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New York Marriott East Side

February 24, 2023

The New York Marriott East Side (formerly the Shelton Hotel, Shelton Towers Hotel, and Halloran House) was a hotel at 525 Lexington Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The 34-story, 387 ft (118 m) hotel was designed by Arthur Loomis Harmon in a classical style and was developed by James T. Lee, grandfather of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. It was constructed between 1922 and 1923 as the Shelton Hotel, an apartment hotel. The Marriott East Side, one of several large hotels developed around Grand Central Terminal as part of Terminal City, is a New York City designated landmark.

New York Marriott East Side
Hotel as seen in 2021
Former namesShelton Hotel
Shelton Towers Hotel
Halloran House
Hotel chainMarriott Hotels & Resorts
General information
Architectural styleRomanesque Revival, other
Address525 Lexington Avenue
Town or cityManhattan, New York
Coordinates40°45′20″N 73°58′22″W / 40.75556°N 73.97278°W / 40.75556; -73.97278Coordinates: 40°45′20″N 73°58′22″W / 40.75556°N 73.97278°W / 40.75556; -73.97278
Construction started1922
Completed1923
OpenedJanuary 1924
ClosedMarch 2020
Height387 ft (118 m)
Technical details
Floor count35
Design and construction
Architect(s)Arthur Loomis Harmon
DeveloperJames T. Lee
Awards and prizesGold Medal of Honor, Architectural League of New York (1925)
Gold Medal, New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (1925)
Other information
Number of rooms655
DesignatedNovember 22, 2016
Reference no.2557

The hotel building contains setbacks to comply with the 1916 Zoning Resolution; at the time of its construction, the Shelton was quoted as the world's tallest hotel. The first two stories of the facade are clad with limestone, while the upper stories are faced with grayish-brown brick, interspersed with terracotta and limestone trim. When it opened, the hotel featured numerous amenities similar to those in a clubhouse, such as a gymnasium, a bowling alley, a Turkish bath, a swimming pool, a barber, squash courts, and billiard tables. The upper stories originally contained 1,200 rooms, which was decreased to about 650 rooms in the late 1970s, as well as outdoor terraces on the 15th and 31st floors. The Shelton Hotel was widely praised by architectural critics upon its completion. Its design has been cited as an influence for that of other structures, such as the Empire State Building.

Lee acquired the site in 1922 from the International Sporting Club, which had unsuccessfully attempted to build a clubhouse there. The hotel was completed in January 1924 as a men-only hostelry and opened to women later that year; it attracted tenants such as Alfred Stieglitz and Georgia O'Keeffe. The New York Life Insurance Company acquired the hotel in 1935, and the Knott Management Corporation took over the hotel's operation, buying it in 1946. The hotel was sold multiple times in the 1950s. Sol Goldman and Alex DiLorenzo Jr. bought the hotel in the 1960s and leased it to Stanley Stahl, who closed the hotel in May 1971. Tishman Realty & Construction planned to build a skyscraper on the site in the 1970s but canceled its plans after several holdout tenants refused to relocate. The contractor Edward Halloran acquired the hotel in 1976 and renovated it into the Halloran House, a Howard Johnson's hotel. Marriott Hotels & Resorts took over the hotel in 1990 and operated it until 2020, when the hotel permanently closed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Site

The New York Marriott East Side, originally the Shelton Hotel, is at 525 Lexington Avenue, on the southeast corner with 49th Street, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City.[1] It sits on the western portion of a city block bounded by Lexington Avenue to the west, 49th Street to the north, Third Avenue to the east, and 48th Street to the south.[2] The hotel occupies an irregular land lot with an area of 22,422 sq ft (2,083.1 m2); the eastern portion of the lot extends southward to 48th Street.[3] The site has a frontage of 140.42 ft (42.80 m) on Lexington Avenue, 145 ft (44 m) on 49th Street, and 40 ft (12 m) wide on 48th Street.[4][5]

The New York Marriott East Side wraps around another building at the northeast corner of 48th Street and Lexington Avenue (which was completed around 2009), and it abuts a public plaza to the southeast.[6] When the Shelton was constructed, the corner lot contained a three-story brick building, which was destroyed in 1939.[7] The hotel is across from 277 Park Avenue to the southwest, the InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel and 299 Park Avenue to the west, the Waldorf Astoria New York to the northwest, and the Lexington Hotel NYC to the south.[2] The Shelton was part of "Hotel Row", a collection of hotels developed along Lexington Avenue in the early 20th century.[8] The surrounding section of Lexington Avenue from 42nd to 52nd Street did not experience significant development until the late 19th century, when row houses and tenements, made of brick and brownstone, were developed in the area.[9]

Architecture

The New York Marriott East Side was designed by Arthur Loomis Harmon,[1][10] who went on to design the Empire State Building and 500 Fifth Avenue.[11] The hotel was originally known as the Shelton, an apartment hotel,[10] and was developed by James T. Lee, grandfather of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.[12] The hotel contains elements of the Lombard Revival style,[13] although Harmon wanted to avoid clear allusion to any specific architectural style, saying that "the masses of such modern buildings have no architectural precedence".[10][14][15] Christopher Gray of The New York Times wrote that Harmon "covered the mass with irregular yellowy-tan brick, roughened as if centuries old, and for details, drew from Romanesque, Byzantine, early Christian, Lombard and other styles."[14] The hotel's developer described the building as being designed in a "North Italian Romanesque or Early Christian" style.[15][16]

Form

The hotel building contains setbacks to comply with the 1916 Zoning Resolution; it was one of the first major hotels in New York City to be developed after the resolution was enacted.[13][14] At the time of its construction, the Shelton was also quoted as the world's tallest hotel;[10][17] modern sources cite the hotel as being 387 feet (118 m) tall,[18][19] although a source from 1932 gave an alternate height of 412 ft (126 m).[20] The building is variously cited as being 31,[17][21] 32,[22][23][24] 34,[10] or 35 stories tall.[4][5] This discrepancy arises from the fact that the hotel's floor numbering system does not have a thirteenth floor, as well as the fact that there is a three-story mechanical penthouse above the primary 31-story roof.[25] Including the penthouse, the hotel has a total of 34 floors.[19]

According to art historian Anna C. Chave, Harmon preferred that the hotel's setbacks "be boldly articulated in architectural form, not camouflaged by ornamentation".[26] To maximize the size of the public amenity space, the lowest two stories of the New York Marriott East Side occupy the entire site.[27] On the first 15 stories of the hotel, a 40 ft-wide (12 m) wing runs south to 48th Street from the center of the main structure's southern elevation.[17] The wing on 48th Street contains a setback on its rear above the first story, as well as on its front above the second story.[6] At the 3rd story, the eastern elevation sets back into an elongated light court, giving the building a roughly "U"-shaped plan.[17][27] The northern elevation on 49th Street and the western elevation on Lexington Avenue also have light courts, which are shallower and are flanked by projecting pavilions.[17] Another light court exists on the eastern elevation.[28]

The hotel has further setbacks at the 15th and 21st floors; the main roof is above the 31st floor.[17] To comply with the 1916 Zoning Resolution, the top stories of the hotel only occupy one-quarter of the entire lot.[27] The hotel is topped by a set-back penthouse with a pyramidal hip roof.[17][29]

Facade

All four elevations of the hotel's facade are visible from the street and are accordingly decorated.[29] The first two stories of the facade are clad with limestone.[17][30][31] The upper stories are faced with grayish-brown brick, interspersed with terracotta and limestone trim.[17][18] The third through 14th stories, and the 16th to 30th stories, have windows that illuminate guestrooms inside. The 15th and 31st stories are designed in a different manner because these stories originally contained amenity areas.[31]

The facade is divided vertically into multiple bays, which alternately project from the facade or are recessed from it.[17] On the upper stories, projecting bricks were arranged both in vertical lines and in random patterns.[17] Harmon, seeking to emphasize the hotel's height, avoided including horizontal lines in the hotel's design where possible.[10] The facade's design followed the principle of entasis, bulging slightly outward so as to not give the impression that the hotel was sagging,[10][32] The lower stories were sloped slightly inward, further emphasizing the building's height.[10] The original design was modified significantly in 1935. The modern-day facade, which dates to a 1977–1978 renovation, is similar to the original design but has additional doorways and windows.[17]

Base

 
Arcade at the center of the Lexington Avenue facade
 
Arched windows on the second floor of the Lexington Avenue facade's outer pavilions

The 49th Street and Lexington Avenue elevations of the facade have double-height arcades at the base.[10][17] The Lexington Avenue facade contains a loggia of five arches in the center of the facade, as well as a glass-and-metal canopy that curves outward. The arches are flanked by pedestals with lion heads, which support Corinthian columns. Above the columns are impost blocks, which contain depictions of readers and athletes carved in relief, as well as molded archivolts and gargoyles. In addition, a cornice with corbels runs horizontally above the second floor, topped by a parapet that contains reliefs of masks. The three center archways lead into the lobby and are surrounded by doorways with Renaissance-style arabesques. There are arched niches in between each of the center doorways. On the second story, each of the five center bays contains a pair of arched windows.[33]

The Lexington Avenue entrance is flanked by three-bay-wide projecting pavilions. The first story originally had rectangular window openings, though one window in each pavilion has since been replaced by a doorway. The southernmost bay of the south pavilion contains an entrance with a projecting granite doorway. At the second floor, the center bay of each pavilion contains a pair of arched windows and a balcony supported by brackets (these bays originally contained French windows).[33] The other bays have simple rectangular windows on the second floor, above which are relief panels with scrolls and wreaths, which are inset into the facade. A cornice, with corbels shaped like masks and flowers, runs above the second story of each pavilion. Over the years, objects such as air-conditioner openings, storage cabinet, a security camera, and flagpoles have been added at the base.[33]

The 49th Street facade is similar in arrangement to that along Lexington Avenue, with a recessed arcade flanked by pavilions. The arcade is six bays wide; the westernmost bay of the arcade contains an entrance. There are awnings above the first-story windows in each bay of the arcade, and a low iron railing runs in front of the arcade's first-floor windows. Above the first story, the arcade contains are chevron patterns consisting of light and dark stone. The eastern pavilion contains square-headed windows on its mezzanine level, while the windows on the first and second story have been sealed. A stone balustrade runs above the arcade's second story and is decorated with quatrefoil tracery.[6]

On the 48th Street wing, the southern elevation is clad with limestone in multiple hues.[6] At the first and second stories, the facade of the wing is divided into three bays; the center bay is divided into four windows, while the side bays have two windows each. On the first story, the center window is topped by a lunette, and there is a door in the westernmost bay; all of the windows have tracery and stone mullions. The wing's second story contains a terrace recessed behind the windows on that story.[34] The main section of the building, closer to 49th Street, contains arched windows on its southern elevation at the second story; these windows originally illuminated the hotel's library. A concrete-clad annex, consisting of the first story and mezzanine, extends into the courtyard at the hotel's southeast corner; this annex contains ventilation grates and HVAC equipment on its roof.[28]

Upper stories

 
Upper stories of the Lexington Avenue facade

On the upper stories, some of the brickwork and the majority of the windows have been replaced, and the facade also contains openings for air-conditioning units.[35] Along 49th Street and Lexington Avenue, on the 3rd through 14th floors, the facade contains random projecting bricks scattered amid the windows.[33] The projecting brick patterns were arranged so as to "avoid any effect of a pattern", according to Architecture magazine, although they repeat at three-story intervals.[32] The center bays alternately project from or are recessed into the facade;[35] these bays vary in depth by 10 ft (3.0 m).[32] On the 15th story, the outer bays contain arched corbel tables, as well as parapets with inlaid rhombuses, above which are pergolas and brick-and-glass structures. On that story recessed center bays contain arched corbel tables, and the projecting center bays contain round balconies; above the 15th story windows, there are rosettes made of terracotta.[33] There is a parapet at the 21st story with arched corbel tables, corbels, and chevrons; this parapet has been repaired over the years.[35]

On the 21st to 30th stories, the bays alternately project from or are recessed into the facade. The recessed center bays contain smaller windows than the projecting bays and are topped by arched corbel tables.[33] The corners of the building contain colonettes with fiberglass griffins, which are intended to resemble the original griffins. The 31st story is a double-height space with both projecting and recessed bays; the recessed bays contain double-height arched windows, while the projecting bays contain projecting bricks. At the 31st story, the center bays also contain projecting gargoyles, while the outer bays contain small attic windows. In addition, the roofline of the 31st story contains grotesques of bears, which appear to be holding amphorae.[35]

The upper stories of the 48th Street wing's southern elevation are designed very similarly to the corner pavilions on Lexington Avenue and 49th Street. The wing's eastern elevation and part of the western elevation are also visible; these elevations consist of plain brick walls with windows. At the 15th-story setback is a brick parapet with limestone coping, as well as a brick pavilion with a hip roof.[6] The eastern and southern elevations of the main building also contain plain walls, which are visible from 48th Street and from Third Avenue. As with the other elevations, some of the brickwork and windows have been replaced; in addition, some windows on these elevations have been sealed.[34] Several steel trusses span the light court on the eastern elevation, and the 15th story also contains a bridge across the light court, connecting the northern and southern wings.[28]

