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Manila hostage crisis

March 03, 2023

The Manila hostage crisis, officially known as the Rizal Park hostage-taking incident,[3] took place when a disgruntled former Philippine National Police officer named Rolando Mendoza hijacked a tourist bus in Rizal Park, Manila, Philippines, on August 23, 2010. The bus carried 25 people: 20 tourists, a tour guide from Hong Kong, and four local Filipinos. Mendoza claimed that he had been unfairly dismissed from his job, and demanded a fair hearing to defend himself.[4][5]

Manila hostage crisis
The bus on which the hostages were held captive
LocationQuirino Grandstand, Rizal Park, Manila, Philippines
Coordinates14°34′48″N 120°58′28″E / 14.58000°N 120.97444°E / 14.58000; 120.97444Coordinates: 14°34′48″N 120°58′28″E / 14.58000°N 120.97444°E / 14.58000; 120.97444
DateAugust 23, 2010; 12 years ago (2010-08-23)
10:00 a.m. – 9:00 p.m. (UTC+08:00)
TargetHong Kong tourists on board a bus
Attack type
Hostage crisis, siege, mass murder
Weapons
Deaths9 (including the perpetrator)[1][2]
Injured9 (7 hostages and 2 bystanders)
PerpetratorRolando Mendoza[2]

Negotiations (which were broadcast live on television and the internet) broke down dramatically about ten hours into the stand-off, when the police arrested Mendoza's brother and thus incited Mendoza to open fire.[6] The bus driver managed to escape, and declared "Everyone is dead" before he was moved away by policemen.[7] Following a 90-minute gun battle, Mendoza and eight of the hostages were killed and several others injured.[8]

The Philippine and Hong Kong governments conducted separate investigations into the incident. Both inquiries concluded that the Philippine officials' poor handling of the situation caused the eight hostages' deaths.[9][10] The assault mounted by the Manila Police District (MPD), and the resulting shoot-out, have been widely criticized by pundits as "bungled" and "incompetent",[11] and the Hong Kong Government has issued a "black" travel alert for the Philippines as a result of the affair.[12]

Perpetrator

Rolando del Rosario Mendoza (January 10, 1955 – August 23, 2010), born in Naic, Cavite, graduated from the Philippine College of Criminology with a degree in criminology, joined the Philippine National Police force as a patrolman in April 1981, and rose to become police captain.[13] He was decorated 17 times for bravery and honor, and was described by colleagues as hard-working and kind.[4] In February 1986, Mendoza led a group of policemen that accosted a van carrying 13 crates full of money, which former Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos was apparently trying to smuggle out of the country. Mendoza and his team turned the shipment over to authorities,[4] for which he was declared one of the Ten Outstanding Policemen of the Philippines by the Jaycees International that year.[13]

On April 9, 2008, hotel chef Christian Kalaw alleged that he was accosted by Mendoza and several other officers over a parking violation. Kalaw alleged that the police planted sachets of methamphetamine in his car, forced him to take the drug, and accused him of being a drug addict. The officers also allegedly demanded Kalaw access his bank ATM and hand over money. Kalaw said the policemen released him after a friend raised 20,000 pesos on his behalf. The Office of the Ombudsman found Mendoza and four others guilty of misconduct, and ordered Mendoza's dismissal from the service and the voiding of all his benefits.[4]

In late April 2008, he was relieved as Chief of the Mobile Patrol Unit. In August 2008, the Eighth Division of the Manila Prosecutors' Office vacated the case after Kalaw failed to attend the dismissal proceedings, and in October the PNP Internal Affairs Service recommended the case be dropped. Mendoza was later dismissed from the police force in February 2009 on charges of extortion. Mendoza's brothers, Gregorio and Florencio, later stated that all his brother wanted was a fair hearing by the Ombudsman, who "never even gave him a chance to defend himself; they [just] immediately dismissed him."[4]

There were later reports that Mendoza was also charged with gang rape in a 1996 incident, but the case was dismissed when the complainants did not show up at court.[14]

Personal life

He was married to Aurrora Mendoza and had three children: Andrew (born 1977), a seaman, Mary Grace (born 1983), a call center agent, and Bismark (born 1984), an Inspector and deputy chief of the Bangued police in Abra province. Mendoza was shot and killed by a sniper during the hostage crisis and was pronounced dead on August 23, 2010. He was 55 years old.

Hijacking

Boarding

 
 
Bus
 
Manila Police HQ
 
Ombudsman
 
Ospital ng Maynila
 
PGH
class=notpageimage|
Locations of key places during the hostage crisis. Rizal Park is about 10 km away from the Office of the Ombudsman.

On the morning of August 23, 2010, Mendoza attempted to board a Hong Thai Travel Services tour bus as it was taking on riders. Mendoza requested a free ride, and when he was declined by the driver, Mendoza brandished a weapon, handcuffed the driver to the steering wheel and hijacked the bus.[15] There are conflicting reports as to whether Mendoza boarded in front of Quirino Grandstand at Rizal Park, or at Fort Santiago; a number of witnesses saw a man answering Mendoza's description boarding the bus at the latter location.[6][16]

In any event, Mendoza, armed with a handgun and an M16 rifle,[17] commandeered the tour bus, demanded reinstatement to his previous post with benefits,[7] and claimed he was framed. Alfredo Lim, Mayor of Manila, said he would grant Mendoza's wish to be reinstated if he could prove his case.[18]

Masa Tse Ting-chunn, the bus's tour guide, immediately called his agency in Hong Kong shortly after 10:30 am. During the two-minute conversation, Tse calmly informed the customer services manager that his group was being held hostage.[15] Initial media reports were confusing and contradictory; the suspect was alternatively identified as "Ronaldo", "Rolando" and "Reynaldo"; and the hostages aboard were initially reported to be South Koreans[19] before they were confirmed to be mostly from Hong Kong.

Negotiations

Almost an hour later, six Hong Kong tourists were freed: an elderly couple, a woman with two young children, and a 12-year-old boy.[20] Two Filipino photographers boarded the bus as volunteer hostages in exchange for the releases.[3][21]

By noon, three additional hostages, including the Filipino tour guide and the two photographers who volunteered to be taken hostage, had also been released.[3] TV5 news anchor Erwin Tulfo remained in contact with Mendoza, while superintendent Orlando Yebra and chief inspector Romeo Salvador led negotiations. Seventeen people remained on the bus.[22] By this time, television channels all over the world were preempting their programs with non-stop live coverage of the hostage situation. Philippine television stations ABS-CBN, GMA, TV5 and government-run NBN (now PTV), as well as Hong Kong television station TVB, and television news channels RT, Al Jazeera, France 24, BBC World News, MSNBC, Fox News Channel, and CNN, all provided live coverage.[23] However, because the news networks were filming police activity, and the bus was equipped with a television, the gunman was able to watch the police action and determine the locations of snipers.[22][24] At around 2 pm, Mendoza posted several notes on the windows, which read "A big mistake to correct. A big wrong decision", "Big deal will start after 3 pm today" and "3 pm deadlock".[25]

Shortly after sundown, the Office of the Ombudsman denied Mendoza's request to be reinstated to the police force, but assured him that his case would be reopened. Manila Vice-Mayor Isko Moreno delivered the Ombudsman's letter to the hostage scene.[26] Mendoza called the Ombudsman's decision "garbage", claiming that it did not answer his demands.[6] Mayor Lim later claimed on local radio that authorities[who?] had agreed to reinstate Mendoza to bring an end to the crisis, but had not been able to deliver the message due to bad traffic.[27][28]

When the Manila Police District (MPD) SWAT team arrived, Mendoza declared in a radio interview with DZXL that he would kill the passengers if the SWAT team did not leave.[29] His brother, SPO2 Gregorio Mendoza, walked out after trying to negotiate with him. He urged Mendoza to surrender peacefully, saying, "Nothing [bad] will happen here."[30] Gregorio Mendoza was then arrested for breaching the exclusion zone while carrying a gun, as he did not have the MPD's approval to assist in the negotiations.[31][32] President Aquino later said that the gunman's brother had contributed to the deterioration of the situation, by fanning Mendoza's hatred of the negotiators.[27]

Assault

Mendoza became agitated when he witnessed live coverage of his brother's arrest from the bus television. Reports indicated that Mendoza fired warning shots as he saw his brother being carried away.[33] Mendoza demanded that the police release his brother, or else he would start executing hostages, and a few minutes later claimed on live radio that he had, indeed, already shot two hostages.[34][35]

The first shots fired from within the bus were heard at about 7:21 pm. At around the same time, it was reported that snipers had shot the tires immobilizing the bus after it had attempted to move.[31][36] Mendoza first killed Masa Tse, the tour leader whom he had handcuffed to the door handrail earlier.[37] According to survivor Joe Chan Kwok-chu, several hostages tried to rush Mendoza as he was preparing to shoot the other hostages, but he shot them down before they could reach him.[38]

At around 7:30 pm, bus driver Alberto Lubang escaped the bus. Thinking that all remaining hostages had died, Lubang cried "Patay na lahat...!" ("Everyone is dead...!") to the policemen and media.[6][7] He later admitted that his assumption was based on witnessing Mendoza shoot three hostages and firing additional shots at others.[6]

Mendoza then began shooting the rest of the hostages one by one, aiming at each of their heads.[38] Amy Leung Ng Yau-woon told of how her husband Ken Leung Kam-wing shielded her with his body and saved her from harm while sacrificing his own life.[39] Similarly, their daughter Jessie Leung Song-yi took two bullets while protecting her older brother, and died as a result.[40] Passenger Joe Chan shielded himself from Mendoza's gunfire with his backpack and survived, but both of his wrists were shattered.[38] Chan's traveling companion was seriously injured by a gunshot to her chin.[1]

