels were that they could be easily removed and recycled they could not be cracked and any alterations for mechanical systems would not create rubble or other debris 65 The facade had been designed so the office space could be partitioned into sections with a minimum width of 7 5 feet 2 3 m 20 The penthouse was occupied by the Top of the Sixes restaurant designed by Raymond Loewy and operated by Stouffer s The restaurant had 300 seats and was decorated in a French Provincial style 66 67 The restaurant was the first of its kind in Manhattan to open since the Rainbow Room had opened at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in 1934 29 Top of the Sixes closed in 1996 24 68 It was replaced with the Grand Havana Room a cigar bar private club 69 70 The Grand Havana Room was the site of an August 2 2016 meeting between Paul Manafort Rick Gates and Russian Ukrainian Konstantin Kilimnik The meeting drew the attention of the Mueller investigation due to Manafort giving Kilimnik polling data at the meeting and asking Kilimnik to pass the data to pro Russian Ukrainians Serhiy Lyovochkin and Rinat Akhmetov 71 72 73 History editPlanning and construction edit The west side of Fifth Avenue between 52nd and 53rd Streets was initially acquired by department store chain Lord amp Taylor in 1945 Starrett amp van Vleck would have developed a new Lord amp Taylor flagship store on the site replacing an existing structure at Fifth Avenue and 38th Street At the time the existing store did not have enough space for Lord amp Taylor s operations and the company planned to build a skyscraper with a new flagship at the first ten stories 15 74 By 1948 there were rumors that Lord amp Taylor had abandoned their plans to erect a new flagship but the company denied the allegations 75 Dorothy Shaver president of the store ultimately canceled the plan in 1952 citing an abnormally high cost of building and equipping a large store within Manhattan 76 Early plans edit nbsp The original steel facade of 666 Fifth Avenue as seen from a nearby building Tishman Realty and Construction acquired the Lord amp Taylor site between 52nd and 53rd Streets in November 1954 Tishman reportedly paid 9 million for the site measuring 200 by 300 feet 61 by 91 m The company planned to erect a building of at least 34 stories and at least 1 million square feet 93 000 m2 of space 77 78 The Tishman family originally wanted a limestone structure that imitated the design of the buildings at the nearby Rockefeller Center 29 77 79 Carson amp Lundin were hired as architects the following month 80 81 The architects were simultaneously working on 600 Fifth Avenue at Rockefeller Center 28 The Tishman family announced details of its planned 36 story office building in February 1955 Early plans called for using 6 foot 1 8 m wide windows separated by 2 5 foot 0 76 m limestone piers significantly wider than the 4 5 foot 1 4 m vertical divisions that were then commonplace This would allow a wider variety of room sizes 82 83 84 Window openings would consist of two fixed sash windows as well as a vertically pivoting pane to allow window cleaners to wash the windows from the inside Columns would be spaced 17 to 18 feet 5 2 to 5 5 m apart and ceilings would be 11 feet 3 4 m high air conditioning would be installed to cool the offices 85 Also included in initial plans was a 30 foot wide 9 1 m public arcade between 52nd and 53rd Streets running 100 feet 30 m west of Fifth Avenue which would not only draw retail traffic but also allow a public pedestrian shortcut 79 82 83 84 The arcade would contain an entrance to the Fifth Avenue 53rd Street subway station as well as a connection to Rockefeller Center s underground concourse via 75 Rockefeller Plaza 82 83 Tishman Realty obtained title to the new building s site in May 1955 from Lord amp Taylor parent company Associated Dry Goods Tishman planned to raze some buildings shortly afterward though other buildings could not be destroyed until the following February when their tenants leases expired 13 The same month Collins Tuttle amp Co were named as renting agents 86 87 Carson amp Lundin filed plans with the New York City Department of Buildings in June 1955 with the building expected to cost 18 million 88 Final plans and construction edit nbsp 53rd Street entry to 660 Fifth Avenue with the Fifth Avenue 53rd Street subway entrance at right The plans were changed in November 1955 after Tishman acquired the air rights over the adjoining Donnell Library at 53rd Street 89 41 The transfer of air rights enabled Tishman to expand the floor area by about 25 percent The original proposal called for a 17 story base and a 21 story tower but the plans were revised to allow for a 14 story base and 24 story tower with larger floor areas than in the original plan 41 Isamu Noguchi was hired to design the lobby in January 1956 At the time the building was scheduled to be completed in May 1957 90 Demolition of the last structure on the site commenced in April 1956 91 Tishman Realty amp Construction arranged a 32 million construction loan that May with a consortium of banks led by the Irving Trust Company 92 Simultaneously Prudential Financial agreed to purchase the building for 35 million and give Tishman an 88 year leaseback on the property The last old structure was being demolished and the completion date had been pushed to September 1957 4 93 The plans had been changed to provide for an aluminum facade 4 Afterward the site was excavated to a depth of 30 feet 9 1 m Over 33 000 cubic yards 25 000 m3 of rock and 27 000 cubic yards 21 000 m3 of soil and debris was removed during a five month span 94 The first columns of the steel framework were installed in September 1956 94 95 The construction attracted a substantial amount of interest Steelworker Larry Weinmann a former cartoonist put cartoon decorations and depictions of the completed building onto the construction fence and boxes of geraniums with notes of appreciation were placed outside the worksite in 1956 In addition the building was decorated with a papier mache Santa Claus during Christmas 1956 and Easter decorations were placed on the worksite during Easter 1957 44 Erection of the steelwork was completed in April 1957 At the time the building was about 80 percent rented and the Reynolds Metals Company was shipping the facade panels from their Louisville factory 95 A large American flag measuring 78 by 155 feet 24 by 47 m was mounted outside the worksite in June 1957 only to rip as it was being unfurled 96 The Tishman Building officially opened on November 25 1957 in a ceremony led by Robert F Wagner Jr the mayor of New York City 97 The building had cost 40 million 98 The Tishman Building won the Fifth Avenue Association s award for best new commercial building erected on the avenue during 1956 and 1957 The association praised the