Interior

When it opened, the hotel featured numerous "club" amenities, such as a gymnasium, a bowling alley, a Turkish bath, a swimming pool, a barber, squash courts, and billiard tables.[18][36] The hotel contained six passenger and two freight elevators.[32] In contrast to the Shelton's exterior, which was distinctive for its time, the interior was similar to that of other contemporary large hotels.[14] As of 2016, the hotel had a gross floor area of 391,318 sq ft (36,354.6 m2).[37][38] The hotel's amenities included a fitness center measuring 1,000 sq ft (93 m2); meeting space totaling 16,000 sq ft (1,500 m2); and the 525LEX Restaurant and Lounge.[38]

Public rooms and amenities

Original floor plans for lower floors
 
Sub-basement
 
Basement
 
First floor
 
Second floor

The Shelton's public rooms were largely designed with early Italian Renaissance elements, except the wood-paneled rooms, which were influenced more by English architecture.[32] The sub-basement contained the pool, clothing-storage, and boiler rooms. The basement contained a mezzanine surrounding the pool, as well as a Turkish bath, bowling alley, barber shop, and servant's rooms.[32] The pool's mezzanine was decorated with multicolored tile. By the 2000s, the original swimming pool had been drained and divided into three sections, although a ladder remained in place at one corner.[14]

At ground level was the kitchen, grill, and dining room.[27] The entrance lobby on Lexington Avenue connected with an office to the south, a baggage entrance and women's lounge to the north, and a lounge to the east. The restaurant was originally located in the 48th Street wing, while the grill was placed behind the elevators to the east. The kitchen was at the far east end of the hotel, behind the grill.[32] A grill and café was added on the 49th Street side of the ground level in 1935. The grill and café contained entrances from 49th Street and Lexington Avenue; the grill was designed in a 17th-century style, while the café had a semicircular mahogany bar. In addition, there was a dining room accessed from Lexington Avenue.[39] Most of the original interior has been heavily modified over the years, but some remnants of the original design remained in the late 2000s, including a stair hall next to the lobby.[14][40]

On the second story was a suite of three rooms facing Lexington Avenue: the reading room to the north, the lounge in the center, and the game room to the south. The billiard room was on the north end of the elevator lobby, and two west-east corridors ran across the second floor, The corridor on the north side of the second floor led to various card rooms and dining rooms, while the corridor on the south side connected to the library and dining rooms.[32] The hotel's library reportedly contained over 12,000 volumes.[5] By the 2000s, the hotel also had 19 meeting rooms.[41]

The hotel contained a solarium and open terrace on the 15th floor.[42] The solarium was placed above the rooftop terrace on the southern wing. The center of the 15th story contained two "baronial suites", with paneled living rooms that contained fireplaces, as well as private porches and sunroofs.[32] The 15th-floor setback also contained open-air terraces for tenants.[31][43] The top story, was devoted to a gymnasium and three squash courts; there was also a gallery for exhibition matches.[32] By the 2000s, the squash courts had been replaced by the hotel's fitness center.[14] The roof contained a penthouse for tanks, elevator machinery, and other equipment.[32]

Guestrooms

The hotel originally had either 1,100[4][5] or 1,200 bedrooms,[17] approximately two-thirds of which had their own bathrooms.[14][32] The third to 14th floors largely consisted of single rooms, but the corners of these stories had two-bedroom suites. Above the 15th floor, the Shelton had ten floors of bedrooms.[32] A New York Times article from 1928 cited the hotel as having 1,169 guestrooms and 600 bathrooms.[44] By 1954, three of the hotel's stories (comprising a total of 180 rooms) were used as offices.[42]

By the 2000s, the hotel included 646 rooms,[14][40] which were composed of 629 standard rooms and 17 suites.[41] After the 2007 renovation, Oyster.com wrote that the average room was 175 sq ft (16.3 m2), enough to accommodate a king size bed, chair, desk, and side table. In addition, the guestrooms were decorated in a yellow, mustard, or scarlet palette, similar to other Marriott hotels, while the bathrooms had granite alcoves for toiletries.[40] By 2016, the hotel had 655 guestrooms.[37]

History

The construction of Grand Central Terminal began in 1903 on the site of Grand Central Depot,[45] following a fatal crash in the Park Avenue Tunnel, the only approach to the depot, the preceding year.[46] Grand Central Terminal opened on February 2, 1913.[47][48] Passenger traffic on the commuter lines into Grand Central more than doubled in the years following the terminal's completion.[49] The terminal spurred development in the surrounding area, particularly in Terminal City, a commercial and office district created above where the tracks were covered.[50][51][52] Terminal City soon became Manhattan's most desirable commercial and office district.[53] A 1920 New York Times article said, "With its hotels, office buildings, apartments and underground Streets it not only is a wonderful railroad terminal, but also a great civic centre."[54] The Shelton was one of several hotels developed in Terminal City,[55] along with other hostelries such as the Barclay, Commodore, Roosevelt, and Biltmore.[56]

Meanwhile, during the early 19th century, apartment developments in the city were generally associated with the working class. By the late 19th century, apartments were also becoming desirable among the middle and upper classes.[57][58] Between 1880 and 1885, more than ninety apartment buildings were developed in the city.[59] Apartment hotels in New York City became more popular after World War I, particularly among wealthy people who wanted to live luxuriously but also wanted to do some of their own housework, such as cooking.[57][60] Developers of apartment hotels sometimes constructed developments to bypass the Tenement House Law, which prevented new apartment buildings from being taller than 150 percent of the width of the adjacent street. Apartment hotels had less stringent regulations on sunlight, ventilation, and emergency stairs but had to contain communal spaces like dining rooms.[57][61]

Development

 
Window on 48th Street wing

The International Sporting Club (ISC) had announced plans in December 1919 for a sporting arena and clubhouse at the southeast corner of 49th Street and Lexington Avenue.[11][62] The existing buildings on the site had been demolished by 1921, when the ISC's founder disappeared with a large proportion of the club's assets.[11] Subsequently, in January 1922, a judge scheduled an auction for the site,[63] and James T. Lee acquired the plot the same month.[64] Lee initially planned to develop a 15-story apartment hotel for men on the ISC site.[65][66]

The Shelton Holding Corporation, headed by Lee, announced in March 1922 that it would build a 30-story apartment hotel instead.[66] The hotel was to be known as the Shelton Club[67] and was one of several hotels in New York City being developed at the time with a combined 6,000 rooms.[68][69] Lee intended for the Shelton to be a high-end apartment hotel, describing it as "equal in appointments to the Yale Club" building at 50 Vanderbilt Avenue.[70][71] Residents would rent the apartments monthly, rather than staying overnight or signing long-term leases.[71] Work on clearing the site had started by May 1922, after S. W. Straus & Co. placed a $4 million bond issue on the hotel.[72][73] Harmon filed plans for a 31-story hotel on the site later the same month at an estimated cost of $3 million to $5 million.[67][74]

Lee wanted to offset the hotel's relatively high construction costs by increasing the building's height, which in turn would allow him to rent the apartments to more people.[70] Furthermore, the higher construction costs of the top stories would be counterbalanced by the high rents that the upper-floor apartments would attract.[70][27] According to Architecture magazine, the utility costs for a 1,200-room hotel were only slightly higher than those for a 600-room hotel, and the various public rooms were also supposed to attract guests,[27] Construction of the hotel itself commenced in August 1922. The Shelton was partially open by late 1923 and had been completed by March 1924.[70] Following the Shelton's completion, other hotels in the area, such as the Lexington and Waldorf Astoria, were also constructed.[75]

Early operation

1920s to 1940s

As a bachelor hotel, the Shelton originally catered solely to men.[12][18] In September 1924, the hotel announced that it would admit women after the vast majority of the hotel's tenants voted in favor of it.[24][76] According to The New York Herald, New York Tribune, although many of the residents favored retaining men-only clubrooms, "when it came to the hotel dining rooms, salons and the library and card rooms they missed the dash of color".[24] The first female guests checked into the Shelton that October,[70][77] and the hotel's 75-foot-long swimming pool opened the next month.[78] The swimming pool hosted the Hotel Shelton Dolphins, a women's swim team, and it was also used for meets by the AAU Women's Swimming Association.[79] After five companies established the Continental-Leland Corporation in 1925, the Shelton became the flagship hotel of the corporation; James T. Lee was the president of the corporation.[80][81] Hughes & Hammond placed a $4 million, ten-year mortgage loan on the hotel in 1928; this mortgage loan replaced a $4.25 million bond issue that was placed circa 1924.[44][82]

The Knott Management Corporation took over the Shelton Hotel's operation in March 1935.[83][84] That September, the Knotts announced a $65,000 renovation of the hotel,[85] which would be designed by Charles F. Winkleman.[39] As part of the project, the Pompeiian room (which had been the hotel's café) was converted into a lounge, and the lounges on 49th Street were converted into a grill and cocktail room.[39] In October 1935, the New York Life Insurance Company took over the Shelton at a foreclosure auction, bidding $300,000 and assuming the hotel's $3.64 million mortgage.[86][87] The Knott Corporation managed the hotel on behalf of New York Life,[4][5] and it operated an entertainment venue at the hotel, the Shelton Corner.[88]

The Shelton remained popular in the 1940s, when it hosted civic meetings and other events. The hotel's advertisements praised its amenities, the affordable prices of the restaurant's meals, the live music at the Shelton Corner, and the proximity to Grand Central Terminal. Guests could pay nightly or weekly fees to use the rooms, or they could sign long-term leases.[36] The American Contract Bridge League also hosted tournaments at the Shelton, where a contract bridge club had leased a 15th-story lounge.[89] In March 1946, the Knott Corporation bought the building from New York Life through the Charles F. Noyes Company for $3.35 million.[90][91] The Noyes Company then arranged a $3 million mortgage for the hotel.[4][5] Knott converted some space on the 15th floor to offices in the late 1940s, renting the space to tenants such as a wedding planner, the publisher Public Relations Society of America, and a photography company.[36]

1950s and 1960s

The Knott Corporation sold the hotel in April 1951 to Louis Schleifer, at which point the hotel was assessed at $4 million.[21] Schleifer took title to the building in August 1951, with plans to keep it as an investment,[92] and Joseph Wolf became the hotel's manager.[93] Schleifer leased the hotel in March 1952 to Herbert R. Weissberg of 523-527 Lexington Inc. for 21 years at $500,000 per year.[94][95] Less than a year later, in February 1953, Lawrence A. Wien bought the hotel from Schleifer.[22][23] The Fink brothers acquired all of the stock in the Hotel Equities Company, which had a long-term lease on the building in August 1954. The Finks planned to spend $500,000 on renovating the hotel, including the pool, baths, gymnasium, lobby, dining rooms, assembly rooms, and guestrooms.[42] By then, Buster Crabbe operated the hotel's swimming pool and health club, and about three stories of the hotel had been converted to office space.[42][79] The ballroom was closed in December 1956 and turned into a laboratory for color-film processing company Authenticolor.[96]

Jay and Arthur Wells, representing Wells Television Inc.,[97][98] signed a contract to buy the hotel's lease in April 1957.[97][99] The next month, they hired a syndicate led by Sidney Bressler to operate the hotel, which was renamed the Shelton Towers.[98] Vic Tanny leased the hotel's pool in early 1958.[100][101] Westchester County judge George A. Brenner, one of the investors who had leased the hotel, spent large sums of money on renovating the Shelton Towers but was unable to obtain more funding.[102] New York County district attorney Frank Hogan indicted Brenner on charges of forgery in January 1959.[102][103] Hogan claimed that Brenner had leased the hotel for 14 years with plans to renovate it, obtain a 75-year lease, and resell it to a large hotel chain.[103] The district attorney's office accused Brenner of trying to submit a falsified certificate, worth $250,000, at a Westchester bank in an attempt to receive a loan for the hotel.[104] The Shelton Towers' manager, convicted forger William M. Singer, was detained in connection with the case.[105] Brenner, Singer, and their former secretary Norma M. Bucher all pleaded guilty to conspiracy and fraud charges in early 1960;[106] Singer and Bucher were sentenced to between 18 and 24 months in prison,[107] while Brenner was sentenced to between four and seven years.[108]

The S. T. Hotel Corporation (which held the Shelton Towers' lease) decided to sublet the hotel in December 1959 to Max Klein's Shelton East Corporation, which planned to renovate the hotel.[109] By the 1960s, according to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC), the hotel "was increasingly regarded as passé".[79] Wellington Associates, led by Sol Goldman and Alex DiLorenzo Jr., bought the hotel in the 1960s.[79] Wellington Associates received a $2.3 million first mortgage loan for the hotel in 1965[110] and a $1.5 million second mortgage the following year.[111] Goldman and DiLorenzo received a $12.5 million, five-year mortgage loan for the Shelton and two nearby plots in 1968.[112] The hotel's swimming pool and gym, operated by Shelton Health Clubs, saw 2,000 customers per day by the late 1960s.[113]

During this time period, the hotel housed Basin Street East, a notable nightclub.