The SWAT team started to surround the bus at 7:37 pm.[36] The team failed to enter the bus for nearly an hour. Initial attempts to break the shatter-resistant Plexiglass windows with a sledgehammer failed. At 7:45 pm, a rope was tied to the front doors of the bus, which snapped when they attempted to pull the door open.[41]

After running out of choices, they threw two canisters of tear gas inside and Mendoza stepped out of the bus. Snipers, who had taken positions earlier in the day, ultimately shot Mendoza in the head after he exited the bus, killing him instantly. By that time, however, four more hostages were confirmed dead, while only six hostages were confirmed alive and not seriously injured.[42] Two other people outside the bus – 47-year-old TVB news crew engineer Wen Ming, and child bystander Mike Ladrillo y Campanero – were wounded by stray bullets.[15][43][44]

Aftermath

Hostages

Six of the surviving hostages were taken to Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center, where two later died;[42] two were taken to the Philippine General Hospital;[45] the remaining seven hostages were taken to Manila Doctors Hospital.[46] There were eight fatalities in total. The 13 survivors had injuries which ranged from minor to substantial.[47]

Because the bus driver Alberto Lubang had escaped the bus minutes before the situation deteriorated, despite his claim that he had been handcuffed to the steering wheel, suspicions arose that he was in fact the gunman's accomplice,[48] which Lubang denied.[6] He claimed to have unlocked his handcuffs using nail cutters.[49] However, on August 27, 2010, Lubang and his family were reported missing and had fled their home, possibly going into hiding.[50] Yet, on September 7, 2010, he was reported to be present at a hearing of the investigative committee.[51]

The list of the eight identified victims[1][52] included Masa Tse Ting Chunn [zh; zh-yue] (謝廷駿), Ken Leung Kam-wing (梁錦榮), his two daughters Doris Leung Chung-see (梁頌詩), 21, and Jessie Leung Song-yi (梁頌儀), 14 (his son Jason Leung Song-xue (梁頌學) was seriously injured)[53] Wong Tze-lam (汪子林) and his wife Yeung Yee-wa (楊綺華) and her sister Yeung Yee-kam (楊綺琴); and Fu Cheuk-yan (傅卓仁).[54]

Donald Tsang, Chief Executive of Hong Kong, offered for the eight victims to be buried in the Tribute Garden [zh] (景仰園), a part of Wo Hop Shek Public Cemetery designated for Hongkongers who showed extraordinary acts of bravery to save others.[55] Fu and the three members of the Wong family accepted the offer and were buried at Tribute Garden.[56][clarification needed] On July 1, 2011, Masa Tse, Fu Cheuk-yan and Ken Leung Kam-wing were all posthumously awarded the gold medal for Bravery by the Hong Kong government.[57] Mendoza's parents apologized and begged forgiveness from the Hong Kong government for their son's actions.[citation needed]

Investigations by the Philippine government

President Aquino ordered a thorough investigation, and for a report to be issued within three weeks. The investigation was held by the Post Critical Incident Management Committee (PCIMC), under the auspices of the Joint Incident Investigation and Review Committee (JIIRC), headed by former Secretary of Justice Leila de Lima and Prosecution/Investigation team led by Cielito Celi.[58] As a gesture of transparency towards the Hong Kong government, the Aquino government invited the Hong Kong Police Force to send a team to observe the investigation.[59][60] De Lima declared a gag order to cover all parties and departments, including the Hong Kong team examining evidence on the ground.[58]

Preliminary results of the official investigation were released on August 31, 2010. Ballistic tests showed that the deceased hostages' wounds were caused by a high-calibre weapon fired from within the coach. Of the 65 recovered M16 rifle cartridges from the coach, 58 came from Mendoza's gun, making it nearly certain that the eight deceased hostages were killed by Mendoza.[61] However, on September 3, 2010, De Lima admitted that the police might have accidentally shot some of the hostages.[62]

After the completion of the initial inquiry on September 15, 2010, the JIIRC traveled to Hong Kong to interview survivors.[63] The report was delivered first to the Chinese embassy in Manila on September 20, 2010, before being released to the general public, in an attempt to "repair the nation's relations with China".[9]

The official report identified eight critical errors of the handling of the hostage crisis:[64]

  • Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim failed to properly activate the crisis management committee, depriving the chief negotiator and others of critical information and operational intelligence.
  • The authorities were unable to appreciate Mendoza's demands, and there was a lack of communication with and involvement of the Department of Justice.
  • Gregorio Mendoza was allowed to join the negotiating team.
  • The side-issue of Gregorio Mendoza had been allowed to preoccupy Lim, Rodolfo Magtibay and Chief negotiator Orlando Yebra at a critical moment, setting off a chain of events that led to Mendoza becoming "fatally hostile".
  • Lim decided to arrest Gregorio Mendoza.
  • Lim and Magtibay were absent from the command post at a crucial time, having a meal, which created a decision-making vacuum.
  • "The inefficient, disorganised and stalled assault" took place without "vital information" about the bus. Magtibay rejected an order from the Philippine National Police director for Manila to use the national elite Special Action Force.
  • There was no plan for what to do after the assault and the crime scene was not preserved.

The report also recommended administrative or criminal charges for 15 individuals and organizations, including Manila mayor Alfredo Lim, vice-mayor Isko Moreno, Ombudsmen Merceditas Gutierrez and Emilio Gonzales III, government undersecretary Rico Puno, retired Philippine National Police chief director general Jesus Verzosa, National Capital Region Police Office director Leocadio Santiago Jr., Manila Police District chief superintendent Rodolfo Magtibay, MPD hostage negotiator Orlando Yebra, SWAT Colonel Nelson Yabut and commander Santiago Pascual, journalists Erwin Tulfo and Mike Rogas, and three broadcasting networks.[9]

On March 31, 2011, Ombudsman Emilio Gonzales was dismissed by President Aquino for his "inordinate and unjustified delay" in handling Mendoza's appeal.[65] Gonzales was the first individual to receive direct sanction from the Philippine government in connection with the incident.[66] He appealed the decision, claiming that he was "prejudged guilty before the investigation started".[67]

Investigations by the Hong Kong government

On August 25, 2010, the bodies of the victims were brought back to Hong Kong on a government-chartered flight.[68] The Coroner decided that an investigation into their deaths should be carried out, and ordered autopsies on all eight bodies. Five bodies were ultimately autopsied; the remaining three were not autopsied by requests from their families.[69]

The Hong Kong Government invited 116 Philippine witnesses to participate in their investigation, which began on February 14, 2011.[70] Among those invited were Gregorio Mendoza, the hostage-taker's brother, Manila mayor Alfredo Lim, Vice-Mayor Isko Moreno, reporters who covered the incident, members of the SWAT team and a number of forensic experts.[71] Lim and Moreno rejected the invitation. They claimed that, rather than conduct another probe, Hong Kong should respect the conclusion of the Philippines' investigation that Mendoza was responsible for the deaths. They claimed that the Hong Kong probe was an encroachment of Philippine sovereignty and independence.[72]

The Hong Kong investigation interviewed 31 witnesses from Hong Kong and 10 from the Philippines.[10] The coroner's five-member jury had to answer "yes", "no", or "uncertain" to a list of 44 statements, a method that was unique to Hong Kong's history and procedures.[73] The narrative verdict found that all eight victims were "unlawfully killed" and blamed the Philippine authorities' incompetent handling of the crisis as a direct cause of their deaths, although it declined to attribute any criminal or civil liability.[10]

Compensation issue

In August 2011, two survivors of the crisis, Joe Chan Kwok-chu (陳國柱) and Yik Siu-ling (易小玲), along with Tse Che-kin, brother of Masa Tse, met with the Philippine government officials to discuss compensation. Chief executive Donald Tsang refused to intervene, labeling it a civil case.[74] Democratic Party lawmaker James To had assisted Chan and Yik in their plea for legal aid, which was expensive and complicated.[75] During the visit by Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada and Cabinet Secretary Almendras to meet with the victims and Hong Kong officials, the latter had stated that a "token of solidarity" will be given to the victims and their families.[76] It, however, was not officially addressed as compensation money.[76]

In 2014, the Hong Kong government, the Philippine government and victims’ families reached an agreement under which an undisclosed amount of compensation was paid by Manila to the victims' families.[77][78]

Reactions

Chinese government

Chinese foreign minister Yang Jiechi stated that he was "appalled" by the event,[79] and sent a team to the Philippines to "deal with the situation".[79] China's state-run Global Times called the Philippines "one of the most chaotic countries in Southeast Asia" following the shootings.[80]

Additionally, the Chinese consul in the Philippines asked for a written statement of accountability from the Philippine government,[81] and rejected the explanation given by President Benigno Aquino III at an August 24, 2010, press conference.[82] Plans for a delegation led by Philippine vice-president Jejomar Binay to visit Beijing and Hong Kong on August 26–27, 2010 to soothe tensions and "explain the hostage incident" was rejected by the Chinese government, pending the outcome of a complete investigation report.[83]

On August 27, 2010, the Chinese embassy in the Philippines expressed anger at the Mendoza family's decision to cover Mendoza's coffin with the Flag of the Philippines during his wake.[84]

Hong Kong government

 
The condolence desk of Mongkok community center, August 26
 
The memorial stage at Statue Square, Central, Hong Kong, August 27

The Hong Kong government had wanted to resolve the hostage situation in a peaceful manner. Its Security Bureau formed a taskforce, and sent officers to Manila to assist the hostage rescue efforts.[85] Immediately following the assault, however, the Security Bureau announced a 'black' outbound travel alert for the Philippines, (this lasted until August 2014) and Hong Kong residents were advised against traveling there, while residents already in the Philippines were advised to return to Hong Kong as soon as possible.[12] Hong Kong officials also announced that visa-free privileges for Philippine diplomats and officials would be revoked after February 5, 2014.[86]

Donald Tsang, the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, offered his condolences to the victims' families, stating that the Chinese government would do anything within its power to aid and rehabilitate the survivors and their families.[87] He complained that he had not been able to get through to President Aquino by telephone during the siege, and criticized the way the siege was handled.[88] The government chartered two airplanes carrying doctors and counsellors to Manila to support the survivors of the incident, and to fly the Hong Kong victims home.[79] The bodies of all eight victims, along with most of the survivors, were returned to Hong Kong on August 25, 2010.[68] A memorial ceremony was held as the victims arrived on the tarmac of Hong Kong International Airport, attended, amongst others, by Chief Secretary for Administration Henry Tang and Secretary for Security Ambrose Lee.[89]

All Hong Kong SAR flags at official locations were lowered to half-mast from August 24 to 26,[90][91] and the nightly multimedia display "A Symphony of Lights" was suspended[92] to mourn the victims; all Chinese national flags in Hong Kong were also lowered to half-mast.[93] The Hong Kong Stock Exchange held a minute's silence before opening on August 24.[94] The government announced the opening of 18 locations around Hong Kong where citizens could pay their respects and sign condolence books.