building s simple form embossed facade spandrels steel mullions and exterior lighting system 18 Late 20th century edit 1960s to 1980s edit 666 Fifth Avenue was relatively unchanged until the mid 1970s when Tishman Realty was being liquidated and converted into a partnership The company was described by its president Robert Tishman as having a negative net worth and all of its properties had to be sold as a result 99 That October the Equitable Life Assurance Society and Tishman agreed in principle that Tishman would sell off most of its office buildings though Tishman would retain a 48 percent interest in 666 Fifth Avenue and a partial interest in several other buildings 100 Tishman dissolved in 1976 and the building was sold for 80 million about 330 million in 2023 101 102 Prudential sold the land under 666 Fifth Avenue to Charlton Buildings in 1977 The building and land were immediately resold to Sherman and Edward B Cohen of the firm Cohen Brothers 103 In 1986 Integrated Resources Inc bought the building for 320 million 104 105 although the sale excluded the underlying land 106 Integrated received a 20 million discount on the purchase price for asbestos abatement 107 part of which was used to remove asbestos from the boiler room 108 The company planned to finance the building using mostly zero coupon bonds to account for the fact that until rent increases were enacted the building would receive a negative net income 106 109 In June 1987 a subsidiary of Japanese realty and development company Sumitomo Realty amp Development purchased 666 Fifth Avenue and its underlying land from Integrated for 500 million 110 111 At the time it was believed to be the second most expensive office building sale in Manhattan history behind that of 1251 Avenue of the Americas the previous year for 610 million 112 113 The sale was finalized in August 1987 114 1990s and early 2000s edit The Top of the Sixes restaurant was closed in 1996 following the expiration of its lease 68 and replaced with the Grand Havana Room 69 25 Sumitomo started renovating the ground story facade in late 1997 adding high glass walls At the time the company believed the public had come to perceive the ground floor retail space as uninviting 115 This was followed in 1998 by the renovation of the building s lobby and lower floors which included reconfiguring storefronts to accommodate large tenants on multiple levels 26 The 20 million project was the first major change for the building since its opening 116 Sumitomo planned to remove the Noguchi artwork prompting protests from preservationists 117 118 The firm ultimately spent 1 million to renovate the ceiling installation and another 300 000 to restore the fountain 25 61 The subway entrance was also relocated 26 the atrium was enclosed and the ground floor facade along Fifth Avenue was refurbished 25 26 The work was initially slated to be performed by Brennan Beer Gorman but Nobutaka Ashihara Associates took over the project 115 The renovated building was rededicated in July 1999 25 116 A partnership between German investment firm TMW and the newly reconstituted Tishman Speyer Properties bought the building for 518 million in 2000 about 870 million in 2023 101 102 119 TMW owned an 80 percent stake while Tishman owned the remaining 20 percent 119 The partners obtained a three year 325 million floating rate loan from German bank Westdeutsche Immobilien allowing them to avoid paying 9 million in New York mortgage recording taxes 120 Tishman Speyer conducted another renovation of the newly refurbished ground floor The Fifth Avenue entrance was closed and converted into a storefront and a new lobby was installed at the relocated main entrance on 53rd Street The Noguchi artwork was also renovated having suffered from algae accumulation 55 59 The exterior signage was changed in 2002 to reflect the relocation of a major tenant Citigroup 28 32 Later the same year Tishman reportedly hired Lazard to market the building for 900 million 121 122 By June 2003 Credit Suisse First Boston and German firm Commerzleasing und Immobilien were being considered as finalists to acquire 666 Fifth Avenue 123 The German company agreed to buy TMW s 80 percent ownership stake this offer valued the building at 725 million 119 TMW then exercised its right of first refusal to match Commerzleasing und Immobilien s offer increasing its ownership stake to 95 percent 124 In 2004 Tishman Speyer obtained a 562 5 million five year commercial mortgage backed security CMBS senior loan from Lehman Brothers and UBS which was split into three pari passu notes 125 The interest only loan also included a 45 million junior loan in the form of mezzanine capital At the time an appraisal valued the property at 730 million since the building was 96 4 percent occupied and generating net cash flows of over 52 million a year 125 Kushner ownership edit Purchase and financing edit nbsp Front of 666 Fifth Avenue In January 2007 Tishman Speyer along with the German investment firm TMW announced the sale of the building to Kushner Properties for 1 8 billion about 2 6 billion in 2023 101 at the time the highest price ever paid for an individual office building in the U S 102 126 The sale was the third large deal involving Tishman in two years b and was atypical for several reasons The Kushner Companies had traditionally focused on smaller multi family residential properties in New Jersey and only owned one other Manhattan building the Puck Building 126 After Charles Kushner was jailed in 2005 his son Jared took over the family company 129 moving the headquarters from Florham Park New Jersey to 666 Fifth Avenue 130 The building had no official ask price and was never officially marketed for sale with Rob Speyer calling potential buyers personally 126 Additionally 666 Fifth Avenue was not even among the top 150 tallest buildings in New York City but Jared Kushner wanted to beat the recent 1 5 billion purchase of 1211 Avenue of the Americas 126 The majority of the deal was assembled in less than a week an unprecedentedly short time frame to conduct the necessary due diligence 126 Kushner put down 50 million in equity and borrowed the remaining 1 75 billion from a consortium of lenders including a ten year 1 215 billion interest only CMBS senior loan from Barclays and UBS split into six pari passu notes 131 Kushner also received 535 million in mezzanine financing split into a 335 million senior tranche and a 200 million junior tranche Kushner obtained an appraisal valuing the property at nearly 3 billion leading real estate magazine The Real Deal to report that the gap between the appraised valuation and the purchase price was unusually large 131 The banks also expected Kushner to increase the building s annual office rents from 53 5 million to 118 6 million to keep the building s loan to value ratio LTV in a