The Fujiwhara effect, sometimes referred to as the Fujiwara effect, Fujiw(h)ara interaction or binary interaction, is a phenomenon that occurs when two nearby cyclonicvortices move around each other and close the distance between the circulations of their corresponding low-pressure areas. The effect is named after Sakuhei Fujiwhara, the Japanese meteorologist who initially described the effect. Binary interaction of smaller circulations can cause the development of a larger cyclone, or cause two cyclones to merge into one. Extratropical cyclones typically engage in binary interaction when within 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) of one another, while tropical cyclones typically interact within 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) of each other.
Diagram of the Fujiwhara effect, showing how 2 tropical cyclones interact with each other.[1]
When cyclones are in proximity of one another, their centers will circle each other cyclonically (counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere)[2] about a point between the two systems due to their cyclonic wind circulations. The two vortices will be attracted to each other, and eventually spiral into the center point and merge. It has not been agreed upon whether this is due to the divergent portion of the wind or vorticity advection.[3] When the two vortices are of unequal size, the larger vortex will tend to dominate the interaction, and the smaller vortex will circle around it. The effect is named after Sakuhei Fujiwhara, the Japanese meteorologist who initially described it in a 1921 paper about the motion of vortices in water.[4][5]
Odette (left) and Seroja (right) engaged in a Fujiwhara interaction whilst intensifying between 7–9 April 2021.
Tropical cyclones can form when smaller circulations within the Intertropical Convergence Zone merge.[6] The effect is often mentioned in relation to the motion of tropical cyclones, although the final merging of the two storms is uncommon. The effect becomes noticeable when they approach within 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) of each other. Rotation rates within binary pairs accelerate when tropical cyclones close within 650 kilometres (400 mi) of each other.[7] Merger of the two systems (or shearing out of one of the pair) becomes realized when they are within 300 kilometres (190 mi) of one another.[8]
Extratropical cyclones
This satellite loop covering April 26–28, 2011 shows two extratropical cyclones involved in Fujiwhara interaction across the Midwest and Great Lakes.
Binary interaction is seen between nearby extratropical cyclones when within 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) of each other, with significant acceleration occurring when the low-pressure areas are within 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) of one another. Interactions between their circulations at the 500 hPa level (18,000 feet above sea level) behave more predictably than their surface circulations.[7] This most often results in a merging of the two low-pressure systems into a single extratropical cyclone, or can less commonly result in a change of direction of one or both of the cyclones.[9] The precise results of such interactions depend on factors such as the size of the two cyclones, their distance from each other, and the prevailing atmospheric conditions around them.
^Wu, Chun-Chieh; Huang, Treng-Shi; Huang, Wei-Peng; Chou, Kun-Hsuan (July 2003). "A New Look at the Binary Interaction: Potential Vorticity Diagnosis of the Unusual Southward Movement of Tropical Storm Bopha (2000) and Its Interaction with Supertyphoon Saomai (2000)". Monthly Weather Review. 131 (7): 1289–1300. Bibcode:2003MWRv..131.1289W. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<1289:ANLATB>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 53572369.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^DeMaria, Mark; Johnny C. L. Chan (August 1984). "Comments on "A Numerical Study of the Interactions between Two Cyclones". Mon. Wea. Rev. 112 (8): 1643–1645. Bibcode:1984MWRv..112.1643D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<1643:CONSOT>2.0.CO;2.
^Fujiwhara, Sakuhei (1921). "The natural tendency towards symmetry of motion and its application as a principle in meteorology". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 47 (200): 287–293. Bibcode:1921QJRMS..47..287F. doi:10.1002/qj.49704720010.
^"Fujiwhara effect describes a stormy waltz". USA Today. November 1, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
^Kieu, Chanh Q.; Da-Lin Zhang (June 2010). "Genesis of Tropical Storm Eugene (2005) from Merging Vortices Associated with ITCZ Breakdowns. Part III: Sensitivity to Various Genesis Parameters". J. Atmos. Sci. 67 (6): 1745–1758. Bibcode:2010JAtS...67.1745K. doi:10.1175/2010JAS3227.1. S2CID 55906577.
^ abZiv, B; P. Alpert (1995-05-01). "Rotation of Binary Cyclones – A Data Analysis Study". J. Atmos. Sci. 52 (9): 1357–1363. Bibcode:1995JAtS...52.1357Z. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1357:ROBCDA>2.0.CO;2.
^Prieto, Ricardo, Brian D. McNoldy, Scott R. Fulton, and Wayne H. Schubert (November 2003). "A Classification of Binary Tropical Cyclone–Like Vortex Interactions". Mon. Wea. Rev. 131 (11): 2659. Bibcode:2003MWRv..131.2656P. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2656:acobtc>2.0.co;2. S2CID 18784887.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Ziv, B.; P. Alpert (December 2003). "Rotation of mid-latitude binary cyclones: a potential vorticity approach". Theor Appl Climatol. 76 (3–4): 189–202. Bibcode:2003ThApC..76..189Z. doi:10.1007/s00704-003-0011-x. S2CID 54982309.