A visit by Mayor Estrada and Cabinet Secretary Almendras helped to ease the situation where Hong Kong officials agreed to end sanctions placed on the Philippines.[76]

Philippine government

President Benigno Aquino III expressed his condolences to the victims and promised a "thorough investigation". While he was not impressed with the manner the police handled the crisis,[12][95] he defended the actions of the police, stating that the gunman had not shown any signs of wanting to harm the hostages.[12] He also made reference to the Moscow theater hostage crisis, which he said resulted in "more severe" casualties despite Russia's "resources and sophistication".[96] In addition, he declared that the news media may have worsened the situation by giving the shooter "a bird's-eye view of the entire situation".[97]

After Aquino's comments, a number of Hong Kong residents posted angry messages to his official Facebook page, some of which accused Aquino of smiling during the press conference.[98] Aquino subsequently apologized, saying it was an expression of exasperation.[99] On September 5, 2010, Aquino said (in Filipino), "Our problems now, in two or three years we can say that they are laughable when we recall that they were not that grave."[100]

On September 9, 2010, Aquino revealed that he had received a letter from the Hong Kong Government, which gave instructions to the Philippine government in "minute detail"; Aquino regarded the letter as insulting,[101] which the Hong Kong Government denied.[102] As to Donald Tsang's claim that he could not reach Aquino by telephone during the siege, Aquino said that Tsang should have followed protocol in trying to contact him,[103] and claimed that he had tried to contact Tsang the next day.[101]

The decision to arrest Mendoza's brother during the negotiation process was questioned. Manila Police District director Rodolfo Magtibay[104] said that Mayor Lim, as head of the crisis management committee, gave the order to arrest Gregorio Mendoza[105] – a move which caused distress in the gunman and allegedly triggered him to shoot the hostages.[38] Manila Vice-Mayor Isko Moreno told CNN that Mendoza's brother was guilty of conspiring with the hostage-taker and allegedly helped instigate the shooting.[97]

MPD commander Leocadio Santiago, while agreeing with the decision to put the assault on hold until Mendoza had started shooting hostages,[12] admitted that mistakes were made.[47] Senior Supt. Agrimero Cruz Jr., spokesman for the national police, said five general lapses were observed by the PNP Command Group and Staff:[37] poor handling of the hostage negotiation; side issues and events that further agitated the hostage taker; inadequate planning of the assault, and lack of team capability, skills and equipment; improper crowd control; and non-compliance with media relations procedures in hostage taking.[37] Interior secretary Jesse Robredo, who is in charge of the national police, also admitted problems with how the crisis was handled. Manila Police District director Rodolfo Magtibay, as commander of the rescue operation, took leave and four members of the SWAT team were suspended, pending investigation.[106]

Several members of the House of Representatives condemned the hostage-taking while criticizing how the MPD handled the situation:[107] Representative Gabriel Luis Quisumbing (Lakas-Kampi, Cebu–6th) blamed the non-stop media coverage, saying the live coverage "may have jeopardized police rescue operations on site" and authored a bill to constrain media coverage so as not to hinder or obstruct such rescue efforts.[108] Rodolfo Biazon (Liberal, Muntinlupa) blamed the outcome of the incident on the unclear MPD command structure.[109]

The Philippines planned to send a high-level delegation to China to meet and explain to officials there what happened in the hostage crisis. However, the schedule of this delegation could not be confirmed by Beijing government. Instead, Beijing urged the Philippines to submit a "comprehensive, precise, objective" investigation report.[110]

In his Proclamation 23, President Aquino declared August 25, 2010, a National Day of Mourning for those killed. All Philippine flags at all government institutions, including consulates and embassies worldwide, would be flown half-mast.[111][112]

A hearing into the crisis was conducted by the Senate Committee on Public Order and Illegal Drugs on August 26.[113] During the hearing, police operatives revealed that Mendoza was reading the letter from the Office of the Ombudsman to an unknown person over the phone before the violence began, and subpoenaed the records of the telephone conversation.[114] It was further revealed that Rodolfo Magtibay, ground commander during the crisis, had an elite team of Special Action Force of the Philippine National Police at his disposal, but chose to utilize the SWAT team instead because his team had successfully rehearsed the storming that afternoon.[115] The counter-terrorist unit from the national police were on standby behind the grandstand; the Philippine Army Light Reaction Company had also offered one of its elite squads, trained in hostage-taking scenarios and fighting Islamist militants in the southern Philippines, but was told by police it was not needed.[116]

On August 30, 2010, a Philippine consulate official in Hong Kong appealed to Filipinos to postpone trips to Hong Kong indefinitely, citing anti-Filipino sentiments in Hong Kong. Claro Cristobal, Philippine Consul General in Hong Kong, said in a radio interview that although Filipinos in Hong Kong could be assured of safety, Filipinos traveling to Hong Kong for vacation may be troubled by angry sentiments there.[117]

Other governments

Canadian Foreign Minister Lawrence Cannon issued a statement on August 24, 2010, expressing Ottawa's condolences to the families and friends of those who died.[118] The Canadian government confirmed that five hostages were Canadian nationals.[119]

The British government's Foreign and Commonwealth Office confirmed that the released elderly hostages, Yick-Biu Li and Fung-Kwan Li, both British Citizens, were unharmed.[120] The Union flag at British Consulate-General Hong Kong and British Embassy Manila were lowered to half-mast to honor their former colony on August 25, 2010.[121]

The U.S. embassy in Manila condemned Mendoza for taking "innocent tourists hostages in an effort to redress a professional grievance."[122]

Philippine media and public

 
 
Mourning posters in English (left) and Chinese (right) were hung where the incident occurred.

The aftermath of the hostage crisis was met with shock and dismay throughout the Philippines.[123][124] Comments ranged from shame, sadness, and sympathy for the hostage victims; anger mixed with a sense of disbelief at the perpetrator Rolando Mendoza, the police force for its apparent bungling, and media for its overzealous coverage; and concern over the damage to the image of the country as a tourist destination and the safety and well-being of Filipinos overseas who might experience backlash over the incident.[125][126]

Columnist Conrado De Quiros, writing in The Philippine Daily Inquirer, expressed how "deeply, deeply ashamed" he felt over the incident.[127] In a follow up column, he castigated Mendoza as a "traitor", adding that "to bury him in a pauper's grave will insult paupers".[128] Columnist Alex Magno in The Philippine Star wrote about the "immaturity" of the diplomatic response of the newly installed Aquino administration in what was commonly seen as its first serious leadership test of the administration, in its first one hundred days in office. Magno listed a string of mistakes from the administration, starting with how it failed to initiate contact with the Hong Kong government, to how it insulted the Hong Kong Chief Executive by not promptly responding to his call, and then later unilaterally announcing the sending of a high level delegation to the Hong Kong and Chinese governments in what Magno interpreted as a damage control measure without first confirming that Hong Kong and the PRC would receive the delegation.[129] Magno sees the Chinese as responding with the diplomatic equivalent of "the penalty of death by a thousand cuts."[130] John Nery writing in The Philippine Daily Inquirer said it was indeed appropriate for Aquino to have kept his distance from the crisis management, despite the hands-on approach the general public was demanding with hindsight; he said the skepticism directed towards the Aquino administration was not being applied equally to the Tsang administration's account of trying unsuccessfully to reach Aquino since 4 pm.[131] Analysts agreed that the Aquino administration's approval rating would fall, if not for the handling of the hostage taking crisis, then from a natural move off the high it was coming from.[132]

Manila Mayor and Former President of the Philippines, Joseph Ejercito Estrada's journey to Hong Kong has been met with good reception from the public, although there were others who objected to his trip since President Aquino should have done the trip as head of state.[133]

President Rodrigo Duterte made a formal apology for the crisis during his official trip to Hong Kong on April 12, 2018.[134]

Hong Kong media and public

Most Hong Kong newspapers reported the Manila assault on front pages; some local newspapers changed their logo colors to black on their front covers. The Manila police and the Philippines government were strongly criticized for their handling of the situation.[135][136] All television channels in Hong Kong broadcast devoted significant coverage to the hijacking, and its aftermath. Wall-to-wall live coverage, between 6 pm and 9 pm, made it the single incident with the most live television news coverage in Hong Kong since the September 11 attacks on New York.[137] Google displayed a plain white Google Doodle on google.com.hk out of respect for the dead on August 24.[138]

Apple Daily, which likened the Philippine police to a troop of Boy Scouts in terms of competence,[139] also criticized the Chinese government for acting too slowly to protect lives.[140] The Hong Kong Economic Journal criticized the Manila Police for their "appalling professional standards, and the lack of strategic planning"; The Standard said Philippine authorities were accountable.[141]

