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2017–18 European windstorm season

December 20, 2023

The 2017–2018 European windstorm season was the third instance of seasonal European windstorm naming. France, Spain and Portugal took part in winter storm naming for the first time this season.

2017–18 European windstorm season
First storm formed12 September 2017 (2017-09-12)
Last storm dissipated17 June 2018 (2018-06-17)
Strongest storm1Fionn –
935 hPa (27.6 inHg)
Strongest wind gustAna –
249 km/h (155 mph; 134 kn),
Austrian Alps (11 December).
Total storms18
Total damageover £7.3 billion
(€8.6 billion)
Total fatalities130
1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure and maximum recorded non-mountainous wind gust is also included for reference.
← 2016–17 (British Isles)

The season started on 12 September 2017 with the formation of Storm Aileen. It was subsequently marked by many high-impact storms which caused severe loss of life and widespread damage, including Ophelia, Eleanor, David and Emma. The season concluded on 17 June 2018 with the dissipation of off-season Storm Hector.

Background and naming edit

Main article: Winter storm naming in the United Kingdom and Ireland

In 2015, the Met Office and Met Éireann announced a pilot project to name storm warnings as part of the Name our Storms project for wind storms and asked the public for suggestions. The meteorological offices produced a full list of names for 2015–16 and 2016–17, common to both the UK and Ireland. A new list of names was released on 6 September 2017 for the 2017–18 season.[1] Names in the UK will be based on the National Severe Weather Warning Service, when a storm is assessed to have the potential for an Amber 'be prepared' or Red 'take action (danger to life)' warning.

A storm will be named when it is deemed able to have a "substantial" impact on the UK or Ireland.[clarification needed] They will be taken from the list, in alphabetical order, alternating between male and female names – the same naming convention that is used by the United States for tropical cyclones. In the case of storms resulting from ex-tropical storms and hurricanes, the original name allocated by the US National Hurricane Center will be used, an example of which during this season being Ophelia. Met Éireann name any storm which triggers a status Orange or Red weather warning for wind. The basis for such, as outlined on their weather warning service, are mean wind speeds in excess of 80 km/h (50 mph; 43 kn) or gusts over 130 km/h (81 mph; 70 kn).[2] Similarly, the Met Office name storms that have the potential to cause medium (Amber) or high (Red) impacts to the UK. It describes the wind strength relative to observations such as "falling trees or tiles, other items like garden furniture being blown around and even a number of properties left without electrical power."[clarification needed][citation needed]

On 1 December 2017, the national meteorological services of Spain (Aemet), France (Météo-France) and Portugal (IPMA) announced that they would begin naming storms affecting their nations in co-ordination, under the auspices of EUMETNET.[3][4][5]

United Kingdom and Ireland edit

  • Aileen
  • Brian
  • Caroline
  • Dylan
  • Eleanor
  • Fionn
  • Georgina
  • Hector
  • Iona (unused)
  • James (unused)
  • Karen (unused)
  • Larry (unused)
  • Maeve (unused)
  • Niall (unused)
  • Octavia (unused)
  • Paul (unused)
  • Rebecca (unused)
  • Simon (unused)
  • Tali (unused)
  • Victor (unused)
  • Winifred (unused)

The Met Office's and Met Éireann's announcement of the season's names also noted that Fionn is to be pronounced Fyunn, Niall is to be pronounced Nye-ul and Tali is to be pronounced Tarly.[6]

France, Spain and Portugal edit

  • Hugo
  • Irene
  • Jose (unused)
  • Katia (unused)
  • Leo (unused)
  • Marina (unused)
  • Nuno (unused)
  • Olivia (unused)
  • Pierre (unused)
  • Rosa (unused)
  • Samuel (unused)
  • Telma (unused)
  • Vasco (unused)
  • Wiam (unused)

Other naming systems edit

One former Atlantic hurricane transitioned into a European windstorm and retained its name as assigned by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida:

Another internationally recognised, but unofficial, naming system for European windstorms is the Adopt a Vortex program of the Free University of Berlin.[7] Participants can ask the FUB to give their names, for example as a birthday present, to high or low pressure systems that affect European weather. The naming service of the FUB is commercial and is the main meteorological naming system in Germany. The names Xavier and Herwart were given by the FUB to major storms this season. Its naming program is recognised in some other European countries, although the British-Irish and the French-Spanish-Portuguese naming co-operations are gaining importance. Furthermore, besides of the three internationally recognised naming systems (the two European co-operations and the FUB system), many European countries (Norway, Finland, Denmark etc.) give their own names to cyclones. One of the 16 storms of the season was not named by the three main naming systems: instead it was called Cora in Norway and Aku in Finland.

Season summary edit

2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm Hector2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm Irene2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm Hugo2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm Gisele2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm FelixStorm Emma (2018)2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm GeorginaStorm David2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm FionnStorm Eleanor (2018)2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm Carmen2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm Dylan2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm Bruno2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm Ana2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm Caroline2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm BrianHurricane Ophelia (2017)2017–18 European windstorm season#Storm Aileen

The 2017–18 UK and Ireland windstorm season began on September with storm Aileen, which brought strong winds to Scotland and Northern England on 13 September. Then followed Ophelia which was once a Category 3 major hurricane and the easternmost major hurricane on record; a red (severe) wind warning was issued for many parts in Ireland. Less than a week later, storm Brian rapidly intensified from a trough of low pressure out in the Atlantic. After a rather quiet November without any named systems (like quiet Septembers and Octobers of the previous two years), Caroline and Dylan formed in December followed by Eleanor early in January 2018. In the middle of January, the extremely deep and large arctic low Fionn affected both the UK and Ireland and steered David, a smaller but more intense storm, on a westerly track over Ireland, the UK and Central Europe. The last storm in January was Georgina, a cyclone that mainly affected Ireland and Scotland.

A total of 10 storms affected both the UK and Ireland in that season. Three of these – Ophelia, David and Emma – were named by foreign agencies. Six storms were named by the new co-operation of the meteorological services of France, Spain and Portugal. Two of these – David and Emma – also affected Britain and Ireland significantly.

The impact of the deadly winter storm Emma was intensified by the collision with the Beast from the East cold wave (anticyclone Hartmut). Cora, another significant windstorm, affected Scandinavia, Norway and Sweden in particular. Cora delivered the highest known gust of the European windstorm season. As a European total, 18 windstorms (one "off-season") affected the continent.

Storms edit

Storm Aileen edit

Aileen
 
Aileen located over the North Sea on 13 September 2017
Area affectedNorthwestern Europe
Date of impact12–18 September[8][9]
Maximum wind gust161 km/h (100 mph; 87 kn) Borkum Island, Germany[10]
Lowest pressure978 hPa (28.9 inHg)[11]
Fatalities3[12]
Power outages69,000
Damage> £8 million (€10 million)[13]

Aileen formed on 12 September, with the Met Office issuing an Amber wind warning, becoming the first named storm of the season. Aileen affected Cheshire, Lancashire, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire during the evening of 12 September and into the morning of 13 September with winds of over 65 km/h (40 mph; 35 kn). Gusts up to around 110 km/h (68 mph; 59 kn)[14] were also seen in exposed locations such as along coastlines and over high ground in these areas.[15] A Yellow weather warning for rain was also issued for parts of Northern Ireland, northern England and southern Scotland, as Aileen dropped 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) of rain within 6–9 hours in these areas, causing some disruption from localised flooding.[15] The heaviest rainfall was recorded at Bainbridge, North Yorkshire, with 35.4 mm (1.39 in) falling overnight.[16]

During Aileen, approximately 60,000 homes in Wales and almost 9,000 across England suffered power cuts.[16][17] The strongest gusts, of 83 mph (134 km/h; 72 kn), were recorded at The Needles, Isle of Wight.[16] The strongest gust on mainland Britain, of 74 mph (119 km/h; 64 kn), was recorded at Mumbles, Wales.[16]

Aileen later crossed the North Sea and intensified, going on to affect Germany, where it was known as Cyclone Sebastian.[18]

Ex-Hurricane Ophelia edit

Main article: Hurricane Ophelia (2017)
Ophelia
 
Ex-Hurricane Ophelia moving over Ireland on 16 October
Area affectedPortugal, Spain, France, Ireland, United Kingdom, Faroe Islands, Norway
Date of impact16–20 October[19][20]
Maximum wind gust191 km/h (119 mph; 103 kn) at Fastnet Rock, Ireland[21]
Lowest pressure958 hPa (28.3 inHg)[22]
Fatalities3
Power outages360,000
Damage> £75 million (€90 million)[23]

On 12 October, the Met Office issued yellow weather warnings relating to the extra-tropical remnants of the former Hurricane Ophelia, estimated to affect the UK and Ireland on 16 October.[24] Met Éireann issued an update on 12 October in response to media coverage about possible impacts which might occur in Ireland, highlighting the uncertainties still in the forecast modelling. Met Éireann asked people to keep up to date with changes in the forecast as the storm evolved and confidence in any likely impacts increased.[25] On 14 October Met Éireann issued a red warning for the counties of Galway, Mayo, Clare, Cork and Kerry for 16–17 October,[26] (extended to Limerick, Waterford and Wexford on 15 October)[27] with an orange warning for the rest of the country.[28] Red warnings were extended again on the evening of 15 October to the whole of Ireland.[29] On 15 October the Met Office issued amber warnings for the six counties of Northern Ireland, and updated the yellow warnings in place for England, Wales and Scotland.[30] The Met Office updated its amber warnings to include parts of west Wales, southwest Scotland and the Isle of Man on the morning of 16 October.[31]

In County Waterford, a woman was killed when a tree fell on her car, caused by the winds from Ophelia's remnants.[32] A man died near Dundalk, County Louth, after a tree struck his car.[33] A man was killed in Cahir, County Tipperary, while trying to clear a fallen tree with a chainsaw.[33] Two more people were subsequently killed in Ireland from the combined effects of Ophelia and the subsequent Storm Brian.

Storm Brian edit

Brian
 
Brian located over the eastern Atlantic on 20 October
Area affectedIreland, United Kingdom, northern France
Date of impact19–23 October[34][35]
Maximum wind gust137 km/h (85 mph; 74 kn) Needles, United Kingdom[36]
Lowest pressure956 hPa (28.2 inHg)[37]
Fatalities3
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageMinimal
 
Brian over the Irish Sea on 21 October

On 13 October, the US National Hurricane Center designated a tropical wave in the Atlantic Ocean to the east of the Lesser Antilles as Invest 92L, giving the system a 40% chance of developing into a tropical cyclone. The NHC continued monitoring the system as it moved slowly north-west, bringing heavy rainfall and flooding to Puerto Rico and the British and US Virgin Islands before turning to the north-east.[38] However, on 16 October, the NHC discontinued monitoring the system as it passed Bermuda without any considerable impact, having failed to transition into a tropical cyclone.[citation needed]

Subsequently, the area of low pressure began to rapidly intensify as it accelerated eastward across the open Atlantic, developing into a powerful extratropical cyclone.[37] On 19 October, Met Éireann issued an orange wind warning for 21 October in counties Galway and Mayo, thus naming storm Brian.[39] On 20 October Met Éireann extended orange warnings to the counties of Clare, Kerry, Waterford and Wexford.[40] The UK Environment Agency warned that storm Brian could combine with high tides and lead to a heightened risk of flooding on the south coast of the UK.[41]

Brian moved over Ireland close to Galway around 07:00 local time on 21 October.[42]

A 67-year-old man drowned after being swept from the sea wall at Dawlish during the storm.[43] Two more people were killed in Ireland from the combined effects of Brian and the prior Ex-Hurricane Ophelia.[clarification needed]

Storm Caroline edit

Caroline
 
Caroline approaching Britain and Ireland on 5 December
Area affectedIreland, Scotland, Faroe Islands, Norway
Date of impact6–11 December[44][45]
Maximum wind gust150 km/h (93 mph; 81 kn) Fair Isle, United Kingdom[46]
Lowest pressure958 hPa (28.3 inHg)[47]
Fatalities1
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageMinimal

The Met Office named storm Caroline on 5 December to affect Scotland on 7 December, with a yellow warning for wind,[48] which was upgraded on 6 December to an amber warning for the Western Isles, Northern Isles and northern Scotland. Met Éireann issued a yellow warning for wind to the counties of Donegal, Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Sligo, Clare and Kerry.[49] In its wake, the storm delivered snowy and icy conditions to parts of England and Wales as the winds turned to the north as the system moved into Scandinavia on 8 December, accumulations of 11 cm were recorded on lower ground in Northern Ireland, with a few centimetres of snow in Wales and North-western England. Even with Caroline being located around Scandinavia, Caroline was still impacting the UK weather with a continuation of cold, Arctic air.[citation needed]

 
Seviri RGB Airmass view

Storm Ana edit

Ana
 
Storm Ana over northwestern France
Area affectedPortugal, Spain, France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Scandinavia, Russia
Date of impact10–16 December[50][51]
Maximum wind gust249 km/h (155 mph; 134 kn)
Austrian Alps (11 December).
Lowest pressure957 hPa (28.3 inHg)
Fatalities1
Power outagesUnspecified
Damage> £175 million (€200 million)[52]

Storm Ana was the first storm to ever be officially named by Météo-France, Aemet and IPMA. It formed on 10 December as an area of low pressure that underwent explosive cyclogenesis[Note 1] to the northwest of Iberia passing through the Bay of Biscay into France on the morning of 11 December.[4] It then took a northeasterly direction to affect the Low Countries, Germany, Austria, Scandinavia and eventually Russia.

