Agip (Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli, English: General Italian Oil Company) is an Italian automotive gasoline, diesel, LPG, lubricants, fuel oil, and bitumen retailer established in 1926. It has been a subsidiary of the multinational petroleum company Eni since 2003, when Eni acquired Agip Petroli S.p.A., creating the Refining and Marketing Division (R&M).[2]
In 1924, Sinclair Oil, a U.S. oil company, and the Italian Ministry of National Economy created a fifty-year joint venture agreement to explore oil in Emilia-Romagna and Sicily, over an area of 40,000 km2.[3] 40% of the capital was held by the ministry, all expenditure was incurred by Sinclair Oil and 25% of profits went to the Italian ministry. The political opposition, headed by Giacomo Matteotti and Don Sturzo, alleged that the joint venture was damaging to the nation and started a controversy which led to suspicions of corruption; Matteotti indeed was killed two days before he was due to give a speech on this issue. Don Sturzo continued the controversy, stating that a public company was the only way to maintain national energy independence.
Coal in Italy was scarce and of poor quality.[4] It was imported from abroad at prices that weighed on Italy’s trade balance and limited industrial growth. Power plants, which were not very developed and mainly concentrated in the north of the country, could not satisfy the needs of energy.
The constitution of the company and the ad aziendam lawsedit
With a royal decree on April 3, 1926, the government of the Kingdom of Italy established the Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli (AGIP), a joint stock company, to conduct all activities relating to the petroleum industry. 60 percent of the share capital was held by the Ministry of the Treasury, 20% by Istituto Nazionale Assicurazioni (INA), and the remaining 20% by the Italian Social Insurance fund. The first president was Ettore Conti, a contractor in the electricity sector.[5] The establishment of the company was attributed by many analysts to Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata, Ministry of Finance, and Giuseppe Belluzzo, Ministry for the National Economy. Volpi di Misurata, however, was directly involved in oil-related interests, working together with FIAT of Giovanni Agnelli, and with the financial backing of Banca Commerciale Italiana, which had searched unsuccessfully for oil in Emilia-Romagna. In 1927 a Mining Act was enacted, which gave the ownership of the subsoil to the State and imposed the rule that any oil-related activity was subject to government authorization and/or grant.
Agip experienced difficulties after the crisis of 1929 but began to flourish in the 1930s. In 1933 a new law was issued that restrained protectionist refineries and Agip could operate with greater ease in this area.
Early stages and developmentedit
Agip had a facility for refining at Fiume and in 1936 it took over a refinery at Porto Marghera, owned by Volpi di Misurata. Soon after it made an agreement with Montecatini to create a joint enterprise, Anic (Fuel Hydrogenation National Company), which was to pursue the derivation of fuel by hydrogenation of brown coal. Anic built two refineries to process the oil extracted in Albania from Azienda Italiana Petroli Albanesi (AIPA), a subsidiary of Agip. However, the Albanian oil was of poor quality and its processing proved uneconomical.
Simultaneously, however, because of the costs to support colonial campaigns, Agip had to exit some foreign investments, in particular their exploration campaigns in Iraq. It was the explorer Ardito Desio who found oil in Libya and in 1939 came the so-called "Petrolibia operation", in which Agip was linked to FIAT, with which the year before it had created an Italian company for synthetic fuels, to explore the possibility of obtaining gasoline from synthetic chemistry.
^"Eni | Italian corporation | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
^Times, Wireless To the New York (1924-05-17). "OIL RIGHTS IN ITALY GIVEN TO SINCLAIR; Mussolini Makes Announcement, Saying That Italian Exploration Failed. FASCISTI EXPEL A LEADER Massimo Rocca, 'Legalist," Is Read Out of the Party After Premier's Return to Rome". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
^"Italy - Resources and power | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
^enrico (2022-05-19). "Enrico Mattei: From Agip to ENI". Neperos. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
Further readingedit
Pastori, Gianluca (2008). "Between Continuity and Change:the Italian Approach to Energy Security". In Marquina, Antonio (ed.). Energy Security: Visions from Asia and Europe. Palgrave MacMillan. pp. 84–100. ISBN978-1-349-30521-6.