The Sun pointed out there was a lone counsel in Manila acting on behalf of China until after the siege had ended, and speculated that more hostages could have been saved had higher-level diplomatic pressure been applied earlier.[142]

In light of the hostage incident, considerable public anger was vented against the Philippine authorities. In Hong Kong, there was concern about anti-Filipino sentiments.[143][144] A text message circulated widely among Filipinos said that 30 Filipino domestic workers had been sacked, some of them had even been stabbed and killed,[144] but Claro Cristobal, Philippine consul general in Hong Kong, dismissed the rumors and rumor-mongering. Cristobal said that two domestic helpers out of more than 100,000 were sacked but for reasons completely unrelated to the hostages incident. He said stories about hate-induced violence would only aggravate the situation.[117][145] Meanwhile, Jinggoy Estrada, son of former president Joseph Estrada, said that an immigration officer rudely threw his passport at him after checking it when he passed through Hong Kong Immigration.[146] However, according to security footage, Estrada entered Hong Kong through the privileged passage for diplomats, accompanied by staff from the Philippine Embassy. Cameras covering both sides clearly recorded and showed that his passport was properly handed back to a person among his entourage.[147]

Lee Ying-chuen, one of seven survivors in the crisis, wrote an open letter urging Hong Kong people to help Filipinos fight for a better society and justice, and not to see them as scapegoats for their corrupt government.[148] On August 28, 2010, a candlelight vigil with a thousand participants was held in Hong Kong to mourn the victims.[149] Legislators from different political parties organized a march on August 29, which according to organizers, was attended by about 80,000 people; the police gave a figure of 30,000.[150] 400 Filipinos also held a vigil for the victims in Chater Gardens on August 29.[151]

Following their handling of the crisis, public support for Donald Tsang rose to a two-year high, and that in other government officials also surged, according to a survey by the University of Hong Kong. Satisfaction in the government rose 10.6 percentage points.[152]

Pundits' criticism of rescue operation

A pundit[who?] interviewed on the main evening news in Hong Kong criticized the Philippine National Police for lack of planning and strategy for negotiating with the hostage-taker. The response to the rapid deterioration of the situation caught the police off-guard; the hour-long assault on the coach was also described by a security expert as "extremely risky to the hostages".[153] Security analyst Charles Shoebridge praised the SWAT team's courage but criticized the police for lack of determination, equipment, training and element of surprise; for not taking the opportunity to disarm or shoot Mendoza; for not satisfying Mendoza's demands; for not blocking off televised proceedings, for not safeguarding the public and for using Gregorio Mendoza in the negotiation.[154] Romeo Acop, a former director of the Philippine National Police's Criminal Investigation and Detection Group, was also critical of the police for failure to establish an isolation line, slowness in addressing Mendoza's demands, failure to deploy the Special Action Force, poor negotiating team and skills, absence of an officer to control the media, and lack of actual experience.[155]

In France, retired Colonel Frédéric Gallois, commander of the Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale (GIGN) from 2002 to 2007, after watching live television footage was quoted by Agence France-Presse (AFP) as saying that "one cannot understand what justified this badly prepared and risky assault", and further commented that the SWAT team lacked specialist training, equipment and tactical competence.[156]

Dramatization

The hostage crisis is dramatized in the episode "Hostage Crisis Massacre" of the American television documentary series National Geographic Investigates produced by Partisan Pictures and National Geographic Channel.[157]

In the documentary, the director Micah Fink, clarifies elements of the crisis left unclear by media response. "Mr. Mendoza staged a media event, just like the gunmen in Mumbai," he said in an interview for the Wall Street Journal.[157] Sensationalism is major theme in this documentary, according to this interview.

Former FBI Deputy Assistant Director and hostage rescue expert Danny Coulson, who was also a subject in the documentary, reiterates how "Even when there is a system in place to deal with these things, things can still go wrong."[157]

See also

References

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  156. ^ "Paris, Agence France-Presse (AFP): Philippines bus assault 'risky'". The Straits Times. Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings. August 24, 2010. from the original on September 2, 2010. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  157. ^ a b c Mahtani, Shibani (November 15, 2011). "An Interview With Manila Hostage Crisis Documentary Producer – Southeast Asia Real Time – WSJ". Blogs.wsj.com. from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2012.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manila hostage crisis.
  • First Report of the INCIDENT INVESTIGATION and REVIEW COMMITTEE on the August, 23, 2010 Rizal Park Hostage-taking Incident
  • Official Statement of President Aquino on the August 23, 2010 hostage-taking incident at the Quirino Grandstand
  • Review of the 1st Report of the IIRC dated August 23, 2010
  • SECOND REPORT OF THE INCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REVIEW COMMITTEE (IIRC) ON THE AUGUST 23, 2010 RIZAL PARK HOSTAGE-TAKING INCIDENT

