16th Academy Awards

The 16th Academy Awards were held on March 2, 1944, to honor the films of 1943. This was the first Oscar ceremony held at a large public venue, Grauman's Chinese Theatre. The ceremony was broadcast locally on KFWB, and internationally by CBS Radio via shortwave. Jack Benny hosted the event, which lasted less than 30 minutes.^[1]

16th Academy Awards
Date	March 2, 1944
Site	Grauman's Chinese Theatre Hollywood, Los Angeles, California
Hosted by	Jack Benny
Highlights
Best Picture	Casablanca
Most awards	The Song of Bernadette (4)
Most nominations	The Song of Bernadette (12)
← 15th Academy Awards 17th →

For the first time, winners for Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress were awarded full-size statuettes, instead of smaller-sized awards mounted on a plaque.^[2] This was the last year until 2009 to have 10 nominations for Best Picture; The Ox-Bow Incident is, as of 2021^[update], the last film to be nominated solely in that category.

For Whom the Bell Tolls was the third film to receive nominations in all four acting categories. This was the first year in which each acting category had at least one nominee from a color film.

The Tom and Jerry cartoon series won its first Oscar this year for The Yankee Doodle Mouse; it would go on to win another six Oscars, including three in a row over the next three years, from a total of 13 nominations.

Awards

 

Michael Curtiz, Best Director winner

 

Paul Lukas, Best Actor winner

 

Jennifer Jones, Best Actress winner

 

Charles Coburn, Best Supporting Actor winner

 

Julius J. Epstein, Best Screenplay co-winner

 

William Saroyan, Best Original Motion Picture Story winner

 

Hal Mohr, Best Cinematography, Color co-winner

 

George Pal, Honorary Academy Award recipient

Nominees were announced on February 6, 1944. Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.^[3]

