1966 Formula One season
The 1966 Formula One season was the 20th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 17th World Championship of Drivers, the 9th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, and four non-championship races open to Formula One cars. The World Championship was contested over nine races between 22 May and 23 October 1966.
Jack Brabham won the Drivers' Championship in a Brabham-Repco.[1] It was his third and last championship. Brabham was also awarded the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, their first title.[2]
John Taylor collided with Formula Two driver Jacky Ickx during the German Grand Prix. Taylor was badly burned in the accident and succumbed to his injuries four weeks later.
The season saw "the return to power", with the FIA doubling the maximum allowed engine displacement from 1.5 to 3 litres.
Championship teams and drivers edit
The following teams and drivers competed in the 1966 FIA World Championship.
- Pink background denotes F2 entrants to the German Grand Prix
Team and driver changes edit
Dubbed "the return to power", the new formula of 3 litre naturally-aspirated engines was met with enthusiasm. Not all projects were finished in time for the start of the season, however. Coventry Climax had decided to quit their business of building racing engines, despite winning their latest championship in 1965, so most British teams had to find new contracts:[5]
- Brabham collaborated with Australian company Repco. Their 3 litre V8 was ready in time.
- Cooper worked with Maserati to receive an updated version of their 1957 engines.
- Lotus had put their hope in a new H16 engine design from BRM, but it was finished too late and very heavy. So they began the season with a hastily prepared and uncompetitive 2 litre Climax V8. (The team would return to their winning form after a switch to Cosworth DFV engines for 1967.) Peter Arundell was back at Lotus, having recovered from his crash during the 1964 season. Mike Spence, who had replaced him in 1965, was signed by the private Reg Parnell Racing team.
Two teams made their debut this year:
- Bruce McLaren had left Cooper to set up his own team. He entered the McLaren M2B, designed by Robin Herd. During the season, McLaren trialled a Ford V8 and a Serenissima V8, switching around multiple times but not finding the right recipe.
- Dan Gurney departed from Brabham to also enter his own team. He had worked with famous car designer Carroll Shelby since 1962 to set up All American Racers. They built an F1 chassis, dubbed the 'Eagle Mk1', and Gurney drove the car himself. The chassis was delayed until the second race of the season and the new Weslake 3 litre V12 was only ready with three races left. They used Climax four-stroke engines until then.
Mid-season changes edit
- Honda missed a good part of the races in 1966 but was back on the grid with a new 3 litre V12 engine in the Italian Grand Prix. Richie Ginther left Cooper after two races to make his return to the Japanese team.
- 1964 champion John Surtees was not allowed by Ferrari operations manager Eugenio Dragoni to enter the 1966 24 Hours of Le Mans. Fiat chairman Gianni Agnelli favoured his nephew Ludovico Scarfiotti.[6][7] When CEO Enzo Ferrari also did not support Surtees, the Brit left the team, thereby also abandoning his F1 drive. Mike Parkes and Scarfiotti, who both did drive the Le Mans race, were promoted to the F1 team, while Surtees took Ginther's place at Cooper.
Calendar edit
| Round | Grand Prix | Circuit | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Monaco Grand Prix | Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo | 22 May |
| 2 | Belgian Grand Prix | Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot | 12 June |
| 3 | French Grand Prix | Reims-Gueux, Gueux | 3 July |
| 4 | British Grand Prix | Brands Hatch, West Kingsdown | 16 July |
| 5 | Dutch Grand Prix | Circuit Park Zandvoort, Zandvoort | 24 July |
| 6 | German Grand Prix | Nürburgring, Nürburg | 7 August |
| 7 | Italian Grand Prix | Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Monza | 4 September |
| 8 | United States Grand Prix | Watkins Glen International, New York | 2 October |
| 9 | Mexican Grand Prix | Magdalena Mixhuca, Mexico City | 23 October |
Calendar changes edit
- The South African Grand Prix at the Prince George Circuit was relegated to non-championship status, because 1.5 litre engines were allowed on the grid while that was no longer the case in the F1 championship.[8]
- The French Grand Prix was moved from the Charade Circuit to Reims-Gueux.
- The British Grand Prix was moved from Silverstone to Brands Hatch, in keeping with the event-sharing arrangement between the two circuits.
