1309

Year 1309 (MCCCIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	13th century 14th century 15th century
Decades:	1280s 1290s 1300s 1310s 1320s
Years:	1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312

1309 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1309 MCCCIX
Ab urbe condita	2062
Armenian calendar	758 ԹՎ ՉԾԸ
Assyrian calendar	6059
Balinese saka calendar	1230–1231
Bengali calendar	716
Berber calendar	2259
English Regnal year	2 Edw. 2 – 3 Edw. 2
Buddhist calendar	1853
Burmese calendar	671
Byzantine calendar	6817–6818
Chinese calendar	戊申年 (Earth Monkey) 4005 or 3945     — to — 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 4006 or 3946
Coptic calendar	1025–1026
Discordian calendar	2475
Ethiopian calendar	1301–1302
Hebrew calendar	5069–5070
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1365–1366
- Shaka Samvat	1230–1231
- Kali Yuga	4409–4410
Holocene calendar	11309
Igbo calendar	309–310
Iranian calendar	687–688
Islamic calendar	708–709
Japanese calendar	Enkyō 2 (延慶２年)
Javanese calendar	1220–1221
Julian calendar	1309 MCCCIX
Korean calendar	3642
Minguo calendar	603 before ROC 民前603年
Nanakshahi calendar	−159
Thai solar calendar	1851–1852
Tibetan calendar	阳土猴年 (male Earth-Monkey) 1435 or 1054 or 282     — to — 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) 1436 or 1055 or 283

King James II (the Just) (1267–1327)

Events

By place

Europe

• March 14 – Sultan Muhammad III is deposed during a palace coup after a 7-year reign, and is replaced by his half-brother Abu al-Juyush Nasr, as ruler of the Emirate of Granada. Muhammad III is spared and allowed to live in Almuñécar, but his vizier, Abu Abdallah ibn al-Hakim, is killed.
• April
  • After his ascent to the throne, Nasr sends envoys to the Marinid court at Fez, Morocco .^[1]
  • Kings James II (the Just) and his ally Ferdinand IV (the Summoned) ask Pope Clement V, without mentioning their collaboration with the Marinids, to grant a crusading bull and financial support from the church. In response, Aragon and Castile plan to blockade the Strait of Gibraltar with their fleets (some 40 galleys), and to expel the Saracen forces from Spain.^[2]
• May 12 – Sultan Abu al-Rabi Sulayman launches an attack on Ceuta. He concludes an alliance with James II (the Just), and concedes commercial benefits to Castilian merchants. Abu al-Rabi also sends 1,000 measures of wheat to Aragon. A few months later, Marinid forces, without Castilian support, occupy Ceuta on July 20. Expelling Saracen forces from Morocco.^[3]
• July – Siege of Algeciras: Castilian forces led by Ferdinand IV (the Summoned) begin the siege of Algeciras. King Denis I (the Poet King) sends a contingent of 700 knights to support the siege. He provides Ferdinand, in accordance with his friendship, a loan of 16,600 silver marks.
• August 11 – Siege of Almería: Aragonese forces (some 12,000 men) under James II (the Just) land on the coast of Almería and begin blockading the city with his fleet. His forces include siege engines such as mangonels and trebuchets. James orders multiple unsuccessful assaults on the city and is forced (due to a shortage of supplies) to make a truce in December.^[4][5]
• August 15 – Conquest of Rhodes: The Byzantine garrison of the city of Rhodes surrenders to the Crusader forces of the Knights Hospitaller under Grand Master Foulques de Villaret – completing their conquest of Rhodes. The knights establish their headquarters on the island and rename themselves as the Knights of Rhodes.^[6]
• September 12 – Siege of Gibraltar: Castilian forces under Juan Núñez II de Lara and Alonso Pérez de Guzmán besiege and conquer the Saracen fortress at Gibraltar – which is held for nearly 600 years (see 711). During the siege, the port is blockaded. Ferdinand IV (the Summoned) orders to repair the damaged city walls.^[7]
• October – About 500 knights led by John of Castile desert the Castilian encampment.^[8]

England

• October – King Edward II summons a council to meet at York, but several nobles refuse to attend due to Piers Gaveston's attendance. Since he returned from exile, Gaveston tries to alienate the nobles from the king.
• Alnwick Castle in Northumberland is bought by the House of Percy, later Earls of Northumberland.

By topic

Cities and Towns

• The village of Lukáčovce in Slovakia first appears in the historical records.

Religion

• March 9 – Pope Clement V chooses the city of Avignon, part of the Kingdom of Arles, as his residence (known as the Avignon Papacy). The papal seat becomes part of the Holy Roman Empire – rather than in Rome. This absence from Rome is referred to as the "Babylonian captivity of the Papacy".^[9]

Births

• March 25 – Robert de Ferrers, English nobleman and knight (d. 1350)
• June 9 – Rupert I, German nobleman and count palatine (d. 1390)
• December 6 – Humphrey de Bohun, English nobleman (d. 1361)^{[citation needed]}
• probable – Aldona of Lithuania (or Anna), queen consort of Poland (d. 1339)
• Conrad of Megenberg, German scholar and scientist (d. 1374)^[10]

Deaths

• January 4 – Angela of Foligno, Italian nun, mystic and writer (b. 1248)^[11]
• February 9 – Nanpo Shōmyō, Japanese monk and priest (b. 1235)
• March 7 – Lovato Lovati, Italian scholar, judge and writer (b. 1241)^{[citation needed]}
• March 14 – Abu Abdallah ibn al-Hakim, Andalusian vizier (b. 1261)
• April 10 (probable) – Elisabeth von Rapperswil, Swiss noblewoman (b. 1251)
• May 5 – Charles II (the Lame), son of Charles I of Anjou (b. 1254)
• May 19 – Agostino Novello, Italian priest and prior general (b. 1240)^[12]
• July 13 – John I, Dutch nobleman and bishop (House of Nassau)
• July 16 – James Stewart, Scottish nobleman and knight (b. 1260)
• August 10 – Giovanni Boccamazza, Italian cardinal and archbishop
• September 19 – Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, Spanish nobleman (b. 1256)
• October 6 – Frederick VII, German nobleman (House of Hohenzollern)
• October 18 – Tettsū Gikai, Japanese monk and Zen Master (b. 1219)

References

1. Harvey, L. P. (1992). Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500, p. 170. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-31962-9.
2. Joseph F. Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 123. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
3. Joseph F. Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 127. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
4. Harvey, L. P. (1992). Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500, p. 175. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-31962-9.
5. Joseph F. Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, pp. 131–132. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
6. Failler, Albert (1992). "L'occupation de Rhodes par les Hospitaliers", pp. 128–132. Revue des études byzantines (in French).
7. Jackson, William G. F. (1986). The Rock of the Gibraltarians, p. 41. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Press. ISBN 0-8386-3237-8.
8. Joseph F. Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, pp. 128–130. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
9. Adrian Hastings, Alistair Mason and Hugh S. Pyper (2000). The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought, p. 227. Oxford University Press.
10. "Book of Nature". World Digital Library. August 7, 2013. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
11. Calufetti, Abele (1992). Angela da Foligno mistica dell'Ognibene (in Italian). Paoline. p. 10. ISBN 978-88-315-0656-4.
12. . Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2014.