Juan Manuel Fangio

This article is about the Formula One World Champion. For his nephew, also a racing driver, see Juan Manuel Fangio II.

Juan Manuel Fangio (American Spanish: [ˈfaŋxjo], Italian: [ˈfandʒo]; 24 June 1911 – 17 July 1995),^[2] nicknamed El Chueco ("the bowlegged" or "bandy legged one") or El Maestro ("The Master" or "The Teacher"), was an Argentine racing car driver. He dominated the first decade of Formula One racing, winning the World Drivers' Championship five times.^[3]

Juan Manuel Fangio

Fangio in 1952
Born	(1911-06-24)24 June 1911 Balcarce, Argentina
Died	17 July 1995(1995-07-17) (aged 84) Buenos Aires, Argentina
Formula One World Championship career
Nationality	Argentine
Active years	1950–1951, 1953–1958
Teams	Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Mercedes, Ferrari
Entries	52 (51 starts)
Championships	5 (1951, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957)
Wins	24
Podiums	35
Career points	245 (277 9⁄14)^[1]
Pole positions	29
Fastest laps	23
First entry	1950 British Grand Prix
First win	1950 Monaco Grand Prix
Last win	1957 German Grand Prix
Last entry	1958 French Grand Prix

From childhood, he abandoned his studies to pursue auto mechanics. In 1938, he debuted in Turismo Carretera, competing in a Ford V8. In 1940, he competed with Chevrolet, winning the Grand Prix International Championship and devoted his time to the Argentine Turismo Carretera becoming its champion, a title he successfully defended a year later. Fangio then competed in Europe between 1947 and 1949, where he achieved further success.

He won the World Championship of Drivers five times—a record that stood for 46 years until beaten by Michael Schumacher—with four different teams (Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz, and Maserati). He holds the highest winning percentage in Formula One at 46.15%, winning 24 of 52 Formula One races he entered.^[4] Fangio is the only Argentine driver to have won the Argentine Grand Prix, which he won four times in his career, more than any other driver.^[5][6]

After retirement, Fangio presided as the honorary president of Mercedes-Benz Argentina from 1987, a year after the inauguration of his museum, until his death in 1995. In 2011, on the centenary of his birth, Fangio was remembered around the world and various activities were held in his honor.

Early life

Fangio's grandfather, Giuseppe Fangio, emigrated to Buenos Aires from Italy in 1887. Giuseppe managed to buy his own farm near Balcarce, a small town near Mar del Plata in southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, within three years by making charcoal from tree branches. Giuseppe brought his family, with his 7-year son Loreto, later the racing driver's father, to Argentina from the small central Italian town of Castiglione Messer Marino in the Chieti province of the Abruzzo region. His mother, Herminia Déramo, was from Tornareccio, slightly to the north. Fangio's parents married on 24 October 1903 and lived on farms, where Herminia was a housekeeper and Loreto worked in the building trade, becoming an apprentice stonemason.^[7]

Fangio was born in Balcarce on 24 June 1911, San Juan's Day, at 12:10 am.^[8] His birth certificate was mistakenly dated 23 June in the Register of Balcarce.^[9] He was the fourth of six children.^[10] In his childhood he became known as El Chueco, the bandy-legged one, for his skill in bending his left leg around the ball to shoot on goal in football games.^[10]

Fangio started his education at School No. 4 of Balcarce, before transferring to School No. 1 and 18 Uriburu Av.^[9] When Fangio was 13, he dropped out of school and worked in Miguel Angel Casas auto mechanics' workshop as an assistant mechanic.^{[citation needed]} When he was 16, he started riding as a mechanic for his employer's customers. He developed pneumonia that almost proved fatal,^{[citation needed]} after a football game where hard running had caused a sharp pain in his chest. He was bed-ridden for two months, cared for by his mother.^[11]

After recovering, Fangio served compulsory military service at the age of 21. In 1932 he was enlisted at the Campo de Mayo cadet school near Buenos Aires. His driving skills caught the attention of his commanding officer, who appointed Fangio as his official driver. Fangio was discharged before his 22nd birthday, after taking his final physical examination. He returned to Balcarce where he aimed to further his football career. Along with his friend José Duffard he received offers to play at a club based in Mar del Plata. Their teammates at Balcarce suggested the two work on Fangio's hobby of building his own car, and his parents gave him space to do so in a rudimentary shed at the family home.^[11]

Early racing career

 

1950 Simca Gordini T15s, as raced, and retired, at the 1950 24 Hours of Le Mans by José Froilán González and Juan Manuel Fangio

After finishing his military service, Fangio opened his own garage and raced in local events. He began his racing career in Argentina in 1936, driving a 1929 Ford Model A that he had rebuilt. In the Tourism Highway category, Fangio participated in his first race between 18 and 30 October 1938 as the co-pilot of Luis Finocchietti. Despite not winning the Argentine Road Grand Prix, Fangio drove most of the way and finished 5th. In November of that year, he entered the "400 km of Tres Arroyos", but it was suspended due to a fatal accident.^[12]

During his time racing in Argentina, he drove Chevrolet cars and was Argentine National Champion in 1940 and 1941. One particular race, the 1940 Gran Premio del Norte, was almost 10,000 km (6,250 mi) long, one that Fangio described as a "terrible ordeal". This rally-style race started in Buenos Aires on 27 September, and ran up through the Andes and Bolivia to Lima, Peru, and then back to Buenos Aires, taking 15 days, ending on 12 October with stages held each day. This horrendously gruelling race was held in the most difficult and varied conditions imaginable- drivers had to traverse through hot and dry deserts, insect-ridden jungles with crushing humidity, and freezing cold and sometimes snowy mountain passes with 1,000 feet (300 m) cliff drops at extremely high altitude- sometimes in total darkness, all on a mixture of dirt and paved roads. Early in the race Fangio hit a large rock and damaged the car's driveshaft, which was replaced in the next town. Later on at an overnight stop in Bolivia one of the townspeople crashed into Fangio's car and bent an axle- he and his co-driver spent all night fixing it. Following this repair the fanblade got loose and punctured the radiator, which meant another repair before it was later replaced. They drove 150 miles (240 km) through scorching desert with no water, and during a night stint the headlights fell off and they were secured with his co-driver's necktie. The weather in the mountains was so cold that Fangio drove with his co-driver's arms around him for hours. These mountainous routes in Bolivia and Peru sometimes involved going up to altitudes of 14,000 feet (4,300 m) above sea level—a 40 percent reduction of air thickness, making breathing incredibly difficult and the engine being severely down on power. When Fangio finally got out of the mountains and back to Buenos Aires, after traversing all these external challenges, Fangio had won this race, which was his first big victory.^[13]

In 1941, he beat Oscar Gálvez in the Grand Prix Getúlio Vargas in Brazil, which was a 6-day, 3,731-kilometre (2,318 mi) public road race starting from and ending at Rio de Janeiro, going through various cities and towns all over Brazil such as São Paulo and Belo Horizonte. For the second time, Fangio was crowned champion of Argentine TC. In 1942, he took tenth place in the South Grand Prix. In April he won the race "Mar y Sierras", and then had to suspend activity due to World War II.^[12] In 1946, Fangio returned to racing with two races in Morón and Tandil driving a Ford T. In February 1947, Fangio competed at National Mechanics (MN) at the Retiro circuit, and on 1 March, he started the race for Rosario City Award. Subsequently, Fangio triumphed in the 'Double Back Window' Race.^[14]

In October 1948, Fangio however suffered a personal tragedy in another gruelling race, this time a point-to-point race from Buenos Aires to Caracas, Venezuela- a 20-day event covering a distance of 9,580 kilometres (5,950 mi) through Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and finally Venezuela. Fangio, with his co-driver Daniel Urrutia battled hard with brothers Juan and Oscar Galvez, and Domingo Marimon throughout. On the 10th day, on the Lima to Tumbes stage in northern Peru, on coastal roads along the Pacific Ocean, Fangio was driving at night in thick fog generated from the ocean in near-pitch black darkness when he approached a left-hand bend at 140 kilometres per hour (87 mph) near the village of Huanchaco, not far from the small city of Trujillo. With his cars' lights not helping him much thanks to the thick fog, he approached the bend too fast, lost control of the car and tumbled down an embankment, and Urrutia was thrown out of the car through the front windscreen. Oscar Galvez stopped to help Fangio, who had neck injuries, soon found the badly injured Urrutia. Another competitor, Luciano Marcilla, stopped and took Fangio and Urrutia to the nearest hospital in the town of Chocope 50 km (31 mi) away. Fangio survived but 35-year-old Urrutia did not, suffering multiple fatal cervical and basal skull fractures. Domingo Marimon won the race, but the race was a disaster and was marred by the deaths of 3 spectators and 3 drivers (including Urrutia).^[15] Fangio believed he would never race again and entered a depressed state after the death of his friend, but he soon got out of his saddened state, and his successes in Argentina caught the attention of the Argentine Automobile Club and the Juan Peron-led Argentine government, so they bought a Maserati and sent him to Europe in December 1948 to continue his career.^[16][17]

Formula One and sports car racing

Overview

 

Fangio at the 1954 German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring

 

Fangio being chased by Alberto Ascari during the 1954 Italian Grand Prix.