agip, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, march, 2022, learn, w. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Agip news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Agip Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli English General Italian Oil Company is an Italian automotive gasoline diesel LPG lubricants fuel oil and bitumen retailer established in 1926 It has been a subsidiary of the multinational petroleum company Eni since 2003 when Eni acquired Agip Petroli S p A creating the Refining and Marketing Division R amp M 2 AgipFounded1926 in RomeFoundersGiuseppe Belluzzo Giuseppe Volpi 1 HeadquartersRome Milan ItalyParentEni Contents 1 History 1 1 The constitution of the company and the ad aziendam laws 1 2 Early stages and development 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksHistory editIn 1924 Sinclair Oil a U S oil company and the Italian Ministry of National Economy created a fifty year joint venture agreement to explore oil in Emilia Romagna and Sicily over an area of 40 000 km2 3 40 of the capital was held by the ministry all expenditure was incurred by Sinclair Oil and 25 of profits went to the Italian ministry The political opposition headed by Giacomo Matteotti and Don Sturzo alleged that the joint venture was damaging to the nation and started a controversy which led to suspicions of corruption Matteotti indeed was killed two days before he was due to give a speech on this issue Don Sturzo continued the controversy stating that a public company was the only way to maintain national energy independence Coal in Italy was scarce and of poor quality 4 It was imported from abroad at prices that weighed on Italy s trade balance and limited industrial growth Power plants which were not very developed and mainly concentrated in the north of the country could not satisfy the needs of energy The constitution of the company and the ad aziendam laws edit With a royal decree on April 3 1926 the government of the Kingdom of Italy established the Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli AGIP a joint stock company to conduct all activities relating to the petroleum industry 60 percent of the share capital was held by the Ministry of the Treasury 20 by Istituto Nazionale Assicurazioni INA and the remaining 20 by the Italian Social Insurance fund The first president was Ettore Conti a contractor in the electricity sector 5 The establishment of the company was attributed by many analysts to Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata Ministry of Finance and Giuseppe Belluzzo Ministry for the National Economy Volpi di Misurata however was directly involved in oil related interests working together with FIAT of Giovanni Agnelli and with the financial backing of Banca Commerciale Italiana which had searched unsuccessfully for oil in Emilia Romagna In 1927 a Mining Act was enacted which gave the ownership of the subsoil to the State and imposed the rule that any oil related activity was subject to government authorization and or grant Agip experienced difficulties after the crisis of 1929 but began to flourish in the 1930s In 1933 a new law was issued that restrained protectionist refineries and Agip could operate with greater ease in this area Early stages and development edit Agip had a facility for refining at Fiume and in 1936 it took over a refinery at Porto Marghera owned by Volpi di Misurata Soon after it made an agreement with Montecatini to create a joint enterprise Anic Fuel Hydrogenation National Company which was to pursue the derivation of fuel by hydrogenation of brown coal Anic built two refineries to process the oil extracted in Albania from Azienda Italiana Petroli Albanesi AIPA a subsidiary of Agip However the Albanian oil was of poor quality and its processing proved uneconomical Simultaneously however because of the costs to support colonial campaigns Agip had to exit some foreign investments in particular their exploration campaigns in Iraq It was the explorer Ardito Desio who found oil in Libya and in 1939 came the so called Petrolibia operation in which Agip was linked to FIAT with which the year before it had created an Italian company for synthetic fuels to explore the possibility of obtaining gasoline from synthetic chemistry Gallery edit nbsp Iringa Tanzania 1970s nbsp Novara nbsp Brandenburg nbsp Italy nbsp Czech Republic nbsp SlovakiaSee also editAGIL the short name for Societe nationale de distribution des petroles the nationalised filial in Tunisia References edit Pastori 2008 p 86 Eni Italian corporation Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2022 03 09 Times Wireless To the New York 1924 05 17 OIL RIGHTS IN ITALY GIVEN TO SINCLAIR Mussolini Makes Announcement Saying That Italian Exploration Failed FASCISTI EXPEL A LEADER Massimo Rocca Legalist Is Read Out of the Party After Premier s Return to Rome The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2022 03 09 Italy Resources and power Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2022 03 14 enrico 2022 05 19 Enrico Mattei From Agip to ENI Neperos Retrieved 2022 11 23 Further reading editPastori Gianluca 2008 Between Continuity and Change the Italian Approach to Energy Security In Marquina Antonio ed Energy Security Visions from Asia and Europe Palgrave MacMillan pp 84 100 ISBN 978 1 349 30521 6 External links editAgip Lubricants Australia Eni with you on the road Archived from the original on 2012 02 17 Eni In viaggio con te in Italian Portals nbsp Italy nbsp Companies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Agip amp oldid 1219839281, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