manageable range 131 c Financing difficulties edit By late 2007 Kushner sold a 49 percent stake in the retail condominium portion of 666 Fifth to a group led by Carlyle and Stanley Chera for 525 million about 730 million in 2023 101 133 The buyers financed the purchase with a 300 million mortgage from Barclays and a 135 million mezzanine loan from SL Green Realty a real estate investment trust This allowed Kushner to repay the senior mezzanine loan 9 The next March the CMBS loan backing the property was transferred to a special servicer after Kushner reported difficulties paying the mortgage 134 By 2010 an appraisal valued the building at just 820 million less than half what Kushner Companies had paid three years earlier 135 That April the Carlyle led group put some retail space for sale with an asking price of between 600 and 700 million 136 Zara owner Inditex purchased 39 000 square feet 3 600 m2 of retail space for 324 million a record deal for a U S retail property 137 Carlyle used the profits from the sale to pay off the Barclays loan and the SL Green mezzanine loan The firm also refinanced the remaining retail space with a 300 million loan from Morgan Stanley 9 At the end of 2011 Kushner brought in Vornado Realty Trust which purchased a 49 5 percent equity stake for 80 million and assumed half the building s debt 138 Kushner also agreed to invest another 30 million for leasing the building s vacant space which comprised 30 percent of the floor area and rework it to suit tenant needs The lenders of the 1 22 billion mortgage agreed to reduce the loan balance to 1 1 billion with the remainder placed into a hope note that would be repaid when the building s vacancy was reduced The debt s maturity was pushed to 2019 and the interest rate was reduced 138 The bulk of the mortgage had been previously sold in the CMBS market and the remaining 285 million balance had been syndicated to firms specializing in subordinated debt including AREA Property Partners Starwood Capital Group Colony Capital and Paramount Group 138 Colony Capital founder Thomas J Barrack Jr claimed that Donald Trump the father of Kushner s wife Ivanka had contacted him to invest 45 million in the building s distressed debt 139 after Kushner complained Barrack was pressuring him about the debt 135 AREA Property Partners also held 105 4 million of the building s debt and objected to the restructuring plan in response Kushner directed his newspaper The New York Observer to write a hit piece against AREA s CEO which was never published 135 nbsp Hollister Co store along Fifth Avenue In 2012 Starwood Capital Group purchased 30 82 million of air rights for the neighboring Baccarat Hotel and Residences at 20 West 53rd Street 9 That July Vornado agreed to buy the rest of the retail space from Carlyle for 707 million 140 The Kushner Companies had also contacted the family of Israeli businessman Beny Steinmetz to ask them to invest in the property 141 From 2014 through 2016 Kushner Companies reportedly held talks with Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani the Prime Minister of Qatar as another potential investor 142 Barrack claimed to have arranged the meetings and said a tentative deal for a 500 million equity investment fell apart after Donald Trump won the 2016 United States presidential election 142 Saudi Arabian billionaire Fawaz Alhokair and the South Korean state owned sovereign wealth fund Korea Investment Corporation were among the other potential investors 141 French billionaire Bernard Arnault reportedly declined an invitation to invest in the retail space 141 The property lost 14 5 million in 2016 as debt payments outweighed net operating income by comparison it had reported a roughly 10 million loss in 2015 143 The building was 70 percent leased while the average Manhattan office building was 91 percent leased 144 Anbang talks and proposed replacement edit In July 2016 Kushner Companies began discussing with the Anbang Insurance Group of China about a potential investment 145 That November Anbang s chairman and CEO Wu Xiaohui held a private dinner with Jared Kushner Charles Kushner and Laurent Morali at the Waldorf Astoria New York 145 146 The meeting came just one week after the 2016 U S presidential election 145 just as Jared Kushner was transitioning to a role in the Trump administration 147 Benjamin Lawsky d reportedly introduced Kushner and Wu According to Chinese corruption expert Minxin Pei Wu may have wanted political favors from the U S government 145 In March 2017 Bloomberg News reported that Anbang was in talks to invest 400 million in the building based on a valuation of 2 85 billion 148 e Anbang and Kushner planned to receive a loan of over 4 billion as well as 850 million in EB 5 visa program financing The upper floors would be converted to luxury condominiums while the Kushners would invest 750 million in the retail space ending up with a 20 percent stake in the project The expected final valuation of 7 2 billion would make it the most valuable single property in Manhattan and New York City 148 149 Some of the alleged terms of the deal were called unusually favorable including an exit for Vornado Realty Trust and retirement of the Kushner organization s remaining debt 148 These concerns led a group of Democratic politicians f to send a letter to Steven Mnuchin the U S Treasury Secretary demanding an investigation by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States 150 The politicians also highlighted Wu s connections to the Chinese Communist Party as well as those of Chen Xiaolu another prominent Anbang owner 149 No agreement was made as shortly after the reports were published Anbang denied it was looking to invest in the building 151 The failure of the Anbang agreement prompted Zaha Hadid Architects to design a 12 billion 1 400 foot 430 m skyscraper on the site which would have been the world s third most expensive building Kushner would have reduced the skyscraper to its steel frame and added forty stories 146 The structure to be completed by 2025 would have contained a vertical mall on its lowest nine floors topped by an 11 story hotel and 464 000 square feet 43 100 m2 of high end condominiums Several adjacent structures would have been demolished and replaced with a park The building would have been rebranded 660 Fifth Avenue to avoid the negative connotations of the number 666 152 153 To raise money for the tower Charles Kushner met with Qatari Finance Minister Ali Sharif Al Emadi in April 2017 142 The website The Intercept first reported in March 2018 that Charles Kushner had sought funding for the new tower from Qatar s sovereign wealth fund though Emadi declined to provide any financing 154 The meeting came roughly one month before the Qatar diplomatic crisis began Jared Kushner reportedly sided with Saudi crown prince Mohammad