 

Fangio at the 1957 Argentine Grand Prix in Buenos Aires

 

Fangio driving a Maserati 250F.

Fangio was the oldest driver in many of his Formula One races, having started his Grand Prix career in his late 30s. During his career, drivers raced with almost no protective equipment on circuits with no safety features. Formula One cars in the 1950s were for the time not only fast, but very physically and mentally demanding to drive; races were much longer than today and demanded incredible stamina. Tyres were very narrow and cross-ply, and far less forgiving; treads often stripped in a race, and spark plugs fouled. The drivers wore goggles with cloth helmets up to 1952, where from that year on helmets were made mandatory, so they wore pie-shaped crash hats made of paper-mache. The cars had no seatbelts, no roll-over protection, no bodywork to contain the driver (up until 1954) and the front-engined layout of these cars meant that the heated air from the engine and the gearbox would often blast the bodies of the drivers for the hours of the race, with the driveshaft spinning between their legs, and there were, of course, no electronic aids or computer intervention. At the end of a GP, drivers often suffered blistered hands caused by heavy steering and gear changing, and their faces were sometimes covered in soot from the inboard brakes. Despite Fangio's short career, he was one of the top GP drivers in history, rivalling Tazio Nuvolari.^{[citation needed]}

Fangio had no compunction about leaving a team, even after a successful year or even during a season, if he thought he would have a better chance with a better car. As was then common, several of his race results were shared with teammates after he took over their car during races when his own had technical problems. His rivals included Alberto Ascari, Giuseppe Farina and Stirling Moss. Throughout his career, Fangio was backed by funding from the Argentine government of Juan Perón.^[18]

World championship successes

 

Fangio after winning the 1957 German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring.

Fangio's first Grand Prix race was the 1948 French Grand Prix at Reims, where he started his Simca Gordini from 11th on the grid but retired. Fangio briefly returned to South America to compete in the aforementioned Buenos Aires to Caracas race, he then returned to Europe the following year, and raced in Sanremo; having upgraded to a Maserati 4CLT/48 sponsored by the Automobile Club of Argentina he dominated the event, winning both heats to take the aggregate win by almost a minute over Prince Bira. Fangio entered a further six Grand Prix races in 1949, winning four of them against top-level opposition.^[17][19]

Alfa Romeo and Monza accident

For the first World Championship of Drivers in 1950, Fangio was taken on by the Alfa Romeo team alongside Farina and Luigi Fagioli. With competitive racing cars following the Second World War still in short supply, the pre-war Alfettas proved dominant. Fangio won each of the three races he finished at Monaco, Spa and Reims-Gueux but Farina's three wins at races Fangio retired from and a fourth-place allowed Farina to take the title, even though Fangio was quicker than Farina, who was able to take advantage of Fangio's mechanical woes. Fangio's most notable victory that year was at Monaco, where he dodged a multi-car pile-up and easily won the race. In 1950s non-championship races Fangio took a further four wins at San Remo, Pau and the fearsome Coppa Acerbo at the 16-mile Pescara public road circuit, and two seconds from eight starts. At Pescara in 1950, going down a long straight called the Flying Kilometer, he was clocked doing 194 mph (310 km/h) in his Alfa. He also won a handful of races for the Argentine Automobile Club driving a Maserati 4CLT and a Ferrari 166.

Fangio won three more championship races for Alfa in 1951 in the Swiss, French and Spanish Grands Prix, and with the new 4.5-litre Ferraris taking points off his teammates Farina and various others, Fangio took the title at the final race in Spain, finishing six points ahead of Ascari at the Pedralbes street circuit. Fangio also finished 2nd at the British Grand Prix at Silverstone after his horrendously fuel-inefficient Alfa had to make 2 lengthy pit stops for fuel, and he finished 2nd at the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring after he lost 1st and 2nd gears in his Alfa during an intense battle with Alberto Ascari.^{[20][17][18][19]}

With the 1952 World Championship being run to Formula Two specifications, Alfa Romeo did not have a car for the new formula and were unable to use their supercharged Alfettas, so they withdrew. As a result, the defending champion found himself without a car for the first race of the championship and remained absent from F1 until June, when he drove the British BRM V16 in non-championship F1 races at the public road circuits at Albi in France and Dundrod in Northern Ireland. Fangio had agreed to drive for Maserati in a non-championship race at Monza the day after the Dundrod race, but having missed a connecting flight he decided to drive through the night on pre-motorway mountain roads through the Alps from Lyon, arriving half an hour before the start. Arriving at Monza at 2 p.m., he was badly fatigued and with the race starting at 2:30 p.m., Fangio started the race from the back of the grid but lost control on the second lap, crashed into a grass bank, and was thrown out of the car as it flipped end over end, smashing through trees. He was taken to a hospital in Milan with multiple injuries, the most serious being a broken neck, and spent the rest of 1952 recovering in Argentina.^[17][19] Nino Farina, who had won the race, visited Fangio in hospital and gifted him with the winner's laurel wreath.

Maserati and sports car racing successes

In Europe, and back to full racing fitness in 1953, Fangio rejoined Maserati for the championship season, and against the dominant Ferraris led by Ascari he took a lucky win at Monza. Fangio's car had a bad vibration all throughout practice, and he offered the Maserati mechanics 10% of his winnings if they fixed the vibration; they did, and Fangio qualified second, and won the race, setting fastest lap and beating Nino Farina by just 1.4 seconds. Along with that win, Fangio secured three second-places to finish second in the Championship, and also came third first time out in the Targa Florio. He also competed and won one of 2 heats in the Albi Grand Prix, again with BRM and driving the fearsome and powerful Type 15, a car with a 600 hp supercharged V16 that was difficult to drive.