Regulation changes edit
Technical regulations edit
- A new engine formula was introduced, heralded as "the return of power". The maximum allowed engine displacement was doubled from 1.5 to 3 litres for naturally-aspirated engines. Compressed engines (using a turbocharger or supercharger) were allowed for the first time since 1960, with a maximum engine displacement of 1.5 litres.[9][10][11]
- The minimum weight was raised from 450 kg (990 lb) to 500 kg (1,100 lb).[9][10][11]
Sporting regulations edit
Championship report edit
Rounds 1 to 3 edit
The 1966 season started off with the Monaco Grand Prix. The twisty track seemed for a large part to negate the difference in power between the 3 litre Ferrari engines and the 2 litre BRM and Climax engines (used by Lotuses). 1963 and 1965 champion Jim Clark qualified on pole position in the Lotus-Climax, ahead of 1964 champion John Surtees for Ferrari. On the second row started the two BRMs of Jackie Stewart and 1962 champion Graham Hill. At the start, Clark's car got jammed in first gear and was passed by everyone. Surtees and Stewart created a gap to the rest of the field. Under normal circumstances, the Ferrari would soon leave the BRM behind, but Surtees' rear axle failed and he retired on lap 16. Stewart was out on his own, followed by Jochen Rindt in the Cooper-Maserati and Hill, before Lorenzo Bandini rose up to second place in the Ferrari. Clark was charging back to the front of the field, but spent a lot of time behind Hill. Clark dove through into the first corner to take third place - Rindt had retired with engine failure - but the Lotus's left-rear suspension failed later in the lap and the reigning champion was out of the race. Stewart held on to take his second career win, ahead of Bandini and Hill. Bob Bondurant finished in fourth place to get three BRMs in the points. Behind came three Coopers but none of them were classified and did not receive championship points.[15]
At first, Stewart was setting the pace during practice for the Belgian Grand Prix, but on the high-speed circuit, Surtees qualified on pole in his Ferrari, more than three seconds ahead of Rindt in the Cooper-Maserati. Stewart started third, while Clark could only manage tenth. As the flag was waved, rain was falling at the far end of the track. Stewart and Hill crashed in the Masta Kink, already known as the most dangerous corner, and the Scot got trapped under his car in a pool of leaking fuel for 25 minutes. Hill and Bondurant, who had both crashed as well, borrowed a spectator's toolkit to free him. Another five cars retired within the first lap of the race, including Clark. Surtees led the race, ahead of Rindt and Bandini, and that became the finishing order as well. Behind them finished 1959 and 1960 champion Jack Brabham and Rindt's teammate Richie Ginther. Two other drivers were still running but were not classified, making it two races in a row that championship points were held back under the new rule. Following his crash, Stewart became a strong advocate of improving driver safety in not only Grand Prix but motor racing in general.[16]
When Surtees was not granted a drive with Ferrari in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, he left the Italian team and, with that, gave up his F1 drive as well. He found a seat at Cooper, where Ginther had left to return to his old team Honda. Bandini qualified on pole for the French Grand Prix, with old teammate Surtees and new teammate Mike Parkes beside him on the first row. At the start, Surtees fell back with fuel pick-up issues, before he retired on lap 5. Brabham got up to second place, the only driver able to follow Bandini's pace. On lap 32, the Australian inherited the lead as the Ferrari's throttle cable broke. The Italian took a piece of string from a straw bale lining the track and tied it to his throttle, operating it by hand and actually nursing his car back to the pits, but finished out of the points. Brabham won the race, ahead of Parkes in his first race and Brabham's teammate Denny Hulme.[17]
In the Drivers' Championship, Jack Brabham (Brabham-Repco) took the lead with 12 points, ahead of Lorenzo Bandini (Ferrari, 10 points), followed by Surtees, Stewart and Rindt (all 9 points). In the Manufacturers' Championship, Ferrari had the lead with 21 points, ahead of Brabham (12) and BRM and Cooper (both 9).