bin Salman against Rex Tillerson the U S Secretary of State 155 Kushner Companies denied the allegations that they met with Qatari government officials 142 and Charles Kushner claimed that the Qataris had arranged the meetings 142 The unsuccessful talks the project s exorbitant costs and the risks of the ultra luxury condominium market prompted Vornado s Steven Roth to push for a more modest office renovation 156 Kushner s inability to bring on equity partners or lenders resulted in the cancellation of Hadid s skyscraper 157 158 The building s valuation decreased more than 25 million during 2017 after the senior mortgage s interest rate increased from 5 5 percent to 6 353 percent 143 Cash flow from the building s rents were only enough to cover about half of the required interest payments down from roughly two thirds the year before 159 At the end of 2017 several lawmakers g sent a letter to Kushner Companies inquiring whether the company sought money from foreign governments to refinance the property 160 Due to the large amount of debt owed on the tower Vornado Realty Trust announced it would sell its 49 5 percent stake in February 2018 161 and Kushner agreed to buy the stake for 120 million 162 163 Brookfield Properties and renovation edit nbsp Removal of the upper story facade underway in 2021 In August 2018 Brookfield Properties signed a 99 year lease for the property with the Kushner family retaining the land 164 165 166 Brookfield paid 1 286 billion for the property which allowed the senior mortgage to be paid off in full although the 300 million hope note was written off entirely 167 The company planned to invest more than 600 million to overhaul the building with a new lobby facade and mechanical systems 168 The purchase attracted controversy since the Qatar Investment Authority QIA owned a 9 percent stake in Brookfield Property Partners 169 170 A spokesperson for the QIA denied any interest in 666 Fifth Avenue 170 and Ric Clark of Brookfield said there was no quid pro quo with either the Trump family or the QIA 171 In February 2019 ING Bank loaned Brookfield Properties 750 million for renovations 172 and Apollo Global Management also reportedly provided a 300 million mezzanine loan 173 That April Vornado sold a 48 percent stake in their retail portfolio including the retail condominium at 666 Fifth Avenue to the QIA and Crown Acquisitions 174 In October 2019 Brookfield announced that a 400 million renovation would commence in late 2020 after the remaining tenants leases expired The building would be renamed 660 Fifth Avenue Kohn Pedersen Fox planned to remove many of the building s interior columns add double high ceilings add four exterior terraces and replace the building s aluminum cladding with floor to ceiling windows Upon completion of the renovations in 2023 Brookfield expected to achieve rents of over 100 per square foot 1 100 m2 some of the most expensive office rents in New York City 33 34 In May 2020 Kushner Companies announced plans to move to the nearby General Motors Building 175 176 The following month Brookfield paid Kadima Realty Associates 8 5 million to terminate their lease early By June 2020 Brookfield had spent 22 7 million year to date to buy out five tenants leases 177 Exterior recladding of 660 Fifth Avenue began in February 2021 178 179 and the building was renamed that month 47 180 At the time one writer said the old address and curtain wall had been among the last nongeneric aspects of the building 179 The last panels of the old facade had been removed from the upper stories by that November 181 The lower stories and some of the upper stories had been re clad by January 2022 182 and only the top seven stories remained to be clad by that April 183 The next month asset manager Macquarie Group became the first company to lease space in the renovated building taking six stories 184 185 other tenants included 400 Capital Management which took one story 186 The new curtain wall had been completed to the roof by July 2022 187 Tenants editOffice tenants edit Before the building opened it was 80 percent leased to office tenants 188 Initial tenants included conglomerate Foster Wheeler 45 189 entertainment company Warner Bros 189 190 personal care companies Revlon 191 and Helene Curtis Industries 192 advertisers Benton amp Bowles 193 and Ted Bates amp Co 188 and exporter American Export Isbrandtsen Lines 194 Numerous design firms were hired to customize the offices for tenants for example the Warner offices required a two story theater with 100 people while Foster Wheeler s engineering personnel were given interchangeable offices 189 During the late 1960s document management firm Xerox 195 and lingerie firm Bali Company leased space in 666 Fifth Avenue 196 Financial services provider Mutual of America moved its headquarters into 62 000 square feet 5 800 m2 at 666 Fifth Avenue in 1976 197 The computer service company Donovan Data Systems time share firm Keydata Corporation theater chain Loews Cineplex Entertainment and brokers Shearson all leased space in the building in 1979 198 Oil firm AGIP Petroleum also had space at 666 Fifth Avenue in the 1990s 199 Several law firms have occupied the building Akerman LLP leased 48 000 square feet 4 500 m2 on the 19th and 20th floors of the building 200 In 2019 Akerman announced plans to move out 201 Norton Rose Fulbright occupied the building until 2015 202 Orrick Herrington amp Sutcliffe signed a lease for 102 000 square feet 9 500 m2 on the 17th through 20th floors in March 1995 203 Orrick Herrington amp Sutcliffe left in 2009 204 Schiff Hardin signed a lease for 48 000 square feet 4 500 m2 on the 16th and 17th floors in November 2010 205 Vinson amp Elkins renewed and expanded their lease for 81 000 square feet 7 500 m2 in 2010 206 Numerous financial firms have also occupied 660 Fifth Avenue Citigroup occupied six floors totaling 198 000 square feet 18 400 m2 in the building in 2002 28 At the start of the financial crisis of 2007 2008 Citigroup announced they would not renew 75 000 square feet 7 000 m2 on the building s third floor after it expired in August 2008 207 Colliers International leased 57 000 square feet 5 300 m2 on the fourth floor in October 2013 208 Mutual of America occupied 175 000 square feet 16 300 m2 in the building until 1991 209 Millennium Management LLC a hedge fund run by Israel Englander occupied 170 000 square feet 16 000 m2 in the building until the end of 2020 210 William Blair amp Company an investment bank occupied 40 000 square feet 3 700 m2 until 2018 211 Some publishers have had offices at 660 Fifth Avenue including Bantam Books occupied 175 000 square feet 16 300 m2 on the 24th and 25th floors starting in 1968 212 It then became part of Bertelsmann s American publishing subsidiary Doubleday which moved out during 1992 213 The headquarters for DC Comics