He also competed in one of the most dangerous and prestigious races in Europe: the Mille Miglia, a 1,000 miles (1,600 km) race on open public roads covering nearly all of northern Italy driving an Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM entered by the factory. The Mille Miglia and also another championship race in 1953, the Carrera Panamericana in Mexico were much like the races he competed in South America in the 1940s (except all the roads used in Italy and Mexico were paved). At the Mille Miglia, the Alfa team was expected to win, and after Farina, Karl Kling and Consalvo Sanesi all crashed, Fangio was leading when he reached Rome, pushing very hard from when he started in Brescia. Fangio then suffered left front steering arm failure near Bologna and only had consistent steering on the right front; this allowed Mille Miglia expert Giannino Marzotto to catch and beat Fangio by 12 minutes, even though the Argentine driver drove hard to keep up with Marzotto. He ended 1953 by winning the dauntingly dangerous and difficult 2,000 mi (3,200 km) Carrera Panamericana in Mexico driving a Lancia D24; Fangio was able to win this 5-day open public road rally that started at the Guatemala-Mexico border and ended at the Mexico-United States border in Ciudad Juarez, setting a new race time completion record of 18.5 hours (despite Fangio not winning a single stage), some 9 hours faster than the winner of the first event in 1950. The race was marred by multiple spectator fatalities, and the death of 50-year-old Felice Bonetto, like Fangio driving a works Lancia, on the third day of the competition in the town of Silao.^[17][19][21]

Mercedes-Benz

 

Mercedes W196 F1 car in Buenos Aires

In 1954 Fangio raced for Maserati until Mercedes-Benz entered competition in mid-season. He won his home Grand Prix in Buenos Aires and at Spa with the iconic 250F. Mercedes-Benz's first race was the French Grand Prix at the fast, straight dominated Reims public road circuit, and he won the race with the streamlined, closed-wheel W196 Monoposto- a car that although difficult to drive was ahead of its time. Fangio spent the race battling with teammate Karl Kling down Reims's long straights. Fangio failed to win at Silverstone, with the closed-wheel car designed for straight-line speed struggling at the high speed corner-dominated circuit. Fangio got the more nimble open-wheeled W196 for the Nürburgring, and won the race, as he did at Bremgarten and then at Monza, the latter with the streamlined car. Monza was a particularly brutal race in that Alberto Ascari had turned up with the new Lancia, and young British up-and-comer Stirling Moss in a private Maserati was also competitive during the race. Ascari and Moss both passed Fangio and raced each other hard until Ascari dropped out with engine problems. Moss's engine blew up near the end of the race and Fangio took victory. Winning eight out of twelve races (six out of eight in the championship) and winning his second championship in that year, he continued to race with Mercedes—driving a further developed W196 with improved performance in 1955 in a team that included Moss.

For 1955, Fangio subjected himself to a training programme which was strenuous in an effort to keep up his fitness levels high which was comparable to his younger rivals. He won a particularly brutal race at the Gran Premio de la República Argentina. This race was run in Buenos Aires during a gruelling 40 °C (104 °F) heat wave, and with track temperature of over 57 °C (135 °F) few drivers other than Fangio were able to complete the race. The W196's chassis had heated up and Fangio's right leg rubbed against the chassis structure, but even after receiving severe burns he kept going; it took him three months to recover from his injuries. 1955 also saw Fangio attempt the Mille Miglia again, this time without a navigator, driving a Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR. After leaving at 6:58 a.m., the car's advanced engine began developing problems when he got to Pescara. The Mercedes mechanics apparently found nothing, and sent him off. Fangio was losing time to Moss and Hans Herrmann, and when he got to Rome the engine was still not running smoothly. Again Fangio was sent away by the mechanics. And when he got to Florence, a few loud bangs were heard, so the mechanics raised the bonnet and they found that one of the fuel injection pipes had broken, so Fangio's 300 SLR was running on seven cylinders instead of eight; this could not be repaired and Fangio drove all the way back to Brescia with a misfiring engine, finishing in 2nd behind Moss. Fangio later surmised that Mercedes felt he could not win the race without a navigator so they did not put as much effort behind preparing his car as they did with the car of Moss, who had a navigator. At the end of the second successful season (which was overshadowed by the 1955 Le Mans disaster in which 83 spectators were killed, an accident which happened right in front of and nearly killed him) Mercedes withdrew from racing and after four attempts, Fangio never raced at Le Mans again. ^[22][17] A number of races were cancelled after this race except for Britain and Italy (which both already had circuits with new and updated safety facilities), which he finished in 2nd in the former and won the latter, allowing him to win his 3rd world championship. Mercedes's last race was the Targa Florio sportscar race, which Mercedes needed to win in order to beat Ferrari and Jaguar to the title; the German firm had skipped the first two races in Buenos Aires and Sebring, Florida. Fangio, driving with Kling finished 2nd to Moss and Peter Collins, allowing Mercedes to win the title by two points over Ferrari.

Last years with Ferrari and Maserati

In 1956 Fangio moved to Ferrari to win his fourth title. Neither Enzo Ferrari nor the Ferrari team manager Eraldo Sculati had a warm relationship with Fangio, despite their shared success with the very difficult-to-drive Ferrari-developed Lancia car. Fangio took over his teammate's cars after he suffered mechanical problems in three races, the Argentine, Monaco and Italian Grands Prix. In each case the points were shared between the two drivers. After the Monaco Grand Prix, where Fangio struggled with the ill-handling Lancia-Ferrari he asked Ferrari if he could have one mechanic exclusively for his car, as Ferrari did not have his mechanics assigned to any of the cars, as Mercedes had. Ferrari granted Fangio's request, and the performance of Fangio's car improved substantially. In addition to winning in Argentina, Fangio won the British and German Grand Prixs at Silverstone and the Nürburgring. At the season-ending Italian Grand Prix, Fangio's Ferrari teammate Peter Collins, who was in a position to win the World Championship with just 15 laps to go, handed over his car to Fangio. They shared the six points won for second place, giving Fangio the World title.^[19]

"I have never driven that quickly before in my life and I don't think I will ever be able to do it again."

—Fangio after the 1957 German Grand Prix^[23]

In 1957 Fangio returned to Maserati, who were still using the same iconic 250F which Fangio had driven at the start of 1954. Fangio started the season with a hat-trick of wins in Argentina, Monaco and France, before retiring with engine problems in Britain. He also won the 12 Hours of Sebring sportscar race in America driving a Maserati 450S with Jean Behra for the second year running. But at the Grand Prix after Britain, the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring circuit, Fangio needed to extend his lead by six points to claim the title with two races to spare. From pole position Fangio dropped to third behind the Ferraris of Mike Hawthorn and Collins but managed to get past both by the end of the third lap. Fangio had started with half-full tanks since he expected that he would need new tyres halfway through the race. In the event Fangio pitted on lap 13 with a 30-second lead, but a disastrous stop left him back in third place and 50 seconds behind Collins and Hawthorn. Fangio came into his own, setting one fastest lap after another, culminating in a record-breaking time on lap 20 a full eleven seconds faster than the best the Ferraris could do. On the penultimate lap Fangio got back past both Collins and Hawthorn, and held on to take the win by just over three seconds.^[24] With Musso finishing in fourth place, Fangio claimed his fifth title. This performance is often regarded as one of the greatest drives in Formula One history, and it was also Fangio's final victory in the sport.^[17][18][19] Fangio's record of five championships remained unbroken until 2003, when Michael Schumacher won his sixth championship.

After his series of consecutive championships he retired in 1958, following the French Grand Prix. Such was the respect for Fangio that during that final race, race leader Hawthorn, who had lapped Fangio, braked as he was about to cross the line so that Fangio could complete the 50-lap distance in his final race; he crossed the line over two minutes down on Hawthorn. Getting out of the Maserati after the race, he said to his mechanic simply, "It is finished." He was famous for winning races at what he described as the slowest possible speed, in order to conserve the car to the finish. Cars in the 1940s and 1950s were unpredictable in their reliability, with almost any component susceptible to breaking. He won 24 World Championship Grands Prix, 22 outright and 2 shared with other drivers, from 52 entries – a winning percentage of 46.15%, the highest in the sport's history (Alberto Ascari, who has the second-highest, holds a winning percentage of 40.63%). Both drivers were already experienced Grand Prix drivers before the world championship started.^[17][18]

Kidnapping

President Fulgencio Batista of Cuba established the non-Formula One Cuban Grand Prix in Havana in 1957. Fangio won the 1957 event, and had set fastest times during practice for the 1958 race. On 23 February 1958, two gunmen of Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement entered the Hotel Lincoln in Havana and kidnapped Fangio. Batista ordered the race to continue as usual while a crack team of police hunted down the kidnappers. They set up roadblocks at intersections, and guards were assigned to private and commercial airports and to all competing drivers.^[25][26][27]

Fangio was taken to three separate houses. His captors allowed him to listen to the race via radio, bringing a television for him to witness reports of a disastrous crash after the race concluded. In the third house, Fangio was allowed his own bedroom but became convinced that a guard was standing outside the bedroom door at all hours. The captors talked about their revolutionary programme, which Fangio had not wished to speak about, as he did not have an interest in politics. He later said: "Well, this is one more adventure. If what the rebels did was in a good cause, then I, as an Argentine, accept it."^[27] He was released after 29 hours, after being "treated very well".^[28][29]

