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Francesco Cavalli

February 19, 2023

Francesco Cavalli (born Pietro Francesco Caletti-Bruni; 14 February 1602 – 14 January 1676) was a Venetian composer, organist and singer of the early Baroque period. He succeeded his teacher Claudio Monteverdi as the dominant and leading opera composer of the mid 17th-century. A central figure of Venetian musical life, Cavalli wrote more than forty operas, almost all of which premiered in the city's theaters. His best known works include Ormindo (1644), Giasone (1649) and La Calisto (1651).[1]

Imaginary portrait of Francesco Cavalli

Life

Cavalli was born at Crema, then an inland province of the Venetian Republic. He became a singer (boy soprano) at St Mark's Basilica in Venice in 1616, where he had the opportunity to work under the tutorship of Claudio Monteverdi. He became second organist in 1639, first organist in 1665, and in 1668 maestro di cappella. He took the name "Cavalli" from his patron, Venetian nobleman Federico Cavalli. Though he wrote prolifically for the church, he is chiefly remembered for his operas. He began to write for the stage in 1639 (Le nozze di Teti e di Peleo) soon after the first public opera house opened in Venice, the Teatro San Cassiano. He established so great a reputation that he was summoned to Paris from 1660 (when he revived his opera Xerse) until 1662, producing his Ercole amante. He died in Venice at the age of 73.

Music and influence

Cavalli was the most influential composer in the rising genre of public opera in mid-17th-century Venice. Unlike Monteverdi's early operas, scored for the extravagant court orchestra of Mantua, Cavalli's operas make use of a small orchestra of strings and basso continuo to meet the limitations of public opera houses.

Cavalli introduced melodious arias into his music and popular types into his libretti. His operas have a remarkably strong sense of dramatic effect as well as a great musical facility, and a grotesque humour which was characteristic of Italian opera down to the death of Alessandro Scarlatti. Cavalli's operas provide the only example of a continuous musical development of a single composer in a single genre from the early to the late 17th century in Venice — only a few operas by others (e.g., Monteverdi and Antonio Cesti) survive. The development is particularly interesting to scholars because opera was still quite a new medium when Cavalli began working, and had matured into a popular public spectacle by the end of his career.

Cavalli wrote forty-one operas, twenty-seven of which are extant, being preserved in the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana (Library of St Mark) in Venice. Copies of some of the operas also exist in other locations. In addition, two last operas (Coriolano and Masenzio), which are clearly attributed to him, are lost, as well as twelve other operas that have been attributed to him, though the music is lost and attribution impossible to prove.

In addition to operas, Cavalli wrote settings of the Magnificat in the grand Venetian polychoral style, settings of the Marian antiphons, other sacred music in a more conservative manner – notably a Requiem Mass in eight parts (SSAATTBB), probably intended for his own funeral – and some instrumental music.[2]