Rounds 4 to 6 edit
The British Grand Prix at Brands Hatch saw the Brabham duo of Jack Brabham and Denny Hulme qualify at the front, ahead of Dan Gurney in the Eagle, Graham Hill for BRM and Jim Clark for Lotus. Next came John Surtees in the Cooper, to make it five different constructors in the top six. At the start, it was Brabham and Hill who led away, until it started raining and Jochen Rindt pitted for rain tyres. Rindt got up to second place, pressing Brabham for the lead, while Surtees was third. As the rain dried, however, Rindt fell back and Surtees retired, leaving Brabham and Hulme to finish first and second. Behind them came Hill, Clark and Rindt.[18]
Brabham and Hulme again qualified first and second for the Dutch Grand Prix, ahead of Clark, still driving a 2 litre Climax-powered Lotus. Hulme's engine went wrong on lap 17, eventually retiring on lap 37, and leaving Brabham vulnerable to Clark's offense. While lapping some backmarkers, the Brit passed the Australian and pulled out a substantial lead. At half-distance, Graham Hill was the only driver not lapped by Clark and Brabham, but then, a shock absorber on the Lotus's crankshaft broke and punched a hole in the water pump, leading to his engine coolant to leak away. This forced a pit stop and brought him down to third place. Brabham won his third race in a row, ahead of Hill.[19]
The German Grand Prix was run at the Nürburgring Nordschleife. In fear of a dull race with not enough entries, the FIA allowed Formula Two entries to race simultaneously. They would not be eligible for F1 championship points. The lighter 2 litre cars topped the timings in qualifying, with Clark, Surtees and Stewart occupying the front row. But at the start, the more powerful 3 litre cars got away better: Surtees held the lead, but Brabham and Lorenzo Bandini were his nearest rivals. John Taylor spun off in the rain that had started falling. He got trapped in a burning wreck but was rescued by F2 driver Jacky Ickx. At the end of the first lap, Brabham had taken the lead, ahead of Surtees, Rindt and Clark. The latter crashed out of the race on lap 11, while the podium places remained unchanged.[20]
After winning four consecutive races, Jack Brabham (Brabham) had a sizeable lead in the Drivers' Championship with 39 points, ahead of Graham Hill (BRM, 17 points) and John Surtees and Jochen Rindt (teammates at Cooper, both on 15 points). In the Manufacturers' Championship, Brabham led with 39 points, ahead of Ferrari (23) and BRM (22).
Rounds 7 to 9 edit
The teams that had had to make due with limited power until now, could finally take delivery of new 3 litre engines for the Italian Grand Prix: BRM introduced H16 engines for the works team and their customer Team Lotus, the Eagle was powered by the new Weslake V12, and Honda were on the grid for the first time this year with their own V12. Much to the joy of the tifosi, Ferrari teammates Mike Parkes and Ludovico Scarfiotti qualified at the front, ahead of Jim Clark (Lotus), John Surtees (Cooper) and Lorenzo Bandini (Ferrari). Championship leader Jack Brabham started in sixth but felt not much pressure, as Surtees had to win all three remaiining races to stop the Australian from claiming the title. Scarfiotti took the lead at the start but was down to seventh at the end of the first lap. His teammate Bandini replaced him at the front. Brabham went by on lap 4 but then retired with an oil leak. Successively, Surtees, Bandini and Clark retired as well, giving the lead back to Scarfiotti, ahead of Parkes and Denny Hulme (Brabham). Jochen Rindt's front tyre deflated coming out of the last corner, the Austrian crossing the finish line while spinning and eventually ending up in the grass. With Surtees' retirement, Brabham had clinched the Drivers' Championship of 1966.[21]
As per usual, the championship ended overseas, firstly with the United States Grand Prix. Freshly crowned champion Brabham qualified on pole with last year's champion Clark next to him. Bandini started third but quickly took the lead, before Brabham went back through on lap 10. Bandini later repassed the Australian but then retired with an engine failure. Half way through the race, Brabham retired as well. Clark had been left behind by the leading duo but inherited the race win. Rindt ran out of fuel and slowed down. He did finish the race, but his last lap took so long that it was forfeited, putting him a lap behind but still second in the classification, as Surtees in third was even further behind.[22]
The last round of the season, the Mexican Grand Prix, saw Surtees back on pole, for the first time in a Cooper, ahead of Clark and Ginther. The Honda driver took the lead at the start, leading fifth-starting Rindt and fourth-starting Brabham. Surtees fell down to fifth but had charged back to first at the half-way point. He won the race, seven seconds ahead of Brabham and at least a lap ahead of Hulme and the rest of the field.[23]
Jack Brabham had won the Drivers' Championship with 42 points, ahead of John Surtees (28) and Jochen Rindt (22). Jack It was Brabham's third Drivers' Championship (following wins in 1959 and 1960), moving him into the second place in the record standings, behind five-time champion Juan Manuel Fangio. He became the first and, so far, only driver to win the championship in a car carrying his own name. This was also the first time that a non-European or -British car had won the championship. The Brabham team also scored 42 points in the Manufacturers' Champions and won the title, ahead of Ferrari (31 points) and Cooper (30 points).
Results and standings edit
Grands Prix edit
World Drivers' Championship standings edit
Points towards the 1966 World Championship of Drivers were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis for the first six places at each race. Only the best five race results could be retained by each driver.
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- 1 – Ineligible for Formula One points, because he drove with a Formula Two car.