The captors' motives were to force the cancellation of the race in an attempt to embarrass the Batista regime. After Fangio was handed over to the Argentine embassy soon after the race, many Cubans were convinced that Batista was losing his power because he failed to track the captors down. The Cuban Revolution took over the government in January 1959, and the 1959 Cuban Grand Prix was cancelled. The Fangio kidnapping was dramatized in a 1999 Argentine film directed by Alberto Lecchi, Operación Fangio.^{[27][30][31][32]}

Later life and death

 

Juan Manuel Fangio driving a Mercedes-Benz W196 in the 1986 Oldtimer Grand Prix at the Nürburgring

When Fangio attended the 1958 Indianapolis 500, he was offered $20,000 to qualify in a Kurtis-Offenhauser by the car's owner, George Walther, Jr (father of future Indy 500 driver Salt Walther). Fangio had previously attended the 500 in 1948 at which time he expressed his interest in competing the race. However, he was unable to qualify with a car that did not work properly. Walther allowed Fangio to stand aside (before a contract with British Petroleum came to light), still he did not want another driver to take over Fangio's position.^[33]

During the rest of his life after retiring from racing Fangio sold Mercedes-Benz cars, often driving his former racing cars in demonstration laps. Even before he joined the Mercedes Formula One team, in the mid-1950s, Fangio had acquired the Argentine Mercedes concession. He was appointed President of Mercedes-Benz Argentina in 1974, and its Honorary President for Life in 1987.

Fangio served as the flagman for the Argentine Grand Prix from 1972 to 1981, and for NASCAR's Winston 500 in 1975.

Fangio was the special guest of the 50th anniversary 1978 Australian Grand Prix at the Sandown Raceway in Melbourne (7 years before the Australian Grand Prix became a round of the World Championship in 1985). After awarding the Lex Davison Trophy to race winner Graham McRae (who stated that meeting Fangio was a bigger thrill than actually winning the race for the 3rd time), the legendary Argentinian drove his 1954 and 1955 World Championship-winning Mercedes-Benz W196 in a spirited 3 lap exhibition against 3 other cars, including the 1966 World Championship winning Brabham BT19 driven by Australia's own triple World Champion Jack Brabham. Despite his car being over 10 years older than the Repco Brabham, Fangio pushed the Australian all the way to the flag. Before the "race", Fangio (who at 67 years of age and not having raced competitively in 20 years, still held a full FIA Super Licence) had stated his intention of racing and not just putting in a demonstration drive.^[34]

At the beginning of the 1980s, Fangio underwent successful bypass surgery to correct a heart condition.^[35] He had also been suffering from kidney failure for some time before his death.^[10]

In 1980 Konex Foundation granted him the Diamond Konex Award as the best Sportsman of the decade in Argentina. In 1981 Fangio travelled to Monza for the Italian Grand Prix, where he was reunited with his Tipo 159 Alfa Romeo from 1951 and the 1954 Lancia D50 for a couple of demonstrative laps. For the event Fangio was joined by old friends and fellow racers, including Toulo de Graffenried, Luigi Villoresi and Giorgio Scarlatti as well as former Alfa Romeo managers from the 1950s Paolo Marzotto and Battista Guidotti. ^[36]

Following his retirement, Fangio was active in assembling automotive memorabilia associated with his racing career. This led to the creation of the Museo Juan Manuel Fangio, which opened in Balcarce in 1986.^[37]

Fangio was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1990. He returned to the spotlight in 1994, when he publicly opposed a new Province of Buenos Aires law denying driving licences to those over 80 (which included Fangio). Denied a renewal of his card, Fangio reportedly challenged Traffic Bureau personnel to a race between Buenos Aires and seaside Mar del Plata (a 400 km (250 mi) distance) in two hours or less, following which an exception was made for the five-time champion.^[38]

In 1990, Fangio met the three-time world champion, Ayrton Senna, who had genuinely felt the encounter had reflected the mutual affection for both drivers.^[39]

Juan Manuel Fangio died in Buenos Aires in 1995, at the age of 84 from kidney failure and pneumonia; he was buried in his home town of Balcarce. His pallbearers were his younger brother Ruben Renato ("Toto"), Stirling Moss, compatriot racers José Froilán González and Carlos Reutemann, Jackie Stewart and the president of Mercedes-Benz Argentina at the time.^[40]

Personal life

 

Andrea Berruet congratulates Fangio after his victory in the 1957 German Grand Prix

In the early 1950s, Fangio was involved in a road accident when he was forced to swerve to avoid an oncoming truck. The car, a Lancia Aurelia GT clipped a pole, spinning twice and threw Fangio out, which led him to sustain grazed elbows. One passenger stated the incident was the first time Fangio had been so terrified.^[41]

Fangio was never married, but was involved in a romantic relationship with Andrea Berruet with whom he broke up in 1960.^[42] They had a son named Oscar 'Cacho' Espinosa (1938) who was acknowledged as the unrecognised son of Fangio in 2000.^[43] Five years later, in 2005, Rubén Vázquez (1942) also claimed to be the son of Fangio through a relationship with Catarina Basili, whom Fangio had dated during a brief separation from Berruet. In July 2015, an Argentine court ruling ordered exhumation of Fangio's body after Espinosa's and Vázquez's claims to be the unacknowledged sons of the former race car driver.^[44] In December 2015, the Court confirmed that Espinosa was indeed Fangio's son,^[45] and in February 2016, it was confirmed that Rubén Vázquez was also Fangio's son.^[46] In June 2016, a DNA analysis concluded that Juan Carlos Rodríguez (1945) was the brother of Espinosa on paternal side with a 97.5% certainty. He was born from another brief relationship with Susana Rodríguez, who was 16 years old at the time. Fangio's paternity was ratified in May 2021 with a 99.9997% probability.^[47]

His nephew, Juan Manuel Fangio II, is also a successful racing driver.

Legacy

"You must always strive to be the best, but you must never believe that you are."

—Juan Manuel Fangio^[48]

His record of five World Championship titles stood for 45 years before German driver Michael Schumacher surpassed it in 2003. Schumacher said, "Fangio is on a level much higher than I see myself. What he did stands alone and what we have achieved is also unique. I have such respect for what he achieved. You can't take a personality like Fangio and compare him with what has happened today. There is not even the slightest comparison."^[49][50] When Lewis Hamilton equaled Fangio's five titles in 2018 he praised Fangio calling him the "Godfather of our sport"^[51]

In October 2020, The Economist ranked champion drivers by the relative importance of car quality to driver skill.^[52] According to this ranking, Fangio is Formula 1's best driver of all time. In November 2020, Carteret Analytics used quantitative analysis methods to rank Formula One drivers. According to this ranking, Fangio is Formula 1's best driver of all time.^[53] Similar mathematical analysis has also placed Fangio as the greatest of all time, once the era of racing was considered. ^[54]

In his home country of Argentina, Fangio is revered as one of the greatest sportsmen the nation has ever produced. Argentines often refer to him as El Maestro, el mejor,^[55][56] which translates into The Master, the best one.

The first Michel Vaillant story was partly based on an imaginary conflict stirred up by fictional newspaper The New Indian on Fangio winning the World Championship at the Indy 500.

"What he did in his time is something that was an example of professionalism, of courage, of style and as a man, a human being. Every year there is a winner of the championship, but not necessarily a world champion. I think Fangio is the example of a true world champion"

—Ayrton Senna^[57]

Six statues of Fangio, sculpted by Catalan artist Joaquim Ros Sabaté, stand at race venues around the world: Puerto Madero, Buenos Aires; Monte Carlo, Monaco; Montmeló, Spain; Nürburgring, Germany; Stuttgart-Untertürkheim, Germany; and Monza, Italy.

The Museo Juan Manuel Fangio was established in Balcarce (Fangio's birthplace) in 1986.