External links
Edward N. Rappaport, NOAA Hurricane Research Division – "Hurricane Iris Preliminary Report"
January 05, 2023
fujiwhara, effect, sometimes, referred, fujiwara, effect, fujiw, interaction, binary, interaction, phenomenon, that, occurs, when, nearby, cyclonic, vortices, move, around, each, other, close, distance, between, circulations, their, corresponding, pressure, ar. The Fujiwhara effect sometimes referred to as the Fujiwara effect Fujiw h ara interaction or binary interaction is a phenomenon that occurs when two nearby cyclonic vortices move around each other and close the distance between the circulations of their corresponding low pressure areas The effect is named after Sakuhei Fujiwhara the Japanese meteorologist who initially described the effect Binary interaction of smaller circulations can cause the development of a larger cyclone or cause two cyclones to merge into one Extratropical cyclones typically engage in binary interaction when within 2 000 kilometres 1 200 mi of one another while tropical cyclones typically interact within 1 400 kilometres 870 mi of each other Typhoon Parma left and Melor right interacting with each other in the Philippine Sea on October 6 2009 Contents 1 Description 2 Tropical cyclones 3 Extratropical cyclones 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksDescription Edit Diagram of the Fujiwhara effect showing how 2 tropical cyclones interact with each other 1 When cyclones are in proximity of one another their centers will circle each other cyclonically counter clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere 2 about a point between the two systems due to their cyclonic wind circulations The two vortices will be attracted to each other and eventually spiral into the center point and merge It has not been agreed upon whether this is due to the divergent portion of the wind or vorticity advection 3 When the two vortices are of unequal size the larger vortex will tend to dominate the interaction and the smaller vortex will circle around it The effect is named after Sakuhei Fujiwhara the Japanese meteorologist who initially described it in a 1921 paper about the motion of vortices in water 4 5 Tropical cyclones EditSee also Tropical cyclone Odette left and Seroja right engaged in a Fujiwhara interaction whilst intensifying between 7 9 April 2021 Tropical cyclones can form when smaller circulations within the Intertropical Convergence Zone merge 6 The effect is often mentioned in relation to the motion of tropical cyclones although the final merging of the two storms is uncommon The effect becomes noticeable when they approach within 1 400 kilometres 870 mi of each other Rotation rates within binary pairs accelerate when tropical cyclones close within 650 kilometres 400 mi of each other 7 Merger of the two systems or shearing out of one of the pair becomes realized when they are within 300 kilometres 190 mi of one another 8 Extratropical cyclones Edit source source source source source source source source source source source source This satellite loop covering April 26 28 2011 shows two extratropical cyclones involved in Fujiwhara interaction across the Midwest and Great Lakes See also Extratropical cyclone Binary interaction is seen between nearby extratropical cyclones when within 2 000 kilometres 1 200 mi of each other with significant acceleration occurring when the low pressure areas are within 1 100 kilometres 680 mi of one another Interactions between their circulations at the 500 hPa level 18 000 feet above sea level behave more predictably than their surface circulations 7 This most often results in a merging of the two low pressure systems into a single extratropical cyclone or can less commonly result in a change of direction of one or both of the cyclones 9 The precise results of such interactions depend on factors such as the size of the two cyclones their distance from each other and the prevailing atmospheric conditions around them See also Edit Tropical cyclones portalSatellite tornadoReferences Edit Wu Chun Chieh Huang Treng Shi Huang Wei Peng Chou Kun Hsuan July 2003 A New Look at the Binary Interaction Potential Vorticity Diagnosis of the Unusual Southward Movement of Tropical Storm Bopha 2000 and Its Interaction with Supertyphoon Saomai 2000 Monthly Weather Review 131 7 1289 1300 Bibcode 2003MWRv 131 1289W doi 10 1175 1520 0493 2003 131 lt 1289 ANLATB gt 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 53572369 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Landsea Chris 2009 02 06 Subject D3 Why do tropical cyclones winds rotate counter clockwise clockwise in the Northern Southern Hemisphere Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Retrieved 2009 12 28 DeMaria Mark Johnny C L Chan August 1984 Comments on A Numerical Study of the Interactions between Two Cyclones Mon Wea Rev 112 8 1643 1645 Bibcode 1984MWRv 112 1643D doi 10 1175 1520 0493 1984 112 lt 1643 CONSOT gt 2 0 CO 2 Fujiwhara Sakuhei 1921 The natural tendency towards symmetry of motion and its application as a principle in meteorology Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 47 200 287 293 Bibcode 1921QJRMS 47 287F doi 10 1002 qj 49704720010 Fujiwhara effect describes a stormy waltz USA Today November 1 2007 Retrieved 2008 02 21 Kieu Chanh Q Da Lin Zhang June 2010 Genesis of Tropical Storm Eugene 2005 from Merging Vortices Associated with ITCZ Breakdowns Part III Sensitivity to Various Genesis Parameters J Atmos Sci 67 6 1745 1758 Bibcode 2010JAtS 67 1745K doi 10 1175 2010JAS3227 1 S2CID 55906577 a b Ziv B P Alpert 1995 05 01 Rotation of Binary Cyclones A Data Analysis Study J Atmos Sci 52 9 1357 1363 Bibcode 1995JAtS 52 1357Z doi 10 1175 1520 0469 1995 052 lt 1357 ROBCDA gt 2 0 CO 2 Prieto Ricardo Brian D McNoldy Scott R Fulton and Wayne H Schubert November 2003 A Classification of Binary Tropical Cyclone Like Vortex Interactions Mon Wea Rev 131 11 2659 Bibcode 2003MWRv 131 2656P doi 10 1175 1520 0493 2003 131 lt 2656 acobtc gt 2 0 co 2 S2CID 18784887 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Ziv B P Alpert December 2003 Rotation of mid latitude binary cyclones a potential vorticity approach Theor Appl Climatol 76 3 4 189 202 Bibcode 2003ThApC 76 189Z doi 10 1007 s00704 003 0011 x S2CID 54982309 External links EditEdward N Rappaport NOAA Hurricane Research Division Hurricane Iris Preliminary Report Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fujiwhara effect amp oldid 1127661871, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