Sacred works

  • Musiche sacre concernenti messa, e salmi concertati con istromenti, imni, antifone et sonate (Venecia, 1656).
  • Messa, 8vv, 2 vn, vc, otros instrumentos ad libitum ed. R. Leppard (Londres, 1966).
  • Alma redemptoris mater, 2 S, A, T, B, ed. B. Stäblein, Musica divina, iv (Regensburg, 1950).
  • Ave maris stella, A, T, B.
  • Ave regina caelorum, T, B, ed. B. Stäblein, Musica divina, i (Regensburg, 1950).
  • Beatus vir, A, T, B, 2 vn, vc.
  • Confitebor tibi Domine, 8vv, 2 vn, vc
  • Credidi, 2 S, A, T, B, 2 vn, vc
  • Deus tuorum militum, A, T, B, 2 vn, vc
  • Dixit Dominus, 8vv, 2 vn, vc, other insts ad lib
  • Domine probasti, S, A, B, 2 vn, vc
  • Exultet orbis, 4vv, 2 vn, vc
  • In convertendo, 2 S, A, T, B
  • Iste confessor, 2 S, 2 vn, vc
  • Jesu corona virginum, A, T, B, 2 vn, vc
  • Laetatus sum, A, T, B, 2 vn, 3 va, ed. R. Leppard (London, 1969)
  • Lauda Jerusalem, 8vv, 2 vn, vc, other insts ad lib
  • Laudate Dominum, 8vv, 2 vn, vc, ed. R. Leppard (London, 1969)
  • Laudate pueri, 2 S, A, T, B, 2 vn, vc
  • Magnificat, 8vv, 2 vn, vc, other insts ad lib, ed. R. Leppard (London, 1969)
  • Nisi Dominus, 4vv, 2 vn, vc
  • Regina caeli, A, T, B, ed. B. Stäblein, Musica divina, ii (Regensburg, 1950)
  • Salve regina, A, 2 T, B, ed. B. Stäblein, Musica divina, iii (Regensburg, 1950)
  • Canzoni [sonate] a 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12; a 6 y a 12 ed. R. Nielsen (Bologna, 1955)
  • Vesperi, 8vv, bc (Venice, 1675)
  • Vespero della B.V. Maria: Dixit Dominus; Laudate pueri; Laetatus sum; Nisi Dominus; Lauda Jerusalem; Magnificat. ed. G. Piccioli (Milan, 1960); ed. F. Bussi (Milan, 1995)
  • Vespero delle domeniche: Dixit Dominus; Confitebor; Beatus vir; Laudate pueri; In exitu Israel; Laudate Dominum; Credidi; In convertendo; Domine probasti; Beati omnes; De profundis; Memento; Confitebor angelorum; Magnificat, ed. G. Piccioli (Milan, 1960); all ed. F. Bussi (Milan, 1995)
  • Vespero delle cinque Laudate ad uso della cappella di S Marco: Laudate pueri; Laudate Dominum laudate eum; Lauda anima mea; Laudate Dominum quoniam bonus; Lauda Jerusalem; Magnificat, ed. G. Piccioli (Milan, 1960); all ed. F. Bussi (Milan, 1995)
  • Cantate Domino, 1v, bc, 16252; ed. F. Vatielli, Antiche cantate spirituali (Turin, 1922)
  • O quam suavis, 1v, bc, 16453
  • Magnificat, 6vv, 2 vn, bc, 16505; ed. F. Bussi (Milan, 1988)
  • In virtute tua, 3vv, bc, 16561
  • O bone Jesu, 2vv, bc, 16561
  • Plaudite, cantate, 3vv, bc, 16561
  • Missa pro defunctis [Requiem], 8vv, bc, D-Bsb, Dlb; ed. F. Bussi (Milan, 1978)