was located at 666 Fifth Avenue 214 before it moved to 1700 Broadway by the 1990s 215 Retail tenants edit Initially Marine Midland Bank operated a branch on the ground floor 216 Italian airline Alitalia had an office and reservation center on the ground floor 217 designed by Gio Ponti 25 28 Another tenant of the ground floor retail spaces was bookstore B Dalton which opened a store there in 1978 218 By the late 20th century Ted Lapidus also occupied one of the retail spaces 219 In November 1997 the National Basketball Association announced plans to open their first ever store in the southern retail space 220 The NBA Store was designed by the Phillips Group and took up 35 000 square feet 3 300 m2 on the basement through second floors 25 221 The NBA Store which opened in 1998 had a spiraling wooden ramp a half sized basketball court and a basketball hoop shaped light fixture all within a 36 by 54 foot 11 by 16 m opening measuring 40 feet 12 m high 25 222 Brooks Brothers opened a store in the northern retail space in 1998 signing a 15 year lease for 23 000 square feet 2 100 m2 at a rent of 5 million per year after Nautica backed out of the space 223 The Brooks Brothers store had a glass exterior 224 as well as a 35 foot tall 11 m selling floor with limestone stairs to the second floor 25 Around 2000 Hickey Freeman moved into the building with a new 4 000 square foot 370 m2 store designed by Robert A M Stern installed within the former Fifth Avenue entrance 53 54 The Hickey Freeman store had Doric columns and a coffered ceiling with beams 32 59 nbsp Uniqlo space In 2008 the building s owners paid Brooks Brothers 47 million 225 226 to end their lease six years early 227 The next year owners also paid the bankrupt Hickey Freeman 11 96 million to vacate seven years early 225 NBA also moved out of the building in 2010 due to high rent 228 In 2011 Japanese retailer Uniqlo signed a 15 year 300 million lease for 89 000 square feet 8 300 m2 of space at the base of the building 229 beating out other potential lessees including Topshop Nordstrom Rack and AllSaints 230 The three story store Uniqlo s second in the United States and the largest non department store retail space on Fifth Avenue opened in October 2011 231 Uniqlo s space takes up the ground second and third floors 232 233 The new Hollister Co Epic New York flagship moved in during 2010 The storefronts of the Hollister flagship were fitted with a live video feed from Huntington Beach California displayed along with wave pools on 179 flat screen TVs 234 235 Swatch signed a 15 year lease in February 2011 valued at 80 million for the last 2 000 square feet 190 m2 of retail space in the building 9 236 237 In media editThe 1959 documentary film Skyscraper chronicled the construction of 666 Fifth Avenue 238 The film s director Shirley Clarke described it as a musical comedy about the building of a skyscraper Widely praised upon its release 29 Skyscraper was nominated for an Academy Award in 1960 239 In her widely read 1964 essay Notes on Camp cultural critic Susan Sontag wrote that the building illustrated the difference between kitsch and camp saying Camp taste nourishes itself on the love that has gone into certain objects and personal styles The absence of this love is the reason why such kitsch items as the Tishman Building aren t Camp 240 The Top of the Sixes was also featured in media The 1990 novel Good Omens includes a scene where Famine Dr Raven Sable is having drinks at the Top of the Sixes 241 The opening lunch scene for the movie The Wolf of Wall Street was filmed there as well 242 References editNotes edit Progressive Architecture states that 2 950 panels were installed 20 It had purchased the MetLife Building in 2005 for 1 72 billion 127 and it had purchased Stuyvesant Town Peter Cooper Village in December 2006 for 5 4 billion 128 The 1 215 billion senior loan represented a 67 5 percent LTV but the appraised value reduced the LTV to a more conservative 60 75 percent making the CMBS seem safer to credit rating agencies 131 The debt service coverage ratio was 0 65 which meant the building s net cash flows could only pay for 65 percent of the senior loan s interest payments 132 Lawsky was the former New York Superintendent of Financial Services who met Wu while investigating Anbang s 2015 purchase of Fidelity amp Guaranty Life 145 1 6 billion for the office section and 1 25 billion for the retail section 148 149 These included senators Elizabeth Warren Tom Carper Gary Peters Sherrod Brown as well as United States House Committee on Oversight and Reform chair Elijah Cummings These lawmakers included Democrats such as Ted Lieu of California Jamie Raskin of Maryland and Brendan Boyle of Pennsylvania Citations edit a b 666 5th Avenue Emporis Archived from the original on February 11 2021 Retrieved January 1 2021 a b 666 5th Avenue The Skyscraper Center Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat August 24 2020 Archived from the original on June 14 2017 Retrieved June 15 2021 a b c 666 5 Avenue 10103 New York City Department of City Planning Archived from the original on June 2 2021 Retrieved March 20 2020 a b c d e f Lyman Richard B May 3 1956 New Offices Sold Leased By Tishman Prudential to Pay 55 Million in Deal New York Herald Tribune pp A8 ProQuest 1325252002 a b White Norval Willensky Elliot Leadon Fran 2010 AIA Guide to New York City 5th ed New York Oxford University Press pp 330 332 ISBN 978 0 19538 386 7 Brown Nicole March 18 2019 Why do some buildings have their own ZIP codes NYCurious amNewYork Retrieved July 8 2022 John Peirce Residence PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission June 23 2009 p 2 Archived PDF from the original on June 10 2021 Retrieved April 28 2021 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 578 a b c d e f g Chakrabarti Vishaan Keenan Jesse M 2013 666 Fifth Avenue A Case Study PDF Columbia University Center for Urban Real Estate Archived PDF from the original on July 13 2019 Retrieved June 21 2019 Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 pp 582 583 a b Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 pp 377 378 Stern Robert A M Gilmartin Gregory Massengale John Montague 1983 New York 1900 Metropolitan Architecture and Urbanism 1890 1915 New York Rizzoli p 321 ISBN 0 8478 0511 5 OCLC 9829395 a b c Title Is Acquired to 5th Ave Plot Tishman Gets the Blockfront Between 52d and 53d Sts for Office Building PDF The New York Times May 3 1955 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 15 2021 Building Demolition on 52d St Draws Cluster of Supervisors PDF The New York Times December 15 1955 p 39 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 15 2021 a b c Lord amp Taylor Plan Huge Store On 5th Ay Between 52d and 53d New York Herald Tribune August 22 1945 p 1 ProQuest 1288043607 a b c Stern Mellins amp Fishman 