March 03, 2023
manila, hostage, crisis, officially, known, rizal, park, hostage, taking, incident, took, place, when, disgruntled, former, philippine, national, police, officer, named, rolando, mendoza, hijacked, tourist, rizal, park, manila, philippines, august, 2010, carri. The Manila hostage crisis officially known as the Rizal Park hostage taking incident 3 took place when a disgruntled former Philippine National Police officer named Rolando Mendoza hijacked a tourist bus in Rizal Park Manila Philippines on August 23 2010 The bus carried 25 people 20 tourists a tour guide from Hong Kong and four local Filipinos Mendoza claimed that he had been unfairly dismissed from his job and demanded a fair hearing to defend himself 4 5 Manila hostage crisisThe bus on which the hostages were held captiveLocationQuirino Grandstand Rizal Park Manila PhilippinesCoordinates14 34 48 N 120 58 28 E 14 58000 N 120 97444 E 14 58000 120 97444 Coordinates 14 34 48 N 120 58 28 E 14 58000 N 120 97444 E 14 58000 120 97444DateAugust 23 2010 12 years ago 2010 08 23 10 00 a m 9 00 p m UTC 08 00 TargetHong Kong tourists on board a busAttack typeHostage crisis siege mass murderWeaponsElisco XM16E1 rifle 45 caliber Colt Government handgun KnifeDeaths9 including the perpetrator 1 2 Injured9 7 hostages and 2 bystanders PerpetratorRolando Mendoza 2 Negotiations which were broadcast live on television and the internet broke down dramatically about ten hours into the stand off when the police arrested Mendoza s brother and thus incited Mendoza to open fire 6 The bus driver managed to escape and declared Everyone is dead before he was moved away by policemen 7 Following a 90 minute gun battle Mendoza and eight of the hostages were killed and several others injured 8 The Philippine and Hong Kong governments conducted separate investigations into the incident Both inquiries concluded that the Philippine officials poor handling of the situation caused the eight hostages deaths 9 10 The assault mounted by the Manila Police District MPD and the resulting shoot out have been widely criticized by pundits as bungled and incompetent 11 and the Hong Kong Government has issued a black travel alert for the Philippines as a result of the affair 12 Contents 1 Perpetrator 1 1 Personal life 2 Hijacking 2 1 Boarding 2 2 Negotiations 2 3 Assault 3 Aftermath 3 1 Hostages 3 2 Investigations by the Philippine government 3 3 Investigations by the Hong Kong government 3 4 Compensation issue 4 Reactions 4 1 Chinese government 4 2 Hong Kong government 4 3 Philippine government 4 4 Other governments 4 5 Philippine media and public 4 6 Hong Kong media and public 4 7 Pundits criticism of rescue operation 5 Dramatization 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksPerpetrator EditRolando del Rosario Mendoza January 10 1955 August 23 2010 born in Naic Cavite graduated from the Philippine College of Criminology with a degree in criminology joined the Philippine National Police force as a patrolman in April 1981 and rose to become police captain 13 He was decorated 17 times for bravery and honor and was described by colleagues as hard working and kind 4 In February 1986 Mendoza led a group of policemen that accosted a van carrying 13 crates full of money which former Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos was apparently trying to smuggle out of the country Mendoza and his team turned the shipment over to authorities 4 for which he was declared one of the Ten Outstanding Policemen of the Philippines by the Jaycees International that year 13 On April 9 2008 hotel chef Christian Kalaw alleged that he was accosted by Mendoza and several other officers over a parking violation Kalaw alleged that the police planted sachets of methamphetamine in his car forced him to take the drug and accused him of being a drug addict The officers also allegedly demanded Kalaw access his bank ATM and hand over money Kalaw said the policemen released him after a friend raised 20 000 pesos on his behalf The Office of the Ombudsman found Mendoza and four others guilty of misconduct and ordered Mendoza s dismissal from the service and the voiding of all his benefits 4 In late April 2008 he was relieved as Chief of the Mobile Patrol Unit In August 2008 the Eighth Division of the Manila Prosecutors Office vacated the case after Kalaw failed to attend the dismissal proceedings and in October the PNP Internal Affairs Service recommended the case be dropped Mendoza was later dismissed from the police force in February 2009 on charges of extortion Mendoza s brothers Gregorio and Florencio later stated that all his brother wanted was a fair hearing by the Ombudsman who never even gave him a chance to defend himself they just immediately dismissed him 4 There were later reports that Mendoza was also charged with gang rape in a 1996 incident but the case was dismissed when the complainants did not show up at court 14 Personal life Edit He was married to Aurrora Mendoza and had three children Andrew born 1977 a seaman Mary Grace born 1983 a call center agent and Bismark born 1984 an Inspector and deputy chief of the Bangued police in Abra province Mendoza was shot and killed by a sniper during the hostage crisis and was pronounced dead on August 23 2010 He was 55 years old Hijacking EditBoarding Edit Bus Manila Police HQ Ombudsman Ospital ng Maynila PGHclass notpageimage Locations of key places during the hostage crisis Rizal Park is about 10 km away from the Office of the Ombudsman On the morning of August 23 2010 Mendoza attempted to board a Hong Thai Travel Services tour bus as it was taking on riders Mendoza requested a free ride and when he was declined by the driver Mendoza brandished a weapon handcuffed the driver to the steering wheel and hijacked the bus 15 There are conflicting reports as to whether Mendoza boarded in front of Quirino Grandstand at Rizal Park or at Fort Santiago a number of witnesses saw a man answering Mendoza s description boarding the bus at the latter location 6 16 In any event Mendoza armed with a handgun and an M16 rifle 17 commandeered the tour bus demanded reinstatement to his previous post with benefits 7 and claimed he was framed Alfredo Lim Mayor of Manila said he would grant Mendoza s wish to be reinstated if he could prove his case 18 Masa Tse Ting chunn the bus s tour guide immediately called his agency in Hong Kong shortly after 10 30 am During the two minute conversation Tse calmly informed the customer services manager that his group was being held hostage 15 Initial media reports were confusing and contradictory the suspect was alternatively identified as Ronaldo Rolando and Reynaldo and the hostages aboard were initially reported to be South Koreans 19 before they were confirmed to be mostly from Hong Kong Negotiations Edit Almost an hour later six Hong Kong tourists were freed an elderly couple a woman with two young children and a 12 year old boy 20 Two Filipino photographers boarded the bus as volunteer hostages in exchange for the releases 3 21 By noon three additional hostages including the Filipino tour guide and the two photographers who volunteered to be taken hostage had also been released 3 TV5 news anchor Erwin Tulfo remained in contact with Mendoza while superintendent Orlando Yebra and chief inspector Romeo Salvador led negotiations Seventeen people remained on the bus 22 By this time television channels all over the world were preempting their programs with non stop live coverage of the hostage situation Philippine television stations ABS CBN GMA TV5 and government run NBN now PTV as well as Hong Kong television station TVB and television news channels RT Al Jazeera France 24 BBC World News MSNBC Fox News Channel and CNN all provided live coverage 23 However because the news networks were filming police activity and the bus was equipped with a television the gunman was able to watch the police action and determine the locations of snipers 22 24 At around 2 pm Mendoza posted several notes on the windows which read A big mistake to correct A big wrong decision Big deal will start after 3 pm today and 3 pm deadlock 25 Shortly after sundown the Office of the Ombudsman denied Mendoza s request to be reinstated to the police force but assured him that his case would be reopened Manila Vice Mayor Isko Moreno delivered the Ombudsman s letter to the hostage scene 26 Mendoza called the Ombudsman s decision garbage claiming that it did not answer his demands 6 Mayor Lim later claimed on local radio that authorities who had agreed to reinstate Mendoza to bring an end to the crisis but had not been able to deliver the message due to bad traffic 27 28 When the Manila Police District MPD SWAT team arrived Mendoza declared in a radio interview with DZXL that he would kill the passengers if the SWAT team did not leave 29 His brother SPO2 Gregorio Mendoza walked out after trying to negotiate with him He urged Mendoza to surrender peacefully saying Nothing bad will happen here 30 Gregorio Mendoza was then arrested for breaching the exclusion zone while carrying a gun as he did not have the MPD s approval to assist in the negotiations 31 32 President Aquino later said that the gunman s brother had contributed to the deterioration of the situation by fanning Mendoza s hatred of the negotiators 27 Assault Edit Mendoza became agitated when he witnessed live coverage of his brother s arrest from the bus television Reports indicated that Mendoza fired warning shots as he saw his brother being carried away 33 Mendoza demanded that the police release his brother or else he would start executing hostages and a few minutes later claimed on live radio that he had indeed already shot two hostages 34 35 The first shots fired from within the bus were heard at about 7 21 pm At around the same time it was reported that snipers had shot the tires immobilizing the bus after it had attempted to move 31 36 Mendoza first killed Masa Tse the tour leader whom he had handcuffed to the door handrail earlier 37 According to survivor Joe Chan Kwok chu several hostages tried to rush Mendoza as he was preparing to shoot the other hostages but he shot them down before they could reach him 38 At around 7 30 pm bus driver Alberto Lubang escaped the bus Thinking that all remaining hostages had died Lubang cried Patay na lahat Everyone is dead to the policemen and media 6 7 He later admitted that his assumption was based on witnessing Mendoza shoot three hostages and firing additional shots at others 6 Mendoza then began shooting the rest of the hostages one by one aiming at each of their heads 38 Amy Leung Ng Yau woon told of how her husband Ken Leung Kam wing shielded her with his body and saved her from harm while sacrificing his own life 39 Similarly their daughter Jessie Leung Song yi took two bullets while protecting her older brother and died as a result 40 Passenger Joe Chan shielded himself from Mendoza s gunfire with his backpack and survived but both of his wrists were shattered 38 Chan s traveling companion was seriously injured by a gunshot to her chin 1 The SWAT team started to surround the bus at 7 37 pm 36 The team failed to enter the bus for nearly an hour Initial attempts to break the shatter resistant Plexiglass windows with a sledgehammer failed At 7 45 pm a rope was tied to the front doors of the bus which snapped when they attempted to pull the door open 41 After running out of choices they threw two canisters of tear gas inside and Mendoza stepped out of the bus Snipers who had taken positions earlier in the day ultimately shot Mendoza in the head after he exited the bus killing him instantly By that time however four more hostages were confirmed dead while only six hostages were confirmed alive and not seriously injured 42 Two other people outside the bus 47 year old TVB news crew engineer Wen Ming and child bystander Mike Ladrillo y Campanero were wounded by stray bullets 15 43 44 Aftermath EditHostages Edit Six of the surviving hostages were taken to Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center where two later died 42 two were taken to the Philippine General Hospital 45 the remaining seven hostages were taken to Manila Doctors Hospital 46 There were eight fatalities in total The 13 survivors had injuries which ranged from minor to substantial 47 Because the bus driver Alberto Lubang had escaped the bus minutes before the situation deteriorated despite his claim that he had been handcuffed to the steering wheel suspicions arose that he was in fact the gunman s accomplice 48 which Lubang denied 6 He claimed to have unlocked his