Proposed redevelopment

Skyscraper plan

 
View of the Lexington Avenue facade from ground level

By October 1965, Goldman and DiLorenzo had acquired five smaller structures and a parking lot on the same block, with plans to redevelop the site.[114] Goldman and DiLorenzo eventually acquired the entire block, covering 64,000 sq ft (5,900 m2).[115] The partners had initially leased 44,000 sq ft (4,100 m2) on the west side of the block, including the Shelton's site, to Stanley Stahl.[115] Stahl planned to replace all buildings on the block with a skyscraper occupied by a large corporation.[79][16] Telephone company GTE initially agreed to lease space in the new skyscraper, but it ultimately opted to move to Connecticut instead.[115] Tishman Realty and Construction took over the lease, with plans to develop to build a 1.5×10^6 sq ft (140,000 m2) structure.[115] Tishman, Arlen Properties, and Bahamian fund Gramco International created a joint venture in 1970 to construct the Third Avenue skyscraper, as well as a 44-story building at 1166 Avenue of the Americas, for a combined $200 million.[116]

Citadel Management Co. took over as the hotel's landlord in 1971.[117] Stahl announced in May 1971 that the hotel would no longer accept overnight guests because it was "losing a lot of money", although long-term guests would be allowed to stay for at least six months.[118] At the time, room-occupancy rates in New York City's hotels were declining.[119] Tishman razed the buildings on Third Avenue, but could not proceed further until existing tenants had been relocated.[120] The New York Telephone Company agreed to lease 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2) in the proposed building on the condition that all of the hotel's existing residents be relocated, but Tishman was unable to relocate the remaining tenants.[115] Tishman then proposed constructing two smaller buildings, one each on Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, separated by a park; this plan was also controversial.[115] Concurrently, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority considered developing a terminal for the Long Island Rail Road on the site as part of its Program for Action.[120] The city government rejected Tishman's plan for a 52-story skyscraper in June 1974.[117]

By the mid-1970s, the Shelton had 26 tenants, all of whom lived in rent-controlled units. Some of the residents agreed to relocate and were each paid between $15,000 and $17,000.[115] The 11 remaining tenants sued Tishman in July 1974, accusing Citadel of neglecting the building by failing to replace a broken boiler in the basement.[117] Tishman sold the eastern quarter of the site to New York Telephone in October 1974.[121] The hotel's tenants remained in place, and the other buildings on the block contained about 100 tenants in total.[120]

Cancellation

In December 1975, Tishman officially canceled its plans for the tower and relinquished the site to Avon Associates, a firm operated by Goldman and the DiLorenzo estate. According to Tishman's president Robert Tishman, the project was no longer financially viable due to the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis and the presence of the holdout tenants.[122][123] The company had spent $3 million to maintain the Shelton Towers during fiscal year 1975; some of this money was used to pay the salaries of 11 staff members and a 24-hour security detail for the remaining tenants.[122] Except for a middle-aged secretary, all of the remaining tenants were elderly; six of the eight holdouts were women.[124]

Tishman paid Goldman and the DiLorenzo estate $1.8 million, and Goldman and DiLorenzo transferred the hotel's title to the Dollar Savings Bank. The bank, in turn, would cover the hotel's expenses, which included $225,000 in annual taxes and up to $5,000 in monthly heating costs.[115] Tishman had sold all of the remaining buildings on the block by October 1976.[125] After the Dollar Savings Bank reacquired the hotel, it hired the firm of Stephen B. Jacobs and Associates to study the feasibility of converting the Shelton to residential apartments.[16]

Halloran House

Contractor Edward "Biff" Halloran bought a purchase option for the hotel in July 1976; the option allowed Halloran to pay $11 million for the Shelton if he could relocate the eight holdouts and sign an agreement with a "Class A hotel" by the beginning of September. At the time, Halloran was negotiating to operate the hotel as a franchise of Holiday Inn.[124] The Shelton's remaining tenants quickly agreed to relocate after Halloran offered to give them free rent for the rest of their lives.[124] The New York Daily News reported in October 1976 that a "West Coast-based syndicate" was in the process of buying the hotel.[126] The city's Industrial and Commercial Incentive Board approved a tax abatement for the project, which was expected to cost $21 million, in February 1977.[127][128] That April, the Starrett Corporation received a $6.4 million contract to renovate the hotel into a 650-room Howard Johnson's.[129][130]

Halloran renovated the hotel in collaboration with Norman Groh, who had received a franchise from Howard Johnson's.[16][79] Jacobs was hired as the restoration architect, while George Clarkson was employed as the interior designer.[131] The Shelton's renovation occurred amid an increase in occupancy rates at New York City's hotels, which had an occupancy rate of 90 percent by 1978.[132] As part of the project, the hotel's facade was restored, while its interiors were updated to meet modern building codes.[79] According to Jacobs, the Shelton cost less than $30,000 per room to renovate, while a new hotel of similar size would have cost over $100,000 per room.[133] The hotel reopened in November 1978, shortly after Thanksgiving,[79][134] and Mary Diem was appointed as the hotel's manager in January 1979.[135]

The Attorney General of New York filed an antitrust lawsuit against several of Halloran's companies in 1984, including the companies that operated the Halloran House.[136][137] According to the attorney general's office, the hotel's operators had acted as guarantors for Halloran's other companies, which allegedly held a monopoly on ready mixed concrete in New York City.[136] At the end of December 1984, Halloran sold the hotel to 525 Lexington Avenue Associates, which was partly controlled by Morris Bailey. 525 Lexington Ave. Associates planned to rename the hotel, renovate the rooms, and add a health club, although they continued to operate the Halloran House as a Howard Johnson franchise.[138] Halloran used the proceeds from the hotel's sale to pay back one of his lenders, the Marine Midland Bank, in what the Manhattan District Attorney's office later described as a check kiting scheme.[139] 525 Lexington Ave. Associates renovated the hotel again between 1988 and 1989, adding air-conditioners in each room, as well as replacing many windows.[79] The renovation overran its budget by 12 percent.[140]

Marriott operation

1990s

After the late-1980s renovation, Bailey had wanted to sell the hotel for about $300,000 per room, although few potential buyers were willing to pay that price.[140] By then, there were few remnants of the hotel's original interiors.[14] Marriott Hotels & Resorts, which wanted to operate a hotel on the East Side of Manhattan, agreed to pay Bailey $13 million, allowing Bailey and his partners to cover the cost overruns of the project.[140] The Halloran House became the New York Marriott East Side,[14][140] the second Marriott-branded hotel in Manhattan, after the New York Marriott Marquis near Times Square.[141] Marriott operated the hotel under lease for several years.[142]

525 Lexington Avenue Associates filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1994,[143] and Marriott's parent company Host Marriott, in conjunction with Morris Bailey, bought the hotel the same year.[142] Host Marriott and Bailey paid $55 million for the hotel, which amounted to $82,800 per room.[144] By 1996, Marriott was planning to spend $45 million refurbishing the Marriott East Side.[145] Host Marriott sold the hotel to Strategic Hotel Capital Inc. in April 1998 for $191.3 million;[146] the Marriott East Side was Strategic Hotel Capital's first hotel in New York City.[147][148] The new owner subsequently renovated the Marriott East Side extensively.[148][149] Perkins Eastman designed a steel canopy for the hotel's entrance, which was completed in 2000.[8]

2000s and 2010s

 
The Lexington Avenue side of the hotel in 2019

The Prime Property Fund, managed by Morgan Stanley, acquired the hotel building in 2005 for $287 million.[150][41][151] At the time, the hotel had 646 rooms.[151] The building underwent significant interior renovations in 2007 and exterior refurbishments in 2009.[14] The Marriott chain's first teleconference suite opened at the Marriott East Side in late 2009.[152] The Prime Property Fund was looking to sell the hotel for $350 million by March 2012, having spent $26 million renovating the hostelry.[153]

After mayor Michael Bloomberg proposed rezoning East Midtown in 2012, preservationists began advocating for several structures in the neighborhood to be designated as official landmarks, including the former Shelton.[154][155] The LPC hosted public hearings in 2013 to determine whether the New York Marriott East Side and four other structures in East Midtown should be designated as New York City landmarks.[156][157] In mid-2016, the LPC proposed protecting twelve buildings in East Midtown, including the New York Marriott East Side, in advance of proposed changes to the area's zoning.[158][159] On November 22, 2016, the LPC designated the New York Marriott East Side and ten other nearby buildings as city landmarks.[160][161]

Ashkenazy Acquisitions offered to buy the hotel for $290 million in December 2014.[162] Morgan Stanley sold the building in 2015 to Lexington Avenue Hotel, a limited partnership between Ashkenazy Acquisition and Deka Immobilien, a subsidiary of DekaBank, for $270 million.[37] Deka Immobilien owned an 85 percent stake in the hotel, while Ashkenazy owned the remaining 15 percent.[163][164] Ashkenazy and Deka placed the hotel for sale in September 2016[38][37] but were unable to find a buyer for the hotel.[165] Ashkenazy signed a contract in March 2019 to purchase the New York Marriott East Side for $174 million, placing $2 million in an escrow account managed by the Chicago Title Insurance Company.[166] Although tourism in New York City was increasing at the time, Deka would have recorded a nearly $100 million loss if the sale had been completed.[167] Ashkenazy twice postponed the purchase date and ultimately failed to buy the hotel before the July 2019 deadline.[166] This prompted Deka to sue Ashkenazy for breach of contract.[166][167]

Closure

The New York Marriott East Side temporarily closed in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic[168] and laid off 316 employees that May.[169] The Lexington Avenue Hotel partnership subsequently failed to make payments on its $53 million mortgage, which was to have been paid in July 2020.[163][170] The closure was intended to be temporary, but in October 2020, it was reported that the hotel had permanently closed.[168][171] Ashkenazy sued Marriott the same month, accusing Marriott of breach of contract and saying that the hotel misappropriated $12 million to bolster its own balance sheet.[165] Ashkenazy subsequently withdrew its complaint.[165]

In February 2021, DekaBank foreclosed on the unpaid mortgage of $63 million.[163][164] Deka Immobilien ultimately paid back the full loan. This allowed Deka to also take back all the capital that it had invested in Lexington Avenue Hotel; as such, Ashkenazy could potentially lose all the money it had invested in the hotel.[170] That July, a New York state court ruled that Ashkenazy was required to pay its share of the $136 million lien that had been placed on the hotel.[172][173] Deka sold the hotel in January 2023 to a joint venture of Beverly Hills-based Hawkins Way Capital and Minneapolis-based Värde Partners.[174][175][176] At the time, The Real Deal magazine reported that Hawkins Way and Värde might convert the hotel building to housing.[176] The sale was completed the next month for $153.4 million.[177]

Notable people

Residents

In late 1925, artist couple Alfred Stieglitz and Georgia O'Keeffe moved into a two-room apartment on the 28th floor; they moved to the 30th floor in 1927.[178] O'Keeffe painted several works of the Shelton or of the view from her room;[26][179][180] according to Chave, the Shelton was O'Keeffe's "favorite architectural subject—which exemplified a vital turning point in skyscraper design".[181] O'Keeffe later said: "I had never lived up so high before and was so excited that I began talking about trying to paint New York".[182] Additionally, Steiglitz took photographs from the Shelton or from his gallery at An American Place, creating about 90 cityscapes from 1925 to 1937.[178] Among the buildings he photographed from the Shelton were the RCA Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza and the GE Building at 570 Lexington Avenue.[178][183]

O'Keeffe and Steiglitz's friend Claude Fayette Bragdon also lived at the hotel,[184] and other artists, such as Miguel Covarrubias, Dorothy Brett, and Harold Clurman, also lived there for periods.[185] The publisher Mitchell Kennerley moved into the hotel in 1948 and lived there for the last two years of his life.[186] The playwright Tennessee Williams also lived at the hotel temporarily in 1945, when one of his plays was being rehearsed on Broadway.[36][187]

Other visitors

In 1926, escape artist Harry Houdini escaped from an airtight case at the bottom of the hotel pool in 91 minutes.[188][189] Canadian magician James Randi, recreating Houdini's escape at the hotel's pool in 1956,[190] escaped in 93 minutes, two minutes slower than Houdini's record.[36]

New York governor W. Averell Harriman and New York County district attorney Frank S. Hogan both had offices at the Shelton Hotel during the late 1950s.[191] Particularly in the late 1970s and early 1980s, numerous politicians held campaign events at the Halloran House.[79] For example, the New York State Democratic Committee selected delegates for the Democratic National Convention at the Halloran House during the 1980 United States presidential election,[192] and Mario Cuomo announced his campaign for the 1982 New York gubernatorial election at the hotel.[193]