Operas

Title Libretto Première date Place, theatre Notes
Le nozze di Teti e di Peleo Orazio Persiani 24 January 1639 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano  
Gli amori d'Apollo e di Dafne Giovanni Francesco Busenello 1640 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano  
La Didone Giovanni Francesco Busenello 1641 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano  
L'amore innamorato Giovanni Battista Fusconi 1 January 1642 Venice, Teatro San Moisè
Narciso et Ecco immortalati Orazio Persiani 30 January 1642 Venice, Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo lost
La virtù dei strali d'Amore Giovanni Faustini 1642 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano  
L'Egisto Giovanni Faustini autumn 1643 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano  
La Deidamia Scipione Herrico 5 January 1644 Venice, Teatro Novissimo lost
L'Ormindo Giovanni Faustini 1644 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano  
Il Romolo e 'l Remo Giulio Strozzi 1645 Venice, Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo lost
La Doriclea Giovanni Faustini 1645 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano  
Il Titone Giovanni Faustini 1645 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano lost
La prosperità infelice di Giulio Cesare dittatore Giovanni Francesco Busenello 1646 Venice, Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo lost
La Torilda Pietro Paolo Bissari 1648 Venice, Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo or Teatro San Cassiano lost
Il Giasone Giacinto Andrea Cicognini 5 January 1649 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano  
L'Euripo Giovanni Faustini 1649 Venice, Teatro San Moise lost
L'Orimonte Nicolò Minato 23 February 1650 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano  
La Bradamante Pietro Paolo Bissari 1650 Venice, Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo lost
L'Armidoro Bortolo Castoreo 20 January 1651 Venice, Teatro Sant 'Apollinare lost
L'Oristeo Giovanni Faustini 9 February 1651 Venice, Teatro Sant'Apollinare  
La Rosinda Giovanni Faustini 1651 Venice, Teatro Sant'Apollinare also known as Le magie amorose
La Calisto Giovanni Faustini 28 November 1651 Venice, Teatro Sant'Apollinare  
L'Eritrea Giovanni Faustini 17 January 1652 Venice, Teatro Sant'Apollinare  
La Veremonda, l'amazzone di Aragona Giacinto Andrea Cicognini and Giulio Strozzi 21 December 1652 Naples, Nuovo Teatro del Palazzo Reale also known as Il Delio
L'Orione Francesco Melosio June 1653 Milan, Teatro Real  
Il Xerse Nicolò Minato 12 January 1654 Venice, Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo  
Il Ciro Giulio Cesare Sorrentino[3][4] 30 January 1654 Venice, Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo in collaboration with Andrea Mattioli
L'Erismena Aurelio Aureli 30 December 1655 Venice, Teatro Sant'Apollinare  
Statira principessa di Persia Giovanni Francesco Busenello 18 January 1656 Venice, Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo  
L'Artemisia Nicolò Minato 10 January 1657 Venice, Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo  
L'Hipermestra Giovanni Andrea Moniglia 12 June 1658 Florence, Teatro degli Immobili  
L'Antioco Nicolò Minato 12 January 1659 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano lost
Il rapimento d'Helena Giovanni Faustini and Nicolò Minato 26 December 1659 Venice, Teatro San Cassiano also known as Elena
La pazzia in trono, ossia il Caligola delirante Domenico Gisberti 1660 Venice, Teatro Sant'Apollinare lost
Ercole amante Francesco Buti 7 February 1662 Paris, at the Salles des Machines in the Tuileries Palace Ballet music by Jean-Baptiste Lully
Scipione affricano Nicolò Minato 9 February 1664 Venice, Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo  
Muzio Scevola Giovanni Faustini and Nicolò Minato 26 January 1665 Venice, Teatro San Samuele  
Pompeo Magno Nicolò Minato 20 February 1666 Venice, Teatro San Salvatore  
Eliogabalo Aurelio Aureli composed 1667, premiered 2004 Venice, Teatro San Salvatore It was never staged and was replaced by another opera of the same name by Giovanni Antonio Boretti. Eliogabalo was first performed in 1999, in Crema, Italy.[5][6]
Coriolano Cristoforo Ivanovich 27 May 1669 Piacenza, Teatro Ducale lost
Masenzio Giacomo Francesco Bussani composed 1673 unperformed and lost

Modern performances

Cavalli's music was revived in the twentieth century. The Glyndebourne production of La Calisto is an example.[7] More recently, Hipermestra was performed at Glyndebourne in 2017.[8] The discography is extensive and Cavalli has featured in BBC Radio 3's Composer of the Week series.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Walker, Thomas (2001). "Cavalli [Caletti, Caletto, Bruni, Caletti-Bruni, Caletto Bruni], (Pietro) [Pier] Francesco". Grove Music Online. Revised by Irene Alm. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05207. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  2. ^ a b "Composer of the Week". Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  3. ^ Vincenzo Palmisciano. "Sulla biografia di Giulio Cesare Sorrentino". Studi secenteschi. LXI (2020): 295–298.
  4. ^ Vincenzo Palmisciano. "Un ritrovamento per Domenico Basile e due per Girolamo Fontanella". Studi secenteschi. LVI (2015): 417–420.
  5. ^ Ellen Rosand (ed), Readying Cavalli's Operas for the Stage: Manuscript, Edition, Production, Farnham/Burlington, Ashgate, 2013, p. 64, ISBN 9781409412182.
  6. ^ Fonseca-Wollheim, Corinna da (8 March 2013). "A Senate of Prostitutes? Now That's Opera!". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  7. ^ Ross, Alex, "Unsung: Rediscovering the Operas of Francesco Cavalli." The New Yorker, 25 May 2009, pp. 84–85.
  8. ^ "Hipermestra review – Cavalli comes in from the cold". Guardian. Retrieved 4 July 2017.