handcuffs using nail cutters 49 However on August 27 2010 Lubang and his family were reported missing and had fled their home possibly going into hiding 50 Yet on September 7 2010 he was reported to be present at a hearing of the investigative committee 51 The list of the eight identified victims 1 52 included Masa Tse Ting Chunn zh zh yue 謝廷駿 Ken Leung Kam wing 梁錦榮 his two daughters Doris Leung Chung see 梁頌詩 21 and Jessie Leung Song yi 梁頌儀 14 his son Jason Leung Song xue 梁頌學 was seriously injured 53 Wong Tze lam 汪子林 and his wife Yeung Yee wa 楊綺華 and her sister Yeung Yee kam 楊綺琴 and Fu Cheuk yan 傅卓仁 54 Donald Tsang Chief Executive of Hong Kong offered for the eight victims to be buried in the Tribute Garden zh 景仰園 a part of Wo Hop Shek Public Cemetery designated for Hongkongers who showed extraordinary acts of bravery to save others 55 Fu and the three members of the Wong family accepted the offer and were buried at Tribute Garden 56 clarification needed On July 1 2011 Masa Tse Fu Cheuk yan and Ken Leung Kam wing were all posthumously awarded the gold medal for Bravery by the Hong Kong government 57 Mendoza s parents apologized and begged forgiveness from the Hong Kong government for their son s actions citation needed Investigations by the Philippine government Edit President Aquino ordered a thorough investigation and for a report to be issued within three weeks The investigation was held by the Post Critical Incident Management Committee PCIMC under the auspices of the Joint Incident Investigation and Review Committee JIIRC headed by former Secretary of Justice Leila de Lima and Prosecution Investigation team led by Cielito Celi 58 As a gesture of transparency towards the Hong Kong government the Aquino government invited the Hong Kong Police Force to send a team to observe the investigation 59 60 De Lima declared a gag order to cover all parties and departments including the Hong Kong team examining evidence on the ground 58 Preliminary results of the official investigation were released on August 31 2010 Ballistic tests showed that the deceased hostages wounds were caused by a high calibre weapon fired from within the coach Of the 65 recovered M16 rifle cartridges from the coach 58 came from Mendoza s gun making it nearly certain that the eight deceased hostages were killed by Mendoza 61 However on September 3 2010 De Lima admitted that the police might have accidentally shot some of the hostages 62 After the completion of the initial inquiry on September 15 2010 the JIIRC traveled to Hong Kong to interview survivors 63 The report was delivered first to the Chinese embassy in Manila on September 20 2010 before being released to the general public in an attempt to repair the nation s relations with China 9 The official report identified eight critical errors of the handling of the hostage crisis 64 Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim failed to properly activate the crisis management committee depriving the chief negotiator and others of critical information and operational intelligence The authorities were unable to appreciate Mendoza s demands and there was a lack of communication with and involvement of the Department of Justice Gregorio Mendoza was allowed to join the negotiating team The side issue of Gregorio Mendoza had been allowed to preoccupy Lim Rodolfo Magtibay and Chief negotiator Orlando Yebra at a critical moment setting off a chain of events that led to Mendoza becoming fatally hostile Lim decided to arrest Gregorio Mendoza Lim and Magtibay were absent from the command post at a crucial time having a meal which created a decision making vacuum The inefficient disorganised and stalled assault took place without vital information about the bus Magtibay rejected an order from the Philippine National Police director for Manila to use the national elite Special Action Force There was no plan for what to do after the assault and the crime scene was not preserved The report also recommended administrative or criminal charges for 15 individuals and organizations including Manila mayor Alfredo Lim vice mayor Isko Moreno Ombudsmen Merceditas Gutierrez and Emilio Gonzales III government undersecretary Rico Puno retired Philippine National Police chief director general Jesus Verzosa National Capital Region Police Office director Leocadio Santiago Jr Manila Police District chief superintendent Rodolfo Magtibay MPD hostage negotiator Orlando Yebra SWAT Colonel Nelson Yabut and commander Santiago Pascual journalists Erwin Tulfo and Mike Rogas and three broadcasting networks 9 On March 31 2011 Ombudsman Emilio Gonzales was dismissed by President Aquino for his inordinate and unjustified delay in handling Mendoza s appeal 65 Gonzales was the first individual to receive direct sanction from the Philippine government in connection with the incident 66 He appealed the decision claiming that he was prejudged guilty before the investigation started 67 Investigations by the Hong Kong government Edit On August 25 2010 the bodies of the victims were brought back to Hong Kong on a government chartered flight 68 The Coroner decided that an investigation into their deaths should be carried out and ordered autopsies on all eight bodies Five bodies were ultimately autopsied the remaining three were not autopsied by requests from their families 69 The Hong Kong Government invited 116 Philippine witnesses to participate in their investigation which began on February 14 2011 70 Among those invited were Gregorio Mendoza the hostage taker s brother Manila mayor Alfredo Lim Vice Mayor Isko Moreno reporters who covered the incident members of the SWAT team and a number of forensic experts 71 Lim and Moreno rejected the invitation They claimed that rather than conduct another probe Hong Kong should respect the conclusion of the Philippines investigation that Mendoza was responsible for the deaths They claimed that the Hong Kong probe was an encroachment of Philippine sovereignty and independence 72 The Hong Kong investigation interviewed 31 witnesses from Hong Kong and 10 from the Philippines 10 The coroner s five member jury had to answer yes no or uncertain to a list of 44 statements a method that was unique to Hong Kong s history and procedures 73 The narrative verdict found that all eight victims were unlawfully killed and blamed the Philippine authorities incompetent handling of the crisis as a direct cause of their deaths although it declined to attribute any criminal or civil liability 10 Compensation issue Edit In August 2011 two survivors of the crisis Joe Chan Kwok chu 陳國柱 and Yik Siu ling 易小玲 along with Tse Che kin brother of Masa Tse met with the Philippine government officials to discuss compensation Chief executive Donald Tsang refused to intervene labeling it a civil case 74 Democratic Party lawmaker James To had assisted Chan and Yik in their plea for legal aid which was expensive and complicated 75 During the visit by Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada and Cabinet Secretary Almendras to meet with the victims and Hong Kong officials the latter had stated that a token of solidarity will be given to the victims and their families 76 It however was not officially addressed as compensation money 76 In 2014 the Hong Kong government the Philippine government and victims families reached an agreement under which an undisclosed amount of compensation was paid by Manila to the victims families 77 78 Reactions EditChinese government Edit Chinese foreign minister Yang Jiechi stated that he was appalled by the event 79 and sent a team to the Philippines to deal with the situation 79 China s state run Global Times called the Philippines one of the most chaotic countries in Southeast Asia following the shootings 80 Additionally the Chinese consul in the Philippines asked for a written statement of accountability from the Philippine government 81 and rejected the explanation given by President Benigno Aquino III at an August 24 2010 press conference 82 Plans for a delegation led by Philippine vice president Jejomar Binay to visit Beijing and Hong Kong on August 26 27 2010 to soothe tensions and explain the hostage incident was rejected by the Chinese government pending the outcome of a complete investigation report 83 On August 27 2010 the Chinese embassy in the Philippines expressed anger at the Mendoza family s decision to cover Mendoza s coffin with the Flag of the Philippines during his wake 84 Hong Kong government Edit Flag of Hong Kong and Flag of the People s Republic of China both at half mast on August 26 at Golden Bauhinia Square The condolence desk of Mongkok community center August 26 The memorial stage at Statue Square Central Hong Kong August 27 The Hong Kong government had wanted to resolve the hostage situation in a peaceful manner Its Security Bureau formed a taskforce and sent officers to Manila to assist the hostage rescue efforts 85 Immediately following the assault however the Security Bureau announced a black outbound travel alert for the Philippines this lasted until August 2014 and Hong Kong residents were advised against traveling there while residents already in the Philippines were advised to return to Hong Kong as soon as possible 12 Hong Kong officials also announced that visa free privileges for Philippine diplomats and officials would be revoked after February 5 2014 86 Donald Tsang the Chief Executive of Hong Kong offered his condolences to the victims families stating that the Chinese government would do anything within its power to aid and rehabilitate the survivors and their families 87 He complained that he had not been able to get through to President Aquino by telephone during the siege and criticized the way the siege was handled 88 The government chartered two airplanes carrying doctors and counsellors to Manila to support the survivors of the incident and to fly the Hong Kong victims home 79 The bodies of all eight victims along with most of the survivors were returned to Hong Kong on August 25 2010 68 A memorial ceremony was held as the victims arrived on the tarmac of Hong Kong International Airport attended amongst others by Chief Secretary for Administration Henry Tang and Secretary for Security Ambrose Lee 89 All Hong Kong SAR flags at official locations were lowered to half mast from August 24 to 26 90 91 and the nightly multimedia display A Symphony of Lights was suspended 92 to mourn the victims all Chinese national flags in Hong Kong were also lowered to half mast 93 The Hong Kong Stock Exchange held a minute s silence before opening on August 24 94 The government announced the opening of 18 locations around Hong Kong where citizens could pay their respects and sign condolence books A visit by Mayor Estrada and Cabinet Secretary Almendras helped to ease the situation where Hong Kong officials agreed to end sanctions placed on the Philippines 76 Philippine government Edit President Benigno Aquino III expressed his condolences to the victims and promised a thorough investigation While he was not impressed with the manner the police handled the crisis 12 95 he defended the actions of the police stating that the gunman had not shown any signs of wanting to harm the hostages 12 He also made reference to the Moscow theater hostage crisis which he said resulted in more severe casualties despite Russia s resources and sophistication 96 In addition he declared that the news media may have worsened the situation by giving the shooter a bird s eye view of the entire situation 97 After Aquino s comments a number of Hong Kong residents posted angry messages to his official Facebook page some of which accused Aquino of smiling during the press conference 98 Aquino subsequently apologized saying it was an expression of exasperation 99 On September 5 2010 Aquino said in Filipino Our problems now in two or three years we can say that they are laughable when we recall that they were not that grave 100 On September 9 2010 Aquino revealed that he had received a letter from the Hong Kong Government which gave instructions to the Philippine government in minute detail Aquino regarded the letter as insulting 101 which the Hong Kong Government denied 102 As to Donald Tsang s claim that he could not reach Aquino by telephone during the siege Aquino said that Tsang should have followed protocol in trying to contact him 103 and claimed that he had tried to contact Tsang the next day 101 The decision to arrest Mendoza s brother during the negotiation process was questioned Manila Police District director Rodolfo Magtibay 104 said that Mayor Lim as head of the