Controversial American-Israeli rabbi Meir Kahane was assassinated in the hotel's second-floor conference room on November 5, 1990.[194][195] El Sayyid Nosair, an Egyptian-born American citizen, was subsequently charged with and acquitted of Kahane's murder,[196] although Nosair admitted to killing Kahane in 1998.[197] News sources retrospectively cited Nosair's actions as one of the earliest examples of Islamic terrorism in the United States.[198][199]

Impact

Critical reception

Architectural commentary

 
The hotel as seen from Lexington Avenue and 48th Street

Christopher Gray wrote that the completed hotel "attracted near-rave reviews from serious critics, who praised its intelligent treatment of the 1916 setback requirements of the zoning law."[200] When the hotel was being constructed, Fiske Kimball wrote for The New York Times, "We may admire the masterly way in which [Harmon] has built up his receding masses into the vast central tower."[29] Hugh Ferriss, comparing the Shelton to a mountain,[26] observed that Harmon "accepted the [1916 Zoning Resolution] not as a limitation, but as a basis" in designing the Shelton.[201][202] According to Ferriss, the building's design "evokes that undefinable sense of satisfaction which man ever finds on the slope of the pyramid or the mountainside".[16] George Harold Edgall said the design of the Shelton's facade was like "some titanic result of the force of nature rather than a building by the hand of man".[10][203] Leon Solon wrote in 1926: "We doubt that any design has exerted so prompt and beneficial an influence, both as regards silhouette in structural mass and textural quality."[204]

Critics also praised the ideals represented in the hotel building. A correspondent for the Manchester Guardian stated that "this audacious and impressive structure is to be a bachelor hotel for more than a thousand men [...] One feels here implicit a new theory of form", although the correspondent also believed that "the Shelton is uninteresting in colour".[30] Bragdon praised the hotel for its "success of conception, the power to imagine and dramatize a building to the city-dweller the most successful escape from the dirt, ugliness, noise, promiscuity of the city."[201][205] However, Bragdon felt that the interior "fails somehow to convey the sense of fresh and powerful ideation inspired by the exterior."[206] The New Yorker's architectural critic George S. Chappell said of the hotel: "Its details are simple, its lines graceful, its ornament interesting. It is a building designed for modern New York."[207][208] Two New York Times writers called the Shelton "a stately, breath-taking building", while Lewis Mumford characterized the hotel as "buoyant, mobile, serene, like a Zeppelin under a clear sky".[14] In a 1932 survey of 50 American architects, four ranked the Shelton as the United States' best building.[209][210]

Architectural historian Ada Louise Huxtable wrote that, by the 1960s, the hotel's architecture had largely been forgotten and that only architectural historians and real-estate developers were interested in it. Huxtable, in a retrospective review of the hotel, called the style "rather indeterminate, ranging from simple traditional with fine marble and ironwork, to early Schrafft's."[16] In the 1970s. The New York Times described the gargoyles on the facade as "benevolent beasts".[211] After the late-1970s renovation, Paul Goldberger said the Shelton's "loss would have inflicted not only visual blow to the city's skyline but scholarly blow to the history of architecture", although he said the redesigned interiors, while "well-intended", were "no match for the original building".[131]

Hotel commentary

After the guestrooms were renovated in 2007, Oyster.com wrote: "These days, the original Shelton is only apparent in fragments, an original staircase here, an old stained-glass window there. [...] The 646 guest rooms above, however, are all modern."[40] The U.S. News & World Report wrote: "Some recent visitors said this Midtown East Marriott, just about a mile walk from Central Park, gets the proverbial job done – it's a pleasant place to hang your hat, but it doesn't offer anything too exciting."[212]

Influence

According to architect and writer Robert A. M. Stern, the hotel's design "unleashed a trend toward skyscraper apartments and hotels as intense as the passion for skyscraper offices".[213][207] The facade and massing of the Barbizon 63 hotel, on 63rd Street, was directly influenced by that of the Shelton.[207] Architectural historians have described the Shelton's design as having influenced various 20th-century skyscrapers such as the Barclay–Vesey Building, 26 Broadway, and the lower stories of the Empire State Building.[214] Architectural historian Carol Willis wrote that the Shelton, along with the Barclay–Vesey Building, "helped to popularize an aesthetic of simple, sculptural mass that became the benchmark of progressive design" by the mid-1920s.[178][215]

See also

References

Citations

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Sources

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to New York Marriott East Side.
  • Bragdon, Claude (July 1925). "The Shelton Hotel, New York; Arthur Loomis Harmon, Architect" (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 58, no. 1.
  • Chave, Anna C. (Winter–Spring 1991). "'Who Will Paint New York?': 'The World's New Art Center' and the Skyscraper Paintings of Georgia O'Keeffe" (PDF). American Art. Vol. 5, no. 1–2. pp. 86–107.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  • Percival, Marianne S.; Postal, Matthew A. (November 22, 2016). Hotel Shelton (PDF) (Report). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission.
  • Schlichting, Kurt C. (2001). Grand Central Terminal: Railroads, Architecture and Engineering in New York. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6510-7.
  • "The Shelton; Arthur Loomis Harmon, Architect". Architecture. Vol. 49, no. 4. April 1924.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  • Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987). New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars. New York: Rizzoli. ISBN 978-0-8478-3096-1. OCLC 13860977.

