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Czech Republic–Russia relations

January 07, 2023

Czech Republic–Russia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation. Relations have substantially deteriorated in recent years due to events such as the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russian sabotage of Czech ammunition depot in Vrbětice in 2014, poisoning of Sergei Skripal in 2018 and Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

Czech Republic–Russia relations

Czech Republic
Russia

Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe (however, in case of Russia, suspended[1]) and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. The Czech Republic has an embassy in Moscow. The Russian Federation has an embassy in Prague.

History

Background

See also: Pan-Slavism in the Czech lands and Slovakia and Munich Agreement

During the entire medieval period and early modern period, the Czech lands, in the form of Duchy of Bohemia and Kingdom of Bohemia, were aligned with the Catholic Holy Roman Empire and later Austrian Empire.

Czechoslovakia recognized the Soviet Union de jure and the countries established diplomatic relations in June 1934. On 16 May 1935, the Czechoslovak–Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance was signed between the two governments that followed the similar treaty between the USSR and France, which was Czechoslovakia's major ally.[2]

Following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia and the establishment of the pro-German Slovak state in March 1939, the Soviet Union promptly recognized the new status quo and terminated diplomatic relations with Czech representatives. Shortly after the Munich Agreement, many Czechoslovak Communists gained asylum in the Soviet Union, however hundreds of non-communist refugees were sent to labour camps.[3]

Following World War II and the USSR-backed pro-Soviet coup d'état in February 1948, Czechoslovakia became part of the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc and was one of the founding members of the Warsaw Pact in May 1955. In August 1968, in response to the Prague Spring pro-democracy reforms of the Czech government, the Soviet-led invasion re-established the hardline Communist rule by force. 108 Czechs and Slovaks died and approximately 500 were wounded as a direct result of the invasion. This damaged relations between the two countries.

1989–2020

Following the Velvet Revolution of 1989 and the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in January 1993, Russia immediately recognized the independent Czech Republic and the two states established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1993.[4] During an official visit by Russia′s president Boris Yeltsin to the Czech Republic in August 1993, the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation was signed by Yeltsin and Czech president Václav Havel.[4]

The independent Czech Republic re-aligned its foreign policy and economic interests with Western allies throughout the 1990's, and joined NATO in march 1999 and the European Union in May 2004.

In December 2011, Russian president Dmitry Medvedev visited Prague, to sign economic contracts and cultural exchange. Both countries consider each other as an important economic partner.

As a response to the Russian military intervention in Ukraine from 2014, the Czech Republic has participated in enacting economic sanctions against Russia. In March 2018, the Czech Republic expelled three Russian diplomats as a reaction to the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in the United Kingdom.[5]

In March 2018, the Czech Republic arrested and extradited a Russian hacker into the United States on American request.[6]

In late 2010s, the controversy about the statue of Ivan Konev in Prague has been one of the issues that caught public attention in this area.[7]

Miloš Zeman, president of the Czech Republic from March 2013, has been described as "one of the European Union's most Kremlin-friendly leaders", with some of his close aides said to be agents of Russian intelligence.[8][9] Zeman has supported Russia on issues such as the Russo-Ukrainian War, thereby defying NATO′s and EU′s official policies.[10]

2021–present

On 17 April 2021, the Czech prime minister Andrej Babiš announced that the Czech Republic was expelling 18 Russian diplomats it had identified as GRU and SVR spies — after the Czech intelligence agencies had concluded that Russian military intelligence officers, namely members of Russian military intelligence GRU's unit 29155, were involved in two massive ammunition depot explosions in Vrbětice (part of Vlachovice), near the Czech-Slovak border, in October 2014.[11] Shortly after, the Czech Republic formally informed the NATO allies on the matter and requested a joint statement at the NATO level as well as a follow-up North Atlantic Council meeting "to discuss other possible coordinated steps".[12] In the wake of the expulsion, Bloomberg News commented that "in a rare act of unity, Zeman took the government’s side against Putin".[13] The Russian government responded by expelling 20 Czech diplomats.[14]