The highest gusts from Ana reached 249 km/h (155 mph; 134 kn) in the Austrian Alps, and its minimal pressure reached 957 hPa (28.3 inHg) on the morning of 11 December. Severe flooding was reported in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy on 12 December, caused by heavy rainfall from a trailing front from Ana and rapid snowmelt due to a large temperature rise caused by Ana's passage. Damage from flooding in Italy reached €105 million.

Storm Bruno edit

Bruno
 
Storm Bruno over the North Sea
Area affectedPortugal, Spain, France
Date of impact26–30 December[53][54]
Maximum wind gust154 km/h (96 mph; 83 kn)
Lowest pressure976 hPa (28.8 inHg)[55]
Fatalities3
Power outagesUnspecified
Damage> £60 million (€70 million)[52]

On 26 December 2017, wind warnings were issued in Spain for an area of low pressure that was expected to undergo explosive cyclogenesis. Ultimately, Storm Bruno brought over 25 cm (9.8 in) of snow, wind gusts exceeding 100 km/h (62 mph; 54 kn), and waves as high as 8 m (26 ft) to Spain. One fatality occurred after a man drowned while windsurfing in rough seas. Another fatality occurred after a man was swept off his balcony by high winds and onto his patio, where he immediately succumbed to his injuries.

Storm Dylan edit

Dylan
 
Dylan approaching Britain and Ireland on 30 December 2017
Area affectedIreland, Northern Ireland
Date of impact30 December–3 January[54][56]
Maximum wind gust124 km/h (77 mph; 67 kn)[57]
Lowest pressure966 hPa (28.5 inHg)
Fatalities0
Power outages7,500+[58]
DamageMinimal

Storm Dylan affected the UK on New Year's Eve. This was the sixth storm of the 2017/2018 winter, and was a fairly typical Atlantic Storm, with winds gusting at 58 mph around exposed coastlines. There were reports of fallen trees across Northern Ireland, fallen trees in the south-west of England and some travel disruption. Snow and ice caused some travel disruption over the Pennines too. Weathermen were required to know which way the wind blew as many were forced to take shelter from the storm. As typical for Storm Dylan, a hard rain did indeed fall, buckets of it in fact, with many caught blowing in the wind, though never quite becoming a hurricane.[59]

 
Satellite loop 30–31 December of storm Dylan/Horst from EUMETSAT.

Storm Carmen edit

Carmen
 
Storm Carmen over northern France
Area affectedFrance, Belgium
Date of impact31 December–3 January[60][56]
Maximum wind gust161 km/h (100 mph; 87 kn), Mount Aigoual[61] (alt 1,567 m [5,141 ft])
Lowest pressure989 hPa (29.2 inHg)[62]
Fatalities1
Power outages65,000+[63]
Damage> £800 million (€900 million)[64]

Storm Carmen began as an area of low pressure in late December 2017. The storm went under some intensification before affecting France and other western European countries with strong winds. A man was killed by Carmen as a tree had fallen on his car during new year celebrations, and a 60-metre-tall (200 ft) wind turbine was blown over in the western Vendée region due to extreme winds.[65]

Storm Eleanor edit

Main article: Storm Eleanor (2018)
Eleanor
 
Eleanor approaching Britain and Ireland on 2 January 2018
Area affectedIreland, Great Britain, Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands and Switzerland
Date of impact2–5 January[66][67]
Maximum wind gust226 km/h (140 mph; 122 kn), Goldau[68]
Lowest pressure966 hPa (28.5 inHg)[69]
Fatalities7
Power outages150,000+[70]
Damage> £850 million (€1 billion)[71]

Named by Met Éireann on 1 January with Amber Wind Warning in force for 2 January. Forecast to bring gusts of 110–130 km/h (68–81 mph; 59–70 kn) into the evening. The Met Office also issued a Yellow Wind Warning for 2–3 January, only to upgrade it to an amber warning across Northern England and Southern Scotland 3 hours prior making landfall in the UK.

 
Satellite loop of Eleanor from EUMETSAT.
 
Floods in river Rhine after the storm (Burglind), 8 January in Cologne (Germany)

As Eleanor neared Ireland, it brought heavy rainfall and squally weather followed by very strong gusts of 156 km/h (97 mph; 84 kn) in Knock Airport in Republic of Ireland.[72] As Eleanor tracked further North-east she continued to strengthen as a sting-jet like feature was evident, however, it did not form. Eleanor also produced thunderstorms and intense hail across England and Wales. The worst damage happened in Northern Ireland.

According to the UK Met Office, gusts reached 90 mph (140 km/h; 78 kn) in Orlock Head, while a mountain weather station in Great Dun Fell recorded 100 mph (160 km/h; 87 kn) gusts.[73]

Storm Fionn edit

Fionn
 
Storm Fionn west of Ireland on 16 January
Area affectedIreland, Iceland, Greenland, United Kingdom, France, Central Europe
Date of impact14–21 January[74][75]
Maximum wind gust237 km/h (147 mph; 128 kn) (Botnsheidi, Iceland)[76]
Lowest pressure935 hPa (27.6 inHg)[77] [Note 1]
Fatalities0
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageMinimal

On 16 January Met Éireann issued orange marine weather warnings for wind to storm force from Roches Point to Slyne Head to Malin Head,[78] along with orange national weather warnings for Donegal, Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Sligo, Clare, Cork and Kerry for 16–17 January, so naming storm Fionn.[79][80] This system, also called Evi by the FUB, was meteorologically speaking a very deep and large Icelandic low that bottomed out at a central pressure of 935 hPa (27.6 inHg) and dominated the weather in the North Atlantic and Northern Europe for several days in the middle of January 2018. This low had a large and intense wind field on its southern flank, fuelling a strong jetstream that steered the less deep but much more catastrophic Cyclone David into the UK and Ireland and Central Europe on 18 January. After the arrival of David, Fionn weakened and David became the more dominant low, leading to the decay and dissipation of Fionn.

 
Synoptic chart of Fionn (as a "squeeze in isobars")[81] 16–17 January preceding the low (David/Friederike) moving towards Ireland visible on the last two frames from KNMI

As Fionn neared Ireland, it brought heavy winds to Donegal, Sligo, Mayo, Clare, Leitrim and Cork.

On 16 January the Met Office sent out a clarifying tweet that Fionn was only expected to bring strong winds to western Ireland, with impacts to the UK to be expected to be below their warning thresholds. In the tweet they pointed to a separate weather system to affect the UK on 17–18 January,[82] later named David by MeteoFrance, this name was reciprocally adopted by the Met Office and Met Eireann. The low David was named Friederike by the Free University of Berlin, with the name Georgina at that time remaining unused.[83]

Met Éireann's decision to name Fionn was met with some criticism from some meteorologists, Liam Dutton tweeted that he thought the warning did not strictly accompany a cyclonic area of low pressure, but a "squeeze of isobars" circulating a low hundreds of kilometres (miles) distant in the region of the Faroes, stating that it "needed no more than a standard weather warning".[81] He highlighted the difference in criteria for naming storms employed by the Met Office and Met Éireann (the UK Met Office uses an impact-based criteria, based on the level of expected impacts the weather will bring, whereas the Irish Met Éireann uses fixed numerical criteria, meaning a storm will be named when mean wind speeds are likely to occur, between 65 and 80 km/h [40 and 50 mph; 35 and 43 kn] and/or gusts between 110 and 130 km/h [68 and 81 mph; 59 and 70 kn]).[81]

Evelyn Cusack of Met Éireann said that she understood Dutton's point, stating that his criticisms were well made.[84] She reiterated that the orange warning issued by Met Éireann fulfilled their criteria for naming the storm, producing severe winds, coastal flooding and high waves on the Irish coast, even if the centre of circulation was distant.[84]

 
Relative locations of storms Fionn, and Friederike (David).
 
Low pressure centre of Fionn moves close to Iceland 1800 UTC 16 January 2018– 0300 UTC 17 January 2018, bringing high winds to western Ireland.

Storm David/Friederike edit

Main article: Storm David
David (FRA), Friederike (GER)
 
David on 18 January, centred over Benelux or Western Germany
Area affectedBritain, Ireland, France, Benelux, Central Europe, Italy, Eastern Europe
Date of impact17–21 January[85][75]
Maximum wind gust203 km/h (126 mph; 110 kn), Brocken, Saxony-Anhalt[86] (at altitude)
150 km/h (93 mph; 81 kn), Capel Curig, Wales[87] (alt 216 m [709 ft])[88]
Lowest pressure974 hPa (28.8 inHg)[86]
Fatalities13[89][90][91][92]
Power outages471,000+[93][94][90][95]
Damage> £3.5 billion (€4.2 billion)[71]

Storm David (also named Friederike),[96] affected an area of Europe from northern France and England, through the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and the Alps to Poland and the Czech Republic, starting on the evening of 17 January until 19 January.[97] David brought heavy snowfall on its northern flank and high winds (sustained winds up to Bft. 11, widespread hurricane-force gusts) on its southern flank.[98] In some locations, both the high winds and the snowfall occurred, creating blizzard conditions.[99] Amsterdam Airport Schiphol was closed,[100] as well as some airports in Germany. European railroad companies (e.g. the Deutsche Bahn in Germany) could only offer very limited transportation services, if any.[101] Road traffic was similarly disrupted by windthrow, snow, ice, high crosswinds, and by traffic jams that were caused by incidents related to the storm. Widespread damage to manmade structures and to forests occurred.[102] Germany was the worst-hit country as there were 10 known deaths as well as a damage total as high as several hundreds of millions. David/Friederike was the most devastating windstorm in Germany after Cyclone Kyrill in 2007. Coincidentally, Friederike and Kyrill both struck Central Europe on 18 January, albeit 11 years apart.

This storm, which proved to have catastrophic effects, originated from a low pressure trough in the Western Atlantic that stretched from the Southern Caribbean to Newfoundland on 14 January — 16.[103] After gaining a closed circulation near or over Newfoundland on 16 January, the new cyclone entered the very strong southern wind field of the Icelandic Low Fionn, crossing the Atlantic in less than two days and being steered into Europe. Upon the formation of the precursor trough, the GFS and ECMWF correctly predicted that system to impact Europe as a windstorm. Between 14 and 19 January, the binary storm complex that consisted of Fionn and David brought high winds and snowfall to large portions of Europe. After the storms have passed, they left behind an improved weather situation in Europe that was calmer, drier and warmer.

The storm also brought some hurricane-force gusts and heavy snowfall to Britain and Ireland and caused 140,000 power cuts there. Nevertheless, the storm impacted the Netherlands and Germany in a much more dramatic way. The UK Met Office did not give David a name from its own storm naming list as it did not expect the storm to have a significant impact on Britain, which proved to be an underestimation.

