Pater Patriae (plural Patres Patriae), also seen as Parens Patriae, is a Latinhonorific meaning "Father of the Country", or more literally, "Father of the Fatherland".
The honor of being called pater patriae was conferred by the Roman Senate.
It was first awarded to Roman general Marcus Furius Camillus in 386 BC, who for his role in the aftermath of the Gallic siege of Rome was considered a second founder of the city, in succession to Romulus.
The Senate eventually conferred the title on many Roman emperors, often only after many years of rule, or if the new emperor was particularly esteemed by the senators, as in the case of Nerva. As a result, many of the short-lived Emperors never received the title.
The honor was subject to the approval of the honored, who could decline it. Tiberius did so and Nero did so when first offered the honor during the first year of his reign, on account of his youth, though he later accepted when the honor was conferred on him for a second time. It was traditional for the honored, in a proper sign of humility, to defer the honor for some time once conferred. Hadrian deferred for eleven years, for example.[2]
Chronological list of Patres Patriae
Romulus, 753 BC (as the legendary founder of Rome)
^Julian's coin issued in 361 CE reads: FL CL IVLIA NVS P P AVG (Flavius Claudius Julianus Pater Patriae Augustus)
References
^"Suetonius • Life of Tiberius". penelope.uchicago.edu.
^Anthony Birley. Marcus Aurelius: A Biography. Yale University Press: New Haven, CT, 1987, p. 57.
February 27, 2023
pater, patriae, confused, with, father, nation, list, national, founders, plural, patres, patriae, also, seen, parens, patriae, latin, honorific, meaning, father, country, more, literally, father, fatherland, inscription, trajan, column, listed, trajan, also, . Not to be confused with Father of the Nation or List of national founders Pater Patriae plural Patres Patriae also seen as Parens Patriae is a Latin honorific meaning Father of the Country or more literally Father of the Fatherland The inscription on the Trajan s Column listed Trajan as Pater Patriae It is also used for President of the United States George Washington the Swedish King Gustav I Prince Willem of Orange and the four authors of Italian unification Camillo Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi Giuseppe Mazzini and King Victor Emmanuel II Contents 1 Roman history 2 Chronological list of Patres Patriae 3 See also 4 Notes 5 ReferencesRoman history EditThe honor of being called pater patriae was conferred by the Roman Senate It was first awarded to Roman general Marcus Furius Camillus in 386 BC who for his role in the aftermath of the Gallic siege of Rome was considered a second founder of the city in succession to Romulus Three centuries later it was awarded to the orator and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero for his part in the suppression of the Catilinarian conspiracy during his consulate in 63 BC It was next awarded to Julius Caesar who as dictator became the de facto ruler of the Roman Republic and its imperium for having ended the civil wars The Senate voted the title to Augustus in 2 BC but being neither important for the ruler s legitimacy nor for his legal powers it did not become a regular part of the imperial honors contrary to Imperator Caesar Augustus princeps senatus pontifex maximus and tribunicia potestas According to the historian Suetonius Augustus successor Tiberius was offered this title but refused it 1 The Senate eventually conferred the title on many Roman emperors often only after many years of rule or if the new emperor was particularly esteemed by the senators as in the case of Nerva As a result many of the short lived Emperors never received the title The honor was subject to the approval of the honored who could decline it Tiberius did so and Nero did so when first offered the honor during the first year of his reign on account of his youth though he later accepted when the honor was conferred on him for a second time It was traditional for the honored in a proper sign of humility to defer the honor for some time once conferred Hadrian deferred for eleven years for example 2 Chronological list of Patres Patriae EditRomulus 753 BC as the legendary founder of Rome Marcus Furius Camillus 386 BC for his role in the aftermath of the Gallic siege of Rome Marcus Tullius Cicero 63 BC for his role in the suppression of the Catilinarian conspiracy Gaius Julius Caesar 45 BC for having restored the Pax Romana in the 40s BC after the civil wars Augustus February 5 2 BC Caligula 37 Claudius January 42 Nero 55 Vespasian 70 Titus June 79 Domitian September 14 81 Nerva September 96 Trajan 98 Hadrian 128 Antoninus Pius 139 Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus 166 Commodus 177 Septimius Severus 193 Caracalla 199 Macrinus June 217 Elagabalus July 218 Gordian III May 238 Probus July 276 Diocletian November 20 284 Maximian April 1 286 Constantine I 307 Julian 361 i See also EditFounding Fathers Victory title Father of the Nation AtaturkNotes Edit Julian s coin issued in 361 CE reads FL CL IVLIA NVS P P AVG Flavius Claudius Julianus Pater Patriae Augustus References Edit Suetonius Life of Tiberius penelope uchicago edu Anthony Birley Marcus Aurelius A Biography Yale University Press New Haven CT 1987 p 57 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pater Patriae amp oldid 1139348671, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
