The roughly synonymous phrase a bene placito ('in accordance with [one's] good pleasure') is less common but, in its Italian form a piacere, has entered the musical lingua franca (see below).
The phrase "at liberty" is often associated mnemonically (because of the alliteration of the lib- syllable), although it is not the translation (there is no cognation between libitum and liber). Libido is the etymologically closer cognate known in English.
As a direction in sheet music, ad libitum indicates that the performer or conductor has one of a variety of types of discretion with respect to a given passage:
to play the passage in free time rather than in strict or "metronomic" tempo (a practice known as rubato when not expressly indicated by the composer);
to improvise a melodic line fitting the general structure prescribed by the passage's written notes or chords;
to omit an instrument part, such as a nonessential accompaniment, for the duration of the passage; or
in the phrase "repeat ad libitum", to play the passage an arbitrary number of times (cf.vamp).
Note that the direction a piacere (see above) has a more restricted meaning, generally referring to only the first two types of discretion. Baroque music, especially, has a written or implied ad libitum, with most composers intimating the freedom the performer and conductor have.
For post-Baroque classical music and jazz, see cadenza.
Other performing artsedit
"Ad-lib" is used to describe individual moments during live theatre when an actor speaks through their character using words not found in the play's text. When the entire performance is predicated on spontaneous creation, the process is called improvisational theatre.
In film, the term ad-lib usually refers to the interpolation of unscripted material in an otherwise scripted performance. For example, in interviews, Dustin Hoffman says he ad-libbed the now famous line, "I'm walking here! I'm walking here!" as "Ratso" Rizzo in Midnight Cowboy (1970). While filming at a streetcorner, the scene was interrupted by a taxi driver. Hoffman wanted to say, "We're filming a movie here!", but stayed in character, allowing the take to be used.[1]
Some actors are also known for their ability or tendency to ad-lib, such as Peter Falk of the television series Columbo. When performing as Colombo, Falk would ad-lib such mannerisms as absent-mindedness, fumbling through his pockets, or asking for a pencil, all in a deliberate attempt to frustrate his co-stars in the scene and obtain a more genuine reaction.[2]
Live performers such as televisiontalk-show hosts sometimes deliver material that sounds ad-libbed but is actually scripted. They may employ ad-lib writers to prepare such material.[3]
Ehrlich, Eugene (1985). Amo, Amas, Amat and More. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. p. 23. ISBN9780061812491.
November 27, 2023
libitum, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspap. Ad lib redirects here For other uses see Ad lib disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Ad libitum news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message In music and other performing arts the phrase ad libitum ae d ˈ l ɪ b ɪ t e m from Latin for at one s pleasure or as you desire often shortened to ad lib as an adjective or adverb or ad lib as a verb or noun refers to various forms of improvisation The roughly synonymous phrase a bene placito in accordance with one s good pleasure is less common but in its Italian form a piacere has entered the musical lingua franca see below The phrase at liberty is often associated mnemonically because of the alliteration of the lib syllable although it is not the translation there is no cognation between libitum and liber Libido is the etymologically closer cognate known in English Contents 1 Music 2 Other performing arts 3 See also 4 ReferencesMusic editAs a direction in sheet music ad libitum indicates that the performer or conductor has one of a variety of types of discretion with respect to a given passage to play the passage in free time rather than in strict or metronomic tempo a practice known as rubato when not expressly indicated by the composer to improvise a melodic line fitting the general structure prescribed by the passage s written notes or chords to omit an instrument part such as a nonessential accompaniment for the duration of the passage or in the phrase repeat ad libitum to play the passage an arbitrary number of times cf vamp Note that the direction a piacere see above has a more restricted meaning generally referring to only the first two types of discretion Baroque music especially has a written or implied ad libitum with most composers intimating the freedom the performer and conductor have For post Baroque classical music and jazz see cadenza Other performing arts edit Ad lib is used to describe individual moments during live theatre when an actor speaks through their character using words not found in the play s text When the entire performance is predicated on spontaneous creation the process is called improvisational theatre In film the term ad lib usually refers to the interpolation of unscripted material in an otherwise scripted performance For example in interviews Dustin Hoffman says he ad libbed the now famous line I m walking here I m walking here as Ratso Rizzo in Midnight Cowboy 1970 While filming at a streetcorner the scene was interrupted by a taxi driver Hoffman wanted to say We re filming a movie here but stayed in character allowing the take to be used 1 Some actors are also known for their ability or tendency to ad lib such as Peter Falk of the television series Columbo When performing as Colombo Falk would ad lib such mannerisms as absent mindedness fumbling through his pockets or asking for a pencil all in a deliberate attempt to frustrate his co stars in the scene and obtain a more genuine reaction 2 Live performers such as television talk show hosts sometimes deliver material that sounds ad libbed but is actually scripted They may employ ad lib writers to prepare such material 3 The HBO sitcom Curb Your Enthusiasm by Seinfeld co creator Larry David primarily uses retroscripting and ad lib instead of scripted dialogue See also edit nbsp Look up ad libitum in Wiktionary the free dictionary List of Latin phrases Ad infinitum Ad nauseam Improvisation Mad LibsReferences edit Onda David Greatest Unscripted Movie Moments Xfinity Archived from the original on August 17 2012 Retrieved September 20 2012 Falk Peter August 24 2007 Just One More Thing Da Capo Press ISBN 978 0 7867 1939 6 Wilson Earl 15 July 1951 That s Earl Brother Milwaukee Sentinel Retrieved 2015 06 12 Ehrlich Eugene 1985 Amo Amas Amat and More New York Harper amp Row Publishers p 23 ISBN 9780061812491 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ad libitum amp oldid 1185776626, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