International Cup for F1 Manufacturers standings edit
Points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis at each round with only the best five round results retained. Only the best placed car from each manufacturer at each round was eligible to score points.
| Pos. | Manufacturer | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | ITA | USA | MEX | Pts.[a] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Brabham-Repco | Ret | (4) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | (3) | Ret | 2 | 42 (49) |
| 2 | Ferrari | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | (6) | 1 | Ret | 31 (32) | ||
| 3 | Cooper-Maserati | NC | 2 | 4 | (5) | 7 | 2 | (4) | 2 | 1 | 30 (35) |
| 4 | BRM | 1 | Ret | Ret | 3 | 2 | 4 | 7 | Ret | Ret | 22 |
| 5 | Lotus-BRM | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 5 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 13 |
| 6 | Lotus-Climax | Ret | Ret | Ret | 4 | 3 | Ret | 9 | 6 | Ret | 8 |
| 7 | Eagle-Climax | NC | 5 | Ret | Ret | 7 | DNQ | DSQ | 5 | 4 | |
| 8 | Honda | Ret | NC | 4 | 3 | ||||||
| 9 | McLaren-Ford | Ret | Ret | 5 | Ret | 2 | |||||
| 10 | Brabham-Climax | Ret | Ret | 7 | 7 | Ret | Ret | 6 | 1 | ||
| = | Brabham-BRM | Ret | 6 | 8 | 8 | Ret | DNQ | 1 | |||
| = | McLaren-Serenissima | DNS | 6 | DNS | 1 | ||||||
| — | Cooper-Ferrari | 11 | Ret | 0 | |||||||
| — | Eagle-Weslake | Ret | Ret | Ret | 0 | ||||||
| — | Shannon-Climax | Ret | 0 | ||||||||
| Pos. | Manufacturer | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | ITA | USA | MEX | Pts. |
- Bold results counted to championship totals.
Non-championship races edit
Four other Formula One races were held in 1966, which did not count towards the World Championship.
| Race name | Circuit | Date | Winning driver | Constructor | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South African Grand Prix | Prince George | 1 January | Mike Spence | Lotus-Climax | Report |
| Gran Premio di Siracusa | Syracuse | 1 May | John Surtees | Ferrari | Report |
| BRDC International Trophy | Silverstone | 14 May | Jack Brabham | Brabham-Repco | Report |
| International Gold Cup | Oulton Park | 17 September | Jack Brabham | Brabham-Repco | Report |
Grand Prix – the movie of the 1966 Formula One season edit
The film Grand Prix is a fictionalized version of the 1966 season, which includes footage of the actual races edited together with footage of actors in staged racing scenes.
Notes edit
References edit
- ^ "1966 Driver Standings". Formula1.com. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ "1966 Constructor Standings". Formula1.com. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
- ^ "Belgian Grand Prix - Spa-Francorchamps, 12 Jun 1966". oldracingcars.com. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ "McLaren M3A car-by-car histories". oldracingcars.com. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ Setright, L.J.K. "Lotus: The Golden Mean", in Northey, Tom, ed. World of Automobiles (London: Orbis, 1974), Volume 11, p. 1232.
- ^ Benson, Andrew (10 March 2017). "John Surtees: Former F1 world champion was a 'towering figure'". BBC. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
- ^ Taylor, Simon (October 2015). "Lunch with... John Surtees". Motor Sport. Vol. 91, no. 10. pp. 68–76. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ^ Tom Prankerd. "A Second A Lap: GP '66 - XII South African Grand Prix". from the original on 28 December 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ a b Steven de Groote (1 January 2009). "F1 rules and stats 1960-1969". F1Technical. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Formula One 1966 Season". Unique Cars And Parts. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Engine rule changes through the years". Formula1 Dictionary. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Points system definitions". Formula 1 Points. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ Martin Jones (20 July 2022). "A look back at Formula 1's unawarded points". GP Rejects. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ Stefan Kristensen (23 February 2022). "How Long Is a Formula 1 Race?". Motorsport Explained. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ Denis Jenkinson (22 May 1966). . Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Denis Jenkinson (12 June 1966). . Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Denis Jenkinson (3 July 1966). . Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Denis Jenkinson (16 July 1966). . Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Denis Jenkinson (24 July 1966). . Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Denis Jenkinson (7 August 1966). . Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Denis Jenkinson (4 September 1966). . Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Michael Tee (2 October 1966). . Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Michael Tee (23 October 1966). . Motorsport Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
External links edit
- Results and images at f1-facts.com
- The Formula One Archives at www.silhouet.com