1995 p 377 a b Hickman Matt December 3 2020 KPF shares new renderings of a glassy revamped 660 Fifth Avenue The Architect s Newspaper Archived from the original on December 3 2020 Retrieved June 15 2021 a b c d e f g Progressive Architecture 1958 p 145 Porterfield Byron March 13 1966 Aluminum Sheathes Tall Buildings Here With Tones of Black Silver and Gold PDF The New York Times pp 356 358 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 16 2021 a b c d e f g h Bossed aluminum Curtain Wall to Surface 8 Acres PDF Progressive Architecture Vol 38 no 7 July 1957 p 92 Archived PDF from the original on August 8 2020 Retrieved June 16 2021 a b c d Aluminum Curtain Walls Are Installed In a New Building at 666 Fifth Avenue PDF The New York Times June 9 1957 p 256 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 15 2021 Structure to Get Aluminum Facing Contract for Sheathing New Office Building on 5th Ave Goes to Reynolds Metals PDF The New York Times June 10 1956 p 271 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 15 2021 a b c d e Foley Maurice February 5 1956 New Building for the East Side Skyscraper Plans PDF The New 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2021 Chapman Parke December 12 2006 Top Price for Top of the Sixes National Real Estate Investor Archived from the original on February 3 2015 Retrieved September 30 2016 a b c d Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 567 a b Plitt Amy October 16 2019 Brookfield and KPF will completely modernize 666 Fifth Avenue Curbed NY Archived from the original on October 15 2020 Retrieved June 15 2021 a b Grant Peter October 15 2019 Brookfield Embarks on High Price Makeover of Fifth Avenue Tower The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on November 7 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 a b New Renderings Reveal 39 Story Reclad of 660 Fifth Avenue in Midtown New York YIMBY November 30 2020 Archived from the original on February 17 2021 Retrieved June 15 2021 660 Fifth Avenue Brookfield Properties June 19 2021 Retrieved June 20 2021 a b c d Brookfield keeps the faith with 660 Fifth overhaul Real Estate Weekly February 3 2021 Retrieved June 20 2021 a b 660 Fifth Avenue by Kohn Pedersen Fox KPF KPF Retrieved June 20 2021 Long plagued Midtown office tower will be reborn as 660 Fifth Avenue See new looks 6sqft February 2 2021 Retrieved June 20 2021 a b Progressive Architecture 1958 p 149 a b c d Air Rights Lease Taken by Builder Tishman Acts to Expand Upper Stories of Proposed Fifth Avenue Building PDF The New York Times November 28 1955 p 44 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 15 2021 Rivets Bow To Bolts In The Christian Science Monitor January 27 1956 p 14 ProQuest 509330040 Bolted Frame Set in New Structure Bolts Instead of Rivets Used in 36 story Skyscraper Rising in Midtown PDF The New York Times April 21 1957 p 246 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 16 2021 a b c d Gleason Gene November 21 1957 Tishman Dedication Set Monday New 38 Story 5th Av Structure New York Herald Tribune p 16 ProQuest 1325286697 a b c d 666 Fifth Avenue Opens Tomorrow PDF The New York Times November 24 1957 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2020 Car Space Taken in New Building Garage Operators Lease Area in Basement at 666 Fifth Other Rentals Made PDF The New York Times July 12 1957 p 46 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 15 2021 a b Luckel Madeleine February 3 2021 This Manhattan High Rise Has Changed Its Devilish Address Architectural Digest Retrieved May 7 2022 Elevators to Adjust to Rider Demand The Christian Science Monitor November 9 1956 p 17 ProQuest 509475728 Tower Plans New Control Of Elevators Service Changes To Be Automatic New York Herald Tribune October 28 1956 pp 4C ProQuest 1323882183 Loehwing David A February 10 1958 Bright Prospects The Makers of Lighting Fixtures Look for Continued Growth Barron s National Business and Financial Weekly p 5 ProQuest 350664462 a b c Progressive Architecture 1958 p 147 a b c d e f Progressive Architecture 1958 p 146 a b Horsley Carter B The Tishman Building The Midtown Book Archived from the original on March 8 2016 Retrieved September 30 2016 a b Weiss Lois December 17 2000 Upscale Suits Will Slip Into Lobby at 666 Fifth New York Post Archived from the original on November 1 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 a b c Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 pp 565 567 a b c d e f Novel Decor Planned for Office Entry Tishman to Have Cascade in Lobby New York Herald Tribune March 4 1956 pp 1C ProQuest 1323537907 a b c d Lobby Decor Set for Skyscraper Water to Cascade Over a Glass Wall in Building at 666 Fifth Avenue PDF The New York Times March 4 1956 p R6 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 15 2021 a b c Giovannini Joseph February 25 2020 Isamu Noguchi Artwork in Midtown Building Is in Peril The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 7 2021 Retrieved June 15 2021 a b c Holusha John April 11 2001 Commercial Real Estate A Fifth Avenue Home for a Line of Men s Clothing The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 27 2015 Retrieved June 16 2021 Noguchi Isamu 2015 Isamu Noguchi a Sculptor s World Gottingen Germany Steidl p 165 ISBN 978 3 86930 915 6 OCLC 905841677 a b Dunlap David W July 29 1998 Now Landlord to Repair 2 Noguchi Sculptures The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 21 2019 Retrieved June 21 2019 Ricciulli Valeria February 26 2020 Isamu Noguchi s artwork may be removed from Midtown lobby Curbed NY Archived from the original on November 22 2020 Retrieved June 15 2021 Young Michelle December 11 2020 Isamu Noguchi Lobby at 666 Fifth Avenue Has Been Removed Untapped New York Archived from the original on February 17 2021 Retrieved June 15 2021 MTA Neighborhood Maps Midtown East Grand Central PDF Metropolitan Transportation Authority 2018 Retrieved October 1 2018 New Panel Walls Add Office Space Prefabricated Steel Gives Skyscraper 16 000 More Usable Square Feet Initial Cost Higher PDF The New York Times September 15 1957 p R15 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 16 2021 Paddleford Clementine October 24 1959 View and the Food Keep Top of the Sixes Busy New York Herald Tribune p 11 ProQuest 1327665500 Claiborne Craig October 31 1958 News of Food 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with intel ties CNN Archived from the original on January 9 2019 Retrieved January 9 2019 Helderman Rosalind S Hamburger Tom How Manafort s 2016 meeting with a Russian employee at New York cigar club goes to the heart of Mueller s probe The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Archived from the original on February 16 2021 Retrieved November 5 2020 52d St Site Bought by Lord amp Taylor Fifth Ave Blockfront Will Get New Store