February 24, 2023
york, marriott, east, side, formerly, shelton, hotel, shelton, towers, hotel, halloran, house, hotel, lexington, avenue, midtown, manhattan, york, city, story, hotel, designed, arthur, loomis, harmon, classical, style, developed, james, grandfather, jacqueline. The New York Marriott East Side formerly the Shelton Hotel Shelton Towers Hotel and Halloran House was a hotel at 525 Lexington Avenue in Midtown Manhattan New York City The 34 story 387 ft 118 m hotel was designed by Arthur Loomis Harmon in a classical style and was developed by James T Lee grandfather of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis It was constructed between 1922 and 1923 as the Shelton Hotel an apartment hotel The Marriott East Side one of several large hotels developed around Grand Central Terminal as part of Terminal City is a New York City designated landmark New York Marriott East SideHotel as seen in 2021Former namesShelton HotelShelton Towers HotelHalloran HouseHotel chainMarriott Hotels amp ResortsGeneral informationArchitectural styleRomanesque Revival otherAddress525 Lexington AvenueTown or cityManhattan New YorkCoordinates40 45 20 N 73 58 22 W 40 75556 N 73 97278 W 40 75556 73 97278 Coordinates 40 45 20 N 73 58 22 W 40 75556 N 73 97278 W 40 75556 73 97278Construction started1922Completed1923OpenedJanuary 1924ClosedMarch 2020Height387 ft 118 m Technical detailsFloor count35Design and constructionArchitect s Arthur Loomis HarmonDeveloperJames T LeeAwards and prizesGold Medal of Honor Architectural League of New York 1925 Gold Medal New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects 1925 Other informationNumber of rooms655New York City LandmarkDesignatedNovember 22 2016Reference no 2557The hotel building contains setbacks to comply with the 1916 Zoning Resolution at the time of its construction the Shelton was quoted as the world s tallest hotel The first two stories of the facade are clad with limestone while the upper stories are faced with grayish brown brick interspersed with terracotta and limestone trim When it opened the hotel featured numerous amenities similar to those in a clubhouse such as a gymnasium a bowling alley a Turkish bath a swimming pool a barber squash courts and billiard tables The upper stories originally contained 1 200 rooms which was decreased to about 650 rooms in the late 1970s as well as outdoor terraces on the 15th and 31st floors The Shelton Hotel was widely praised by architectural critics upon its completion Its design has been cited as an influence for that of other structures such as the Empire State Building Lee acquired the site in 1922 from the International Sporting Club which had unsuccessfully attempted to build a clubhouse there The hotel was completed in January 1924 as a men only hostelry and opened to women later that year it attracted tenants such as Alfred Stieglitz and Georgia O Keeffe The New York Life Insurance Company acquired the hotel in 1935 and the Knott Management Corporation took over the hotel s operation buying it in 1946 The hotel was sold multiple times in the 1950s Sol Goldman and Alex DiLorenzo Jr bought the hotel in the 1960s and leased it to Stanley Stahl who closed the hotel in May 1971 Tishman Realty amp Construction planned to build a skyscraper on the site in the 1970s but canceled its plans after several holdout tenants refused to relocate The contractor Edward Halloran acquired the hotel in 1976 and renovated it into the Halloran House a Howard Johnson s hotel Marriott Hotels amp Resorts took over the hotel in 1990 and operated it until 2020 when the hotel permanently closed as a result of the COVID 19 pandemic Contents 1 Site 2 Architecture 2 1 Form 2 2 Facade 2 2 1 Base 2 2 2 Upper stories 2 3 Interior 2 3 1 Public rooms and amenities 2 3 2 Guestrooms 3 History 3 1 Development 3 2 Early operation 3 2 1 1920s to 1940s 3 2 2 1950s and 1960s 3 3 Proposed redevelopment 3 3 1 Skyscraper plan 3 3 2 Cancellation 3 4 Halloran House 3 5 Marriott operation 3 5 1 1990s 3 5 2 2000s and 2010s 3 5 3 Closure 4 Notable people 4 1 Residents 4 2 Other visitors 5 Impact 5 1 Critical reception 5 1 1 Architectural commentary 5 1 2 Hotel commentary 5 2 Influence 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Citations 7 2 SourcesSite EditThe New York Marriott East Side originally the Shelton Hotel is at 525 Lexington Avenue on the southeast corner with 49th Street in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City 1 It sits on the western portion of a city block bounded by Lexington Avenue to the west 49th Street to the north Third Avenue to the east and 48th Street to the south 2 The hotel occupies an irregular land lot with an area of 22 422 sq ft 2 083 1 m2 the eastern portion of the lot extends southward to 48th Street 3 The site has a frontage of 140 42 ft 42 80 m on Lexington Avenue 145 ft 44 m on 49th Street and 40 ft 12 m wide on 48th Street 4 5 The New York Marriott East Side wraps around another building at the northeast corner of 48th Street and Lexington Avenue which was completed around 2009 and it abuts a public plaza to the southeast 6 When the Shelton was constructed the corner lot contained a three story brick building which was destroyed in 1939 7 The hotel is across from 277 Park Avenue to the southwest the InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel and 299 Park Avenue to the west the Waldorf Astoria New York to the northwest and the Lexington Hotel NYC to the south 2 The Shelton was part of Hotel Row a collection of hotels developed along Lexington Avenue in the early 20th century 8 The surrounding section of Lexington Avenue from 42nd to 52nd Street did not experience significant development until the late 19th century when row houses and tenements made of brick and brownstone were developed in the area 9 Architecture EditThe New York Marriott East Side was designed by Arthur Loomis Harmon 1 10 who went on to design the Empire State Building and 500 Fifth Avenue 11 The hotel was originally known as the Shelton an apartment hotel 10 and was developed by James T Lee grandfather of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis 12 The hotel contains elements of the Lombard Revival style 13 although Harmon wanted to avoid clear allusion to any specific architectural style saying that the masses of such modern buildings have no architectural precedence 10 14 15 Christopher Gray of The New York Times wrote that Harmon covered the mass with irregular yellowy tan brick roughened as if centuries old and for details drew from Romanesque Byzantine early Christian Lombard and other styles 14 The hotel s developer described the building as being designed in a North Italian Romanesque or Early Christian style 15 16 Form Edit The hotel building contains setbacks to comply with the 1916 Zoning Resolution it was one of the first major hotels in New York City to be developed after the resolution was enacted 13 14 At the time of its construction the Shelton was also quoted as the world s tallest hotel 10 17 modern sources cite the hotel as being 387 feet 118 m tall 18 19 although a source from 1932 gave an alternate height of 412 ft 126 m 20 The building is variously cited as being 31 17 21 32 22 23 24 34 10 or 35 stories tall 4 5 This discrepancy arises from the fact that the hotel s floor numbering system does not have a thirteenth floor as well as the fact that there is a three story mechanical penthouse above the primary 31 story roof 25 Including the penthouse the hotel has a total of 34 floors 19 According to art historian Anna C Chave Harmon preferred that the hotel s setbacks be boldly articulated in architectural form not camouflaged by ornamentation 26 To maximize the size of the public amenity space the lowest two stories of the New York Marriott East Side occupy the entire site 27 On the first 15 stories of the hotel a 40 ft wide 12 m wing runs south to 48th Street from the center of the main structure s southern elevation 17 The wing on 48th Street contains a setback on its rear above the first story as well as on its front above the second story 6 At the 3rd story the eastern elevation sets back into an elongated light court giving the building a roughly U shaped plan 17 27 The northern elevation on 49th Street and the western elevation on Lexington Avenue also have light courts which are shallower and are flanked by projecting pavilions 17 Another light court exists on the eastern elevation 28 The hotel has further setbacks at the 15th and 21st floors the main roof is above the 31st floor 17 To comply with the 1916 Zoning Resolution the top stories of the hotel only occupy one quarter of the entire lot 27 The hotel is topped by a set back penthouse with a pyramidal hip roof 17 29 Facade Edit All four elevations of the hotel s facade are visible from the street and are accordingly decorated 29 The first two stories of the facade are clad with limestone 17 30 31 The upper stories are faced with grayish brown brick interspersed with terracotta and limestone trim 17 18 The third through 14th stories and the 16th to 30th stories have windows that illuminate guestrooms inside The 15th and 31st stories are designed in a different manner because these stories originally contained amenity areas 31 The facade is divided vertically into multiple bays which alternately project from the facade or are recessed from it 17 On the upper stories projecting bricks were arranged both in vertical lines and in random patterns 17 Harmon seeking to emphasize the hotel s height avoided including horizontal lines in the hotel s design where possible 10 The facade s design followed the principle of entasis bulging slightly outward so as to not give the impression that the hotel was sagging 10 32 The lower stories were sloped slightly inward further emphasizing the building s height 10 The original design was modified significantly in 1935 The modern day facade which dates to a 1977 1978 renovation is similar to the original design but has additional doorways and windows 17 Base Edit Arcade at the center of the Lexington Avenue facade Arched windows on the second floor of the Lexington Avenue facade s outer pavilions The 49th Street and Lexington Avenue elevations of the facade have double height arcades at the base 10 17 The Lexington Avenue facade contains a loggia of five arches in the center of the facade as well as a glass and metal canopy that curves outward The arches are flanked by pedestals with lion heads which support Corinthian columns Above the columns are impost blocks which contain depictions of readers and athletes carved in relief as well as molded archivolts and gargoyles In addition a cornice with corbels runs horizontally above the second floor topped by a parapet that contains reliefs of masks The three center archways lead into the lobby and are surrounded by doorways with Renaissance style arabesques There are arched niches in between each of the center doorways On the second story each of the five center bays contains a pair of arched windows 33 The Lexington Avenue entrance is flanked by three bay wide projecting pavilions The first story originally had rectangular window openings though one window in each pavilion has since been replaced by a doorway The southernmost bay of the south pavilion contains an entrance with a projecting granite doorway At the second floor the center bay of each pavilion contains a pair of arched windows and a balcony supported by brackets these bays originally contained French windows 33 The other bays have simple rectangular windows on the second floor above which are relief panels with scrolls and wreaths which are inset into the facade A cornice with corbels shaped like masks and flowers runs above the second story of each pavilion Over the years objects such as air conditioner openings storage cabinet a security camera and flagpoles have been added at the base 33 The 49th Street facade is similar in arrangement to that along Lexington Avenue with a recessed arcade flanked by pavilions The arcade is six bays wide the westernmost bay of the arcade contains an entrance There are awnings above the first story windows in each bay of the arcade and a low iron railing runs in front of the arcade s first floor windows Above the first story the arcade contains are chevron patterns consisting of light and dark stone The eastern pavilion contains square headed windows on its mezzanine level while the windows on the first and second story have been sealed A stone balustrade runs above the arcade s second story and is decorated with quatrefoil tracery 6 On the 48th Street wing the southern elevation is clad with limestone in multiple hues 6 At the first and second stories the facade of the wing is divided into three bays the center bay is divided into four windows while the side bays have two windows each On the first story the center window is topped by a lunette and there is a door in the westernmost bay all of the windows have tracery and stone mullions The wing s second story contains a terrace recessed behind the windows on that story 34 The main section of the building closer to 49th Street contains arched windows on its southern elevation at the second story these windows originally illuminated the hotel s library A concrete clad annex consisting of the first story and mezzanine extends into the courtyard at the hotel s southeast corner this annex contains ventilation grates and HVAC equipment on its roof 28 Upper stories Edit Upper stories of the Lexington Avenue facade On the upper stories some of the brickwork and the majority of the windows have been replaced and the facade also contains openings for air conditioning units 35 Along 49th Street and Lexington Avenue on the 3rd through 14th floors the facade contains random projecting bricks scattered amid the windows 33 The projecting brick patterns were arranged so as to avoid any effect of a pattern according to Architecture magazine although they repeat at three story intervals 32 The center bays alternately project from or are recessed into the facade 35 these bays vary in depth by 10 ft 3 0 m 32 On the 15th story the outer bays contain arched corbel tables as well as parapets with inlaid rhombuses above which are pergolas and brick and glass structures On that story recessed center bays contain arched corbel tables and the projecting center bays contain round balconies above the 15th story windows there are rosettes made of terracotta 33 There is a parapet at the 21st story with arched corbel tables corbels and chevrons this parapet has been repaired over the years 35 On the 21st to 30th stories the bays alternately project from or are recessed into the facade The recessed center bays contain smaller windows than the projecting bays and are topped by arched corbel tables 33 The corners of the building contain colonettes with fiberglass griffins which are intended to resemble the original griffins The 31st story is a double height space with both projecting and recessed bays the recessed bays contain double height arched windows while the projecting bays contain projecting bricks At the 31st story the center bays also contain projecting gargoyles while the outer bays contain small attic windows In addition the roofline of the 31st story contains grotesques of bears which appear to be holding amphorae 35 The upper stories of the 48th Street wing s southern elevation are designed very similarly to the corner pavilions on Lexington Avenue and 49th Street The wing s eastern elevation and part of the western elevation are also visible these elevations consist of plain brick walls with windows At the 15th story setback is a brick parapet with limestone coping as well as a brick pavilion with a hip roof 6 The eastern and southern elevations of the main building also contain plain walls which are visible from 48th Street and from Third Avenue As with the other elevations some of the brickwork and windows have been replaced in addition some windows on these elevations have been sealed 34 Several steel trusses span the light court on the eastern elevation and the 15th story also contains a bridge across the light court connecting the northern and southern wings 28 Interior Edit When it opened the hotel featured numerous club amenities such as a gymnasium a bowling alley a Turkish bath a swimming pool a barber squash courts and billiard tables 18 36 The hotel contained six passenger and two freight elevators 32 In contrast to the Shelton s exterior which was distinctive for its time the interior was similar to that of other contemporary large hotels 14 As of 2016 the hotel had a gross floor area of 391 318 sq ft 36 354 6 m2 37 38 The hotel s amenities included a fitness center measuring 1 000 sq ft 93 m2 meeting space totaling 16 000 sq ft 1 500 m2 and the 525LEX Restaurant and Lounge 38 Public rooms and amenities Edit Original floor plans for lower floors Sub basement Basement First floor Second floor The Shelton s public rooms were largely designed with early Italian Renaissance elements except the wood paneled rooms which were influenced more by English architecture 32 The sub basement contained the pool clothing storage and boiler rooms The basement contained a mezzanine surrounding the pool as well as a Turkish bath bowling alley barber shop and servant s rooms 32 The pool s mezzanine was decorated with multicolored tile By the 2000s the original swimming pool had been drained and divided into three sections although a ladder remained in place at one corner 14 At ground level was the kitchen grill and dining room 27 The entrance lobby on Lexington Avenue