Storm Georgina edit

Georgina
 
Excellently well-defined low pressure centre of Georgina passing just north of Scotland
Area affectedIreland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Norway
Date of impact23–27 January[104][105]
Maximum wind gust225 km/h (140 mph; 121 kn),[106] Glencoe Ski area, United Kingdom
Lowest pressure959 hPa (28.3 inHg)[107]
Fatalities0
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageMinimal

Georgina was a fairly typical winter storm with maximum gust speeds of 60 to 70 mph around exposed coastlines, but gusts approached 60 mph inlands across parts of England and Wales.The strongest winds were near the centre of the low across northern Scotland, with the highest gust of 85 mph at South Uist, Western Isles. Winds gusted close to 115 mph across the tops of the Scottish mountains and here there were very challenging conditions with snow at high levels adding to already very significant accumulations for the winter so far. The storm hampered the search for a missing hillwalker on Ben Nevis who had previously fallen through a cornice.[108]

Storm Emma edit

Main article: Storm Emma (2018)
Emma (POR), Ulrike (GER)
 
Emma, an extensive cyclone and potential blizzard, on 26 February while being centred near the Azores and threatening Portugal
Area affectedAzores, Madeira, Canary Islands, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, France, Great Britain and Ireland
Date of impact26 February–7 March[109][110]
Maximum wind gust228 km/h (142 mph; 123 kn), Mont Aigoual, France (alt 1,567 m [5,141 ft])[111][Note 2]
Lowest pressure963 hPa (28.4 inHg)[112]
Fatalities95[71]
Power outagesUnspecified
Damage> £1.8 billion (€2.1 billion)[71]

Storm Emma (also named Ulrike) was named while it was centred over the Azores and threatened to strike Western Europe as a blizzard. The cyclone affected Iberia, Great Britain and Ireland on its track, causing high winds and snowfall, leading to blizzard conditions.[113]

As Emma neared southwest England, it brought new cold air to the UK and Ireland, prolonging the cold period.[114] Meteorologists observed the collision of Emma and Anticyclone Hartmut dubbed the Beast from the East by the press, and the interaction of the two highly different air masses worsened the wind and snowfall posed by Emma. Starting on 1 March 2018, the collision of Emma and Hartmut triggered numerous hurricane-force gusts in southern Europe and the United Kingdom. The highest of these gusts occurred in the morning of 1 March on Mount Aigoual in southern France at 228 km/h (142 mph; 123 kn).[111]

On 1 March 2018, UK authorities issued a red warning in Wales and south-west England as citizens in Scotland spent up to 20 hours in their cars stuck in traffic in frigid weather and a 46-year-old Southampton man died in a motor vehicle accident on the A34. Schools across the UK were closed in the face of oncoming blizzards, strong winds, and heavy snowfall. Traffic was significantly hindered by the Beast from the East.[115] In Lincolnshire commuters near Boston were stranded by snow and had to freed by farmers with tractors, a minimum of 20 cars and HGVs were snowed in on the A46 close to Faldingworth. The Royal Air Force deployed 4×4 vehicles to transport health and emergency workers.[116] Trains were cancelled across the UK, with over 20 rail operators running at reduced capacity; London's Paddington Station closed for about three hours and 50 stations in Kent closed because of inclement weather. Air travel has been similarly curtailed, as terminals all over the country cancel flights.[115] At least three people died in the UK as a result of the storm.[117]

In Ireland snow began to fall in the east of the country on Tuesday 27 February. Snow continued in the east on Wednesday the 28th, with well over 15 cm (5.9 in) reported in many areas. Schools closed on Wednesday the 28th in affected areas. Panic buying of food was seen as Storm Emma approached. Emma made landfall on the south coast on Thursday 1 March and swept northward. All schools were closed on Thursday 1 March and Friday the 2nd nationwide with a red weather warning put in place by Met Eireann. High winds and heavy snowfall on top of the already lying snow led to drifting and severe disruption. Many roads were left impassable, particularly in rural areas and in North Kildare, West Wicklow and Wexford respectively. Power outages and water cuts were reported widely. A Lidl supermarket was torn down and looted in Fortunestown, Tallaght during the chaos caused by the storm. Over 50 cm (20 in) of lying snow was reported in some locations, with drifts many feet high on many rural routes. Some rural villages were cut off for many days. A slow thaw ensued. Many schools remained closed in Kildare, Wicklow and Wexford on Monday 5 March as local authorities continued to attempt to clear roads. [118]

 
Satellite view showing the beginning interaction of Cyclone Emma nearing from the Southwest and Anticyclone Hartmut (Beast from the East cold wave) covering Europe from the Northeast on 27 February. As the collision of the systems continued, Emma's structure became much more distorted on 28 February.[119] In early March, several gusts higher than 200 km/h (120 mph; 110 kn) occurred in the collision zone that was in Spain and France; Likewise, Britain received some gusts higher than 150 km/h (93 mph; 81 kn).

Storm Felix edit

See also: March 1–3, 2018 nor'easter
Felix
 
Felix in the Bay of Biscay on 11 March
Area affectedAzores, Madeira, Canary Islands, Portugal, Spain, France
Date of impact9–16 March[120][121]
Maximum wind gust150 km/h (93 mph; 81 kn), Madeira, Portugal
Lowest pressure967 hPa (28.6 inHg)[122]
Fatalities0
Power outagesUnspecified
Damage> £7.5 million (€9 million)[123]

Storm Felix formed from the remnants of the nor'easter which affected the eastern United States in early March 2018. After moving out into the Atlantic, the low-pressure system which caused the nor'easter quickly deepened to a minimum pressure of 967 hPa (28.6 inHg). Felix was subsequently named by IPMA of Portugal on 9 March, as orange weather warnings were issued for Madeira and surrounding islands. Winds gusting up to 150 km/h (93 mph; 81 kn) were recorded in the mountains of Madeira and up to 120 km/h (75 mph; 65 kn) at Madeira Airport.[124]

Felix subsequently approached mainland Portugal, where red wind warnings were issued along the central coast and winds reaching 100 km/h (62 mph; 54 kn) were observed. Red warnings were also issued ahead of the storm in northern Spain, as Felix veered northwards into the Bay of Biscay.[124] Felix weakened as it moved further east, making landfall in central France as a minimal storm.

Storm Gisele edit

Gisele
 
Gisele on 14 March
Area affectedAzores, mainland Portugal, Spain
Date of impact14–18 March[125][126]
Maximum wind gust110 km/h (68 mph; 59 kn)
Lowest pressure968 hPa (28.6 inHg)
Fatalities0
Power outagesUnspecified
Damage> £7.5 million (€9 million)[123]

Storm Gisele was named by the Spanish AEMET agency on 14 March, as the system was undergoing rapid intensification in the central Atlantic. Around the same time, IPMA in Portugal issued orange wind warnings for the Azores archipelago as Gisele approached. Across the islands, winds of up to 100 km/h (62 mph; 54 kn) were recorded. Gisele subsequently continued northeastwards; orange wind warnings were issued for mainland Portugal and northern Spain, warning of wind impacts and coastal damage. Gisele then made landfall in mainland Portugal, with mesovortices within an unstable cold front bringing isolated gusts of up to 110 km/h (68 mph; 59 kn) and at least one confirmed tornado.[124]

Storm Hugo edit

Hugo
 
Hugo on 23 March
Area affectedPortugal
Date of impact23–29 March[127][128]
Maximum wind gust120 km/h (75 mph; 65 kn)
Lowest pressure971 hPa (28.7 inHg)
Fatalities0
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageMinimal

Storm Hugo was named by AEMET on 23 March, as it was undergoing explosive intensification in the mid-Atlantic; as a result, the agency issued a Special Warning regarding the formation of Hugo. Subsequently, AEMET issued red weather warnings for northern Portugal and orange warnings for the remainder of the mainland coast, with yellow warnings of wind and snow being issued further inland. Wind gusts of up to 100 km/h (62 mph; 54 kn) were recorded widely, with gusts of up to 120 km/h (75 mph; 65 kn) recorded in coastal areas in the north of the country.[124]

Storm Irene edit

Irene
 
Irene on 16 April
Area affectedAzores
Date of impact15–25 April[129][130]
Maximum wind gust110 km/h (68 mph; 59 kn)
Lowest pressure952 hPa (28.1 inHg)
Fatalities0
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageMinimal

Storm Irene was named by the Azores Regional Department of Portugal's IPMA meteorological agency on 16 April. Moving swiftly northwards, Irene intensified into an unusually strong low for the region at this time of year, crossing the Azores archipelago with a minimum pressure of 952 hPa (28.1 inHg) and winds of up to 110 km/h (68 mph; 59 kn). As a result, orange weather warnings were issued for the islands. After crossing the Azores, Irene moved northwestwards into the open Atlantic and weakened, dissipating over the northern Atlantic without again affecting land.[124]

Storm Hector edit

Hector
 
Hector north of the British Isles on 14 June
Area affectedIreland, United Kingdom and Norway
Date of impact13–17 June[131][132]
Maximum wind gust110 km/h (70 mph; 61 kn), Cairngorms, Scotland[133]
Lowest pressure971 hPa (28.7 inHg)[134]
Fatalities0
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageMinimal

Hector was the last-named storm of the 2017–2018 season which brought heavy rain and strong winds across the north of the UK and Ireland throughout 13 and 14 June. Met Éireann named the storm as an orange warning for wind was issued on 13 June. The storm arrived after a week-long spell of hot and sunny weather. Strong winds brought disruption to road and rail services, with widespread reports of fallen trees. The Forth and Tay bridges in Scotland were restricted to high sided vehicles as was the Tees flyover in northern England. Ferry services were also affected. Reports of flying debris hospitalised one individual in Edinburgh. Meanwhile, rough seas battered coastal communities. Widespread loss of power was reported in areas of Northern Ireland with up to 26,000 homes and businesses affected. Storm Hector did however bring a boost to the UK's energy supply in the form of wind power.[135]

Other systems edit

Several notable extratropical cyclones affecting Europe went officially unnamed throughout the season as they did not affect any of the countries involved in issuing names; however, many of these did receive unofficial names from the Free University of Berlin. Cyclone Thomas rapidly deepened as it crossed Romania on 17–18 September,[9] bringing intense straight-line winds to the country. Eight people were killed, with more than 137 injuries and 7,000 damage claims reported, totalling around US$9.4 million in damage.[13]

Cyclone Xavier crossed northern Europe in early October 2017. Germany was the worst affected country, with high winds between 4 and 6 October causing severe damage, including in and around Berlin. Further damage was reported in the Czech Republic, where the highest winds of up to 201 km/h (125 mph; 109 kn) were recorded, and in Poland. In total, Xavier killed nine people – seven in Germany and two in Poland – and caused at least £180 million (€200 million) in damage.[23]

Cyclone Herwart initially formed as a secondary low to a more northerly centre of low pressure (named Grischa) coming southward from the Svalbard Islands region in late October. Herwart then went through the Fujiwhara effect with this system, rotating counterclockwise around the main low pressure area, passing over Norway, Sweden, Latvia and then losing power while moving over western Russia. In Denmark, which was hit on 28 October, the storm was named Ingolf. In Hungary, the storm was named Nárcisz (Narcissus), a Hungarian female name whose name day is on 29 October. In total, Herwart killed ten people across central Europe and caused £800 million (€950 million) in damage.[136]

Cyclone Reinhard (also known locally as Storm Ylva) made landfall in Norway on 23 November, with high winds and heavy rainfall causing millions of euros worth of damage. There were hundreds of reports of damage across southern Norway, but no reports of injuries or fatalities.[137]

A low-pressure area known as Storm Cora in Norway and Ex-Blizzard Aku in Finland brought wind gusts of up to 274 km/h (170 mph; 148 kn) to these areas in January 2018.