Following Russia's own diplomatic response of expelling Czech diplomats, the newly appointed Czech foreign minister Jakub Kulhánek on 21 April gave the Russian government an ultimatum saying Russia had until 12 p.m. the next day to allow the return of all the Czech diplomats it had expelled from Moscow back to the Czech Embassy in Moscow and if that did not happen "he would cut the number of Russian Embassy staff in Prague so it would correspond to the current situation at the Czech Embassy in Moscow".[15] On 22 April, as Russia refused to abide with the Czech demands in returning Czech staff to the Embassy in Moscow, the Czech foreign ministry announced it was reducing and capping the number of staff at the Russian Embassy in Prague at the current number of their staff in Moscow; the Russian embassy staff were required to leave the Czech Republic by 31 May 2021.[16] The Czech government response was followed with support by a number of other EU countries expelling Russia′s diplomatic personnel.[17][18][19][20] The Russian government responded by setting the Czech Republic on its 'unfriendly countries list' along with the United States. As a result the Czech embassy in Moscow are allowed to only hire up to 19 Russian locals, while the U.S. embassy in Moscow are not allowed to hire any Russian locals.[21][22]

Trade

 
Russian gas pipelines in Europe

The value of trade between the Czech Republic and Russia is in billions of US dollars. Most imports from Russia into the Czech Republic are raw materials such as fuels and metals; exports from the Czech Republic to Russia are mostly manufactured products.[23]

However, Russia was a smaller trade partner for the Czech Republic in 2016 following its economic downturn in 2015, as it was the destination of only 1.7% for Czech exports in 2016.[24] The vast majority of exports from the Czech Republic go to other EU members[25] (84.1% in 2016)[24] while most imports into the Czech Republic come from other EU members (76,6% in 2013)[26] or from China (7,3% in 2016).[27] Despite that Czech-Russian trade was still higher than with US trade, reaching 9.21 billion US dollar for the Czech Republic in 2019. Czech exports to Russia grew 38.8% in 2016 to 2019.[28]

Public opinion

 
A caricature of a Russian matryoshka doll as a symbol of communism in a museum in Prague

While economic relations were good prior to the 2014 sanctions, and the Czech Republic is a common tourist destination for Russians, the Czech people themselves tend to be distrustful of Russia due to the Soviet invasion of 1968, and tend to hold a negative opinion of Russians as a legacy of Soviet-era conflicts.[29] Among Czechs, Russia continuously remains one of the most negatively perceived countries in public opinion polls, and in 2016 only 26% of Czechs responded that they have either a "very favorable" or "favorable" opinion about Russia (versus 37% responding "unfavorable" or "very unfavorable"). For comparison, in the same poll, Czechs had similarly limited "very favorable" or "favorable" responses for other Eastern European countries (Ukraine 22%; Serbia 27%) and more "very favorable" or "favorable" responses for Western European countries (France 69%; U.K. 67%).[30]

Russia's espionage and other illicit activity in Czech Republic

See also: 2014 Vrbětice ammunition warehouses explosions

The 2006 annual report by the Czech intelligence agency, Security Information Service (BIS), spoke of high levels of Russian espionage in the Czech Republic and highlighted "security risks including an increasing influence by organized crime in the state sector".[31] The report also stated that "intelligence services of the Russian Federation operating on Czech territory organize media campaigns and other activities supporting Russian interests" and that the Czech Republic has been targeted by Russia due to its membership in NATO and the EU reflecting Russia's interests to acquire information about the functioning of these institutions.[31] Russian influence has especially targeted Russian economic interests in the Czech Republic[32] (i.e. the energy sector),[31] but has also infiltrated into politics and media.[33] The Russian intelligence activity focused on pro-Russian propaganda and on political, scientific, technical and economic espionage.[33]

In 2009, two Russian diplomats were expelled from the Czech Republic due to espionage.[34] As of 2015, according to the Security Information Service, the most active foreign espionage in the Czech Republic originated from Russia, followed by China.