connected with an office to the south a baggage entrance and women s lounge to the north and a lounge to the east The restaurant was originally located in the 48th Street wing while the grill was placed behind the elevators to the east The kitchen was at the far east end of the hotel behind the grill 32 A grill and cafe was added on the 49th Street side of the ground level in 1935 The grill and cafe contained entrances from 49th Street and Lexington Avenue the grill was designed in a 17th century style while the cafe had a semicircular mahogany bar In addition there was a dining room accessed from Lexington Avenue 39 Most of the original interior has been heavily modified over the years but some remnants of the original design remained in the late 2000s including a stair hall next to the lobby 14 40 On the second story was a suite of three rooms facing Lexington Avenue the reading room to the north the lounge in the center and the game room to the south The billiard room was on the north end of the elevator lobby and two west east corridors ran across the second floor The corridor on the north side of the second floor led to various card rooms and dining rooms while the corridor on the south side connected to the library and dining rooms 32 The hotel s library reportedly contained over 12 000 volumes 5 By the 2000s the hotel also had 19 meeting rooms 41 The hotel contained a solarium and open terrace on the 15th floor 42 The solarium was placed above the rooftop terrace on the southern wing The center of the 15th story contained two baronial suites with paneled living rooms that contained fireplaces as well as private porches and sunroofs 32 The 15th floor setback also contained open air terraces for tenants 31 43 The top story was devoted to a gymnasium and three squash courts there was also a gallery for exhibition matches 32 By the 2000s the squash courts had been replaced by the hotel s fitness center 14 The roof contained a penthouse for tanks elevator machinery and other equipment 32 Guestrooms Edit The hotel originally had either 1 100 4 5 or 1 200 bedrooms 17 approximately two thirds of which had their own bathrooms 14 32 The third to 14th floors largely consisted of single rooms but the corners of these stories had two bedroom suites Above the 15th floor the Shelton had ten floors of bedrooms 32 A New York Times article from 1928 cited the hotel as having 1 169 guestrooms and 600 bathrooms 44 By 1954 three of the hotel s stories comprising a total of 180 rooms were used as offices 42 By the 2000s the hotel included 646 rooms 14 40 which were composed of 629 standard rooms and 17 suites 41 After the 2007 renovation Oyster com wrote that the average room was 175 sq ft 16 3 m2 enough to accommodate a king size bed chair desk and side table In addition the guestrooms were decorated in a yellow mustard or scarlet palette similar to other Marriott hotels while the bathrooms had granite alcoves for toiletries 40 By 2016 the hotel had 655 guestrooms 37 History EditThe construction of Grand Central Terminal began in 1903 on the site of Grand Central Depot 45 following a fatal crash in the Park Avenue Tunnel the only approach to the depot the preceding year 46 Grand Central Terminal opened on February 2 1913 47 48 Passenger traffic on the commuter lines into Grand Central more than doubled in the years following the terminal s completion 49 The terminal spurred development in the surrounding area particularly in Terminal City a commercial and office district created above where the tracks were covered 50 51 52 Terminal City soon became Manhattan s most desirable commercial and office district 53 A 1920 New York Times article said With its hotels office buildings apartments and underground Streets it not only is a wonderful railroad terminal but also a great civic centre 54 The Shelton was one of several hotels developed in Terminal City 55 along with other hostelries such as the Barclay Commodore Roosevelt and Biltmore 56 Meanwhile during the early 19th century apartment developments in the city were generally associated with the working class By the late 19th century apartments were also becoming desirable among the middle and upper classes 57 58 Between 1880 and 1885 more than ninety apartment buildings were developed in the city 59 Apartment hotels in New York City became more popular after World War I particularly among wealthy people who wanted to live luxuriously but also wanted to do some of their own housework such as cooking 57 60 Developers of apartment hotels sometimes constructed developments to bypass the Tenement House Law which prevented new apartment buildings from being taller than 150 percent of the width of the adjacent street Apartment hotels had less stringent regulations on sunlight ventilation and emergency stairs but had to contain communal spaces like dining rooms 57 61 Development Edit Window on 48th Street wing The International Sporting Club ISC had announced plans in December 1919 for a sporting arena and clubhouse at the southeast corner of 49th Street and Lexington Avenue 11 62 The existing buildings on the site had been demolished by 1921 when the ISC s founder disappeared with a large proportion of the club s assets 11 Subsequently in January 1922 a judge scheduled an auction for the site 63 and James T Lee acquired the plot the same month 64 Lee initially planned to develop a 15 story apartment hotel for men on the ISC site 65 66 The Shelton Holding Corporation headed by Lee announced in March 1922 that it would build a 30 story apartment hotel instead 66 The hotel was to be known as the Shelton Club 67 and was one of several hotels in New York City being developed at the time with a combined 6 000 rooms 68 69 Lee intended for the Shelton to be a high end apartment hotel describing it as equal in appointments to the Yale Club building at 50 Vanderbilt Avenue 70 71 Residents would rent the apartments monthly rather than staying overnight or signing long term leases 71 Work on clearing the site had started by May 1922 after S W Straus amp Co placed a 4 million bond issue on the hotel 72 73 Harmon filed plans for a 31 story hotel on the site later the same month at an estimated cost of 3 million to 5 million 67 74 Lee wanted to offset the hotel s relatively high construction costs by increasing the building s height which in turn would allow him to rent the apartments to more people 70 Furthermore the higher construction costs of the top stories would be counterbalanced by the high rents that the upper floor apartments would attract 70 27 According to Architecture magazine the utility costs for a 1 200 room hotel were only slightly higher than those for a 600 room hotel and the various public rooms were also supposed to attract guests 27 Construction of the hotel itself commenced in August 1922 The Shelton was partially open by late 1923 and had been completed by March 1924 70 Following the Shelton s completion other hotels in the area such as the Lexington and Waldorf Astoria were also constructed 75 Early operation Edit 1920s to 1940s Edit As a bachelor hotel the Shelton originally catered solely to men 12 18 In September 1924 the hotel announced that it would admit women after the vast majority of the hotel s tenants voted in favor of it 24 76 According to The New York Herald New York Tribune although many of the residents favored retaining men only clubrooms when it came to the hotel dining rooms salons and the library and card rooms they missed the dash of color 24 The first female guests checked into the Shelton that October 70 77 and the hotel s 75 foot long swimming pool opened the next month 78 The swimming pool hosted the Hotel Shelton Dolphins a women s swim team and it was also used for meets by the AAU Women s Swimming Association 79 After five companies established the Continental Leland Corporation in 1925 the Shelton became the flagship hotel of the corporation James T Lee was the president of the corporation 80 81 Hughes amp Hammond placed a 4 million ten year mortgage loan on the hotel in 1928 this mortgage loan replaced a 4 25 million bond issue that was placed circa 1924 44 82 The Knott Management Corporation took over the Shelton Hotel s operation in March 1935 83 84 That September the Knotts announced a 65 000 renovation of the hotel 85 which would be designed by Charles F Winkleman 39 As part of the project the Pompeiian room which had been the hotel s cafe was converted into a lounge and the lounges on 49th Street were converted into a grill and cocktail room 39 In October 1935 the New York Life Insurance Company took over the Shelton at a foreclosure auction bidding 300 000 and assuming the hotel s 3 64 million mortgage 86 87 The Knott Corporation managed the hotel on behalf of New York Life 4 5 and it operated an entertainment venue at the hotel the Shelton Corner 88 The Shelton remained popular in the 1940s when it hosted civic meetings and other events The hotel s advertisements praised its amenities the affordable prices of the restaurant s meals the live music at the Shelton Corner and the proximity to Grand Central Terminal Guests could pay nightly or weekly fees to use the rooms or they could sign long term leases 36 The American Contract Bridge League also hosted tournaments at the Shelton where a contract bridge club had leased a 15th story lounge 89 In March 1946 the Knott Corporation bought the building from New York Life through the Charles F Noyes Company for 3 35 million 90 91 The Noyes Company then arranged a 3 million mortgage for the hotel 4 5 Knott converted some space on the 15th floor to offices in the late 1940s renting the space to tenants such as a wedding planner the publisher Public Relations Society of America and a photography company 36 1950s and 1960s Edit The Knott Corporation sold the hotel in April 1951 to Louis Schleifer at which point the hotel was assessed at 4 million 21 Schleifer took title to the building in August 1951 with plans to keep it as an investment 92 and Joseph Wolf became the hotel s manager 93 Schleifer leased the hotel in March 1952 to Herbert R Weissberg of 523 527 Lexington Inc for 21 years at 500 000 per year 94 95 Less than a year later in February 1953 Lawrence A Wien bought the hotel from Schleifer 22 23 The Fink brothers acquired all of the stock in the Hotel Equities Company which had a long term lease on the building in August 1954 The Finks planned to spend 500 000 on renovating the hotel including the pool baths gymnasium lobby dining rooms assembly rooms and guestrooms 42 By then Buster Crabbe operated the hotel s swimming pool and health club and about three stories of the hotel had been converted to office space 42 79 The ballroom was closed in December 1956 and turned into a laboratory for color film processing company Authenticolor 96 Jay and Arthur Wells representing Wells Television Inc 97 98 signed a contract to buy the hotel s lease in April 1957 97 99 The next month they hired a syndicate led by Sidney Bressler to operate the hotel which was renamed the Shelton Towers 98 Vic Tanny leased the hotel s pool in early 1958 100 101 Westchester County judge George A Brenner one of the investors who had leased the hotel spent large sums of money on renovating the Shelton Towers but was unable to obtain more funding 102 New York County district attorney Frank Hogan indicted Brenner on charges of forgery in January 1959 102 103 Hogan claimed that Brenner had leased the hotel for 14 years with plans to renovate it obtain a 75 year lease and resell it to a large hotel chain 103 The district attorney s office accused Brenner of trying to submit a falsified certificate worth 250 000 at a Westchester bank in an attempt to receive a loan for the hotel 104 The Shelton Towers manager convicted forger William M Singer was detained in connection with the case 105 Brenner Singer and their former secretary Norma M Bucher all pleaded guilty to conspiracy and fraud charges in early 1960 106 Singer and Bucher were sentenced to between 18 and 24 months in prison 107 while Brenner was sentenced to between four and seven years 108 The S T Hotel Corporation which held the Shelton Towers lease decided to sublet the hotel in December 1959 to Max Klein s Shelton East Corporation which planned to renovate the hotel 109 By the 1960s according to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission LPC the hotel was increasingly regarded as passe 79 Wellington Associates led by Sol Goldman and Alex DiLorenzo Jr bought the hotel in the 1960s 79 Wellington Associates received a 2 3 million first mortgage loan for the hotel in 1965 110 and a 1 5 million second mortgage the following year 111 Goldman and DiLorenzo received a 12 5 million five year mortgage loan for the Shelton and two nearby plots in 1968 112 The hotel s swimming pool and gym operated by Shelton Health Clubs saw 2 000 customers per day by the late 1960s 113 During this time period the hotel housed Basin Street East a notable nightclub Proposed redevelopment Edit Skyscraper plan Edit View of the Lexington Avenue facade from ground level By October 1965 Goldman and DiLorenzo had acquired five smaller structures and a parking lot on the same block with plans to redevelop the site 114 Goldman and DiLorenzo eventually acquired the entire block covering 64 000 sq ft 5 900 m2 115 The partners had initially leased 44 000 sq ft 4 100 m2 on the west side of the block including the Shelton s site to Stanley Stahl 115 Stahl planned to replace all buildings on the block with a skyscraper occupied by a large corporation 79 16 Telephone company GTE initially agreed to lease space in the new skyscraper but it ultimately opted to move to Connecticut instead 115 Tishman Realty and Construction took over the lease with plans to develop to build a 1 5 10 6 sq ft 140 000 m2 structure 115 Tishman Arlen Properties and Bahamian fund Gramco International created a joint venture in 1970 to construct the Third Avenue skyscraper as well as a 44 story building at 1166 Avenue of the Americas for a combined 200 million 116 Citadel Management Co took over as the hotel s landlord in 1971 117 Stahl announced in May 1971 that the hotel would no longer accept overnight guests because it was losing a lot of money although long term guests would be allowed to stay for at least six months 118 At the time room occupancy rates in New York City s hotels were declining 119 Tishman razed the buildings on Third Avenue but could not proceed further until existing tenants had been relocated 120 The New York Telephone Company agreed to lease 500 000 sq ft 46 000 m2 in the proposed building on the condition that all of the hotel s existing residents be relocated but Tishman was unable to relocate the remaining tenants 115 Tishman then proposed constructing two smaller buildings one each on Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue separated by a park this plan was also controversial 115 Concurrently the Metropolitan Transportation Authority considered developing a terminal for the Long Island Rail Road on the site as part of its Program for Action 120 The city government rejected Tishman s plan for a 52 story skyscraper in June 1974 117 By the mid 1970s the Shelton had 26 tenants all of whom lived in rent controlled units Some of the residents agreed to relocate and were each paid between 15 000 and 17 000 115 The 11 remaining tenants sued Tishman in July 1974 accusing Citadel of neglecting the building by failing to replace a broken boiler in the basement 117 Tishman sold the eastern quarter of the site to New York Telephone in October 1974 121 The hotel s tenants remained in place and the other buildings on the block contained about 100 tenants in total 120 Cancellation Edit In December 1975 Tishman officially canceled its plans for the tower and relinquished the site to Avon Associates a firm operated by Goldman and the DiLorenzo estate According to Tishman s president Robert Tishman the project was no longer financially viable due to the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis and the presence of the holdout tenants 122 123 The company had spent 3 million to maintain the Shelton Towers during fiscal year 1975 some of this money was used to pay the salaries of 11 staff members and a 24 hour security detail for the remaining tenants 122 Except for a middle aged secretary all of the remaining tenants were elderly six of the eight holdouts were women 124 Tishman paid Goldman and the DiLorenzo estate 1 8 million and Goldman and DiLorenzo transferred the hotel s title to the Dollar Savings Bank The bank in turn would cover the hotel s expenses which included 225 000 in annual taxes and up to 5 000 in monthly heating costs 115 Tishman had sold all of the remaining buildings on the block by October 1976 125 After the Dollar Savings Bank reacquired the hotel it hired the firm of Stephen B Jacobs and Associates to study the feasibility of converting the Shelton to residential apartments 16 Halloran House Edit Contractor Edward Biff Halloran bought a purchase option for the hotel in July 1976 the option allowed Halloran to pay 11 million for the Shelton if he could relocate the eight holdouts and sign an agreement with a Class A hotel by the beginning of September At the time Halloran was negotiating to operate the hotel as a franchise of Holiday Inn 124 The Shelton s remaining tenants quickly agreed to relocate after Halloran offered to give them free rent for the rest of their lives 124 The New York Daily News reported in October 1976 that a West Coast based syndicate was in the process of buying the hotel 126 The city s