Season effects edit

Storm Dates active Highest wind gust Lowest pressure Casualties Damages Affected areas
Aileen 12–18 September 160 km/h (100 mph; 87 kn) 978 hPa (28.9 inHg) 3 £8 million (€10 million) Ireland, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Germany
Ophelia 16–20 October 191 km/h (119 mph; 103 kn)[21] 958 hPa (28.3 inHg) 3 £75 million (€90 million) Azores, Portugal, Spain, France, Ireland, United Kingdom, Faroe Islands, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Russia
Brian 19–23 October 137 km/h (85 mph; 74 kn)[36] 956 hPa (28.2 inHg) 3 Minimal Ireland, United Kingdom, northern France
Caroline 6–11 December 150 km/h (93 mph; 81 kn)[138] 958 hPa (28.3 inHg) 1 Minimal Ireland, Scotland, Faroe Islands, Norway
Ana 10–16 December 249 km/h (155 mph; 135 kn) 957 hPa (28.3 inHg) 1 £175 million (€200 million) Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria, Switzerland, Scandinavia, Russia
Bruno 26–30 December 154 km/h (96 mph; 83 kn) 976 hPa (28.8 inHg) 3 £60 million (€70 million) Portugal, Spain, France
Dylan 30 December–3 January 124 km/h (77 mph; 67 kn)[139] 966 hPa (28.5 inHg)[140] 0 Minimal Ireland, Northern Ireland
Carmen 31 December–3 January 160 km/h (100 mph; 87 kn) 989 hPa (29.2 inHg) 1 £800 million (€900 million) France, Belgium
Eleanor 2–5 January 230 km/h (140 mph; 120 kn)[141] 966 hPa (28.5 inHg) 7 £850 million (€1 billion) Ireland, Great Britain, Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland
Fionn 14–21 January 237 km/h (147 mph; 128 kn) 935 hPa (27.6 inHg)[77] [Note 1] 0 Minimal Ireland, Scotland, Iceland, Greenland, United Kingdom, France, Central Europe
David 17–21 January 203 km/h (126 mph; 109 kn) 974 hPa (28.8 inHg)[86] 13 £3.5 billion (€4.2 billion) United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia
Georgina 23–27 January 230 km/h (140 mph; 120 kn) 959 hPa (28.3 inHg) 0 Minimal Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Norway
Emma 26 February–7 March 229 km/h (142 mph; 123 kn) 963 hPa (28.4 inHg) 95 £1.8 billion (€2.1 billion) Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, France, Great Britain and Ireland
Felix 9–16 March 150 km/h (93 mph; 81 kn) 967 hPa (28.6 inHg) 0 £7.5 million (€9 million) Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, Portugal, Spain, France
Gisele 14–18 March 109 km/h (68 mph; 59 kn) 968 hPa (28.6 inHg) 0 £7.5 million (€9 million) Azores, mainland Portugal, Spain
Hugo 23–29 March 121 km/h (75 mph; 65 kn) 971 hPa (28.7 inHg) 0 Minimal Portugal
Irene 15–25 April 109 km/h (68 mph; 59 kn) 952 hPa (28.1 inHg) 0 Minimal Azores
Hector 13–17 June 110 km/h (70 mph; 61 kn) 971 hPa (28.7 inHg) 0 Minimal Ireland and Great Britain
18 windstorms 12 September 2017 – 17 June 2018 249 km/h (155 mph; 135 kn) 935 hPa (27.6 inHg) 130 £7.3 billion (€8.6 billion)

Storms named by European meteorological services edit

 
IR satellite loop storm Herwart (Ingolf) on 29 October 2017
 
Satellite loop of Friederike (David) airmass from EUMETSAT.
  • Aileen (UK/IE), Sebastian (Free University of Berlin), 12–13 September.
  • Xavier (Free University of Berlin), 4–6 October.
  • Brian (UK/IE), Elmar (Free University of Berlin), 21 October.
  • Herwart (FUB),[142] Ingolf (dk)[143] Grzegorz (Polish derivative of the FUB name)[144][verification needed], 28–29 October.
  • Ylva (No),[145] Reinhard (FUB),[146] 22–23 November.
  • Caroline (UK/IE), Walter (FUB), Aina (No),[147] 7–8 December 2017.
  • Ana (Fr/Es/Pt),[3] Yves (FUB), 10–11 December.
  • Birk (No-for heavy rainfall),[148] Diethelm (FUB), 23 December 2017.
  • Bruno (Fr/Es/Pt), Edilbert (FUB), 26–27 December 2017.[149]
  • Dylan (UK/IE), Horst (FUB), 29–31 December 2017.[150]
  • Carmen (Fr/Es/Pt), Ingmar (FUB), 1 January 2018.[151]
  • Eleanor (UK/IE), Burglind (FUB), 2–3 January 2018.[152]
  • Aku (Fin),[153] Cora (No),[154] Unnamed (FUB) -later absorbed by Christine, 7 January 2018.
  • Fionn (UK/IE), Evi (FUB), 16 January 2018.
  • David (Fr/Es/Pt),[155] Friederike (FUB),[156] 18 January 2018.
  • Georgina (UK/IE),[157] Helene (FUB), 23–24 January 2018.
  • Emma (Fr/Es/Pt), Ulrike (FUB), 26 February-5 March 2018
  • Felix (Fr/Es/Pt),[158] Yuliya (FUB), 10–11 March 2018
  • Gisele (Fr/Es/Pt),[159] Zsuzsa (FUB), 14 March 2018.
  • Hugo (Fr/Es/Pt)[160] Carola (FUB) 24–25 March 2018.
  • Irene (Fr/Es/Pt) 30 March–10 April 2018.

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Lowest pressure for the cyclonic centre of Fionn was achieved on 14 January to the north of Iceland, at the time of Fionn's naming on 16 January the cyclonic centre had substantially filled to about 961 hPa (28.4 inHg).[161]
  2. ^ The 228-kilometre-per-hour (142 mph; 123 kn) gust occurred in the squeezed isobar region between the centres of Emma and Hartmut, thus it was probably caused by the mixed effects of the two systems due to their collision.[162]

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External links edit

  • UK Storm Centre 3 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  • Met Éireann
  • Met Office past weather events: Ophelia