for Move From 38th Street About 1950 PDF The New York Times August 22 1945 p 1 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 19 2021 Lord amp Taylor Deny Sale of 5th Av Site New York Herald Tribune April 1 1948 p 36 ProQuest 1327414593 Lord amp Taylor Puts Off A Move Farther Uptown PDF The New York Times October 15 1952 p 46 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 19 2021 a b Fifth Ave to Get Skyscraper On 52d 53d St Block Front New York Herald Tribune November 9 1954 p 1 ProQuest 1318566718 Tishman to Erect 34 story Building Buys Block on Fifth Avenue for Office Structure One of Largest Planned 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Bloomberg Archived from the original on November 11 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Melby Caleb December 7 2017 Democrats Ask Kushner If He Sought Help Abroad for Tower Bloomberg Archived from the original on November 1 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Melby Caleb February 12 2018 Kushners Indebted Tower May See Vornado Unload Its Stake Bloomberg Archived from the original on June 17 2018 Retrieved June 2 2018 Grant Peter June 2 2018 Kushner Cos Signs Deal to Buy Remaining Stake in 666 Fifth Ave The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on June 2 2018 Retrieved June 2 2018 Melby Caleb June 1 2018 Kushner Buys 666 Fifth Stake Ending Rocky Vornado Partnership Bloomberg Archived from the original on June 4 2018 Retrieved June 2 2018 Bagli Charles V Kelly Kate August 3 2018 Deal Gives Kushners Cash Infusion on 666 Fifth Avenue The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 21 2018 Retrieved November 20 2018 Plitt Amy August 6 2018 Kushner Companies finally makes a deal to offload its troubled Midtown tower Curbed NY Archived from the original on November 20 2018 Retrieved November 20 2018 Brookfield Acquires 99 Year Lease on NYC tower from Kushner Company Bloomberg August 3 2018 Archived from the original on November 7 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Putzier Konrad August 13 2018 Brookfield secures option to buy land under 666 Fifth The Real Deal Archived from the original on November 4 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Grant Peter August 3 2018 Kushner Family Closes Deal to Unload 666 Fifth Avenue The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on November 2 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Levin Bess February 12 2019 Qatar Shocked Shocked to Learn It Accidentally Bailed Out Jared Kushner Vanity Fair Archived from the original on March 24 2019 Retrieved March 29 2019 a b Zhdannikov Dmitry Lash Herbert Azhar Saeed Qatar revamps investment strategy after Kushner building bailout Reuters Archived from the 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Nicholas May 20 2020 Kushner Companies Leaving 666 Fifth Avenue for GM Building Commercial Observer Archived from the original on February 8 2021 Retrieved February 16 2021 Small Eddie Jones Orion June 4 2020 Brookfield buys out another tenant at 666 Fifth The Real Deal Archived from the original on December 31 2020 Retrieved February 16 2021 Young Michael March 2 2021 Re cladding of 660 Fifth Avenue Ramps Up in Midtown Manhattan New York YIMBY Archived from the original on March 3 2021 Retrieved June 15 2021 a b Bonanos Christopher August 12 2021 So Long 666 Fifth Avenue Curbed Retrieved May 7 2022 Schulz Dana February 2 2021 Long plagued Midtown office tower will be reborn as 660 Fifth Avenue See new looks 6sqft Retrieved May 7 2022 660 Fifth Avenue s Re cladding Continues in Midtown Manhattan New York YIMBY November 10 2021 Retrieved December 15 2021 660 Fifth Avenue s New Glass Facade Continues Installation in Midtown Manhattan New York YIMBY January 18 2022 Retrieved May 7 2022 660 Fifth Avenue s Re Cladding Nears Completion in Midtown Manhattan New York YIMBY April 14 2022 Retrieved May 7 2022 Cifuentes Kevin May 16 2022 Brookfield Brings in First Tenant at 660 Fifth Avenue The Real Deal New York Retrieved September 27 2022 Grant Peter May 16 2022 WSJ News Exclusive Macquarie Signs First Lease at Fifth Avenue Office Tower Undergoing 400 Million Redevelopment The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved September 27 2022 Rizzi Nicholas August 11 2022 400 Capital Management Relocating to 26K SF at 660 Fifth Commercial Observer Retrieved September 27 2022 660 Fifth Avenue s New Curtain Wall Reaches Roof Parapet in Midtown Manhattan New York YIMBY July 21 2022 Retrieved December 20 2022 a b Ad Agency Leases Additional Space Bates Takes 47 000 Square Feet More at 666 5th Ave other Transactions The New York Times May 2 1957 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved July 8 2021 a b c Tishman Tower Meets Unusual Tenant Needs New York Herald Tribune December 1 1957 p 1C ProQuest 1324041419 Warner Bros Rent 5th Ave Offices New York Herald Tribune December 11 1956 pp B7 ProQuest 1335594779 Space on 5th Ave Taken by Revlon Cosmetic Concern Planning to Consolidate Branches in New Skyscraper Sales Center Planned Importer Takes Top Floors Alan Gallery in Deal Service Leases Space The New York Times March 4 1957 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved July 8 2021 More Space Leased in Tishman Building The New York Times December 23 1957 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 3 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 7 Floors Are Taken by Benton amp Bowles The New York Times January 7 1957 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved July 8 2021 Big Space Taken in New Building Floor and Office Area Rented in Structure at 52d St Other Business Leases Engineers Take Floor Other Leases Arranged The New York Times February 2 1957 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved July 8 2021 Xerox Move Due Lease Is Signed for Space in Tishman Building The New York Times February 6 1969 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 1 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 8 Million Lease Company Takes 2 Floors in Tishman Building The New York Times June 19 1968 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 4 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Realty News New Leases Signed In 666 Fifth Avenue The New York Times May 27 1979 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved July 8 2021 New Leases Signed In 666 Fifth Avenue The New York Times May 27 1979 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 8 2021 Retrieved November 5 2020 Commercial Property Early Lease Renewals Making Deals That Work to Everyone s Advantage The New York Times March 14 1993 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved July 8 2021 Rosen Daniel Edward July 5 2012 Akermann Senterfitt Takes 48 000 Sq Ft at 666 Fifth Avenue Commercial Observer Archived from the original on November 4 