Industrial and Commercial Incentive Board approved a tax abatement for the project which was expected to cost 21 million in February 1977 127 128 That April the Starrett Corporation received a 6 4 million contract to renovate the hotel into a 650 room Howard Johnson s 129 130 Halloran renovated the hotel in collaboration with Norman Groh who had received a franchise from Howard Johnson s 16 79 Jacobs was hired as the restoration architect while George Clarkson was employed as the interior designer 131 The Shelton s renovation occurred amid an increase in occupancy rates at New York City s hotels which had an occupancy rate of 90 percent by 1978 132 As part of the project the hotel s facade was restored while its interiors were updated to meet modern building codes 79 According to Jacobs the Shelton cost less than 30 000 per room to renovate while a new hotel of similar size would have cost over 100 000 per room 133 The hotel reopened in November 1978 shortly after Thanksgiving 79 134 and Mary Diem was appointed as the hotel s manager in January 1979 135 The Attorney General of New York filed an antitrust lawsuit against several of Halloran s companies in 1984 including the companies that operated the Halloran House 136 137 According to the attorney general s office the hotel s operators had acted as guarantors for Halloran s other companies which allegedly held a monopoly on ready mixed concrete in New York City 136 At the end of December 1984 Halloran sold the hotel to 525 Lexington Avenue Associates which was partly controlled by Morris Bailey 525 Lexington Ave Associates planned to rename the hotel renovate the rooms and add a health club although they continued to operate the Halloran House as a Howard Johnson franchise 138 Halloran used the proceeds from the hotel s sale to pay back one of his lenders the Marine Midland Bank in what the Manhattan District Attorney s office later described as a check kiting scheme 139 525 Lexington Ave Associates renovated the hotel again between 1988 and 1989 adding air conditioners in each room as well as replacing many windows 79 The renovation overran its budget by 12 percent 140 Marriott operation Edit 1990s Edit After the late 1980s renovation Bailey had wanted to sell the hotel for about 300 000 per room although few potential buyers were willing to pay that price 140 By then there were few remnants of the hotel s original interiors 14 Marriott Hotels amp Resorts which wanted to operate a hotel on the East Side of Manhattan agreed to pay Bailey 13 million allowing Bailey and his partners to cover the cost overruns of the project 140 The Halloran House became the New York Marriott East Side 14 140 the second Marriott branded hotel in Manhattan after the New York Marriott Marquis near Times Square 141 Marriott operated the hotel under lease for several years 142 525 Lexington Avenue Associates filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1994 143 and Marriott s parent company Host Marriott in conjunction with Morris Bailey bought the hotel the same year 142 Host Marriott and Bailey paid 55 million for the hotel which amounted to 82 800 per room 144 By 1996 Marriott was planning to spend 45 million refurbishing the Marriott East Side 145 Host Marriott sold the hotel to Strategic Hotel Capital Inc in April 1998 for 191 3 million 146 the Marriott East Side was Strategic Hotel Capital s first hotel in New York City 147 148 The new owner subsequently renovated the Marriott East Side extensively 148 149 Perkins Eastman designed a steel canopy for the hotel s entrance which was completed in 2000 8 2000s and 2010s Edit The Lexington Avenue side of the hotel in 2019 The Prime Property Fund managed by Morgan Stanley acquired the hotel building in 2005 for 287 million 150 41 151 At the time the hotel had 646 rooms 151 The building underwent significant interior renovations in 2007 and exterior refurbishments in 2009 14 The Marriott chain s first teleconference suite opened at the Marriott East Side in late 2009 152 The Prime Property Fund was looking to sell the hotel for 350 million by March 2012 having spent 26 million renovating the hostelry 153 After mayor Michael Bloomberg proposed rezoning East Midtown in 2012 preservationists began advocating for several structures in the neighborhood to be designated as official landmarks including the former Shelton 154 155 The LPC hosted public hearings in 2013 to determine whether the New York Marriott East Side and four other structures in East Midtown should be designated as New York City landmarks 156 157 In mid 2016 the LPC proposed protecting twelve buildings in East Midtown including the New York Marriott East Side in advance of proposed changes to the area s zoning 158 159 On November 22 2016 the LPC designated the New York Marriott East Side and ten other nearby buildings as city landmarks 160 161 Ashkenazy Acquisitions offered to buy the hotel for 290 million in December 2014 162 Morgan Stanley sold the building in 2015 to Lexington Avenue Hotel a limited partnership between Ashkenazy Acquisition and Deka Immobilien a subsidiary of DekaBank for 270 million 37 Deka Immobilien owned an 85 percent stake in the hotel while Ashkenazy owned the remaining 15 percent 163 164 Ashkenazy and Deka placed the hotel for sale in September 2016 38 37 but were unable to find a buyer for the hotel 165 Ashkenazy signed a contract in March 2019 to purchase the New York Marriott East Side for 174 million placing 2 million in an escrow account managed by the Chicago Title Insurance Company 166 Although tourism in New York City was increasing at the time Deka would have recorded a nearly 100 million loss if the sale had been completed 167 Ashkenazy twice postponed the purchase date and ultimately failed to buy the hotel before the July 2019 deadline 166 This prompted Deka to sue Ashkenazy for breach of contract 166 167 Closure Edit The New York Marriott East Side temporarily closed in March 2020 due to the COVID 19 pandemic 168 and laid off 316 employees that May 169 The Lexington Avenue Hotel partnership subsequently failed to make payments on its 53 million mortgage which was to have been paid in July 2020 163 170 The closure was intended to be temporary but in October 2020 it was reported that the hotel had permanently closed 168 171 Ashkenazy sued Marriott the same month accusing Marriott of breach of contract and saying that the hotel misappropriated 12 million to bolster its own balance sheet 165 Ashkenazy subsequently withdrew its complaint 165 In February 2021 DekaBank foreclosed on the unpaid mortgage of 63 million 163 164 Deka Immobilien ultimately paid back the full loan This allowed Deka to also take back all the capital that it had invested in Lexington Avenue Hotel as such Ashkenazy could potentially lose all the money it had invested in the hotel 170 That July a New York state court ruled that Ashkenazy was required to pay its share of the 136 million lien that had been placed on the hotel 172 173 Deka sold the hotel in January 2023 to a joint venture of Beverly Hills based Hawkins Way Capital and Minneapolis based Varde Partners 174 175 176 At the time The Real Deal magazine reported that Hawkins Way and Varde might convert the hotel building to housing 176 The sale was completed the next month for 153 4 million 177 Notable people EditResidents Edit In late 1925 artist couple Alfred Stieglitz and Georgia O Keeffe moved into a two room apartment on the 28th floor they moved to the 30th floor in 1927 178 O Keeffe painted several works of the Shelton or of the view from her room 26 179 180 according to Chave the Shelton was O Keeffe s favorite architectural subject which exemplified a vital turning point in skyscraper design 181 O Keeffe later said I had never lived up so high before and was so excited that I began talking about trying to paint New York 182 Additionally Steiglitz took photographs from the Shelton or from his gallery at An American Place creating about 90 cityscapes from 1925 to 1937 178 Among the buildings he photographed from the Shelton were the RCA Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza and the GE Building at 570 Lexington Avenue 178 183 O Keeffe and Steiglitz s friend Claude Fayette Bragdon also lived at the hotel 184 and other artists such as Miguel Covarrubias Dorothy Brett and Harold Clurman also lived there for periods 185 The publisher Mitchell Kennerley moved into the hotel in 1948 and lived there for the last two years of his life 186 The playwright Tennessee Williams also lived at the hotel temporarily in 1945 when one of his plays was being rehearsed on Broadway 36 187 Other visitors Edit In 1926 escape artist Harry Houdini escaped from an airtight case at the bottom of the hotel pool in 91 minutes 188 189 Canadian magician James Randi recreating Houdini s escape at the hotel s pool in 1956 190 escaped in 93 minutes two minutes slower than Houdini s record 36 New York governor W Averell Harriman and New York County district attorney Frank S Hogan both had offices at the Shelton Hotel during the late 1950s 191 Particularly in the late 1970s and early 1980s numerous politicians held campaign events at the Halloran House 79 For example the New York State Democratic Committee selected delegates for the Democratic National Convention at the Halloran House during the 1980 United States presidential election 192 and Mario Cuomo announced his campaign for the 1982 New York gubernatorial election at the hotel 193 Controversial American Israeli rabbi Meir Kahane was assassinated in the hotel s second floor conference room on November 5 1990 194 195 El Sayyid Nosair an Egyptian born American citizen was subsequently charged with and acquitted of Kahane s murder 196 although Nosair admitted to killing Kahane in 1998 197 News sources retrospectively cited Nosair s actions as one of the earliest examples of Islamic terrorism in the United States 198 199 Impact EditCritical reception Edit Architectural commentary Edit The hotel as seen from Lexington Avenue and 48th Street Christopher Gray wrote that the completed hotel attracted near rave reviews from serious critics who praised its intelligent treatment of the 1916 setback requirements of the zoning law 200 When the hotel was being constructed Fiske Kimball wrote for The New York Times We may admire the masterly way in which Harmon has built up his receding masses into the vast central tower 29 Hugh Ferriss comparing the Shelton to a mountain 26 observed that Harmon accepted the 1916 Zoning Resolution not as a limitation but as a basis in designing the Shelton 201 202 According to Ferriss the building s design evokes that undefinable sense of satisfaction which man ever finds on the slope of the pyramid or the mountainside 16 George Harold Edgall said the design of the Shelton s facade was like some titanic result of the force of nature rather than a building by the hand of man 10 203 Leon Solon wrote in 1926 We doubt that any design has exerted so prompt and beneficial an influence both as regards silhouette in structural mass and textural quality 204 Critics also praised the ideals represented in the hotel building A correspondent for the Manchester Guardian stated that this audacious and impressive structure is to be a bachelor hotel for more than a thousand men One feels here implicit a new theory of form although the correspondent also believed that the Shelton is uninteresting in colour 30 Bragdon praised the hotel for its success of conception the power to imagine and dramatize a building to the city dweller the most successful escape from the dirt ugliness noise promiscuity of the city 201 205 However Bragdon felt that the interior fails somehow to convey the sense of fresh and powerful ideation inspired by the exterior 206 The New Yorker s architectural critic George S Chappell said of the hotel Its details are simple its lines graceful its ornament interesting It is a building designed for modern New York 207 208 Two New York Times writers called the Shelton a stately breath taking building while Lewis Mumford characterized the hotel as buoyant mobile serene like a Zeppelin under a clear sky 14 In a 1932 survey of 50 American architects four ranked the Shelton as the United States best building 209 210 Architectural historian Ada Louise Huxtable wrote that by the 1960s the hotel s architecture had largely been forgotten and that only architectural historians and real estate developers were interested in it Huxtable in a retrospective review of the hotel called the style rather indeterminate ranging from simple traditional with fine marble and ironwork to early Schrafft s 16 In the 1970s The New York Times described the gargoyles on the facade as benevolent beasts 211 After the late 1970s renovation Paul Goldberger said the Shelton s loss would have inflicted not only visual blow to the city s skyline but scholarly blow to the history of architecture although he said the redesigned interiors while well intended were no match for the original building 131 Hotel commentary Edit After the guestrooms were renovated in 2007 Oyster com wrote These days the original Shelton is only apparent in fragments an original staircase here an old stained glass window there The 646 guest rooms above however are all modern 40 The U S News amp World Report wrote Some recent visitors said this Midtown East Marriott just about a mile walk from Central Park gets the proverbial job done it s a pleasant place to hang your hat but it doesn t offer anything too exciting 212 Influence Edit According to architect and writer Robert A M Stern the hotel s design unleashed a trend toward skyscraper apartments and hotels as intense as the passion for skyscraper offices 213 207 The facade and massing of the Barbizon 63 hotel on 63rd Street was directly influenced by that of the Shelton 207 Architectural historians have described the Shelton s design as having influenced various 20th century skyscrapers such as the Barclay Vesey Building 26 Broadway and the lower stories of the Empire State Building 214 Architectural historian Carol Willis wrote that the Shelton along with the Barclay Vesey Building helped to popularize an aesthetic of simple sculptural mass that became the benchmark of progressive design by the mid 1920s 178 215 See also EditList of former hotels in Manhattan List of hotels in New York City List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th StreetsReferences EditCitations Edit a b White Norval Willensky Elliot Leadon Fran 2010 AIA Guide to New York City 5th ed New York Oxford University Press p 0 ISBN 978 0 19538 386 7 a b NYCityMap NYC gov New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications Archived from the original on February 19 2021 Retrieved March 20 2020 525 Lexington Avenue 10017 New York City Department of City Planning Archived from the original on February 2 2023 Retrieved September 8 2020 a b c d e Knott Interests Have Acquired Hotel Shelton Bought From New York Life 3 000 000 Mortgage Is Reported Arranged Shelton Hotel New York Herald Tribune March 17 1946 p C8 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1267912214 a b c d e f Knott Interests Buy the Shelton on Lexington Av The New York Times March 17 1946 p R1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 107447664 a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 4 Fire Blast Wreck Midtown Building 3 Story Brick Structure on Lexington Avenue Shattered The New York Times November 10 1939 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 5 2023 Retrieved February 5 2023 a b Gray Christopher December 17 2009 The Sleeping Beauties of Hotel Alley The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 11 2022 Retrieved December 11 2022 Percival Marianne S Postal Matthew A November 22 2016 Hotel Lexington PDF Report New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission p 5 Archived PDF from the original on July 17 2022 Retrieved February 3 2023 a b c d e f g h i j Stern Gilmartin amp Mellins 1987 p 208 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 8 a b SHELTON HOTEL LATER HALLORAN HOUSE PDF NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission May 10 2016 Archived PDF from the original on March 1 2017 Retrieved January 1 2018 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 1 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Gray Christopher March 26 2009 Mr Houdini Your Box Is Ready The New York Times Archived from the original on October 15 2017 Retrieved January 1 2018 a b Architecture 1924 pp 104 108 a b c d e f Huxtable Ada Louise July 3 1977 Architecture View The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 2 a b c d Hoak Edward Warren Church Willis Humphrey 2013 Masterpieces of American Architecture Courier Corporation p N A ISBN 978 0 486 14727 7 Retrieved January 1 2018 a b New York Marriott East Side The Skyscraper Center Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat CTBUH August 24 2020 Archived from the original on February 7 2023 Retrieved February 7 2023 Chase W Parker 1983 1932 New York the Wonder City New York New York Bound p 131 ISBN 978 0 9608788 2 6 OCLC 9946323 Archived from the original on April 18 2021 Retrieved May 6 2022 a b Knott Chain Sells the Hotel Shelton Louis Schleifer Buys 31 Story Building on Lexington Ave Assessed at 4 000 000 The New York Times April 15 1951 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 a b Operator Resells the Shelton Hotel Louis Schleifer Disposes of Big Lexington Ave Property I to Wien Syndicate The New York Times February 15 1953 p 1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 