Further reading

External links

February 19, 2023
francesco, cavalli, born, pietro, francesco, caletti, bruni, february, 1602, january, 1676, venetian, composer, organist, singer, early, baroque, period, succeeded, teacher, claudio, monteverdi, dominant, leading, opera, composer, 17th, century, central, figur. Francesco Cavalli born Pietro Francesco Caletti Bruni 14 February 1602 14 January 1676 was a Venetian composer organist and singer of the early Baroque period He succeeded his teacher Claudio Monteverdi as the dominant and leading opera composer of the mid 17th century A central figure of Venetian musical life Cavalli wrote more than forty operas almost all of which premiered in the city s theaters His best known works include Ormindo 1644 Giasone 1649 and La Calisto 1651 1 Imaginary portrait of Francesco Cavalli Contents 1 Life 2 Music and influence 3 Sacred works 4 Operas 4 1 Modern performances 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksLife EditCavalli was born at Crema then an inland province of the Venetian Republic He became a singer boy soprano at St Mark s Basilica in Venice in 1616 where he had the opportunity to work under the tutorship of Claudio Monteverdi He became second organist in 1639 first organist in 1665 and in 1668 maestro di cappella He took the name Cavalli from his patron Venetian nobleman Federico Cavalli Though he wrote prolifically for the church he is chiefly remembered for his operas He began to write for the stage in 1639 Le nozze di Teti e di Peleo soon after the first public opera house opened in Venice the Teatro San Cassiano He established so great a reputation that he was summoned to Paris from 1660 when he revived his opera Xerse until 1662 producing his Ercole amante He died in Venice at the age of 73 Music and influence EditCavalli was the most influential composer in the rising genre of public opera in mid 17th century Venice Unlike Monteverdi s early operas scored for the extravagant court orchestra of Mantua Cavalli s operas make use of a small orchestra of strings and basso continuo to meet the limitations of public opera houses Cavalli introduced melodious arias into his music and popular types into his libretti His operas have a remarkably strong sense of dramatic effect as well as a great musical facility and a grotesque humour which was characteristic of Italian opera down to the death of Alessandro Scarlatti Cavalli s operas provide the only example of a continuous musical development of a single composer in a single genre from the early to the late 17th century in Venice only a few operas by others e g Monteverdi and Antonio Cesti survive The development is particularly interesting to scholars because opera was still quite a new medium when Cavalli began working and had matured into a popular public spectacle by the end of his career Cavalli wrote forty one operas twenty seven of which are extant being preserved in the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana Library of St Mark in Venice Copies of some of the operas also exist in other locations In addition two last operas Coriolano and Masenzio which are clearly attributed to him are lost as well as twelve other operas that have been attributed to him though the music is lost and attribution impossible to prove In addition to operas Cavalli wrote settings of the Magnificat in the grand Venetian polychoral style settings of the Marian antiphons other sacred music in a more conservative manner notably a Requiem Mass in eight parts SSAATTBB probably intended for his own funeral and some instrumental music 2 Sacred works EditMusiche sacre concernenti messa e salmi concertati con istromenti imni antifone et sonate Venecia 1656 Messa 8vv 2 vn vc otros instrumentos ad libitum ed R Leppard Londres 1966 Alma redemptoris mater 2 S A T B ed B Stablein Musica divina iv Regensburg 1950 Ave maris stella A T B Ave regina caelorum T B ed B Stablein Musica divina i Regensburg 1950 Beatus vir A T B 2 vn vc Confitebor tibi Domine 8vv 2 vn vc Credidi 2 S A T B 2 vn vc Deus tuorum militum A T B 2 vn vc Dixit