December 20, 2023
2017, european, windstorm, season, this, article, lead, section, short, adequately, summarize, points, please, consider, expanding, lead, provide, accessible, overview, important, aspects, article, november, 2020, 2017, 2018, european, windstorm, season, third. This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article November 2020 The 2017 2018 European windstorm season was the third instance of seasonal European windstorm naming France Spain and Portugal took part in winter storm naming for the first time this season 2017 18 European windstorm seasonFirst storm formed12 September 2017 2017 09 12 Last storm dissipated17 June 2018 2018 06 17 Strongest storm1Fionn 935 hPa 27 6 inHg Strongest wind gustAna 249 km h 155 mph 134 kn Austrian Alps 11 December Total storms18Total damageover 7 3 billion 8 6 billion Total fatalities1301Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure and maximum recorded non mountainous wind gust is also included for reference 2016 17 British Isles 2018 19 The season started on 12 September 2017 with the formation of Storm Aileen It was subsequently marked by many high impact storms which caused severe loss of life and widespread damage including Ophelia Eleanor David and Emma The season concluded on 17 June 2018 with the dissipation of off season Storm Hector Contents 1 Background and naming 1 1 United Kingdom and Ireland 1 2 France Spain and Portugal 1 3 Other naming systems 2 Season summary 3 Storms 3 1 Storm Aileen 3 2 Ex Hurricane Ophelia 3 3 Storm Brian 3 4 Storm Caroline 3 5 Storm Ana 3 6 Storm Bruno 3 7 Storm Dylan 3 8 Storm Carmen 3 9 Storm Eleanor 3 10 Storm Fionn 3 11 Storm David Friederike 3 12 Storm Georgina 3 13 Storm Emma 3 14 Storm Felix 3 15 Storm Gisele 3 16 Storm Hugo 3 17 Storm Irene 3 18 Storm Hector 3 19 Other systems 4 Season effects 5 Storms named by European meteorological services 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksBackground and naming editMain article Winter storm naming in the United Kingdom and Ireland In 2015 the Met Office and Met Eireann announced a pilot project to name storm warnings as part of the Name our Storms project for wind storms and asked the public for suggestions The meteorological offices produced a full list of names for 2015 16 and 2016 17 common to both the UK and Ireland A new list of names was released on 6 September 2017 for the 2017 18 season 1 Names in the UK will be based on the National Severe Weather Warning Service when a storm is assessed to have the potential for an Amber be prepared or Red take action danger to life warning A storm will be named when it is deemed able to have a substantial impact on the UK or Ireland clarification needed They will be taken from the list in alphabetical order alternating between male and female names the same naming convention that is used by the United States for tropical cyclones In the case of storms resulting from ex tropical storms and hurricanes the original name allocated by the US National Hurricane Center will be used an example of which during this season being Ophelia Met Eireann name any storm which triggers a status Orange or Red weather warning for wind The basis for such as outlined on their weather warning service are mean wind speeds in excess of 80 km h 50 mph 43 kn or gusts over 130 km h 81 mph 70 kn 2 Similarly the Met Office name storms that have the potential to cause medium Amber or high Red impacts to the UK It describes the wind strength relative to observations such as falling trees or tiles other items like garden furniture being blown around and even a number of properties left without electrical power clarification needed citation needed On 1 December 2017 the national meteorological services of Spain Aemet France Meteo France and Portugal IPMA announced that they would begin naming storms affecting their nations in co ordination under the auspices of EUMETNET 3 4 5 United Kingdom and Ireland edit Aileen Brian Caroline Dylan Eleanor Fionn Georgina Hector Iona unused James unused Karen unused Larry unused Maeve unused Niall unused Octavia unused Paul unused Rebecca unused Simon unused Tali unused Victor unused Winifred unused The Met Office s and Met Eireann s announcement of the season s names also noted that Fionn is to be pronounced Fyunn Niall is to be pronounced Nye ul and Tali is to be pronounced Tarly 6 France Spain and Portugal edit Ana Bruno Carmen David Emma Felix Gisele Hugo Irene Jose unused Katia unused Leo unused Marina unused Nuno unused Olivia unused Pierre unused Rosa unused Samuel unused Telma unused Vasco unused Wiam unused Other naming systems edit One former Atlantic hurricane transitioned into a European windstorm and retained its name as assigned by the National Hurricane Center in Miami Florida OpheliaAnother internationally recognised but unofficial naming system for European windstorms is the Adopt a Vortex program of the Free University of Berlin 7 Participants can ask the FUB to give their names for example as a birthday present to high or low pressure systems that affect European weather The naming service of the FUB is commercial and is the main meteorological naming system in Germany The names Xavier and Herwart were given by the FUB to major storms this season Its naming program is recognised in some other European countries although the British Irish and the French Spanish Portuguese naming co operations are gaining importance Furthermore besides of the three internationally recognised naming systems the two European co operations and the FUB system many European countries Norway Finland Denmark etc give their own names to cyclones One of the 16 storms of the season was not named by the three main naming systems instead it was called Cora in Norway and Aku in Finland Season summary editThe 2017 18 UK and Ireland windstorm season began on September with storm Aileen which brought strong winds to Scotland and Northern England on 13 September Then followed Ophelia which was once a Category 3 major hurricane and the easternmost major hurricane on record a red severe wind warning was issued for many parts in Ireland Less than a week later storm Brian rapidly intensified from a trough of low pressure out in the Atlantic After a rather quiet November without any named systems like quiet Septembers and Octobers of the previous two years Caroline and Dylan formed in December followed by Eleanor early in January 2018 In the middle of January the extremely deep and large arctic low Fionn affected both the UK and Ireland and steered David a smaller but more intense storm on a westerly track over Ireland the UK and Central Europe The last storm in January was Georgina a cyclone that mainly affected Ireland and Scotland A total of 10 storms affected both the UK and Ireland in that season Three of these Ophelia David and Emma were named by foreign agencies Six storms were named by the new co operation of the meteorological services of France Spain and Portugal Two of these David and Emma also affected Britain and Ireland significantly The impact of the deadly winter storm Emma was intensified by the collision with the Beast from the East cold wave anticyclone Hartmut Cora another significant windstorm affected Scandinavia Norway and Sweden in particular Cora delivered the highest known gust of the European windstorm season As a European total 18 windstorms one off season affected the continent Storms editStorm Aileen edit Aileen nbsp Aileen located over the North Sea on 13 September 2017Area affectedNorthwestern EuropeDate of impact12 18 September 8 9 Maximum wind gust161 km h 100 mph 87 kn Borkum Island Germany 10 Lowest pressure978 hPa 28 9 inHg 11 Fatalities3 12 Power outages69 000Damage gt 8 million 10 million 13 Aileen formed on 12 September with the Met Office issuing an Amber wind warning becoming the first named storm of the season Aileen affected Cheshire Lancashire Derbyshire Yorkshire Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire during the evening of 12 September and into the morning of 13 September with winds of over 65 km h 40 mph 35 kn Gusts up to around 110 km h 68 mph 59 kn 14 were also seen in exposed locations such as along coastlines and over high ground in these areas 15 A Yellow weather warning for rain was also issued for parts of Northern Ireland northern England and southern Scotland as Aileen dropped 30 40 mm 1 2 1 6 in of rain within 6 9 hours in these areas causing some disruption from localised flooding 15 The heaviest rainfall was recorded at Bainbridge North Yorkshire with 35 4 mm 1 39 in falling overnight 16 During Aileen approximately 60 000 homes in Wales and almost 9 000 across England suffered power cuts 16 17 The strongest gusts of 83 mph 134 km h 72 kn were recorded at The Needles Isle of Wight 16 The strongest gust on mainland Britain of 74 mph 119 km h 64 kn was recorded at Mumbles Wales 16 Aileen later crossed the North Sea and intensified going on to affect Germany where it was known as Cyclone Sebastian 18 Ex Hurricane Ophelia edit Main article Hurricane Ophelia 2017 Ophelia nbsp Ex Hurricane Ophelia moving over Ireland on 16 OctoberArea affectedPortugal Spain France Ireland United Kingdom Faroe Islands NorwayDate of impact16 20 October 19 20 Maximum wind gust191 km h 119 mph 103 kn at Fastnet Rock Ireland 21 Lowest pressure958 hPa 28 3 inHg 22 Fatalities3Power outages360 000Damage gt 75 million 90 million 23 On 12 October the Met Office issued yellow weather warnings relating to the extra tropical remnants of the former Hurricane Ophelia estimated to affect the UK and Ireland on 16 October 24 Met Eireann issued an update on 12 October in response to media coverage about possible impacts which might occur in Ireland highlighting the uncertainties still in the forecast modelling Met Eireann asked people to keep up to date with changes in the forecast as the storm evolved and confidence in any likely impacts increased 25 On 14 October Met Eireann issued a red warning for the counties of Galway Mayo Clare Cork and Kerry for 16 17 October 26 extended to Limerick Waterford and Wexford on 15 October 27 with an orange warning for the rest of the country 28 Red warnings were extended again on the evening of 15 October to the whole of Ireland 29 On 15 October the Met Office issued amber warnings for the six counties of Northern Ireland and updated the yellow warnings in place for England Wales and Scotland 30 The Met Office updated its amber warnings to include parts of west Wales southwest Scotland and the Isle of Man on the morning of 16 October 31 In County Waterford a woman was killed when a tree fell on her car caused by the winds from Ophelia s remnants 32 A man died near Dundalk County Louth after a tree struck his car 33 A man was killed in Cahir County Tipperary while trying to clear a fallen tree with a chainsaw 33 Two more people were subsequently killed in Ireland from the combined effects of Ophelia and the subsequent Storm Brian Storm Brian edit Brian nbsp Brian located over the eastern Atlantic on 20 OctoberArea affectedIreland United Kingdom northern FranceDate of impact19 23 October 34 35 Maximum wind gust137 km h 85 mph 74 kn Needles United Kingdom 36 Lowest pressure956 hPa 28 2 inHg 37 Fatalities3Power outagesUnspecifiedDamageMinimal nbsp Brian over the Irish Sea on 21 OctoberOn 13 October the US National Hurricane Center designated a tropical wave in the Atlantic Ocean to the east of the Lesser Antilles as Invest 92L giving the system a 40 chance of developing into a tropical cyclone The NHC continued monitoring the system as it moved slowly north west bringing heavy rainfall and flooding to Puerto Rico and the British and US Virgin Islands before turning to the north east 38 However on 16 October the NHC discontinued monitoring the system as it passed Bermuda without any considerable impact having failed to transition into a tropical cyclone citation needed Subsequently the area of low pressure began to rapidly intensify as it accelerated eastward across the open Atlantic developing into a powerful extratropical cyclone 37 On 19 October Met Eireann issued an orange wind warning for 21 October in counties Galway and Mayo thus naming storm Brian 39 On 20 October Met Eireann extended orange warnings to the counties of Clare Kerry Waterford and Wexford 40 The UK Environment Agency warned that storm Brian could combine with high tides and lead to a heightened risk of flooding on the south coast of the UK 41 Brian moved over Ireland close to Galway around 07 00 local time on 21 October 42 A 67 year old man drowned after being swept from the sea wall at Dawlish during the storm 43 Two more people were killed in Ireland from the combined effects of Brian and the prior Ex Hurricane Ophelia clarification needed Storm Caroline edit Caroline nbsp Caroline approaching Britain and Ireland on 5 DecemberArea affectedIreland Scotland Faroe Islands NorwayDate of impact6 11 December 44 45 Maximum wind gust150 km h 93 mph 81 kn Fair Isle United Kingdom 46 Lowest pressure958 hPa 28 3 inHg 47 Fatalities1Power outagesUnspecifiedDamageMinimalThe Met Office named storm Caroline on 5 December to affect Scotland on 7 December with a yellow warning for wind 48 which was upgraded on 6 December to an amber warning for the Western Isles Northern Isles and northern Scotland Met Eireann issued a yellow warning for wind to the counties of Donegal Galway Leitrim Mayo Sligo Clare and Kerry 49 In its wake the storm delivered snowy and icy conditions to parts of England and Wales as the winds turned to the north as the system moved into Scandinavia on 8 December accumulations of 11 cm were recorded on lower ground in Northern Ireland with a few centimetres of snow in Wales and North western England Even with Caroline being located around Scandinavia Caroline was still impacting the UK weather with a continuation of cold Arctic air citation needed nbsp Seviri RGB Airmass view Storm Ana edit Ana nbsp Storm Ana over northwestern FranceArea affectedPortugal Spain France Germany Belgium Netherlands Austria Switzerland Italy Scandinavia RussiaDate of impact10 16 December 50 51 Maximum wind gust249 km h 155 mph 134 kn Austrian Alps 11 December Lowest pressure957 hPa 28 3 inHg Fatalities1Power outagesUnspecifiedDamage gt 175 million 200 million 52 Storm Ana was the first storm to ever be officially named by Meteo France Aemet and IPMA It formed on 10 December as an area of low pressure that underwent explosive cyclogenesis Note 1 to the northwest of Iberia passing through the Bay of Biscay into France on the morning of 11 December 4 It then took a northeasterly direction to affect the Low Countries Germany Austria Scandinavia and eventually Russia The highest gusts from Ana reached 249 km h 155 mph 134 kn in the Austrian Alps and its minimal pressure reached 957 hPa 28 3 inHg on the morning of 11 December Severe flooding was reported in the Emilia Romagna region of northern Italy on 12 December caused by heavy rainfall from a trailing front from Ana and rapid snowmelt due to a large temperature rise caused by Ana