Argentina's largest oil company, Repsol YPF, launched the "Fangio XXI" gas brand. The Zonda 2005 C12 F, also known as the Zonda Fangio, was designed in honour of Fangio and was released 10 years after his death.^[58] Maserati created a special website in 2007 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of his fifth and final world championship triumph.^[59] A Mercedes-Benz W196R Formula 1 race car, driven by Fangio in his World Championship-qualifying Grand Prix races in 1954 and 1955 was sold for a record $30 million at an auction in England on 12 July 2013.^[60]

Racing record

Career highlights

Season	Series	Position	Team	Car
1940	Turismo Carretera Argentina^[61]	1st		Chevrolet Cupé
	Gran Premio Internacional del Norte^[62]	1st		Chevrolet 40 Cupé
1941	Turismo Carretera Argentina^[61]	1st		Chevrolet Cupé
	Gran Premio "Getulio Vargas" Brasil^[62]	1st		Chevrolet 40 Cupé
	Mil Millas Argentinas^[62]	1st		Chevrolet 40 Cupé
1947	Premios Primavera Mecánica Argentine^[62]	1st		Volpi-Chevrolet
	Premio de Mecánica Argentina^[62]	1st		Ford-Chevrolet T
	Premio de Mecánica Rioplatense^[62]	1st		Volpi-Chevrolet
	Turismo Carretera Argentina^[62]	3rd		Chevrolet Cupé Model 39
	Gran Premio de Buenos Aires^[62]	3rd		Ford-Chevrolet T
	Gran Premio de Vendima^[62]	3rd		Ford-Chevrolet T
1948	Premio Doble vuelta Ciudad de Coronel Pringles^[62]	1st		Chevrolet Cupé
	Gran Premio Otoño^[62]	1st		Volpi-Chevrolet
	Gran Premio Ciudad de Mercedes^[62]	1st		Volpi-Chevrolet
	Premio Cien Millas Playas de Necochea^[62]	3rd		Volpi-Chevrolet
	Turismo Carretera Argentina^[62]	4th		Chevrolet Cupé
1949	Premio Jean Pierre Wimille^[63]	1st		Volpi-Chevrolet
	Gran Premio Mar del Plata^[63]	1st		Maserati 4CLT/48
	Premio Fraile Muerto^[63]	1st		Volpi-Chevrolet
	Gran Premio di San Remo^[63]	1st	Scuderia Achille Varzi	Maserati 4CLT/48
	Grand Prix de Pau^[63]	1st		Maserati 4CLT/48
	Grand Prix du Roussillon^[63]	1st	Automóvil Club Argentino	Maserati 4CLT/48
	Grand Prix de Marseille^[64]	1st	Scuderia Achille Varzi	Simca-Gordini T15
	Gran Premio dell'Autodromo di Monza^[65]	1st	A.C.A. Achille Varzi	Ferrari 166 F2
	Gran Premio Internacional San Martín^[66]	1st	Automóvil Club Argentino	Maserati 4CLT/48
	Grand Prix de l'Albigeois^[67]	1st	Automóvil Club Argentino	Maserati 4CLT/48
	Gran Premio de Eva Duarte Perón^[66]	2nd	Automóvil Club Argentino	Maserati 4CLT/48
	Gran Premio del General Juan Perón y de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires^[66]	2nd	Automóvil Club Argentino	Ferrari 166 F2
	Turismo Carretera Argentina^[63]	3rd		Chevrolet Cupé
1950	Grand Prix de Pau^[68]	1st	Automóvil Club Argentino	Maserati 4CLT/48
	Gran Premio di San Remo^[69]	1st	Scuderia Alfa Romeo	Alfa Romeo 158
	Grand Prix Automobile de Monaco^[70]	1st	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 158
	Grand Prix d'Angoulême^[71]	1st	Automóvil Club Argentino	Maserati 4CLT/48
	Grote Prijs van Belgie^[72]	1st	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 158
	Grand Prix de l'A.C.F.^[73]	1st	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 158
	Grand Prix des Nations^[74]	1st	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 158
	Circuito di Pescara^[75]	1st	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 158
	Gran Premio de Paraná^[76]	1st	Automóvil Club Argentino	Ferrari 166 FL
	Gran Premio del Presidente Alessandri^[76]	1st	Automóvil Club Argentino	Ferrari 166 FL
	500 Millas de Rafaele^[77]	1st	Anthony Lago	Talbot-Lago T26C
	Formula One World Championship^[78]	2nd	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 158
	Gran Premio di Bari^[79]	2nd	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 158
	Daily Express BRDC International Trophy^[75]	2nd	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 158
	Grand Prix de Marseilles^[80]	3rd	Scuderia Achille Varzi	Ferrari 166 F2
	Mille Miglia^[81]	3rd		Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Competitzione Berlinetta
1951	Formula One World Championship^[82]	1st	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 159
	Großer Preis der Schweiz^[83]	1st	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 159A
	Grand Prix de l'A.C.F.,^[84]	1st	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 159A
	Gran Premio di Bari^[85]	1st	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 159A
	Gran Premio de España^[86]	1st	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 159M
	RAC British Grand Prix^[87]	2nd	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 159B
	Großer Preis von Deutschland^[88]	2nd	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 159B
	Gran Premio del General Juan Perón y de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires^[89]	3rd	Daimler-Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W154
1952	Grande Prêmio de Interlagos^[90]	1st	A.C.A.	Ferrari 166 FL
	Grande Prêmio da Qunita da Boa Vista^[90]	1st	A.C.A.	Ferrari 166 FL
	Gran Premio del General Juan Perón y de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires^[90]	1st	A.C.A.	Ferrari 166 FL
	Gran Premio Maria Eva Duarte de Perón y de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires^[90]	1st	A.C.A.	Ferrari 166 FL
	Gran Premio de Uruguay^[90]	1st	A.C.A.	Ferrari 166 FL
	Gran Premio de Montvideo^[90]	1st	A.C.A.	Ferrari 166 FL
1953	Vues des Aples^[91]	1st		Maserati A6GCM/53
	Gran Premio d'Italia^[92]	1st	Officine Alfieri Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6GCM/53
	Gran Premio di Modena^[93]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6GCM/53
	Supercortemaggiore^[94]	1st	Scuderia Alfa Romeo	Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Spider
	Carrera Panamericana^[95]	1st	Scuderia Lancia	Lancia D24 Pininfarina
	Formula One World Championship^[96]	2nd	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6GCM/53
	Mille Miglia^[97]	2nd	SP.A. Alfa Romeo	Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM
	Gran Premio di Napoli^[98]	2nd	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6GCM/53
	Grand Prix de l'ACF^[99]	2nd	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6GCM/53
	Daily Express Trophy^[100]	2nd	Owen Racing Organisation	BRM Type 15
	RAC British Grand Prix^[101]	2nd	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6GCM/53
	Großer Preis von Deutschland^[102]	2nd	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6GCM/53
	Woodcote Cup^[103]	2nd	Owen Racing Organisation	BRM Type 15
	Grand Prix de Bordeaux^[104]	3rd	Equipe Gordini	Gordini T16
	Targa Florio^[105]	3rd	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6GCS/53
1954	Formula One World Championship^[106]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati Daimler Benz AG	Maserati A6SSG Mercedes-Benz W196
	Gran Premio de la Republica Argentina^[107]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6SSG
	Grand Prix de Belgique^[108]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F
	Grand Prix de I'ACF^[109]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	Großer Preis von Deutschland^[110]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	Großer Preis der Schweiz^[111]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	Gran Premio d'Italia^[112]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	RAC Tourist Trophy^[113]	2nd	Scuderia Lancia	Lancia D24
	Grosser Preis von Berlin^[114]	2nd	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	Gran Premio de España^[115]	3rd	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
1955	Formula One World Championship^[116]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	Gran Premio de la Republica Argentina^[117]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	Gran Premio de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires^[118]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	Internationales ADAC-Eifel-Rennen Nürburgring^[119]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR
	Grote Prijs van Belgie^[120]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	Grote Prijs van Nederland^[121]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	Sveriges Grand Prix^[122]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR
	Gran Premio d'Italia^[123]	1st	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	Gran Premio de Venezuela^[124]	1st	Equipo Maserati	Maserati 300S
	Mille Miglia^[125]	2nd	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR
	RAC British Grand Prix^[126]	2nd	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196
	RAC Tourist Trophy^[127]	2nd	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR
	Targa Florio^[128]	2nd	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR
1956	Formula One World Championship^[129]	1st	Scuderia Ferrari	Lancia-Ferrari D50 Ferrari D50
	Gran Premio de la Republica Argentina^[130]	1st	Scuderia Ferrari	Lancia-Ferrari D50
	Gran Premio de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires^[131]	1st	Scuderia Ferrari	Lancia-Ferrari D50
	Florida International Grand Prix of Endurance powered by Amoco^[132]	1st	Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari 860 Monza
	Gran Premio di Siracusa^[118]	1st	Scuderia Ferrari	Lancia-Ferrari D50
	RAC British Grand Prix^[133]	1st	Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari D50
	Großer Preis von Deutschland^[134]	1st	Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari D50
	Grand Prix Automobile de Monaco^[135]	2nd	Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari D50
	Internationales ADAC 1000 Kilometer Rennen auf dem Nürburgring^[136]	2nd	Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari 860 Monza
	Gran Premio d'Italia^[137]	2nd	Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari D50
	Gran Premio de Venezuela^[138]	2nd	Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari 860 Monza
	Supercortemaggiore^[139]	3rd	Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari 500 Mondial
1957	Formula One World Championship^[140]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F
	Gran Premio de la Republica Argentina^[141]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F
	Gran Premio de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires^[142]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F
	Gran Premio de Cuba^[143]	1st	Scuderia Madunina	Maserati 300S
	12-Hour Florida International Grand Prix of Endurance for The Amoco Trophy^[144]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 450S
	Grand Prix Automobile de Monaco^[145]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F
	Circuito de Monsanto^[146]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 300S
	Grand Prix de l'ACF^[147]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F
	Großer Preis von Deutschland^[148]	1st	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F
	Gran Premio de Interlagos^[149]	1st		Maserati 300S
	Gran Premio de Bos Vista^[149]	1st		Maserati 300S
	Gran Premio di Pescara^[150]	2nd	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F
	Gran Premio d'Italia^[151]	2nd	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F
1958	Gran Premio de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires^[152]	1st	Scuderia Sud Americana	Maserati 250F
	Formula One World Championship^[152]	14th	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F