Outstanding Motion Picture Casablanca – Hal B. Wallis for Warner Bros.  For Whom the Bell Tolls – Sam Wood for Paramount Heaven Can Wait – Ernst Lubitsch for 20th Century Fox The Human Comedy – Clarence Brown for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer In Which We Serve – Noël Coward for Two Cities Films Madame Curie – Sidney Franklin for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer The More the Merrier – George Stevens for Columbia The Ox-Bow Incident – Lamar Trotti for 20th Century Fox The Song of Bernadette – William Perlberg for 20th Century Fox Watch on the Rhine – Hal B. Wallis for Warner Bros.	Best Director Michael Curtiz – Casablanca  Ernst Lubitsch – Heaven Can Wait Clarence Brown – The Human Comedy George Stevens – The More the Merrier Henry King – The Song of Bernadette
Best Actor Paul Lukas – Watch on the Rhine as Kurt Muller  Humphrey Bogart – Casablanca as Rick Blaine Gary Cooper – For Whom the Bell Tolls as Robert Jordan Walter Pidgeon – Madame Curie as Pierre Curie Mickey Rooney – The Human Comedy as Homer Macauley	Best Actress Jennifer Jones – The Song of Bernadette as Bernadette Soubirous  Jean Arthur – The More the Merrier as Constance Milligan Ingrid Bergman – For Whom the Bell Tolls as María Joan Fontaine – The Constant Nymph as Tessa Sanger Greer Garson – Madame Curie as Marie Curie
Best Supporting Actor Charles Coburn – The More the Merrier as Benjamin Dingle  Charles Bickford – The Song of Bernadette as Abbé Dominique Peyramale J. Carrol Naish – Sahara as Giuseppe Claude Rains – Casablanca as Captain Louis Renault Akim Tamiroff – For Whom the Bell Tolls as Pablo	Best Supporting Actress Katina Paxinou – For Whom the Bell Tolls as Pilar  Gladys Cooper – The Song of Bernadette as Marie Therese Vauzou Paulette Goddard – So Proudly We Hail! as Lt. Joan O'Doul Anne Revere – The Song of Bernadette as Louise Casterot Soubirous Lucile Watson – Watch on the Rhine as Fanny Farrelly
Best Original Screenplay Princess O'Rourke – Norman Krasna  Air Force – Dudley Nichols In Which We Serve – Noël Coward The North Star – Lillian Hellman So Proudly We Hail! – Allan Scott	Best Screenplay Casablanca – Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein, and Howard E. Koch, based on Everybody Comes to Rick's by Murray Burnett and Joan Alison  Holy Matrimony – Nunnally Johnson, based on Buried Alive by Arnold Bennett The More the Merrier – Richard Flournoy, Lewis R. Foster, Frank Ross, and Robert Russell, based on a story by Frank Ross and Robert Russell The Song of Bernadette – George Seaton, based on the novel by Franz Werfel Watch on the Rhine – Dashiell Hammett, based on the play by Lillian Hellman
Best Original Motion Picture Story The Human Comedy – William Saroyan  Action in the North Atlantic – Guy Gilpatric Destination Tokyo – Steve Fisher The More the Merrier – Robert Russell and Frank Ross Shadow of a Doubt – Thornton Wilder	Best Documentary Feature Desert Victory – British Ministry of Information  Baptism of Fire – United States Army The Battle of Russia – United States Department of War, Special Service Division Report from the Aleutians – United States Army Pictorial Service War Department Report – United States Office of Strategic Services, Field Photographic Bureau
Best Documentary Short Subject December 7th – United States Navy  Children of Mars – RKO Radio Plan for Destruction – Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Swedes in America – United States Office of War Information, Overseas Motion Picture Bureau To the People of the United States – Walter Wanger Tomorrow We Fly – United States Navy Bureau of Aeronautics Youth in Crisis – The March of Time	Best Live Action Short Subject, One-Reel Amphibious Fighters – Grantland Rice  Cavalcade of Dance – Gordon Hollingshead Champions Carry On – Edmund Reek Hollywood in Uniform – Ralph Staub Seeing Hands – Pete Smith
Best Live Action Short Subject, Two-Reel Heavenly Music – Jerry Bresler and Sam Coslow  Letter to a Hero – Frederic Ullman Jr. Mardi Gras – Walter MacEwen Women at War – Gordon Hollingshead	Best Short Subjects – Cartoons The Yankee Doodle Mouse – Fred Quimby  The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins – George Pal The Dizzy Acrobat – Walter Lantz Greetings, Bait! – Leon Schlesinger Imagination – Dave Fleischer Reason and Emotion – Walt Disney
Best Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture The Song of Bernadette – Alfred Newman  The Amazing Mrs. Holliday – Hans J. Salter and Frank Skinner Casablanca – Max Steiner Commandos Strike at Dawn – Louis Gruenberg and Morris Stoloff The Fallen Sparrow – C. Bakaleinikoff and Roy Webb For Whom the Bell Tolls – Victor Young Hangmen Also Die! – Hanns Eisler Hi Diddle Diddle – Philip Boutelje In Old Oklahoma – Walter Scharf Johnny Come Lately – Leigh Harline The Kansan – Gerard Carbonara Lady of Burlesque – Arthur Lange Madame Curie – Herbert Stothart The Moon and Sixpence – Dimitri Tiomkin The North Star – Aaron Copland Victory Through Air Power – Edward H. Plumb, Paul J. Smith, and Oliver Wallace	Best Scoring of a Musical Picture This Is the Army – Ray Heindorf  Coney Island – Alfred Newman Hit Parade of 1943 – Walter Scharf Phantom of the Opera – Edward Ward Saludos Amigos – Edward H. Plumb, Paul J. Smith, and Charles Wolcott The Sky's the Limit – Leigh Harline Something to Shout About – Morris Stoloff Stage Door Canteen – Frederic E. Rich Star Spangled Rhythm – Robert Emmett Dolan Thousands Cheer – Herbert Stothart
Best Original Song "You'll Never Know" from Hello, Frisco, Hello – Music by Harry Warren; Lyrics by Mack Gordon  "A Change of Heart" from Hit Parade of 1943 – Music by Jule Styne; Lyrics by Harold Adamson "Happiness is a Thing Called Joe" from Cabin in the Sky – Music by Harold Arlen; Lyrics by E. Y. Harburg "My Shining Hour" from The Sky's the Limit – Music by Harold Arlen; Lyrics by Johnny Mercer "Saludos Amigos" from Saludos Amigos – Music by Charles Wolcott; Lyrics by Ned Washington "Say a Pray'r for the Boys Over There" from Hers to Hold – Music by Jimmy McHugh; Lyrics by Herb Magidson "That Old Black Magic" from Star Spangled Rhythm – Music by Harold Arlen; Lyrics by Johnny Mercer "They're Either Too Young or Too Old" from Thank Your Lucky Stars – Music by Arthur Schwartz; Lyrics by Frank Loesser "We Mustn't Say Goodbye" from Stage Door Canteen – Music by James V. Monaco; Lyrics by Al Dubin "You'd Be So Nice to Come Home To" from Something to Shout About – Music and Lyrics by Cole Porter	Best Sound Recording This Land Is Mine – Stephen Dunn  Hangmen Also Die! – Jack Whitney In Old Oklahoma – Daniel J. Bloomberg Madame Curie – Douglas Shearer The North Star – Thomas T. Moulton Phantom of the Opera – Bernard B. Brown Riding High – Loren L. Ryder Sahara – John P. Livadary Saludos Amigos – C. O. Slyfield So This Is Washington – J. L. Fields The Song of Bernadette – E. H. Hansen This Is the Army – Nathan Levinson
Best Art Direction – Interior Decoration, Black-and-White The Song of Bernadette – Art Direction: James Basevi and William S. Darling; Interior Decoration: Thomas Little  Five Graves to Cairo – Art Direction: Hans Dreier and Ernst Fegté; Interior Decoration: Bertram Granger Flight for Freedom – Art Direction: Albert S. D'Agostino and Carroll Clark; Interior Decoration: Darrell Silvera and Harley Miller Madame Curie – Art Direction: Cedric Gibbons and Paul Groesse; Interior Decoration: Edwin B. Willis and Hugh Hunt Mission to Moscow – Art Direction: Carl Jules Weyl; Interior Decoration: George James Hopkins The North Star – Art Direction: Perry Ferguson; Interior Decoration: Howard Bristol	Best Art Direction – Interior Decoration, Color Phantom of the Opera – Art Direction: Alexander Golitzen and John B. Goodman; Interior Decoration: Russell A. Gausman and Ira S. Webb  For Whom the Bell Tolls – Art Direction: Hans Dreier and Haldane Douglas; Interior Decoration: Bertram Granger The Gang's All Here – Art Direction: James Basevi and Joseph C. Wright; Interior Decoration: Thomas Little This Is the Army – Art Direction: John Hughes and Lt. John Koenig; Interior Decoration: George James Hopkins Thousands Cheer – Art Direction: Cedric Gibbons and Daniel B. Cathcart; Interior Decoration: Edwin B. Willis and Jacques Mersereau
Best Cinematography, Black-and-White The Song of Bernadette – Arthur C. Miller  Air Force – James Wong Howe, Elmer Dyer and Charles A. Marshall Casablanca – Arthur Edeson Corvette K-225 – Tony Gaudio Five Graves to Cairo – John F. Seitz The Human Comedy – Harry Stradling Madame Curie – Joseph Ruttenberg The North Star – James Wong Howe Sahara – Rudolph Maté So Proudly We Hail! – Charles Lang	Best Cinematography, Color Phantom of the Opera – Hal Mohr and W. Howard Greene  For Whom the Bell Tolls – Ray Rennahan Heaven Can Wait – Edward Cronjager Hello, Frisco, Hello – Charles G. Clarke and Allen Davey Lassie Come Home – Leonard Smith Thousands Cheer – George J. Folsey
Best Film Editing Air Force – George Amy  Casablanca – Owen Marks Five Graves to Cairo – Doane Harrison For Whom the Bell Tolls – Sherman Todd and John F. Link Sr. The Song of Bernadette – Barbara McLean	Best Special Effects Crash Dive – Photographic Effects: Fred Sersen; Sound Effects: Roger Heman  Air Force – Photographic Effects: Hans F. Koenekamp and Rex Wimpy; Sound Effects: Nathan Levinson Bombardier – Photographic Effects: Vernon L. Walker; Sound Effects James G. Stewart and Roy Granville The North Star – Photographic Effects: Clarence Slifer and Ray Binger; Sound Effects: Thomas T. Moulton So Proudly We Hail! – Photographic Effects: Farciot Edouart and Gordon Jennings; Sound Effects: George Dutton Stand By for Action – Photographic Effects: A. Arnold Gillespie and Donald Jahraus; Sound Effects: Michael Steinore