s passage Damage from flooding in Italy reached 105 million Storm Bruno edit Bruno nbsp Storm Bruno over the North SeaArea affectedPortugal Spain FranceDate of impact26 30 December 53 54 Maximum wind gust154 km h 96 mph 83 kn Lowest pressure976 hPa 28 8 inHg 55 Fatalities3Power outagesUnspecifiedDamage gt 60 million 70 million 52 On 26 December 2017 wind warnings were issued in Spain for an area of low pressure that was expected to undergo explosive cyclogenesis Ultimately Storm Bruno brought over 25 cm 9 8 in of snow wind gusts exceeding 100 km h 62 mph 54 kn and waves as high as 8 m 26 ft to Spain One fatality occurred after a man drowned while windsurfing in rough seas Another fatality occurred after a man was swept off his balcony by high winds and onto his patio where he immediately succumbed to his injuries Storm Dylan edit Dylan nbsp Dylan approaching Britain and Ireland on 30 December 2017Area affectedIreland Northern IrelandDate of impact30 December 3 January 54 56 Maximum wind gust124 km h 77 mph 67 kn 57 Lowest pressure966 hPa 28 5 inHg Fatalities0Power outages7 500 58 DamageMinimalStorm Dylan affected the UK on New Year s Eve This was the sixth storm of the 2017 2018 winter and was a fairly typical Atlantic Storm with winds gusting at 58 mph around exposed coastlines There were reports of fallen trees across Northern Ireland fallen trees in the south west of England and some travel disruption Snow and ice caused some travel disruption over the Pennines too Weathermen were required to know which way the wind blew as many were forced to take shelter from the storm As typical for Storm Dylan a hard rain did indeed fall buckets of it in fact with many caught blowing in the wind though never quite becoming a hurricane 59 nbsp Satellite loop 30 31 December of storm Dylan Horst from EUMETSAT Storm Carmen edit Carmen nbsp Storm Carmen over northern FranceArea affectedFrance BelgiumDate of impact31 December 3 January 60 56 Maximum wind gust161 km h 100 mph 87 kn Mount Aigoual 61 alt 1 567 m 5 141 ft Lowest pressure989 hPa 29 2 inHg 62 Fatalities1Power outages65 000 63 Damage gt 800 million 900 million 64 Storm Carmen began as an area of low pressure in late December 2017 The storm went under some intensification before affecting France and other western European countries with strong winds A man was killed by Carmen as a tree had fallen on his car during new year celebrations and a 60 metre tall 200 ft wind turbine was blown over in the western Vendee region due to extreme winds 65 Storm Eleanor edit Main article Storm Eleanor 2018 Eleanor nbsp Eleanor approaching Britain and Ireland on 2 January 2018Area affectedIreland Great Britain Belgium France Germany Netherlands and SwitzerlandDate of impact2 5 January 66 67 Maximum wind gust226 km h 140 mph 122 kn Goldau 68 Lowest pressure966 hPa 28 5 inHg 69 Fatalities7Power outages150 000 70 Damage gt 850 million 1 billion 71 Named by Met Eireann on 1 January with Amber Wind Warning in force for 2 January Forecast to bring gusts of 110 130 km h 68 81 mph 59 70 kn into the evening The Met Office also issued a Yellow Wind Warning for 2 3 January only to upgrade it to an amber warning across Northern England and Southern Scotland 3 hours prior making landfall in the UK nbsp Satellite loop of Eleanor from EUMETSAT nbsp Floods in river Rhine after the storm Burglind 8 January in Cologne Germany As Eleanor neared Ireland it brought heavy rainfall and squally weather followed by very strong gusts of 156 km h 97 mph 84 kn in Knock Airport in Republic of Ireland 72 As Eleanor tracked further North east she continued to strengthen as a sting jet like feature was evident however it did not form Eleanor also produced thunderstorms and intense hail across England and Wales The worst damage happened in Northern Ireland According to the UK Met Office gusts reached 90 mph 140 km h 78 kn in Orlock Head while a mountain weather station in Great Dun Fell recorded 100 mph 160 km h 87 kn gusts 73 Storm Fionn edit Fionn nbsp Storm Fionn west of Ireland on 16 JanuaryArea affectedIreland Iceland Greenland United Kingdom France Central EuropeDate of impact14 21 January 74 75 Maximum wind gust237 km h 147 mph 128 kn Botnsheidi Iceland 76 Lowest pressure935 hPa 27 6 inHg 77 Note 1 Fatalities0Power outagesUnspecifiedDamageMinimalOn 16 January Met Eireann issued orange marine weather warnings for wind to storm force from Roches Point to Slyne Head to Malin Head 78 along with orange national weather warnings for Donegal Galway Leitrim Mayo Sligo Clare Cork and Kerry for 16 17 January so naming storm Fionn 79 80 This system also called Evi by the FUB was meteorologically speaking a very deep and large Icelandic low that bottomed out at a central pressure of 935 hPa 27 6 inHg and dominated the weather in the North Atlantic and Northern Europe for several days in the middle of January 2018 This low had a large and intense wind field on its southern flank fuelling a strong jetstream that steered the less deep but much more catastrophic Cyclone David into the UK and Ireland and Central Europe on 18 January After the arrival of David Fionn weakened and David became the more dominant low leading to the decay and dissipation of Fionn nbsp Synoptic chart of Fionn as a squeeze in isobars 81 16 17 January preceding the low David Friederike moving towards Ireland visible on the last two frames from KNMIAs Fionn neared Ireland it brought heavy winds to Donegal Sligo Mayo Clare Leitrim and Cork On 16 January the Met Office sent out a clarifying tweet that Fionn was only expected to bring strong winds to western Ireland with impacts to the UK to be expected to be below their warning thresholds In the tweet they pointed to a separate weather system to affect the UK on 17 18 January 82 later named David by MeteoFrance this name was reciprocally adopted by the Met Office and Met Eireann The low David was named Friederike by the Free University of Berlin with the name Georgina at that time remaining unused 83 Met Eireann s decision to name Fionn was met with some criticism from some meteorologists Liam Dutton tweeted that he thought the warning did not strictly accompany a cyclonic area of low pressure but a squeeze of isobars circulating a low hundreds of kilometres miles distant in the region of the Faroes stating that it needed no more than a standard weather warning 81 He highlighted the difference in criteria for naming storms employed by the Met Office and Met Eireann the UK Met Office uses an impact based criteria based on the level of expected impacts the weather will bring whereas the Irish Met Eireann uses fixed numerical criteria meaning a storm will be named when mean wind speeds are likely to occur between 65 and 80 km h 40 and 50 mph 35 and 43 kn and or gusts between 110 and 130 km h 68 and 81 mph 59 and 70 kn 81 Evelyn Cusack of Met Eireann said that she understood Dutton s point stating that his criticisms were well made 84 She reiterated that the orange warning issued by Met Eireann fulfilled their criteria for naming the storm producing severe winds coastal flooding and high waves on the Irish coast even if the centre of circulation was distant 84 nbsp Relative locations of storms Fionn and Friederike David nbsp Low pressure centre of Fionn moves close to Iceland 1800 UTC 16 January 2018 0300 UTC 17 January 2018 bringing high winds to western Ireland Storm David Friederike edit Main article Storm David David FRA Friederike GER nbsp David on 18 January centred over Benelux or Western GermanyArea affectedBritain Ireland France Benelux Central Europe Italy Eastern EuropeDate of impact17 21 January 85 75 Maximum wind gust203 km h 126 mph 110 kn Brocken Saxony Anhalt 86 at altitude 150 km h 93 mph 81 kn Capel Curig Wales 87 alt 216 m 709 ft 88 Lowest pressure974 hPa 28 8 inHg 86 Fatalities13 89 90 91 92 Power outages471 000 93 94 90 95 Damage gt 3 5 billion 4 2 billion 71 Storm David also named Friederike 96 affected an area of Europe from northern France and England through the Netherlands Belgium Germany and the Alps to Poland and the Czech Republic starting on the evening of 17 January until 19 January 97 David brought heavy snowfall on its northern flank and high winds sustained winds up to Bft 11 widespread hurricane force gusts on its southern flank 98 In some locations both the high winds and the snowfall occurred creating blizzard conditions 99 Amsterdam Airport Schiphol was closed 100 as well as some airports in Germany European railroad companies e g the Deutsche Bahn in Germany could only offer very limited transportation services if any 101 Road traffic was similarly disrupted by windthrow snow ice high crosswinds and by traffic jams that were caused by incidents related to the storm Widespread damage to manmade structures and to forests occurred 102 Germany was the worst hit country as there were 10 known deaths as well as a damage total as high as several hundreds of millions David Friederike was the most devastating windstorm in Germany after Cyclone Kyrill in 2007 Coincidentally Friederike and Kyrill both struck Central Europe on 18 January albeit 11 years apart This storm which proved to have catastrophic effects originated from a low pressure trough in the Western Atlantic that stretched from the Southern Caribbean to Newfoundland on 14 January 16 103 After gaining a closed circulation near or over Newfoundland on 16 January the new cyclone entered the very strong southern wind field of the Icelandic Low Fionn crossing the Atlantic in less than two days and being steered into Europe Upon the formation of the precursor trough the GFS and ECMWF correctly predicted that system to impact Europe as a windstorm Between 14 and 19 January the binary storm complex that consisted of Fionn and David brought high winds and snowfall to large portions of Europe After the storms have passed they left behind an improved weather situation in Europe that was calmer drier and warmer The storm also brought some hurricane force gusts and heavy snowfall to Britain and Ireland and caused 140 000 power cuts there Nevertheless the storm impacted the Netherlands and Germany in a much more dramatic way The UK Met Office did not give David a name from its own storm naming list as it did not expect the storm to have a significant impact on Britain which proved to be an underestimation Storm Georgina edit Georgina nbsp Excellently well defined low pressure centre of Georgina passing just north of ScotlandArea affectedIreland Northern Ireland Scotland NorwayDate of impact23 27 January 104 105 Maximum wind gust225 km h 140 mph 121 kn 106 Glencoe Ski area United KingdomLowest pressure959 hPa 28 3 inHg 107 Fatalities0Power outagesUnspecifiedDamageMinimalGeorgina was a fairly typical winter storm with maximum gust speeds of 60 to 70 mph around exposed coastlines but gusts approached 60 mph inlands across parts of England and Wales The strongest winds were near the centre of the low across northern Scotland with the highest gust of 85 mph at South Uist Western Isles Winds gusted close to 115 mph across the tops of the Scottish mountains and here there were very challenging conditions with snow at high levels adding to already very significant accumulations for the winter so far The storm hampered the search for a missing hillwalker on Ben Nevis who had previously fallen through a cornice 108 Storm Emma edit Main article Storm Emma 2018 Emma POR Ulrike GER nbsp Emma an extensive cyclone and potential blizzard on 26 February while being centred near the Azores and threatening PortugalArea affectedAzores Madeira Canary Islands Morocco Portugal Spain France Great Britain and IrelandDate of impact26 February 7 March 109 110 Maximum wind gust228 km h 142 mph 123 kn Mont Aigoual France alt 1 567 m 5 141 ft 111 Note 2 Lowest pressure963 hPa 28 4 inHg 112 Fatalities95 71 Power outagesUnspecifiedDamage gt 1 8 billion 2 1 billion 71 Storm Emma also named Ulrike was named while it was centred over the Azores and threatened to strike Western Europe as a blizzard The cyclone affected Iberia Great Britain and Ireland on its track causing high winds and snowfall leading to blizzard conditions 113 As Emma neared southwest England it brought new cold air to the UK and Ireland prolonging the cold period 114 Meteorologists observed the collision of Emma and Anticyclone Hartmut dubbed the Beast from the East by the press and the interaction of the two highly different air masses worsened the wind and snowfall posed by Emma Starting on 1 March 2018 the collision of Emma and Hartmut triggered numerous hurricane force gusts in southern Europe and the United Kingdom The highest of these gusts occurred in the morning of 1 March on Mount Aigoual in southern France at 228 km h 142 mph 123 kn 111 On 1 March 2018 UK authorities issued a red warning in Wales and south west England as citizens in Scotland spent up to 20 hours in their cars stuck in traffic in frigid weather and a 46 year old Southampton man died in a motor vehicle accident on the A34 Schools across the UK were closed in the face of oncoming blizzards strong winds and heavy snowfall Traffic was significantly hindered by the Beast from the East 115 In Lincolnshire commuters near Boston were stranded by snow and had to freed by farmers with tractors a minimum of 20 cars and HGVs were snowed in on the A46 close to Faldingworth The Royal Air Force deployed 4 4 vehicles to transport health and emergency workers 116 Trains were cancelled across the UK with over 20 rail operators running at reduced capacity London s Paddington Station closed for about three hours and 50 stations in Kent closed because of inclement weather Air travel has been similarly curtailed as terminals all over the country cancel flights 115 At least three people died in the UK as a result of the storm 117 In Ireland snow began to fall in the east of the country on Tuesday 27 February Snow continued in the east on Wednesday the 28th with well over 15 cm 5 9 in reported in many areas Schools closed on Wednesday the 28th in affected areas Panic buying of food was seen as Storm Emma approached Emma made landfall on the south coast on Thursday 1 March and swept northward All schools were closed on Thursday 1 March and Friday the 2nd nationwide with a red weather warning put in place by Met Eireann High winds and heavy snowfall on top of the already lying snow led to drifting and severe disruption Many roads were left impassable particularly in rural areas and in North Kildare West Wicklow and Wexford respectively Power outages and water cuts were reported widely A Lidl supermarket was torn down and looted in Fortunestown Tallaght during the chaos caused by the storm Over 50 cm 20 in of lying snow was reported in some locations with drifts many feet high on many rural routes Some rural villages were cut off for many days A slow thaw ensued Many schools remained closed in Kildare Wicklow and Wexford on Monday 5 March as local authorities continued to attempt to clear roads 118 nbsp Satellite view showing the beginning interaction of Cyclone Emma nearing from