crisis management committee gave the order to arrest Gregorio Mendoza 105 a move which caused distress in the gunman and allegedly triggered him to shoot the hostages 38 Manila Vice Mayor Isko Moreno told CNN that Mendoza s brother was guilty of conspiring with the hostage taker and allegedly helped instigate the shooting 97 MPD commander Leocadio Santiago while agreeing with the decision to put the assault on hold until Mendoza had started shooting hostages 12 admitted that mistakes were made 47 Senior Supt Agrimero Cruz Jr spokesman for the national police said five general lapses were observed by the PNP Command Group and Staff 37 poor handling of the hostage negotiation side issues and events that further agitated the hostage taker inadequate planning of the assault and lack of team capability skills and equipment improper crowd control and non compliance with media relations procedures in hostage taking 37 Interior secretary Jesse Robredo who is in charge of the national police also admitted problems with how the crisis was handled Manila Police District director Rodolfo Magtibay as commander of the rescue operation took leave and four members of the SWAT team were suspended pending investigation 106 Several members of the House of Representatives condemned the hostage taking while criticizing how the MPD handled the situation 107 Representative Gabriel Luis Quisumbing Lakas Kampi Cebu 6th blamed the non stop media coverage saying the live coverage may have jeopardized police rescue operations on site and authored a bill to constrain media coverage so as not to hinder or obstruct such rescue efforts 108 Rodolfo Biazon Liberal Muntinlupa blamed the outcome of the incident on the unclear MPD command structure 109 The Philippines planned to send a high level delegation to China to meet and explain to officials there what happened in the hostage crisis However the schedule of this delegation could not be confirmed by Beijing government Instead Beijing urged the Philippines to submit a comprehensive precise objective investigation report 110 In his Proclamation 23 President Aquino declared August 25 2010 a National Day of Mourning for those killed All Philippine flags at all government institutions including consulates and embassies worldwide would be flown half mast 111 112 A hearing into the crisis was conducted by the Senate Committee on Public Order and Illegal Drugs on August 26 113 During the hearing police operatives revealed that Mendoza was reading the letter from the Office of the Ombudsman to an unknown person over the phone before the violence began and subpoenaed the records of the telephone conversation 114 It was further revealed that Rodolfo Magtibay ground commander during the crisis had an elite team of Special Action Force of the Philippine National Police at his disposal but chose to utilize the SWAT team instead because his team had successfully rehearsed the storming that afternoon 115 The counter terrorist unit from the national police were on standby behind the grandstand the Philippine Army Light Reaction Company had also offered one of its elite squads trained in hostage taking scenarios and fighting Islamist militants in the southern Philippines but was told by police it was not needed 116 On August 30 2010 a Philippine consulate official in Hong Kong appealed to Filipinos to postpone trips to Hong Kong indefinitely citing anti Filipino sentiments in Hong Kong Claro Cristobal Philippine Consul General in Hong Kong said in a radio interview that although Filipinos in Hong Kong could be assured of safety Filipinos traveling to Hong Kong for vacation may be troubled by angry sentiments there 117 Other governments Edit Canadian Foreign Minister Lawrence Cannon issued a statement on August 24 2010 expressing Ottawa s condolences to the families and friends of those who died 118 The Canadian government confirmed that five hostages were Canadian nationals 119 The British government s Foreign and Commonwealth Office confirmed that the released elderly hostages Yick Biu Li and Fung Kwan Li both British Citizens were unharmed 120 The Union flag at British Consulate General Hong Kong and British Embassy Manila were lowered to half mast to honor their former colony on August 25 2010 121 The U S embassy in Manila condemned Mendoza for taking innocent tourists hostages in an effort to redress a professional grievance 122 Philippine media and public Edit Mourning posters in English left and Chinese right were hung where the incident occurred The aftermath of the hostage crisis was met with shock and dismay throughout the Philippines 123 124 Comments ranged from shame sadness and sympathy for the hostage victims anger mixed with a sense of disbelief at the perpetrator Rolando Mendoza the police force for its apparent bungling and media for its overzealous coverage and concern over the damage to the image of the country as a tourist destination and the safety and well being of Filipinos overseas who might experience backlash over the incident 125 126 Columnist Conrado De Quiros writing in The Philippine Daily Inquirer expressed how deeply deeply ashamed he felt over the incident 127 In a follow up column he castigated Mendoza as a traitor adding that to bury him in a pauper s grave will insult paupers 128 Columnist Alex Magno in The Philippine Star wrote about the immaturity of the diplomatic response of the newly installed Aquino administration in what was commonly seen as its first serious leadership test of the administration in its first one hundred days in office Magno listed a string of mistakes from the administration starting with how it failed to initiate contact with the Hong Kong government to how it insulted the Hong Kong Chief Executive by not promptly responding to his call and then later unilaterally announcing the sending of a high level delegation to the Hong Kong and Chinese governments in what Magno interpreted as a damage control measure without first confirming that Hong Kong and the PRC would receive the delegation 129 Magno sees the Chinese as responding with the diplomatic equivalent of the penalty of death by a thousand cuts 130 John Nery writing in The Philippine Daily Inquirer said it was indeed appropriate for Aquino to have kept his distance from the crisis management despite the hands on approach the general public was demanding with hindsight he said the skepticism directed towards the Aquino administration was not being applied equally to the Tsang administration s account of trying unsuccessfully to reach Aquino since 4 pm 131 Analysts agreed that the Aquino administration s approval rating would fall if not for the handling of the hostage taking crisis then from a natural move off the high it was coming from 132 Manila Mayor and Former President of the Philippines Joseph Ejercito Estrada s journey to Hong Kong has been met with good reception from the public although there were others who objected to his trip since President Aquino should have done the trip as head of state 133 President Rodrigo Duterte made a formal apology for the crisis during his official trip to Hong Kong on April 12 2018 134 Hong Kong media and public Edit Most Hong Kong newspapers reported the Manila assault on front pages some local newspapers changed their logo colors to black on their front covers The Manila police and the Philippines government were strongly criticized for their handling of the situation 135 136 All television channels in Hong Kong broadcast devoted significant coverage to the hijacking and its aftermath Wall to wall live coverage between 6 pm and 9 pm made it the single incident with the most live television news coverage in Hong Kong since the September 11 attacks on New York 137 Google displayed a plain white Google Doodle on google com hk out of respect for the dead on August 24 138 Apple Daily which likened the Philippine police to a troop of Boy Scouts in terms of competence 139 also criticized the Chinese government for acting too slowly to protect lives 140 The Hong Kong Economic Journal criticized the Manila Police for their appalling professional standards and the lack of strategic planning The Standard said Philippine authorities were accountable 141 The Sun pointed out there was a lone counsel in Manila acting on behalf of China until after the siege had ended and speculated that more hostages could have been saved had higher level diplomatic pressure been applied earlier 142 In light of the hostage incident considerable public anger was vented against the Philippine authorities In Hong Kong there was concern about anti Filipino sentiments 143 144 A text message circulated widely among Filipinos said that 30 Filipino domestic workers had been sacked some of them had even been stabbed and killed 144 but Claro Cristobal Philippine consul general in Hong Kong dismissed the rumors and rumor mongering Cristobal said that two domestic helpers out of more than 100 000 were sacked but for reasons completely unrelated to the hostages incident He said stories about hate induced violence would only aggravate the situation 117 145 Meanwhile Jinggoy Estrada son of former president Joseph Estrada said that an immigration officer rudely threw his passport at him after checking it when he passed through Hong Kong Immigration 146 However according to security footage Estrada entered Hong Kong through the privileged passage for diplomats accompanied by staff from the Philippine Embassy Cameras covering both sides clearly recorded and showed that his passport was properly handed back to a person among his entourage 147 Lee Ying chuen one of seven survivors in the crisis wrote an open letter urging Hong Kong people to help Filipinos fight for a better society and justice and not to see them as scapegoats for their corrupt government 148 On August 28 2010 a candlelight vigil with a thousand participants was held in Hong Kong to mourn the victims 149 Legislators from different political parties organized a march on August 29 which according to organizers was attended by about 80 000 people the police gave a figure of 30 000 150 400 Filipinos also held a vigil for the victims in Chater Gardens on August 29 151 Following their handling of the crisis public support for Donald Tsang rose to a two year high and that in other government officials also surged according to a survey by the University of Hong Kong Satisfaction in the government rose 10 6 percentage points 152 Pundits criticism of rescue operation Edit A pundit who interviewed on the main evening news in Hong Kong criticized the Philippine National Police for lack of planning and strategy for negotiating with the hostage taker The response to the rapid deterioration of the situation caught the police off guard the hour long assault on the coach was also described by a security expert as extremely risky to the hostages 153 Security analyst Charles Shoebridge praised the SWAT team s courage but criticized the police for lack of determination equipment training and element of surprise for not taking the opportunity to disarm or shoot Mendoza for not satisfying Mendoza s demands for not blocking off televised proceedings for not safeguarding the public and for using Gregorio Mendoza in the negotiation 154 Romeo Acop a former director of the Philippine National Police s Criminal Investigation and Detection Group was also critical of the police for failure to establish an isolation line slowness in addressing Mendoza s demands failure to deploy the Special Action Force poor negotiating team and skills absence of an officer to control the media and lack of actual experience 155 In France retired Colonel Frederic Gallois commander of the Groupe d Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale GIGN from 2002 to 2007 after watching live television footage was quoted by Agence France Presse AFP as saying that one cannot understand what justified this badly prepared and risky assault and further commented that the SWAT team lacked specialist training equipment and tactical competence 156 Dramatization EditThe hostage crisis is dramatized in the episode Hostage Crisis Massacre of the American television documentary series National Geographic Investigates produced by Partisan Pictures and National Geographic Channel 157 In the documentary the director Micah Fink clarifies elements of the crisis left unclear by media response Mr Mendoza staged a media event just like the gunmen in Mumbai he said in an interview for the Wall Street Journal 157 Sensationalism is major theme in this documentary according to this interview Former