Post-World War II Grandes Épreuves results

(key)

Year	Entrant	Chassis	Engine	1	2	3	4	5
1948	Equipe Gordini	Simca Gordini T11	Simca-Gordini 1.4 L4	MON	SUI	FRA Ret	ITA	GBR
1949	Automóvil Club Argentino	Maserati 4CLT/48	Maserati 4CLT 1.5 L4 s	GBR	BEL Ret	SUI	FRA Ret	ITA
Source:^[153]

Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Entrant	Chassis	Engine	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	WDC	Pts^[1]
1950	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 158	Alfa Romeo 158 1.5 L8 s	GBR Ret	MON 1	500	SUI Ret	BEL 1	FRA 1	ITA Ret*					2nd	27
1951	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 159	Alfa Romeo 158 1.5 L8 s	SUI 1	500	BEL 9	FRA 1*	GBR 2	GER 2	ITA Ret	ESP 1				1st	31 (37)
1953	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6GCM	Maserati A6 2.0 L6	ARG Ret	500	NED Ret	BEL Ret*	FRA 2	GBR 2	GER 2	SUI 4*	ITA 1			2nd	28 (29 1⁄2)
1954	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F	Maserati 250F1 2.5 L6	ARG 1	500	BEL 1									1st	42 (57 1⁄7)
	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196	Mercedes M196 2.5 L8				FRA 1^†	GBR 4^†	GER 1	SUI 1	ITA 1^†	ESP 3
1955	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196	Mercedes M196 2.5 L8	ARG 1	MON Ret	500	BEL 1	NED 1	GBR 2	ITA 1^†					1st	40 (41)
1956	Scuderia Ferrari	Lancia-Ferrari D50	Ferrari DS50 2.5 V8	ARG 1*	MON 2*	500	BEL Ret	FRA 4	GBR 1	GER 1	ITA 2*				1st	30 (33)
1957	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F	Maserati 250F1 2.5 L6	ARG 1	MON 1	500	FRA 1	GBR Ret	GER 1	PES 2	ITA 2				1st	40 (46)
1958	Scuderia Sud Americana	Maserati 250F	Maserati 250F1 2.5 L6	ARG 4	MON	NED									14th	7
	Novi Auto Air Conditioner	Kurtis Kraft 500F	Novi 3.0 L8 s				500 DNQ
	Juan Manuel Fangio	Maserati 250F	Maserati 250F1 2.5 L6					BEL	FRA 4	GBR	GER	POR	ITA	MOR

* Shared drive.

^† Car ran with streamlined, full-width bodywork.

Complete non-championship Formula One results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Entrant	Chassis	Engine	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34
1950	Scuderia Achille Varzi	Maserati 4CLT/48	Maserati 1.5 s/c straight-4	PAU 1	RIC						ALB Ret	NED Ret
	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 158	Alfa Romeo 1.5 s/c straight-8			SRM 1	PAR	EMP	BAR 2	JER			NAT 1	NOT	ULS	PES 1	STT	INT 2	GOO	PEN
1951	Alfa Romeo SpA	Alfa Romeo 159	Alfa Romeo 1.5 s/c straight-8	SYR	PAU	RIC	SRM	BOR	INT 4		ULS	SCO	NED	ALB	PES	BAR 1	GOO
	Equipe Gordini	Simca Gordini Type 11	Gordini 1.5 s/c straight-4							PAR Ret
1952	British Racing Motors	BRM Type 15	BRM P15 1.5 s/c V16	SYR	VAL DNA	RIC	LAV	PAU	IBS	MAR	AST	INT	ELÄ	NAP	EIF	PAR	ALB Ret	FRO	ULS Ret
	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6GCM	Maserati 2.0 L6																	MNZ Ret	LAC	ESS	MAR	SAB	CAE	DMT	COM	NAT	BAU	MOD	CAD	SKA	MAD	AVU	JOE	NEW
1953	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati A6GCM	Maserati 2.0 L6	SYR	PAU	LAV	AST	BOR 3	INT	ELÄ	NAP 2	ULS	WIN	FRO	COR	EIF																		MOD 1	MAD	JOE	CUR
	British Racing Motors	BRM Type 15	BRM P15 1.5 s/c V16														ALB Ret	PRI	ESS	MID	ROU	CRY	AVU	USF	LAC	BRI	CHE	SAB	NEW	CAD	RED	SKA	LON
1954	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F	Maserati 250 2.5 L6	SYR DNA	PAU	LAV	BOR	INT	BAR	CUR	ROM DNA	FRO	COR	BRC	CRY	ROU	CAE	AUG	COR	OUL	RED	PES	JOE	CAD
	Daimler Benz AG	Mercedes-Benz W196	Mercedes M196 2.5 L8																						BER 2	GOO	DTT
1956	Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari D50	Ferrari DS50 2.5 V8	BUE 1	GLV	SYR 1	AIN	INT Ret	NAP	100	VNW	CAE	BRH
1957	Officine Alfieri Maserati	Maserati 250F	Maserati 250 2.5 L6	BUE 1	SYR	GLV	NAP	RMS 8	CAE	INT	MOD	MOR 4

Formula One records

Fangio holds the following Formula One records:

Record
Highest percentage of wins	46.15% (24 wins out of 52 entries)
Highest percentage of pole positions	55.8% (29 pole positions out of 52 entries)
Highest percentage of front row starts	92.31% (48 front row starts out of 52 entries)
Oldest World Champion	46 years, 41 days (1957)
World Champion with most teams	4 teams (Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Mercedes and Maserati)