the Southwest and Anticyclone Hartmut Beast from the East cold wave covering Europe from the Northeast on 27 February As the collision of the systems continued Emma s structure became much more distorted on 28 February 119 In early March several gusts higher than 200 km h 120 mph 110 kn occurred in the collision zone that was in Spain and France Likewise Britain received some gusts higher than 150 km h 93 mph 81 kn Storm Felix edit See also March 1 3 2018 nor easter Felix nbsp Felix in the Bay of Biscay on 11 MarchArea affectedAzores Madeira Canary Islands Portugal Spain FranceDate of impact9 16 March 120 121 Maximum wind gust150 km h 93 mph 81 kn Madeira PortugalLowest pressure967 hPa 28 6 inHg 122 Fatalities0Power outagesUnspecifiedDamage gt 7 5 million 9 million 123 Storm Felix formed from the remnants of the nor easter which affected the eastern United States in early March 2018 After moving out into the Atlantic the low pressure system which caused the nor easter quickly deepened to a minimum pressure of 967 hPa 28 6 inHg Felix was subsequently named by IPMA of Portugal on 9 March as orange weather warnings were issued for Madeira and surrounding islands Winds gusting up to 150 km h 93 mph 81 kn were recorded in the mountains of Madeira and up to 120 km h 75 mph 65 kn at Madeira Airport 124 Felix subsequently approached mainland Portugal where red wind warnings were issued along the central coast and winds reaching 100 km h 62 mph 54 kn were observed Red warnings were also issued ahead of the storm in northern Spain as Felix veered northwards into the Bay of Biscay 124 Felix weakened as it moved further east making landfall in central France as a minimal storm Storm Gisele edit Gisele nbsp Gisele on 14 MarchArea affectedAzores mainland Portugal SpainDate of impact14 18 March 125 126 Maximum wind gust110 km h 68 mph 59 kn Lowest pressure968 hPa 28 6 inHg Fatalities0Power outagesUnspecifiedDamage gt 7 5 million 9 million 123 Storm Gisele was named by the Spanish AEMET agency on 14 March as the system was undergoing rapid intensification in the central Atlantic Around the same time IPMA in Portugal issued orange wind warnings for the Azores archipelago as Gisele approached Across the islands winds of up to 100 km h 62 mph 54 kn were recorded Gisele subsequently continued northeastwards orange wind warnings were issued for mainland Portugal and northern Spain warning of wind impacts and coastal damage Gisele then made landfall in mainland Portugal with mesovortices within an unstable cold front bringing isolated gusts of up to 110 km h 68 mph 59 kn and at least one confirmed tornado 124 Storm Hugo edit Hugo nbsp Hugo on 23 MarchArea affectedPortugalDate of impact23 29 March 127 128 Maximum wind gust120 km h 75 mph 65 kn Lowest pressure971 hPa 28 7 inHg Fatalities0Power outagesUnspecifiedDamageMinimalStorm Hugo was named by AEMET on 23 March as it was undergoing explosive intensification in the mid Atlantic as a result the agency issued a Special Warning regarding the formation of Hugo Subsequently AEMET issued red weather warnings for northern Portugal and orange warnings for the remainder of the mainland coast with yellow warnings of wind and snow being issued further inland Wind gusts of up to 100 km h 62 mph 54 kn were recorded widely with gusts of up to 120 km h 75 mph 65 kn recorded in coastal areas in the north of the country 124 Storm Irene edit Irene nbsp Irene on 16 AprilArea affectedAzoresDate of impact15 25 April 129 130 Maximum wind gust110 km h 68 mph 59 kn Lowest pressure952 hPa 28 1 inHg Fatalities0Power outagesUnspecifiedDamageMinimalStorm Irene was named by the Azores Regional Department of Portugal s IPMA meteorological agency on 16 April Moving swiftly northwards Irene intensified into an unusually strong low for the region at this time of year crossing the Azores archipelago with a minimum pressure of 952 hPa 28 1 inHg and winds of up to 110 km h 68 mph 59 kn As a result orange weather warnings were issued for the islands After crossing the Azores Irene moved northwestwards into the open Atlantic and weakened dissipating over the northern Atlantic without again affecting land 124 Storm Hector edit Hector nbsp Hector north of the British Isles on 14 JuneArea affectedIreland United Kingdom and NorwayDate of impact13 17 June 131 132 Maximum wind gust110 km h 70 mph 61 kn Cairngorms Scotland 133 Lowest pressure971 hPa 28 7 inHg 134 Fatalities0Power outagesUnspecifiedDamageMinimalHector was the last named storm of the 2017 2018 season which brought heavy rain and strong winds across the north of the UK and Ireland throughout 13 and 14 June Met Eireann named the storm as an orange warning for wind was issued on 13 June The storm arrived after a week long spell of hot and sunny weather Strong winds brought disruption to road and rail services with widespread reports of fallen trees The Forth and Tay bridges in Scotland were restricted to high sided vehicles as was the Tees flyover in northern England Ferry services were also affected Reports of flying debris hospitalised one individual in Edinburgh Meanwhile rough seas battered coastal communities Widespread loss of power was reported in areas of Northern Ireland with up to 26 000 homes and businesses affected Storm Hector did however bring a boost to the UK s energy supply in the form of wind power 135 Other systems edit Several notable extratropical cyclones affecting Europe went officially unnamed throughout the season as they did not affect any of the countries involved in issuing names however many of these did receive unofficial names from the Free University of Berlin Cyclone Thomas rapidly deepened as it crossed Romania on 17 18 September 9 bringing intense straight line winds to the country Eight people were killed with more than 137 injuries and 7 000 damage claims reported totalling around US 9 4 million in damage 13 Cyclone Xavier crossed northern Europe in early October 2017 Germany was the worst affected country with high winds between 4 and 6 October causing severe damage including in and around Berlin Further damage was reported in the Czech Republic where the highest winds of up to 201 km h 125 mph 109 kn were recorded and in Poland In total Xavier killed nine people seven in Germany and two in Poland and caused at least 180 million 200 million in damage 23 Cyclone Herwart initially formed as a secondary low to a more northerly centre of low pressure named Grischa coming southward from the Svalbard Islands region in late October Herwart then went through the Fujiwhara effect with this system rotating counterclockwise around the main low pressure area passing over Norway Sweden Latvia and then losing power while moving over western Russia In Denmark which was hit on 28 October the storm was named Ingolf In Hungary the storm was named Narcisz Narcissus a Hungarian female name whose name day is on 29 October In total Herwart killed ten people across central Europe and caused 800 million 950 million in damage 136 Cyclone Reinhard also known locally as Storm Ylva made landfall in Norway on 23 November with high winds and heavy rainfall causing millions of euros worth of damage There were hundreds of reports of damage across southern Norway but no reports of injuries or fatalities 137 A low pressure area known as Storm Cora in Norway and Ex Blizzard Aku in Finland brought wind gusts of up to 274 km h 170 mph 148 kn to these areas in January 2018 Season effects editStorm Dates active Highest wind gust Lowest pressure Casualties Damages Affected areasAileen 12 18 September 160 km h 100 mph 87 kn 978 hPa 28 9 inHg 3 8 million 10 million Ireland United Kingdom Netherlands GermanyOphelia 16 20 October 191 km h 119 mph 103 kn 21 958 hPa 28 3 inHg 3 75 million 90 million Azores Portugal Spain France Ireland United Kingdom Faroe Islands Norway Sweden Finland Estonia RussiaBrian 19 23 October 137 km h 85 mph 74 kn 36 956 hPa 28 2 inHg 3 Minimal Ireland United Kingdom northern FranceCaroline 6 11 December 150 km h 93 mph 81 kn 138 958 hPa 28 3 inHg 1 Minimal Ireland Scotland Faroe Islands NorwayAna 10 16 December 249 km h 155 mph 135 kn 957 hPa 28 3 inHg 1 175 million 200 million Portugal Spain France Germany Belgium Netherlands Austria Switzerland Scandinavia RussiaBruno 26 30 December 154 km h 96 mph 83 kn 976 hPa 28 8 inHg 3 60 million 70 million Portugal Spain FranceDylan 30 December 3 January 124 km h 77 mph 67 kn 139 966 hPa 28 5 inHg 140 0 Minimal Ireland Northern IrelandCarmen 31 December 3 January 160 km h 100 mph 87 kn 989 hPa 29 2 inHg 1 800 million 900 million France BelgiumEleanor 2 5 January 230 km h 140 mph 120 kn 141 966 hPa 28 5 inHg 7 850 million 1 billion Ireland Great Britain Belgium France Germany Netherlands SwitzerlandFionn 14 21 January 237 km h 147 mph 128 kn 935 hPa 27 6 inHg 77 Note 1 0 Minimal Ireland Scotland Iceland Greenland United Kingdom France Central EuropeDavid 17 21 January 203 km h 126 mph 109 kn 974 hPa 28 8 inHg 86 13 3 5 billion 4 2 billion United Kingdom Ireland France Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Germany Austria Switzerland Italy Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Belarus Ukraine RussiaGeorgina 23 27 January 230 km h 140 mph 120 kn 959 hPa 28 3 inHg 0 Minimal Ireland Northern Ireland Scotland NorwayEmma 26 February 7 March 229 km h 142 mph 123 kn 963 hPa 28 4 inHg 95 1 8 billion 2 1 billion Azores Madeira Canary Islands Morocco Portugal Spain France Great Britain and IrelandFelix 9 16 March 150 km h 93 mph 81 kn 967 hPa 28 6 inHg 0 7 5 million 9 million Azores Madeira Canary Islands Portugal Spain FranceGisele 14 18 March 109 km h 68 mph 59 kn 968 hPa 28 6 inHg 0 7 5 million 9 million Azores mainland Portugal SpainHugo 23 29 March 121 km h 75 mph 65 kn 971 hPa 28 7 inHg 0 Minimal PortugalIrene 15 25 April 109 km h 68 mph 59 kn 952 hPa 28 1 inHg 0 Minimal AzoresHector 13 17 June 110 km h 70 mph 61 kn 971 hPa 28 7 inHg 0 Minimal Ireland and Great Britain18 windstorms 12 September 2017 17 June 2018 249 km h 155 mph 135 kn 935 hPa 27 6 inHg 130 7 3 billion 8 6 billion Storms named by European meteorological services edit nbsp IR satellite loop storm Herwart Ingolf on 29 October 2017 nbsp Satellite loop of Friederike David airmass from EUMETSAT Aileen UK IE Sebastian Free University of Berlin 12 13 September Xavier Free University of Berlin 4 6 October Brian UK IE Elmar Free University of Berlin 21 October Herwart FUB 142 Ingolf dk 143 Grzegorz Polish derivative of the FUB name 144 verification needed 28 29 October Ylva No 145 Reinhard FUB 146 22 23 November Caroline UK IE Walter FUB Aina No 147 7 8 December 2017 Ana Fr Es Pt 3 Yves FUB 10 11 December Birk No for heavy rainfall 148 Diethelm FUB 23 December 2017 Bruno Fr Es Pt Edilbert FUB 26 27 December 2017 149 Dylan UK IE Horst FUB 29 31 December 2017 150 Carmen Fr Es Pt Ingmar FUB 1 January 2018 151 Eleanor UK IE Burglind FUB 2 3 January 2018 152 Aku Fin 153 Cora No 154 Unnamed FUB later absorbed by Christine 7 January 2018 Fionn UK IE Evi FUB 16 January 2018 David Fr Es Pt 155 Friederike FUB 156 18 January 2018 Georgina UK IE 157 Helene FUB 23 24 January 2018 Emma Fr Es Pt Ulrike FUB 26 February 5 March 2018 Felix Fr Es Pt 158 Yuliya FUB 10 11 March 2018 Gisele Fr Es Pt 159 Zsuzsa FUB 14 March 2018 Hugo Fr Es Pt 160 Carola FUB 24 25 March 2018 Irene Fr Es Pt 30 March 10 April 2018 See also editCyclone Numa a medicane in November 2017 2018 Great Britain and Ireland cold wave 2017 2018 North American winterNotes edit Lowest pressure for the cyclonic centre of Fionn was achieved on 14 January to the north of Iceland at the time of Fionn s naming on 16 January the cyclonic centre had substantially filled to about 961 hPa 28 4 inHg 161 The 228 kilometre per hour 142 mph 123 kn gust occurred in the squeezed isobar region between the centres of Emma and Hartmut thus it was probably caused by the mixed effects of the two systems due to their collision 162 References edit Storm names for 2017 18 announced BBC Weather British Broadcasting Corporation 6 September 2017 Retrieved 6 September 2017 Met Eireann Weather Warning System Explained Met Eireann Retrieved 2 January 2016 a b France Meteo 4 December 2017 Meteo France nomme les tempetes meteofrance fr in French Archived from the original on 10 December 2017 Retrieved 9 December 2017 a b Meteorologia Agencia Estatal de 7 December 2017 Aemet MeteoFrance y el IMPA pondran nombre a las borrascas profundas que puedan afectar a Espana Francia o Portugal Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia AEMET Gobierno de Espana aemet es in Spanish Retrieved 9 December 2017 Meteo France junto con AEMET e IPMA nombra a las borrascas intensas con fuertes vientos Revista del Aficionado a la Meteorologia Revista del Aficionado a la Meteorologia in European Spanish 4 December 2017 Retrieved 9 December 2017 Storm names for 2017 18 announced Met Office 6 September 2017 Retrieved 6 September 2017 Duemmel Sebastian Boelling Thomas otto bibo met fu berlin de sebastian boelling rz hu berlin de Informationssysteme Freie Universitaet Berlin Meteorologisches Institut Meteorologische Kommunikations und www www met fu berlin de 1 January 2000 Homepage und Kommunikationssysteme der Freien Universitaet Berlin www met fu berlin de Archived from the original on 27 February 2007 Retrieved 5 March 2018 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Analysis chart met fu berlin 12 September 2017 a b Analysis chart met fu berlin 18 September 2017 Windboen 1std Messwerte Niederlande vom 13 09 2017 12 00 Uhr Kachelmannwetter Jetzt Lesezeichen setzen Analysis chart wetter3 de Drei Tote wegen Unwetters Rollstuhlfahrer in Fluss geweht welt de 13 September 2017 Retrieved 13 March 2017 a b Global Catastrophe Recap PDF AON Benfeld September 2017 Archived from the original PDF on 7 October 2017 Retrieved 22 July 2022 Storm Aileen to bring strong winds to south of country RTE ie 12 September 2017 a b Storm Aileen first named storm of Autumn 2017 Met Office 12 September 2017 Retrieved 12 September 2017 a b c d Storm Aileen leaves thousands without power The Times 13 September 2017 Retrieved 13 September 2017 Storm Aileen 60 000 homes lost power during 75 mph winds BBC News 13 September 2017 Retrieved 13 September 2017 Root Jordan 12 September 2017 Aileen s damaging winds to sweep across UK while Germany braces for Sebastian AccuWeather Archived from the original on 12 September 2017 Retrieved 12 September 2017 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 16 October 2017 Retrieved 22 July 2022 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 20 October 2017 Retrieved 22 July 2022 a b Annual Summary 2017 PDF Met Eireann 3 January 2018 Archived from the original PDF on 4 January 2018 Retrieved 4 January 2018 Analysis Chart wetter3 de a b Global Catastrophe Recap PDF AON Benfeld October 2017 Archived from the original PDF on 15 November 2017 Retrieved 22 July 2022 Office Met 13 June 2023 Weather warnings www metoffice gov uk Update on Ophelia Weather News Met Eireann The Irish Meteorological Service Online Met Eireann 13 October 2017 