Academy Honorary Award

• George Pal "for the development of novel methods and techniques in the production of short subjects known as Puppetoons".

Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award

• Hal B. Wallis

Presenters

• Donald Crisp (Presenter: Best Supporting Actor)
• Howard Estabrook (Presenter: Documentary Awards)
• Sidney Franklin (Presenter: Outstanding Motion Picture)
• Y. Frank Freeman (Presenter: Best Film Editing, Best Sound Recording, Best Special Effects and the Scientific & Technical Awards)
• Greer Garson (Presenter: Best Actress)
• James Hilton (Presenter: Writing Awards)
• Carole Landis (Presenter: Best Art Direction)
• George Murphy (Presenter: Best Actor)
• Rosalind Russell (Presenter: Best Cinematography)
• Mark Sandrich (Presenter: Best Director)
• Dinah Shore (Presenter: Music Awards)
• Walter Wanger (Presenter: Short Subject Awards and the Honorary Award)
• Teresa Wright (Presenter: Best Supporting Actress)
• Darryl F. Zanuck (Presenter: Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award)

Performers

• Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy
• Ray Bolger
• Susanna Foster
• Mitzi Gerber
• Lena Horne
• Betty Hutton
• Kay Kyser & His Band
• Red Skelton

Multiple nominations and awards

The following 26 films received multiple nominations: 12 nominations: The Song of Bernadette 9 nominations: For Whom the Bell Tolls 8 nominations: Casablanca 7 nominations: Madame Curie 6 nominations: The More the Merrier and The North Star 5 nominations: The Human Comedy 4 nominations: Air Force, Phantom of the Opera, So Proudly We Hail!, and Watch on the Rhine 3 nominations: Five Graves to Cairo, Heaven Can Wait, Sahara, Saludos Amigos, This Is the Army, and Thousands Cheer 2 nominations: Hangmen Also Die!, Hello, Frisco, Hello, Hit Parade of 1943, In Old Oklahoma, In Which We Serve, The Sky's the Limit, Something to Shout About, Stage Door Canteen, and Star Spangled Rhythm

The following three films received multiple awards: 4 wins: The Song of Bernadette 3 wins: Casablanca 2 wins: Phantom of the Opera

See also

• 1st Golden Globe Awards
• 1943 in film

References

1. Dunning, John (1998). On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio (Revised ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-0-19-507678-3. Retrieved September 19, 2019. The Academy Awards Show.
2. "Strange tales of the vanished Oscars".
3. "The 16th Academy Awards (1944) Nominees and Winners". Oscars.org (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences). from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2013.