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Rizzi Nicholas December 4 2019 Law Firm Akerman Leaving 666 Fifth for 1251 Avenue of the Americas Commercial Observer Archived from the original on November 4 2020 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666 Fifth The Observer Archived from the original on October 31 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Geiger Daniel October 9 2013 Colliers to decamp to Fifth Avenue Crain s New York Archived from the original on November 5 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Dunlap David W November 14 1993 Building s New Look Shaped by Old Zoning The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 8 2021 Retrieved November 5 2020 Asset Manager Millennium Management Nabs 300K SF at 399 Park Avenue Commercial Observer December 26 2018 Archived from the original on November 2 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Bockmann Rich October 18 2018 William Blair leaving 666 Fifth for Edward Minskoff tower on Sixth Ave The Real Deal Archived from the original on November 1 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Whitehouse Franklin November 25 1968 News of Realty Bantam to Move Paperback Company Leases Space at 666 5th Avenue PDF The New York Times p 77 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 20 2021 Bartlett Sarah March 4 1992 Media Group Makes a Deal For Building The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 17 2019 Retrieved December 17 2019 Cobb Nathan June 13 1986 Will the New Superman Fly Dc Comics Is Making Over the Man of Steel The Christian Science Monitor p 37 ProQuest 294340121 Gault Ylonda March 12 1995 New York Architects Go on With the Show Crain s New York Business Vol 11 no 11 p 3 Archived from the original on November 29 2020 Retrieved June 16 2021 Bank Leases Space in Tishman Building The New York Times April 25 1959 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 8 2021 Retrieved November 5 2020 Fifth Ave Space Taken by Airline Alitalia Will Have Offices and Reservation Center in Tishman Building PDF The New York Times March 11 1958 p 49 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 15 2021 Mitgang Herbert November 13 1978 B Dalton to Open a Flagship Bookstore The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 20 2021 Retrieved June 16 2021 2 Boutiques Take Space On 5th Ave The New York Times March 10 1974 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 5 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Retail Store to Open at 666 5th Ave N B A Seeks A Net Profit The New York Times November 16 1997 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 27 2016 Retrieved November 5 2020 Jacobs Karrie October 5 1998 Hoopless Dreams New York Magazine Archived from the original on November 19 2018 Retrieved June 16 2021 POSTINGS Retail Store to Open at 666 5th Ave N B A Seeks A Net Profit The New York Times November 16 1997 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 27 2016 Retrieved June 16 2021 Rothstein Mervyn August 12 1998 Not Just Button Down Brooks Bros on Fifth The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 5 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Louie Elaine April 29 1999 Brooks Brothers Unbuttoned The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 14 2017 Retrieved June 16 2021 a b Bankrupt Hickey Freeman parent company gets 12M for 666 Fifth Ave lease The Real Deal New York June 10 2009 Retrieved August 23 2021 Chera puts his retail hat on when he gets cold shoulder Real Estate Weekly September 19 2012 Retrieved August 23 2021 Tarquinio J Alex August 19 2008 As Fifth Avenue Reshuffles Some Mass Marketers Slip In The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved August 23 2021 High rent prompts NBA to plan N Y store closing CBS Sports November 9 2010 Archived from the original on June 15 2013 Retrieved May 19 2011 Levitt David April 19 2010 New York s Fifth Ave Sets Record with Uniqlo Lease Bloomberg Archived from the original on September 20 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Weiss Lois April 8 2010 Uniqlo sets sights on 666 Fifth Ave New York Post Archived from the original on September 19 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Sauers Jenna October 18 2011 Uniqlo Opens Massive Manhattan Flagship Plots Global Domination The Observer Archived from the original on September 19 2020 Retrieved November 5 2020 Japanese Retail Phenomenon Uniqlo Selects 666 Fifth Avenue for Global Flagship Store BusinessWire com Press release New York April 20 2010 Archived from the original on October 1 2016 Retrieved September 30 2016 Chu Jeff June 18 2012 Cheap Chic And Made For All How Uniqlo Plans To Take Over Casual Fashion Fast Company Archived from the original on July 26 2012 Retrieved September 30 2016 Feran Tim Surf s up at newest Hollister store in NYC The Columbus Dispatch Archived from the original on March 8 2018 Retrieved November 5 2020 Gardner James February 3 2011 Hollister at 666 Fifth more visually appealing than Abercrombie amp Fitch flagship The Real Deal New York Archived from the original on June 1 2019 Retrieved July 8 2021 Grinspan Izzy March 22 2011 Swatch to Join Uniqlo Hollister and Zara at 666 Fifth Racked NY Retrieved July 8 2021 Pincus Adam March 21 2011 Swatch signs 80M lease at 666 Fifth Avenue The Real Deal New York Archived from the original on April 10 2016 Retrieved July 8 2021 Monaco James 1991 The Encyclopedia of Film Perigee Books p 548 ISBN 9780399516047 The 32nd Academy Awards 1960 Oscars org Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Archived from the original on May 20 2019 Retrieved January 22 2018 Sontag Susan Fall 1964 Notes on Camp Partisan Review Vol 31 no 4 pp 515 530 Note 57 Famine Good Omens Lexicon The Good Omens Lexicon Archived from the original on January 15 2021 Retrieved June 16 2021 Irving Clive March 10 2018 The Curse of 666 Fifth Avenue the Skyscraper That Could Sink the Kushners The Daily Beast Retrieved July 8 2021 Sources edit Lighting is Architecture Assertion of Purpose PDF Progressive Architecture Vol 39 no 9 September 1958 pp 145 149 Stern Robert A M Mellins Thomas Fishman David 1995 New York 1960 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial New York Monacelli Press ISBN 1 885254 02 4 OCLC 32159240 OL 1130718M Stern Robert A M Fishman David Tilove Jacob 2006 New York 2000 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium New York Monacelli Press ISBN 978 1 58093 177 9 OCLC 70267065 OL 22741487M External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to 660 Fifth Avenue Official website Profile of building on Emporis Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 660 Fifth Avenue amp oldid 1218645047, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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