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

Year	Team	Co-Drivers	Car	Class	Laps	Pos.	Class Pos.
1950	Automobiles Gordini	José Froilán González	Gordini T15S	S3.0	95	DNF	DNF
1951	Louis Rosier	Louis Rosier	Talbot-Lago T26C	S5.0	92	DNF	DNF
1953	S.P.A. Alfa Romeo	Onofre Marimón	Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM	S5.0	22	DNF	DNF
1955	Daimler Benz AG	Stirling Moss	Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR	S3.0	134	DNF	DNF

Complete 12 Hours of Sebring results

Year	Team	Co-Drivers	Car	Class	Laps	Pos.	Class Pos.
1954	Scuderia Lancia Co.	Eugenio Castellotti	Lancia D24	S5.0	51	DNF	DNF
1956	Scuderia Ferrari	Eugenio Castellotti	Ferrari 860 Monza	S5.0	194	1st	1st
1957	Maserati Factory	Jean Behra	Maserati 450S	S5.0	197	1st	1st

Complete 24 Hours of Spa

Year	Team	Co-Drivers	Car	Class	Laps	Pos.	Class Pos.
1953	S.P.A. Alfa Romeo	Consalvo Sanesi	Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM Spider	S	5	DNF	DNF

Complete Mille Miglia results

Year	Team	Co-Drivers/Navigator	Car	Class	Pos.	Class Pos.
1950		Augusto Zanardi	Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Competizione	S+2.0	3rd	3rd
1952		Giulio Sala	Alfa Romeo 1900 Sprint	GT2.0	22nd	7th
1953	S.P.A. Alfa Romeo	Giulio Sala	Alfa Romeo 6C 3000 CM	S+2.0	2nd	2nd
1955	Daimler Benz AG		Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR	S+2.0	2nd	2nd
1956	Scuderia Ferrari		Ferrari 290 MM	S+2.0	4th	4th

Complete Carrera Panamericana results

Year	Team	Co-Drivers/Navigator	Car	Class	Pos.	Class Pos.
1953	Scuderia Lancia	Gino Bronzoni	Lancia D24 Pinin Farina	S+1.6	1st	1st

Indianapolis 500 results

Year	Chassis	Engine	Start	Finish	Team
1958	Kurtis Kraft	Novi	DNQ		Novi Auto Air Conditioner