FBI Deputy Assistant Director and hostage rescue expert Danny Coulson who was also a subject in the documentary reiterates how Even when there is a system in place to deal with these things things can still go wrong 157 See also EditPortals Hong Kong Philippines Political positions of Benigno Aquino III Noynoying War on drugs War on terror List of hostage crises Beslan school siege 1995 tank rampage police chase 2004 bulldozer rampage police chase Lutsk hostage crisis Sandro Barbosa do NascimentoReferences Edit a b c Manila hostage incident victim name list Hong Kong s Information Services Department Press Release August 24 2010 Archived from the original on June 19 2012 Retrieved August 24 2010 For the names in Chinese see the versions in Traditional Chinese Archived December 4 2011 at the Wayback Machine and Simplified Chinese Archived March 16 2016 at the Wayback Machine a b Conde Carlos August 23 2010 Gunman and 8 Hostages Dead in the Philippines The New York Times Archived from the original on June 19 2012 Retrieved August 24 2010 a b c First Report of the INCIDENT INVESTIGATION and REVIEW COMMITTEE on the August 23 2010 Rizal Park Hostage taking Incident SEQUENCE OF EVENTS EVALUATION and RECOMMENDATIONS Incident Investigation and Review Committee September 16 2010 pp 9 10 16 22 24 archived from the original on July 11 2019 retrieved May 22 2020 a b c d e Robles Alan 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August 26 2010 Retrieved August 23 2010 a b Abella Jerrie August 23 2010 Hostage crisis ends in bloody carnage 4 hostages dead GMA News Archived from the original on November 8 2013 Retrieved August 23 2010 Spot Report re Hostage Taking Incident Manila Police District via Next Magazine and Martin Oei August 23 2010 Archived from the original on March 10 2012 Retrieved August 28 2010 in Chinese 記者中流彈擦傷 裝器材鐵箱當護盾 Ming Pao Hong Kong August 24 2010 Gomez Jim August 23 2010 Hospitals 6 out of 15 bus hostages dead Bloomberg Businessweek Associated Press Archived from the original on November 2 2012 Retrieved August 24 2010 3 injured Hong Kong hostages in stable condition doctors Xinhua News Agency August 24 2010 Archived from the original on November 6 2012 Retrieved August 25 2010 a b Police admit blunders in hostage crisis Philippine Daily Inquirer Agence France Presse August 24 2010 Archived from the original on August 25 2010 Retrieved August 24 2010 Staff reporter August 25 2010 Bus driver feels heat Archived October 11 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Standard Hong Kong The great escape driver unlocked cuffs with nail cutters South China Morning Post August 25 2010 Archived from the original on October 24 2021 Retrieved October 24 2021 Tourist bus driver missing Archived August 29 2010 at the Wayback Machine abs cbnNEWS com August 27 2010 Filipino bus driver recalls Aug 23 hostage crisis in Manila People s Daily Online en people cn Archived from the original on August 23 2022 Retrieved October 24 2021 in Chinese 機警媽媽撒謊救小團友 11歲童幸逃離 父母中槍雙亡 Ming Pao Hong Kong August 24 2010 Lee Ella Wong Martin amp Lam Anita August 26 2010 Teen fights for life in hospital but cause of head injury unclear South China Morning Post Lam Anita Wong Martin Eng Dennis amp Lo Clifford August 25 2010 The casualties and the fortunate few South China Morning Post note The journal erroneously wrote Wong Tze lam 51 his wife Yeung Yee kam 46 and sister in law Yeung Yee wa 44 all dead the couple s son Jason Wong Ching yat 12 set free and daughter Tracey Wong Cheuk yiu 15 injured Special burial offered for hostage victims South China Morning Post August 28 2010 in Chinese 四名遇難者 安葬景仰園 Apple Daily September 2 2010 in Chinese 家人祭告謝廷駿獲授勳 Sing Tao Daily July 2 2011 Archived from the original on April 4 2012 Retrieved October 4 2011 a b Avendano Christine O Papa Alcuin Kwok Abigail August 30 2010 DOJ chief the only spokesperson on hostage crisis probe Palace Philippine Daily Inquirer Gil C Cabacungan Jr August 31 2010 Honasan Allowing HK cops in hostage taking probe a gesture of transparency Archived October 4 2012 at the Wayback Machine Philippine Daily Inquirer in Chinese 菲律賓發聲明 港警不能插手 Headline News August 30 2010 Archived from the original on March 13 2012 Retrieved August 31 2010 Forensic team examines death bus The Standard Hong Kong August 31 2010 Archived from the original on July 21 2011 Retrieved August 31 2010 the CNN Wire Staff September 9 2010 Philippines admits police may have shot some hostages in bus standoff CNN com CNN Archived from the original on September 12 2010 Retrieved September 23 2010 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a author has generic name help Philippine probe team to speak to survivors The Standard Hong Kong September 6 2010 Archived from the original on June 29 2011 Retrieved September 23 2010 Benitez Mary Ann September 21 2010 Eight deadly blunders Archived June 28 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Standard Hong Kong Porcalla Delon April 2 2011 Noy fires deputy Ombudsman The Philippine Star Retrieved April 19 2011 permanent dead link in Chinese 菲律賓首名官員因馬尼拉人質事件被撤職 RTHK April 1 2011 Archived from the original on April 4 2011 Retrieved April 19 2011 Deputy Ombudsman seeks TRO vs Palace s dismissal order The Philippine Star April 12 2011 Retrieved April 19 2011 permanent dead link a b Wong Natalie August 26 2010 Home Archived from the original on October 29 2010 Retrieved June 21 2011 Lee Colleen August 27 2010 HK death probe begins Archived October 11 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Standard 港人質慘案聆訊 菲證人接傳票 Canada Sing Tao Daily Canada version January 21 2011 Archived from the original on July 6 2011 Retrieved February 11 2011 in Chinese Witnesses invited by HK for Manilla Tourist Bus Probe The Standard Hong Kong January 20 2011 Archived from the original on January 22 2011 Retrieved February 7 2011 Manilla Officials won t attend Hong Kong Bus Investigation The Standard Hong Kong January 25 2011 Retrieved February 6 2011 permanent dead link Wong Natalie March 24 2011 Four deadly questions left unanswered Hong Kong The Standard Archived from the original on October 15 2012 Retrieved April 19 2011 Manila hostage crisis survivors to seek compensation from PHL govt GMA News August 12 2011 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 12 2011 Cheung Simpson August 12 2011 Call to push Philippines to pay up South China Morning Post a b c ABS CBNnews com Ira Pedrasa How Philippines Hong Kong agreed on closure ABS CBN News Archived from the original on July 16 2015 Retrieved June 23 2019 Duterte apologises to Hong Kong victims of Manila hostage tragedy South China Morning Post April 12 2018 Archived from the original on April 16 2018 Retrieved June 23 2019 No winners as Manila bus hostage row finally ends South China Morning Post April 25 2014 Archived from the original on June 23 2019 Retrieved June 23 2019 a b c Hong Kong warns against Philippines travel after deaths BBC News August 24 2010 Archived from the original on August 24 2010 Retrieved August 24 2010 Mair John Blanchard Ben August 24 2010 Philippines defends handling of bus hostage crisis International Business Times Archived from the original on July 22 2011 Retrieved August 24 2010 中方要求菲律宾书面解释救援行动 Sina com in Chinese August 23 2010 Archived from the original on March 20 2012 Retrieved August 23 2010 中国驻菲领事王晓波 中国政府工作组已抵马尼拉 ifeng com in Chinese August 24 2010 Archived from the original on 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Kong The Philippine Star Canada Offers Condolences after Manila Hostage Taking Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada August 24 2010 Archived from the original on April 22 2013 Retrieved August 24 2010 Anthony Germain August 24 2010 Slain Canadian tried to save Manila hostage wife CBC news Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 27 2010 China anger after 8 tourists die on hijacked bus Washington Post August 24 2010 UK sends condolences to families of hostage victims British Embassy Manila August 25 2010 Archived from the original on March 10 2012 Retrieved August 25 2010 US embassy condemns Manila hostage taking ABS CBN News ABS CBN August 24 2010 Archived from the original on August 26 2010 Retrieved August 24 2010 Philippines in shock as 9 die after fired cop demanding job back hijacks Hong Kong tour bus Archived August 26 2010 at the Wayback Machine August 22 2010 Fox News Associated Press Arcilla Agtay Gigie August 25 2010 Grief dismay over Manila 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gets cheers jeers for Hong Kong mission ABS CBN News Archived from the original on June 23 2019 Retrieved June 23 2019 Placido Dharel Duterte apologizes to Hong Kong China for 2010 hostage crisis ABS CBN News Archived from the original on February 2 2019 Retrieved February 2 2019 Hostages not high priority The Standard Hong Kong August 25 2010 Archived from the original on June 29 2011 Retrieved August 30 2010 in Chinese 菲律賓欠香港一個血的解釋 Oriental Daily News August 24 2010 Archived from the original on August 25 2010 Retrieved August 24 2010 in Chinese 繼美911恐襲事件 全城關注直播 Metro Hong Kong August 24 2010 Archived from the original on June 11 2011 Retrieved August 25 2010 Patrick Barta Brittany Hite August 24 2010 Criticism of Philippine Response Grows Archived August 21 2018 at the Wayback Machine Wall Street Journal in Chinese 童子軍式 強攻 行動一團糟 Apple Daily Hong Kong August 25 2010 Archived from the original on July 21 2011 Retrieved August 29 2010 in Chinese 李平 August 27 2010 蘋論 保護國民生命是保護國家最大利益 Apple Daily Archived from the original on July 21 2011 Retrieved August 28 2010 Associated Press August 24 2010 Fury in Hong Kong over Manila bloodbath Bangkok Post in Chinese 馮海聞 August 26 2010 龍吟大地 香港人質悲歌中央反應太慢 太陽報 Archived from the original on August 28 2010 Retrieved August 28 2010 Leader August 25 2010 Wrong targets for our understandable anger South China Morning Post a b Leung Lina August 30 2010 Helpers worry but deliver solidarity message Archived June 29 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Standard Hong Kong Salaverria Leila B August 28 2010 Rights body reminds Filipinos in HK of their rights Philippine Daily Inquirer Archived from the original on August 30 2010 Retrieved September 23 2010 Jinggoy Kris put up with Hong Kong rage Archived August 31 2010 at the Wayback Machine August 28 2010 菲前總統之子 屈港關員擲護照 Son of Former President lied about having his passport thrown by officers in Hong Kong Apple Daily August 29 2010 還死傷者公道 不向弱者抽刃 Archived September 2 2010 at the Wayback Machine Lee Ying chuen originally published by Ming Pao on August 29 2010 千人燭光悼馬尼拉罹難港人 Archived August 31 2010 at the Wayback Machine Ming Pao August 28 2010 Retrieved on August 28 2010 Ng Kang chung amp Chong Tanna August 30 2010 Thousands demand Manila siege justice South China Morning Post Lee Colleen August 30 2010 Marching in anguish and anger Archived June 29 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Standard Hong Kong Leaders score well in hostage test The Standard Hong Kong September 8 2010 Archived from the original on June 29 2011 Retrieved September 23 2010 TVB news reports August 24 2010 Ten things the Philippines bus siege police got wrong BBC News August 24 2010 Archived from the original on August 27 2010 Retrieved August 27 2010 Leilani Chavez August 27 2010 More lapses in hostage crisis cited ABS CBN News Archived from the original on August 30 2010 Retrieved August 27 2010 Paris Agence France Presse AFP Philippines bus assault risky The Straits Times Singapore Singapore Press Holdings August 24 2010 Archived from the original on September 2 2010 Retrieved September 6 2010 a b c Mahtani Shibani November 15 2011 An Interview With Manila Hostage Crisis Documentary Producer Southeast Asia Real Time WSJ Blogs wsj com Archived from the original on November 5 2012 Retrieved September 26 2012 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manila hostage crisis First Report of the INCIDENT INVESTIGATION and REVIEW COMMITTEE on the August 23 2010 Rizal Park Hostage taking Incident Official Statement of President Aquino on the August 23 2010 hostage taking incident at the Quirino Grandstand Review of the 1st Report of the IIRC dated August 23 2010 SECOND REPORT OF THE INCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REVIEW COMMITTEE IIRC ON THE AUGUST 23 2010 RIZAL PARK HOSTAGE TAKING INCIDENT Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Manila hostage crisis amp oldid 1139473306, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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