112617610 a b Wien Acquires Hotel Shelton in Investing Deal Lexington Ave Property Conveyed by Schleifer 79th St Suites Bought New York Herald Tribune February 15 1953 p 1C ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1313690061 a b c Hotel Shelton to Admit Women on Equality With Men Bachelors Find Eveless Retreat Wearisome and Prevail on the Management to Amend its Rules The New York Herald New York Tribune September 29 1924 p 10 ProQuest 1113169042 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 15 a b c Chave 1991 p 95 a b c d e f Architecture 1924 p 103 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 5 a b c Kimball Fiske October 28 1923 The New Towers of New York Architects Work Upon the Mountainous Sculptured Masses of the Narrow City The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 a b The Zoning Law in New York Novel Ties in Skyscrapers Manchester Guardian June 5 1924 p 7 ProQuest 476884543 a b c Bragdon 1925 p 3 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Architecture 1924 p 104 a b c d e f Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 3 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 pp 4 5 a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 pp 3 4 a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 13 a b c d Ashkenazy Deka put Marriott East Side on the market The Real Deal New York September 30 2016 Archived from the original on January 23 2018 Retrieved January 1 2018 a b c Schram Lauren Elkies September 29 2016 Deka Immobilien Ashkenazy Put New York Marriott East Side Up for Sale Commercial Observer Archived from the original on February 2 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 a b c Hotel Being Altered Owner of the Shelton Spending 65 000 for Improvements The New York Times September 15 1935 p RE4 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 101350391 a b c d New York Marriott East Side Oyster com December 7 2009 Archived from the original on February 7 2023 Retrieved February 7 2023 a b c Razzano Tiffany November 23 2005 East Side Marriot sold to fund for 287m Real Estate Weekly Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 via Free Online Library a b c d Fink Hotel Group Gets the Shelton Plans 500 000 Alterations on Building at Lexington Avenue and 49th Street The New York Times August 31 1954 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 The Romance of Steel The Independent Vol 115 no 3928 September 12 1925 p 293 ProQuest 90626592 a b Shelton Hotel Refinanced By 4 000 000 Loan at 5 The New York Times May 3 1928 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 Grand Central Terminal Interior PDF Report Landmarks Preservation Commission September 23 1980 p 5 Archived PDF from the original on December 8 2017 Retrieved February 12 2023 WGBH American Experience Grand Central PBS January 8 1902 Archived from the original on October 23 2015 Retrieved November 8 2015 Fifteen Killed in Rear End Collision Trains Crash in Darkness of Park Avenue Tunnel The New York Times January 9 1902 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 10 2018 Retrieved December 10 2018 Fifteen Killed Thirty Six Hurt New York Tribune January 9 1902 p 1 Archived from the original on December 10 2018 Retrieved December 10 2018 via newspapers com Grand Central Terminal opens Railway Age September 2006 p 78 ISSN 0033 8826 Modern Terminal Supplies Patrons with Home Comforts The New York Times February 2 1913 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on April 24 2022 Retrieved February 2 2018 Schlichting 2001 pp 188 Grand Central Zone Boasts Many Connected Buildings The New York Times September 14 1930 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 22 2020 Retrieved June 14 2020 Stern Robert A M Gilmartin Gregory Massengale John Montague 1983 New York 1900 Metropolitan Architecture and Urbanism 1890 1915 New York Rizzoli pp 353 354 ISBN 0 8478 0511 5 OCLC 9829395 Gray Christopher August 19 2010 Covering Its Tracks Paid Off Handsomely The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 17 2019 Retrieved December 10 2018 Fitch James Marston Waite Diana S 1974 Grand Central Terminal and Rockefeller Center A Historic critical Estimate of Their Significance Albany New York The Division p 6 Another Building for Terminal Zone 12 Story Commercial Structure to be Erected Opposite the Commodore Hotel The New York Times September 14 1920 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 17 2019 Retrieved October 17 2019 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 pp 6 7 Gray Christopher August 19 2010 Covering Its Tracks Paid Off Handsomely The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 17 2019 Retrieved December 10 2018 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 9 Stern Gilmartin amp Mellins 1987 p 206 How the Great Apartment Houses Have Paid The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide Vol 35 no 882 February 7 1885 pp 127 128 Archived from the original on May 6 2022 Retrieved May 6 2022 Stern Gilmartin amp Mellins 1987 pp 206 207 Stern Gilmartin amp Mellins 1987 p 207 Will Raise Level of Boxing Bouts International Sporting Club The New York Times December 14 1919 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 4 2023 Retrieved February 4 2023 I S C Site Goes on Block Today Property to Be Auctioned on Court Order but Club Itself May Bid It In The New York Times January 6 1922 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 4 2023 Retrieved February 4 2023 International Sporting Club Buyer The New York Times January 15 1922 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 4 2023 Retrieved February 4 2023 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 pp 8 9 a b Plans Skyscraper Hotel on Proposed Internat S C Site James T Lee to Erect Building of 30 or 31 Stories for Plot at Lexington Avenue and 38th Street New York Tribune March 28 1922 p 19 ProQuest 576587999 a b Plans Filed for Skyscraper Bachelors Apartment Hotel New York Tribune May 16 1922 p 17 ProQuest 576645573 Housing Operations Show Big Increase Many New Apartments for Fall Occupancy Great Building Activity on Upper Broadway and Two Tall Bachelor Hotels in Lexington Avenue Are Important East Side Improvements Work Started on 2 000 000 Structure as Additioan to Grand Central Palace The New York Times August 13 1922 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 4 2023 Retrieved February 4 2023 New York Adds to Hotel Space 12 New Hostelries Costing 35 000 000 Contain 6041 Rooms The Christian Science Monitor August 28 1923 p 6 ProQuest 510847839 a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 9 a b Expansion of Trade on Lex1ngton Avenue Thoroughfare Witnessing a Transformation Similar to Madison Avenue The New York Times March 11 1923 p REA2 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 103222721 Thirty story Hotel for Lexington Av Will Occupy the Site Formerly Owned by International Sporting Club The New York Times May 5 1922 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 New York to Build Skyscraper for Men The Christian Science Monitor May 5 1922 p 9 ProQuest 510618412 Plans for Big Hotel Filed The New York Times May 16 1922 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 Lexington Avenue as Hotel Centre New Hostelries There Likely to Ease Traffic Congestion in Old Section The New York Times October 20 1929 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 5 2023 Retrieved February 5 2023 U s Order Forbids Rum for Philippines Consuls Must Not Clear Wet Cargoes Gen Wood Holds Dry Law Not in Force The Washington Post September 24 1924 p 1 ISSN 0190 8286 ProQuest 149444840 Hotel for the Bachelor Opens Its Doors to Women The New York Times October 12 1924 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 2 2023 Retrieved February 2 2023 Miss Hertle Stars In Backstroke in Hotel Shelton Pool The New York Herald New York Tribune November 20 1924 p 18 ProQuest 1113066692 a b c d e f g h i j Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 14 Five Firms Form Great Hotel Chain Shelton Is Keystone of New Continental Leland Corporation s 20 000 000 Project The New York Times November 7 1925 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 4 2023 Retrieved February 4 2023 Five Companies Form New Hotel Corporation Continental Leland Will Take Over Large Chain With Shelton as the Keystone The New York Herald New York Tribune November 7 1925 p 21 ProQuest 1112854199 4 Million Loan Is Placed on Shelton Hotel Real Estate Transactions and Projects Reported From the City and Suburban Fields 10 Year Mortgage at 5 to Hughes amp Hammond 2 500 000 Leasehold Loan New York Herald Tribune May 3 1928 p 45 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1113428445 Knott Operating Shelton Hotel The New York Times March 9 1935 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 5 2023 Retrieved February 5 2023 Shelton Hotel Acquired By Knott Organization New York Herald Tribune March 9 1935 p 28 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1242873535 Knott Hotels Company Will Remodel Shelton New York Herald Tribune September 15 1935 p I1 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1221749584 Hotel Taken Over at Auction Sale The Shelton at Lexington Av and 49th St Is Bid In by Insurance Company The New York Times October 10 1935 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 Hotel Shelton Taken Over by New York Life Insurance Company Get Structure for 300 000 Over 3 640 000 Lie New York Herald Tribune October 10 1935 p 38 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1222088713 Richman Daniel February 18 1939 Night clubs vaudeville Shelton Corner Hotel Shelton New York The Billboard Vol 51 no 7 p 20 ProQuest 1032181786 Landmarks Preservation Commission 2016 p 18 Hotel Shelton Cost Knott 3 350 000 New York Herald Tribune May 10 1946 p 39 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1284521958 East Side Deals Filed Hotel Shelton and Third Avenue Suites Are Transferred The New York Times May 10 1946 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 5 2023 Retrieved February 5 2023 Title is Closed on Shelton Hotel Schleifer Plans to Hold It as Investment kenmore Hall is Leased by Detroit Group The New York Times August 7 1951 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 Named Manager at Shelton The New York Times August 17 1951 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 Leasehold is Sold on Hotel Shelton Louis Schleifer in 21 year Deal Involving 10 500 000 Housing Transactions Reported The New York Times March 5 1952 p 49 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 112407959 Hotel Shelton Leasehold Sold New York Herald Tribune March 5 1952 p 39 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1319926214 Shelton s Ballroom To Be a Darkroom The New York Times December 30 1956 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 a b Hotel Deal Slated Contract to Buy Lease on the Shelton Is Negotiated The New York Times April 29 1957 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 a b Syndicate Takes Shelton Lease New York Herald Tribune May 12 1957 p C1 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1324037498 Buys Shelton Lease New York Herald Tribune April 29 1957 p A6 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1327357035 Coast Firm Rents Pool In Shelton Tanny Co Plans First N Y Salon New York Herald Tribune March 16 1958 p 1C ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1342305368 Chain Site Hunt is Intricate Job Problems of Finding Right Spots and Realty Cited in Tanny Expansion The New York Times May 27 1958 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 a b Lewis Milton January 21 1959 Former Judge Indicted In 318 000 Loan Fraud New York Herald Tribune p 1 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1326286402 a b Roth Jack January 21 1959 Ex Judge Is Indicted in Larceny Of 318 000 to Finance a Hotel The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Folsom Merrill January 20 1959 Mystery Shrouds Bank Fraud Case Shelton Towers Involved in Westchester Loan Puzzle The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Esterow Milton January 24 1959 Ex convict Held in Swindle Case Manager of Shelton Towers Surrenders as Witness in Brenner Loan Inquiry The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Ex Convict Is Held As Aid of Brenner Was Hired To Manage Hotel New York Herald Tribune January 24 1959 p 3 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1337786797 Long Adam F January 14 1960 Brenner Guilty Plea Halts Fraud Trial The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Crist Judith January 14 1960 Ex Judge Brenner 2 Aids Plead Guilty in Fraud Case New York Herald Tribune p 13 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1327149538 2 in Hotel Swindle Sentenced Anew The New York Times April 23 1960 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 2 Brenner Aids Are Sentenced In Westchester New York Herald Tribune April 23 1960 p 4 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1327176947 Brenner is Given 4 to 7 year Term Secretary Gets 18 Months for Her Part in Forgery and Grand Larceny The New York Times February 25 1960 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Brenner Gets 4 to 7 Years In Fraudulent Stock Deal New York Herald Tribune February 25 1960 p 5 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1326074779 Shelton Towers Is Sub Leased The New York Times December 8 1959 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 3 2023 Retrieved February 3 2023 Loan is Arranged for L I Building 3 5 Million Lent on Office Structure in Hempstead The New York Times February 10 1965 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Robbins William July 29 1966 News of Realty Broadway Deal Corner Parcel at 62d St Is Sold to Investing Group The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Robbins William February 6 1968 News of Realty 63 Wall St Sold Goldman and DiLorenzo Buy 35 Story Office Building The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Lardine Bob March 24 1968 Exercise or die New York Daily News pp 256 257 258 259 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 via newspapers com Clines Francis X October 28 1965 News of Realty 2 Lose Licenses Untrustworthiness Laid to Men Linked to Mafia The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 a b c d e f g h Oser Alan S April 7 1976 About Real Estate The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Fowler Glenn June 9 1970 Foreign Fund to Aid Building in Midtown Of Two Skyscrapers The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 a b c Mifflin Lawrie July 9 1974 These Elderly Tenants Would Like to Be in Hot Water New York Daily News p 109 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 via newspapers com Arlen Realty Moves Into Dallas Project The New York Times May 16 1971 p R10 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 119312026 Fowler Glenn January 10 1971 Hotel Occupancy in City Continues Slide The New York Times p R1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 119317785 a b c Horsley Carter B October 6 1974 Tishman Selling Part Of Midtown Assemblage The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 2 2023 Retrieved February 2 2023 News of the Realty Trade The New York Times October 27 1974 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 a b Moritz Owen December 26 1975 Project Poops Out So 8 Languish in Hotel Limbo New York Daily News p 49 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 via newspapers com Tishman Realty Drops Project and Expects To Report a Deficit Wall Street Journal December 10 1975 p 33 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 133951066 a b c Klemesrud Judy July 30 1976 8 Holdout Tenants at Closed Shelton Towers Win 5 Year Fight The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 News of the Realty Trade The New York Times October 17 1976 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Moritz Owen October 14 1976 Hotel Boom Shapes Up Along Lex New York Daily News p 513 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 via newspapers com Industrial Incentive Board Gives Some Exemptions on Realty Tax The New York Times February 25 1977 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 Geline Robert February 23 1977 Hotel Boro Tool Plant Get Tax Incentives New York Daily News p 514 Archived from the original on February 6 2023 Retrieved February 6 2023 via newspapers com Starrett Housing Contract Wall Street Journal April 12 1977 p 3 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 134175369 Moritz Owen April 12 1977 Shelton Conversion to Begin 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Percival Marianne S Postal Matthew A November 22 2016 Hotel Shelton PDF Report New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Schlichting Kurt C 2001 Grand Central Terminal Railroads Architecture and Engineering in New York Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978 0 8018 6510 7 The Shelton Arthur Loomis Harmon Architect Architecture Vol 49 no 4 April 1924 This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Stern Robert A M Gilmartin Patrick Mellins Thomas 1987 New York 1930 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars New York Rizzoli ISBN 978 0 8478 3096 1 OCLC 13860977 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title New York Marriott East Side amp oldid 1141253290, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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