See also

•  Formula One portal
•  Argentina portal
•  Italy portal
•  Biography portal

• Museo Juan Manuel Fangio

Notes and references

1. Up until 1990, not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (see list of points scoring systems for more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.
2. Joseph Siano (18 July 1995). "Juan Manuel Fangio, 84, Racer Who Captured 5 World". The New York Times. p. B6. from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
3. "Juan Manuel FANGIO". statsf1.com. from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
4. "Statistics Drivers - Wins - By number". statsf1.com. from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
5. "Statistics Drivers - Wins - By national GP". statsf1.com. from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
6. "Grands Prix Argentina". statsf1.com. from the original on 2 October 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
7. Donaldson 2003, p. 7-8.
8. "F1 Fanatics: Juan Manuel Fangio". F1fanatics.wordpress.com. 31 January 2011. from the original on 19 July 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
9. "Biography -First Part 1911-1936". Museo Fangio. from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
10. Tremayne, David (18 July 1995). . The Independent. Archived from the original on 26 April 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
11. Donaldson 2003, p. 14-15.
12. "Part Two (1937–1942)". Argentina: Foundation Fangio. from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
13. https://youtube.com/VJegVEmuVkE
14. "Part Three (1943–1949)". Argentina: Foundation Fangio. from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
15. "Motorsport Memorial -". motorsportmemorial.org. from the original on 3 November 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
16. Rendall, Ivan (1995) [1993]. The Chequered Flag: 100 years of motor racing. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 166. ISBN 0-297-83550-5.
17. David, Dennis (28 April 2014). "Juan-Manuel Fangio – Biography". grandprixhistory.org. from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
18. "Juan Manuel Fangio". ESPN UK. from the original on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
19. "Juan-Manuel Fangio Profile - Drivers - GP Encyclopedia - F1 History on Grandprix.com". grandprix.com. from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
20. Jones, Hill 1995, p. 16. sfn error: no target: CITEREFJones,_Hill1995 (help)
21. "Lancia Wins Big Road Race". Townsville Daily Bulletin. from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
22. Donaldson 2003.
23. . greatcarstv.com. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
24. Edsall, Larry (July 2018). "Maserati celebrates 60th anniversary of Eldorado racer". The Classic Cars Journal. from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
25. "Cuba Rebels Kidnap Champ Race Driver". The Milwaukee Sentinel. 24 February 1958. p. 1.^{[permanent dead link]}
26. "Cuban Rebels Kidnap Argentine Auto Racer". The Newburgh News. 24 February 1958. p. 1. from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
27. "Kidnapped in Cuba". ESPN UK. from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
28. "Rebels let Fangio see crash on TV". The Bulletin. 26 February 1958. p. 2. from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
29. "Fangio Released by Rebels 'Treated Very Well'". The Glasgow Herald. 26 February 1958. p. 7. from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
30. "Rebels Free Fangio; Foul Play is Cry in Tragic Cuban Auto Race". The Portsmouth Times. 25 February 1958. p. 1. from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
31. "Fangio Kidnapping Convinces Many Batista Powerless". The Free Lance-Star. 26 February 1958. p. 2. from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
32. (in Spanish). Cine Nacional. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
33. Davidson, Shaffer 2006, p. 144. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDavidson,_Shaffer2006 (help)
34. edisjasarevic (13 October 2006). "Fangio vs Brabham, 1978". Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2017 – via YouTube.
35. . easybuenosairescity.com. Archived from the original on 20 June 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
36. "Monza moments". Motor Sport. from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
37. "Op bezoek bij Juan Manuel Fangio: de mythe". Autovisie. 1991 nr 1: 44–51. 5 January 1991.
38. (in Spanish). Lanacion.com.ar. Archived from the original on 10 August 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
39. "Biography of Juan Manuel Fangio (1985–1995 Part Six)" (in Spanish). Museo Fangio. from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
40. Donaldson, Gerald (2003). Fangio: The Life Behind the Legend. London: Virgin Books. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-7535-1827-4.
41. "Fangio gives Sandown crowd a treat". The Age. 13 September 1978. p. 54.
42. "La verdadera historia de los hijos de Fangio y por qué no eran reconocidos como herederos". 17 November 2021. from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
43. «Un hijo no reconocido de Fangio vive en Cañuelas 2 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine» InfoCañuelas, 17 de noviembre de 2009. Consultado el 19 de febrero de 2011.
44. Exhumarán el cadáver de Juan Manuel Fangio 12 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine – La Prensa (in Spanish)
45. Confirman que "Cacho" Espinosa es hijo de Fangio – Clarín 30 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish).
46. Confirmaron que Rubén Vázquez es hijo de Fangio – Cuatro Cuatro Dos 15 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish).
47. "La Justicia confirmó que Juan Rodríguez es hijo de Juan Manuel Fangio". MinutoBalcarce.com.ar (in Spanish). 8 May 2021. from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
48. "DRIVERS: JUAN-MANUEL FANGIO". grandprix.com. from the original on 5 November 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2009.
49. "Schumi: Fangio was greater than me". London: BBC. 12 October 2003. from the original on 26 June 2006. Retrieved 29 September 2006.
50. . usgpindy.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2003. Retrieved 29 September 2006.
51. Association, Press (18 October 2018). "Lewis Hamilton hails Formula One 'Godfather' Juan Manuel Fangio". The Guardian. from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
52. "Man v machine". The Economist. 17 October 2020. from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
53. Dalleres, Frank (15 November 2020). "Lewis Hamilton: Who is the greatest Formula 1 driver ever?". CityAM. from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
54. F1-analysis (31 May 2022). "A History of F1: Who Is The GOAT?". F1-analysis.com. from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
55. "Juan Manuel Fangio". f1-grandprix.com. from the original on 4 September 2006. Retrieved 22 September 2006.
56. . discoverychannelasia.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2006. Retrieved 22 September 2006.
57. "Formula 1's greatest drivers. Number 2: Juan Manuel Fangio". BBC Sport. from the original on 12 August 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
58. . Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
59. "Maserati commemorates Fangio anniversary". F1Fanatic.co.uk. from the original on 5 June 2008. Retrieved 9 August 2007.
60. "Mercedes sells at auction for record $30 million". Money. 12 July 2013. from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
61. [1]^{[dead link]}
62. [2]^{[dead link]}
63. "Carreras Año 1949 – Museo Fangio". museofangio.com. from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
64. "1949 Grand Prix du Rousillon". silhouet.com. from the original on 8 May 2003. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
65. "Formula 2 1949 – Monza". formula2.net. from the original on 26 February 2005. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
66. . teamdan.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
67. Allen Brown. "Circuit d'Albi, 10 Jul 1949 « Non-Championship F1 « OldRacingCars.com". oldracingcars.com. from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
68. "Un tributo al chueco... Pau, 1950". jmfangio.org. from the original on 17 March 2002. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
69. Allen Brown. "Autodromo di Ospedaletti, 16 Apr 1950 « Non-Championship F1 « OldRacingCars.com". oldracingcars.com. from the original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
70. "Results 1950 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Monaco". F1 Fansite. 21 May 1950. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
71. "Formula 2 1950 – Angouleme". formula2.net. from the original on 27 February 2005. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
72. "Results 1950 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Belgium". F1 Fansite. 18 June 1950. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
73. "Results 1950 Formula 1 Grand Prix of France". F1 Fansite. 2 July 1950. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
74. "1950 Nations GP". chicanef1.com. from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
75. "1950 Non-World Championship Formula One Races". silhouet.com. from the original on 20 April 2000. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
76. . teamdan.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
77. [3]^{[dead link]}
78. "Results 1950 Formula 1 Season". F1 Fansite. 16 January 1950. from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
79. Allen Brown. "Bari, 9 Jul 1950 « Non-Championship F1 « OldRacingCars.com". oldracingcars.com. from the original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
80. "Formula 2 1950 – GP de Marseilles". formula2.net. from the original on 27 February 2005. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
81. "Mille Miglia". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 20 August 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
82. "Results 1951 Formula 1 Season". F1 Fansite. 16 January 1951. from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
83. "Results 1951 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Switzerland". F1 Fansite. 27 May 1951. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
84. "Results 1951 Formula 1 Grand Prix of France". F1 Fansite. July 1951. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
85. "V Gran Premio di Bari". statsf1.com. from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
86. "Results 1951 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Spain". F1 Fansite. 28 October 1951. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
87. "Results 1951 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Great Britain". F1 Fansite. 14 July 1951. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
88. "Results 1951 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Germany". F1 Fansite. 29 July 1951. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
89. . teamdan.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
90. . teamdan.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
91. "Carreras Año 1953 – Museo Fangio". museofangio.com. from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
92. "Results 1953 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Italy". F1 Fansite. 13 September 1953. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
93. "Formula 2 1953 – Modena GP". formula2.net. from the original on 27 April 2005. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
94. "Supercortemaggiore". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 12 July 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
95. "Carrera Panamericana". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
96. "Results 1953 Formula 1 Season". F1 Fansite. 16 January 1953. from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
97. "Mille Miglia". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 20 August 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
98. "Formula 2 1953 – Napoli GP". formula2.net. from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
99. "Results 1953 Formula 1 Grand Prix of France". F1 Fansite. 5 July 1953. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
100. "1953 BRDC International Trophy". chicanef1.com. from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
101. "Results 1953 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Great Britain". F1 Fansite. 18 July 1953. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
102. "Results 1953 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Germany". F1 Fansite. 2 August 1953. from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
103. . teamdan.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
104. "Formula 2 1953 – Bordeaux GP". formula2.net. from the original on 27 April 2005. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
105. "Targa Florio". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
106. "Results 1954 Formula 1 Season". F1 Fansite. 16 January 1954. from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
107. "Results 1954 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Argentina". F1 Fansite. 17 January 1954. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
108. "Results 1954 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Belgium". F1 Fansite. 20 June 1954. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
109. "Results 1954 Formula 1 Grand Prix of France". F1 Fansite. 4 July 1954. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
110. "Results 1954 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Germany". F1 Fansite. August 1954. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
111. "Results 1954 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Switzerland". F1 Fansite. 22 August 1954. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
112. "Results 1954 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Italy". F1 Fansite. 5 September 1954. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
113. "Tourist Trophy". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
114. "Formula 1 1954 – GP von Berlin / Avusrennen, 19.09". formula2.net. from the original on 29 June 2006. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
115. "Results 1954 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Spain". F1 Fansite. 24 October 1954. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
116. "Results 1955 Formula 1 Season". F1 Fansite. 16 January 1955. from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
117. "Results 1955 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Argentina". F1 Fansite. 16 January 1955. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
118. "Un tributo al chueco... Buenos Aires 1955". jmfangio.org. from the original on 28 February 2002. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
119. "Eifelrennen Nürburgring". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
120. "Results 1955 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Belgium". F1 Fansite. 5 June 1955. from the original on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
121. "Results 1955 Formula 1 Grand Prix of the Netherlands". F1-Fansite.com. 19 June 1955. from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
122. "GP Sverige". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
123. "Results 1955 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Italy". F1 Fansite. 11 September 1955. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
124. "GP Venezuela". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
125. "Mille Miglia". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 20 August 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
126. "Results 1955 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Great Britain". F1-Fansite.com. 16 July 1955. from the original on 17 September 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
127. "Tourist Trophy". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
128. "Targa Florio". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
129. "Results 1956 Formula 1 Season". F1 Fansite. 16 January 1956. from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
130. "Results 1956 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Argentina". F1 Fansite. 22 January 1956. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
131. [4]^{[dead link]}
132. "Sebring 12 Hours". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 15 August 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
133. "Results 1956 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Great Britain". F1 Fansite. 14 July 1956. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
134. "Results 1956 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Germany". F1 Fansite. 5 August 1956. from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
135. "Results 1956 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Monaco". F1 Fansite. 13 May 1956. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
136. "Nürburgring 1000 Kilometres". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 16 August 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
137. "Results 1956 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Italy". F1 Fansite. 2 September 1956. from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
138. "GP Venezuela". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
139. "Supercortemaggiore". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
140. "Results 1957 Formula 1 Season". F1 Fansite. 16 January 1957. from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
141. "Results 1957 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Argentina". F1 Fansite. 13 January 1957. from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
142. "Un tributo al chueco... Buenos Aires 1957". jmfangio.org. from the original on 30 May 2002. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
143. "Gran Premio de Cuba". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
144. "Sebring 12 Hours". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 15 August 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
145. "Results 1957 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Monaco". F1 Fansite. 19 May 1957. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
146. "Monsanto". racingsportscars.com. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
147. "Results 1957 Formula 1 Grand Prix of France". F1 Fansite. 7 July 1957. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
148. "Results 1957 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Germany". F1 Fansite. 4 August 1957. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
149. "Carreras Año 1957 – Museo Fangio". museofangio.com. from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
150. "Results 1957 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Pescara". F1 Fansite. 18 August 1957. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
151. "Results 1957 Formula 1 Grand Prix of Italy". F1 Fansite. 8 September 1957. from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
152. "Un tributo al chueco... Buenos Aires 1958". jmfangio.org. from the original on 26 March 2002. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
153. "Juan Manuel Fangio – Biography". Motor Sport. 12 June 2017. from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2019.

Further reading

• Gerald Donaldson. Fangio: The Life Behind the Legend. Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0753518274
• Karl Ludvigsen. Juan Manuel Fangio: Motor Racing's Grand Master. Haynes Manuals Inc. ISBN 978-1859606254
• Pierre Menard & Jacques Vassal. Juan-Manuel Fangio: The Race in the Blood. Chronosports. ISBN 978-2847070453

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Juan Manuel Fangio.

• Juan Manuel Fangio Website
• Statistical analysis of drivers, 1950–2013
• Juan Manuel Fangio Museum (in Spanish)
• (in Spanish)
• Juan Manuel Fangio at IMDb