Dominus 8vv 2 vn vc other insts ad lib Domine probasti S A B 2 vn vc Exultet orbis 4vv 2 vn vc In convertendo 2 S A T B Iste confessor 2 S 2 vn vc Jesu corona virginum A T B 2 vn vc Laetatus sum A T B 2 vn 3 va ed R Leppard London 1969 Lauda Jerusalem 8vv 2 vn vc other insts ad lib Laudate Dominum 8vv 2 vn vc ed R Leppard London 1969 Laudate pueri 2 S A T B 2 vn vc Magnificat 8vv 2 vn vc other insts ad lib ed R Leppard London 1969 Nisi Dominus 4vv 2 vn vc Regina caeli A T B ed B Stablein Musica divina ii Regensburg 1950 Salve regina A 2 T B ed B Stablein Musica divina iii Regensburg 1950 Canzoni sonate a 3 4 6 8 10 12 a 6 y a 12 ed R Nielsen Bologna 1955 Vesperi 8vv bc Venice 1675 Vespero della B V Maria Dixit Dominus Laudate pueri Laetatus sum Nisi Dominus Lauda Jerusalem Magnificat ed G Piccioli Milan 1960 ed F Bussi Milan 1995 Vespero delle domeniche Dixit Dominus Confitebor Beatus vir Laudate pueri In exitu Israel Laudate Dominum Credidi In convertendo Domine probasti Beati omnes De profundis Memento Confitebor angelorum Magnificat ed G Piccioli Milan 1960 all ed F Bussi Milan 1995 Vespero delle cinque Laudate ad uso della cappella di S Marco Laudate pueri Laudate Dominum laudate eum Lauda anima mea Laudate Dominum quoniam bonus Lauda Jerusalem Magnificat ed G Piccioli Milan 1960 all ed F Bussi Milan 1995 Cantate Domino 1v bc 16252 ed F Vatielli Antiche cantate spirituali Turin 1922 O quam suavis 1v bc 16453 Magnificat 6vv 2 vn bc 16505 ed F Bussi Milan 1988 In virtute tua 3vv bc 16561 O bone Jesu 2vv bc 16561 Plaudite cantate 3vv bc 16561 Missa pro defunctis Requiem 8vv bc D Bsb Dlb ed F Bussi Milan 1978 Operas EditTitle Libretto Premiere date Place theatre NotesLe nozze di Teti e di Peleo Orazio Persiani 24 January 1639 Venice Teatro San Cassiano Gli amori d Apollo e di Dafne Giovanni Francesco Busenello 1640 Venice Teatro San Cassiano La Didone Giovanni Francesco Busenello 1641 Venice Teatro San Cassiano L amore innamorato Giovanni Battista Fusconi 1 January 1642 Venice Teatro San MoiseNarciso et Ecco immortalati Orazio Persiani 30 January 1642 Venice Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo lostLa virtu dei strali d Amore Giovanni Faustini 1642 Venice Teatro San Cassiano L Egisto Giovanni Faustini autumn 1643 Venice Teatro San Cassiano La Deidamia Scipione Herrico 5 January 1644 Venice Teatro Novissimo lostL Ormindo Giovanni Faustini 1644 Venice Teatro San Cassiano Il Romolo e l Remo Giulio Strozzi 1645 Venice Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo lostLa Doriclea Giovanni Faustini 1645 Venice Teatro San Cassiano Il Titone Giovanni Faustini 1645 Venice Teatro San Cassiano lostLa prosperita infelice di Giulio Cesare dittatore Giovanni Francesco Busenello 1646 Venice Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo lostLa Torilda Pietro Paolo Bissari 1648 Venice Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo or Teatro San Cassiano lostIl Giasone Giacinto Andrea Cicognini 5 January 1649 Venice Teatro San Cassiano L Euripo Giovanni Faustini 1649 Venice Teatro San Moise lostL Orimonte Nicolo Minato 23 February 1650 Venice Teatro San Cassiano La Bradamante Pietro Paolo Bissari 1650 Venice Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo lostL Armidoro Bortolo Castoreo 20 January 1651 Venice Teatro Sant Apollinare lostL Oristeo Giovanni Faustini 9 February 1651 Venice Teatro Sant Apollinare La Rosinda Giovanni Faustini 1651 Venice Teatro Sant Apollinare also known as Le magie amoroseLa Calisto Giovanni Faustini 28 November 1651 Venice Teatro Sant Apollinare L Eritrea Giovanni Faustini 17 January 1652 Venice Teatro Sant Apollinare La Veremonda l amazzone di Aragona Giacinto Andrea Cicognini and Giulio Strozzi 21 December 1652 Naples Nuovo Teatro del Palazzo Reale also known as Il DelioL Orione Francesco Melosio June 1653 Milan Teatro Real Il Xerse Nicolo Minato 12 January 1654 Venice Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo Il Ciro Giulio Cesare Sorrentino 3 4 30 January 1654 Venice Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo in collaboration with