Archived from the original on 13 October 2017 Retrieved 13 October 2017 Met Eireann MetEireann 14 October 2017 RED WIND WARNING ISSUED For Cork Kerry Clare Galway amp Mayo Valid Mon 9am Tues 3am Gusts in excess of 130 km h Tweet via Twitter Farrow Jo 15 October 2017 Ireland and Ophelia winds waves and disruption netweather tv Retrieved 15 October 2017 Weather Warnings Met Eireann The Irish Meteorological Service Online Met Eireann 14 October 2017 Archived from the original on 14 October 2017 Retrieved 14 October 2017 Status red wind warning extended across the country RTE ie 15 October 2017 Retrieved 15 October 2017 Met Office metoffice 15 October 2017 A yellow weather warning for wind has been updated bit ly WxWarning Stay weatheraware metofficeuk Tweet via Twitter Farrow Jo 17 October 2017 What a storm Bizarre hurricane dangerous gusts amp waves and that sky Ophelia Blog by Jo Farrow Netweather tv Retrieved 17 October 2017 Hurricane Ophelia Woman killed as tree hits car BBC News 16 October 2017 a b Hurricane Ophelia Three people die as storm hits Ireland BBC News 16 October 2017 Retrieved 16 October 2017 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 19 October 2017 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 23 October 2017 a b Storm Brian Met Office Barometer metoffice gov uk Archived from the original on 3 January 2018 Retrieved 4 January 2018 a b Finnis Nick 20 October 2017 Storm Brian Key Messages on UK amp Ireland Impacts Netweather tv Retrieved 20 October 2017 Invest 92L Could Develop into a Tropical Depression or Tropical Storm Early This Week While Tracking Toward Bermuda The Weather Channel Weather Warnings Met Eireann The Irish Meteorological Service Online Met Eireann 19 October 2017 Archived from the original on 19 October 2017 Retrieved 19 October 2017 Weather Warnings Met Eireann The Irish Meteorological Service Online Met Eireann 20 October 2017 Archived from the original on 20 October 2017 Retrieved 20 October 2017 Storm Brian to arrive this weekend Met Office 19 October 2017 Retrieved 19 October 2017 UK rainfall radar data for 21 October 2017 The Weather Outlook 21 October 2017 Retrieved 22 October 2017 Henderson Guy 26 October 2017 Body found on beach Man s last words were phone call about size of Storm Brian waves Devonlive Retrieved 27 October 2017 The 67 year old Paignton man spoke on the phone about the size of the waves hitting the sea wall at Dawlish and drowned moments later an inquest has heard Analysis chart met fu berlin de 6 December 2017 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 11 December 2017 metoffice 7 December 2017 Here are some of the strongest gusts from StormCaroline today Friday will be another blustery day but the winds should be a little lighter for most weatheraware Tweet via Twitter Chart wetter3 de Storm Caroline bringing gales to Scotland Met Office 5 December 2014 Retrieved 5 December 2017 Weather Warnings Met Eireann The Irish Meteorological Service Online Met Eireann 5 December 2017 Archived from the original on 5 December 2017 Retrieved 5 December 2017 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 10 December 2017 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 16 December 2017 a b Global Catastrophe Recap PDF AON Benfeld December 2017 Retrieved 22 July 2022 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 26 December 2017 a b Analysis chart met fu berlin de 30 December 2017 Analysis chart wetter3 de a b Analysis chart met fu berlin de 3 January 2018 Storm Dylan Met Office Barometer www metoffice gov uk Archived from the original on 3 January 2018 Retrieved 3 January 2018 Storm Dylan passes with minimal disruption to electricity supply www esbnetworks ie Archived from the original on 3 January 2018 Retrieved 2 January 2018 Storm Dylan Analysis chart met fu berlin de 31 December 2017 Windboen 6std Messwerte Languedoc Roussillon vom 01 01 2018 19 00 Uhr Kachelmannwetter Jetzt Lesezeichen setzen Analysis chart wetter3 de About 65 000 French homes without power due to winter storm France 24 1 January 2018 Retrieved 27 February 2018 Global Catastrophe Recap PDF AON Benfeld January 2018 Retrieved 22 July 2022 France Meteo 2 January 2018 Storm Eleanor heads for France after Carmen chaos Archived from the original on 10 December 2017 Retrieved 27 February 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 2 January 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 5 January 2018 Windboen 1std Messwerte Zug vom 03 01 2018 12 00 Uhr Kachelmannwetter Jetzt Lesezeichen setzen Holland Peter 17 January 2018 Eleanor Burglind Another Near miss for Europe The RMS Blog rms com Retrieved 17 January 2018 Crews continue to restore power to customers affected by Storm Eleanor www esbnetworks ie Archived from the original on 4 January 2018 Retrieved 3 January 2018 a b c d Weather Climate amp Catastrophe Insight PDF Retrieved 31 July 2022 Eireann Met Update on storm Eleanor Highest gust recorded at Knock Airport at 84 kts at 7pm this evening Office Met It s been a wild and stormy night for some us all courtesy of the passage of StormEleanor Still very windy out there so take care if you re heading out Great Dun Fell is a mountain weather stationpic twitter com I1jHoFmhHq Analysis chart met fu berlin de 14 January 2018 a b Analysis chart met fu berlin de 21 January 2018 Windboen 1std Messwerte Hofudborgarsvaedi vom 14 01 2018 05 00 Uhr Kachelmannwetter Jetzt Lesezeichen setzen a b 1800 UTC 14 Jan 2018 Analysis chart Met Office Retrieved 20 January 2018 Weather Warnings Met Eireann The Irish Meteorological Service Online Met Eireann 16 January 2018 Archived from the original on 16 January 2018 Retrieved 16 January 2018 MetEireann 16 January 2018 Status orange warning for wind For Donegal Galway Leitrim Mayo Sligo Clare Cork and Kerry Storm Fionn Tweet via Twitter Weather Warnings Met Eireann The Irish Meteorological Service Online Met Eireann 16 January 2018 Archived from the original on 16 January 2018 Retrieved 16 January 2018 a b c Dutton Liam 18 January 2018 Why I criticised Met Eireann for naming Storm Fionn Channel 4 News Retrieved 24 January 2018 metoffice 16 January 2018 The 6th named storm of the season has been named by MetEireann StormFionn will bring strong winds to western Ireland tonight but impacts are currently expected to be below warning limits in the UK A separate weather system will bring more windy weather to the UK Weds night Tweet via Twitter Noble Jason Fionn Georgina Friederike David what is the name of the storm Find out here East Anglian Daily Times Archived from the original on 19 January 2018 Retrieved 24 January 2018 a b Here s what Evelyn Cusack has to say about Channel 4 weather presenter s criticism of Storm Fionn naming Independent ie Independent ie 18 January 2018 Retrieved 25 January 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 17 January 2018 a b c Wetterdienst Deutscher Orkantief FRIEDERIKE wutet am 18 Januar 2018 uber Europa PDF in German Retrieved 29 January 2018 Britain is battered by 95 mph winds Swazi Observer 19 January 2018 Retrieved 19 January 2018 Office Met Capel Curig climate www metoffice gov uk Retrieved 28 January 2018 Wetterdienst Das ist ein Extremorkan Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk 18 January 2018 Archived from the original on 19 January 2018 Retrieved 18 January 2018 a b Orkantief Friederike Die Baume fallen um wie Streichholzer SPIEGEL ONLINE 18 January 2018 Retrieved 18 January 2018 Storm Friederike kills at least seven across western Europe with winds of 200 km h Euronews 18 January 2018 Retrieved 19 January 2018 Die Bahn fahrt wieder teilweise ZDF 19 January 2018 Retrieved 19 January 2018 Thousands lose power after gales hit UK BBC News 18 January 2018 Retrieved 18 January 2018 Liveblog Orkan Friederike fordert zwei Todesopfer Fernverkehr bundesweit eingestellt wz de 18 January 2018 Retrieved 18 January 2018 Storm David sweeps northern Europe TECH2 19 January 2018 Archived from the original on 26 January 2018 Retrieved 26 January 2018 Tempete David sur le Nord meteofrance fr in French 18 January 2018 Archived from the original on 20 January 2018 Retrieved 19 January 2018 Mehrere Tote durch Sturmtief Friederike in Europa Salzburger Nachrichten 18 January 2018 Retrieved 19 January 2018 Orkan Tote und Bahn Chaos ZDF 18 January 2018 Retrieved 19 January 2018 Met Office criticised for not naming storm which battered Britain as fresh weather warnings are issued The Telegraph 18 January 2018 Retrieved 19 January 2018 Sturm Friederike verursacht Verkehrschaos in den Niederlanden Wochenblatt 18 January 2018 Archived from the original on 26 January 2018 Retrieved 19 January 2018 Sechs Todesopfer 140 000 Haushalte ohne Strom welt de 18 January 2018 Retrieved 19 January 2018 Sturm Friederike kostet Versicherer etwa 500 Millionen Euro SPIEGEL ONLINE 18 January 2018 Retrieved 19 January 2018 Mosaic satellite image 1500z surface analysis Sunday Jan 14 2018 www wpc ncep noaa gov Retrieved 23 January 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 23 January 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 27 January 2018 Storm Georgina hits Scotland with heavy rain gusts up to 225 km h 140 mph The Watchers 25 January 2018 Retrieved 25 January 2018 0600 UTC 24 Jan 2018 UKMET Analysis chart Retrieved 20 January 2018 Storm Georgina Analysis chart met fu berlin de 26 February 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 7 March 2018 a b Windboen 1std Messwerte Languedoc Roussillon vom 01 03 2018 07 00 Uhr Kachelmannwetter Jetzt Lesezeichen setzen Analysis chart wetter3 de Seven counties in Ireland on snow alert as Storm Emma approaches The Irish Post 26 February 2018 Retrieved 27 February 2018 Greenfield Patrick 26 February 2018 UK braces for beast from the east as Met Office warns of snow The Guardian Retrieved 27 February 2018 a b Storm Emma Red warning in Wales and south west England BBC News BBC 1 March 2018 Retrieved 2 March 2018 Motorists stuck as snow blocks major roads in Lincolnshire BBC News BBC 1 March 2018 Retrieved 1 March 2018 Duggan Joe 2 March 2018 Forty cars involved in huge pile up as Brits battle home in treacherous weather Daily Mirror Storm Emma At a glance RTE ie 4 March 2018 Worldview Explore Your Dynamic Planet worldview earthdata nasa gov Analysis chart met fu berlin de 9 March 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 16 March 2018 Analysis chart wetter3 de a b Global Catastrophe Report PDF AON Benfeld March 2018 Archived from the original PDF on 8 April 2018 Retrieved 22 July 2022 a b c d e Storm naming the First Season of Naming by the South west Group Spain Portugal France PDF euroforecaster org Retrieved 22 July 2022 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 14 March 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 18 March 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 23 March 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 29 March 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 15 April 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 25 April 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 13 June 2018 Analysis chart met fu berlin de 17 June 2018 Strong Winds from Storm Hector Past weather events Storm Hector Weather Climate amp Catastrophe Insight PDF Archived from the original PDF on 30 April 2022 Retrieved 31 July 2022 Global Catastrophe Recap PDF AON Benfeld November 2017 Archived from the original PDF on 12 December 2017 Retrieved 22 July 2022 Storm Caroline Met Office Barometer metoffice gov uk Archived from the original on 3 January 2018 Retrieved 4 January 2018 Weather Summary for December 2017 met ie Met Eireann 3 January 2018 Retrieved 4 January 2018 Analysis chart wetter3 de Storm Eleanor Met Office Barometer metoffice gov uk Archived from the original on 4 January 2018 Retrieved 4 January 2018 Wetter und Klima Deutscher Wetterdienst Thema des Tages Archiv HERWART ein weiterer Herbststurm steht vor der Tur dwd de in German 28 October 2017 Retrieved 28 October 2017 Folg et blaesevejr med dmi dk DMI dmi dk in Danish 28 October 2017 Archived from the original on 28 October 2017 Retrieved 28 October 2017 Nad Polske nadciaga orkan Grzegorz IMGW wydalo ostrzezenia WPROST pl in Polish 27 October 2017 Retrieved 28 October 2017 Svendsen Roy Hilmar Rommetveit Astrid 22 November 2017 Ekstremvaeret Ylva treffer Nord Norge NRK in Norwegian Retrieved 23 November 2017 Thema des Tages Archiv Reinhard oder Ylva Wie Tiefs zu ihren Namen kommen dwd de in German 24 November 2017 Retrieved 29 November 2017 Na kommer Aina Vi frykter store odeleggelser Bergens Tidende in Norwegian Bokmal 7 December 2017 Retrieved 7 December 2017 Ekstremvaeret Birk NRK in Norwegian Bokmal Retrieved 23 December 2017 Manche Un coup de vent et une tempete a douze heures d intervalle Ouest France fr in French Retrieved 27 December 2017 Weather Warnings Met Eireann The Irish Meteorological Service Online 29 December 2017 Archived from the original on 29 December 2017 Retrieved 29 December 2017 Une nouvelle tempete Carmen pourrait frapper la France pendant le Nouvel an FIGARO in French 29 December 2017 Retrieved 29 December 2017 www dw com Deutsche Welle Storm Eleanor also known as Burglind batters Europe DW COM Retrieved 3 January 2018 Aku myrskyn tuulet ovat nousseet jo myrskylukemiin Myrsky patkii sahkoja lansirannikolla Yle Uutiset in Finnish 7 January 2018 Retrieved 7 January 2018 Ekstremvaeret Cora treffer Midt Norge sondag kan bli orkan pa kysten NRK in Norwegian Bokmal 7 January 2018 Retrieved 7 January 2018 meteofrance 17 January 2018 La tempeteDavid d intensite moyenne va traverser le Nord Pas de Calais demain jeudi en tout debut de journee Rafales prevues jusqu a 120 km h sur les cotes 100 110 km h dans les terres Restez prudents Tweet via Twitter Alerte vent des rafales proches des 100 km h cette nuit et ce jeudi matin RTBF Info in French 17 January 2018 Retrieved 17 January 2018 MetEireann 23 January 2018 Storm Georgina Status Orange Warning for Ireland Tweet via Twitter AVISO ESPECIAL DE FENoMENOS ADVERSOS AVISO ESPECIAL NUMERO 18 2018 PDF in Spanish AEMET 8 March 2018 Archived from the original PDF on 9 March 2018 Retrieved 8 March 2018 Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera in Portuguese IPMA 14 March 2018 Archived from the original on 14 March 2018 Retrieved 14 March 2018 PREDICCIoN ESPECIAL DE LA AGENCIA ESTATAL DE METEOROLOGIA PARA LA SEMANA SANTA Elaborada el 22 3 2018 PDF in Spanish AEMET 22 March 2018 Archived from the original PDF on 23 March 2018 Retrieved 22 March 2018 Met Office Chart 18 UTC 16 January 2018 Met Office Retrieved 25 January 2018 Met Office Chart 06 UTC 01 March 2018 Met Office Retrieved 3 March 2018 External links editUK Storm Centre Archived 3 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine Met Eireann Met Office past weather events Ophelia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2017 18 European windstorm season amp oldid 1177224713, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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