Andrea MattioliL Erismena Aurelio Aureli 30 December 1655 Venice Teatro Sant Apollinare Statira principessa di Persia Giovanni Francesco Busenello 18 January 1656 Venice Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo L Artemisia Nicolo Minato 10 January 1657 Venice Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo L Hipermestra Giovanni Andrea Moniglia 12 June 1658 Florence Teatro degli Immobili L Antioco Nicolo Minato 12 January 1659 Venice Teatro San Cassiano lostIl rapimento d Helena Giovanni Faustini and Nicolo Minato 26 December 1659 Venice Teatro San Cassiano also known as ElenaLa pazzia in trono ossia il Caligola delirante Domenico Gisberti 1660 Venice Teatro Sant Apollinare lostErcole amante Francesco Buti 7 February 1662 Paris at the Salles des Machines in the Tuileries Palace Ballet music by Jean Baptiste LullyScipione affricano Nicolo Minato 9 February 1664 Venice Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo Muzio Scevola Giovanni Faustini and Nicolo Minato 26 January 1665 Venice Teatro San Samuele Pompeo Magno Nicolo Minato 20 February 1666 Venice Teatro San Salvatore Eliogabalo Aurelio Aureli composed 1667 premiered 2004 Venice Teatro San Salvatore It was never staged and was replaced by another opera of the same name by Giovanni Antonio Boretti Eliogabalo was first performed in 1999 in Crema Italy 5 6 Coriolano Cristoforo Ivanovich 27 May 1669 Piacenza Teatro Ducale lostMasenzio Giacomo Francesco Bussani composed 1673 unperformed and lostModern performances Edit Cavalli s music was revived in the twentieth century The Glyndebourne production of La Calisto is an example 7 More recently Hipermestra was performed at Glyndebourne in 2017 8 The discography is extensive and Cavalli has featured in BBC Radio 3 s Composer of the Week series 2 See also EditMusic of VeniceReferences Edit Walker Thomas 2001 Cavalli Caletti Caletto Bruni Caletti Bruni Caletto Bruni Pietro Pier Francesco Grove Music Online Revised by Irene Alm Oxford Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article 05207 subscription or UK public library membership required a b Composer of the Week Retrieved 5 August 2012 Vincenzo Palmisciano Sulla biografia di Giulio Cesare Sorrentino Studi secenteschi LXI 2020 295 298 Vincenzo Palmisciano Un ritrovamento per Domenico Basile e due per Girolamo Fontanella Studi secenteschi LVI 2015 417 420 Ellen Rosand ed Readying Cavalli s Operas for the Stage Manuscript Edition Production Farnham Burlington Ashgate 2013 p 64 ISBN 9781409412182 Fonseca Wollheim Corinna da 8 March 2013 A Senate of Prostitutes Now That s Opera The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 6 February 2023 Ross Alex Unsung Rediscovering the Operas of Francesco Cavalli The New Yorker 25 May 2009 pp 84 85 Hipermestra review Cavalli comes in from the cold Guardian Retrieved 4 July 2017 Further reading EditBukofzer Manfred Music in the Baroque Era New York W W Norton amp Company 1947 ISBN 0 393 09745 5 Glixon Beth L and Jonathan E Inventing the Business of Opera The Impresario and His World in Seventeenth Century Venice Oxford Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0 19 515416 9 Glover Jane Cavalli London Palgrave Macmillan 1978 ISBN 0 312 12546 1 Rosand Ellen Opera in Seventeenth Century Venice Berkeley University of California Press 1991 ISBN 0 520 06808 4 Selfridge Field Eleanor Venetian Instrumental Music from Gabrieli to Vivaldi New York Dover Publications 1994 ISBN 0 486 28151 5 Rismondo Paolo A Pietro Francesco Caletti Bruni detto il Cavalli tappe per una biografiaExternal links EditFree scores by Francesco Cavalli in the Choral Public Domain Library ChoralWiki Rodrigo Artaserse L 9 March 2005 Brief biography and discography in Italian Archived from the original on 16 June 2020 Retrieved 5 January 2009 Free scores by Francesco Cavalli at the International Music Score Library Project IMSLP Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Francesco Cavalli amp oldid 1137781678, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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