As of 2017, there were 140 Russian nationals accredited in the Czech Republic as diplomats, a disproportionately large number compared to other countries, and also compared to only 65 Czech diplomats in Russia.[35] Senior representatives of the 40,000-strong ethnic Russian community in the Czech Republic has accused the Russian Embassy of attempting to recruit the community′s members as agents of influence, setting up the Coordinating Council of the Russian Compatriots in the Czech Republic.[36]

In December 2018, the BIS revealed that it prevented the activity of dozens of Russian spies during the previous five years, and earlier that year it uncovered and broke up a network of Russian intelligence informants.[37][38]

According to a 2016 study by the Czech Masaryk University in Brno, pro-Russian websites Sputnik and Parlamentní listy are major pro-Russian in the Czech Republic; the latter of which is described by the report as a particular source of disinformation along with several other publications.[39] Russian information war focuses on spreading misinformation about the EU and NATO, trying to change public perception of Russia and bribing local politicians.[35] Czech officials estimate that the Russian government is behind approximately 40 Czech-language websites presenting radical views, conspiracy theories and inaccurate reports.[40] According to Tomáš Prouza, the "key goal of Russian propaganda in the Czech Republic is to sow doubts into the minds of the people that democracy is the best system to organize a country, to build negative images of the European Union and NATO, and [to] discourage people from participation in the democratic processes".[40]

In 2017, a special unit, the Centre Against Terrorism and Hybrid Threats, was founded under the Ministry of the Interior to counter the threats from Russia among other issues.[40] Czech investigative journalists publish an up-to date list of pro-Russian publications.[41]

Russians in the Czech Republic

 
Protest of Russians living in the Czech Republic against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

Immigration

There is an immigrant minority of 33 970 Russian citizens with a residence permit in the Czech Republic for a period of 12 months or more, as of 2016. It is the fourth largest immigrant group after Slovaks, Ukrainians and Vietnamese, followed by Germans.[42] Russians have the largest proportion of university educated individuals among other immigrant groups.[43] Most incoming Russians are members of the middle or upper classes and their reasons for migration into the Czech Republic are desire for a life in the European Union, better healthcare in the Czech Republic, high levels of corruption in Russia and also political reasons. Russian immigrants have large proportion of business people in comparison with other immigrant groups.[44]

Tourism

The Czech Republic is a popular destination for Russian tourists. In 2017, over 550,000 Russians visited the country.[45]

References

  1. ^ "Council of Europe suspends Russia's rights of representation". www.coe.int. 25 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  2. ^ Institute of Marxism–Leninism of the CPCz CC, Institute of Marxism–Leninism of the CPS CC. An Outline of the History of the CPCz. Prague: Orbis Press Agency, 1980. p. 158.
  3. ^ Dvořák, Jan; Horník, Jan; Hradilek, Adam. "Portréty deportovaných ve světle dokumentů NKVD" (PDF). ÚSTR. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Отношения с Российской Федерацией". www.mzv.cz/moscow/ (in Russian). Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  5. ^ Julian Borger, Patrick Wintour, Heather Stewart. Czechs expel three Russian diplomats after UK chemical attack. Reuters. Published on 26 March 2018.
  6. ^ Czech Republic defies Russia, extradites 'hacker' to United States. Deutsche Welle. 30.03.2018.
  7. ^ Moscow, Reuters in (2020-04-10). "Russia opens criminal case after Czech officials remove Soviet statue". the Guardian. Retrieved 2021-07-28.
  8. ^ "Czech PM's Remarks On 2014 Blasts Trigger Outrage, Underscore Split Over Russia Ties". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 20 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  9. ^ "How Czech President Miloš Zeman Became Putin's Man". observer.com. 26 January 2018. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  10. ^ "Czech president Milos Zeman in war of words over Russia stance". Financial Times. 9 February 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  11. ^ "Czech Republic Expels 18 Russian Diplomats Over Depot Blast; Searches For Skripal Poisoning Suspects". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 17 April 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  12. ^ "Czech Republic informs NATO allies why it expelled Russian embassy staff". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Czech Republic. 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2021-04-22.
  13. ^ "Russia's Circle of Friends Just Got Smaller in East Europe". Bloomberg News. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2021-04-23.
  14. ^ "Livid Russia expels 20 Czechs after blast blamed on Skripal suspects". Reuters. 18 April 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  15. ^ "Prague Gives Moscow Ultimatum As Diplomatic Spat Escalates". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 21 April 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  16. ^ "Czechia will reduce and cap the number of Russian embassy workers". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Czech Republic. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2021-04-22.
  17. ^ "Slovakia expels three Russian embassy staff in solidarity with Czechs". Reuters. 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2021-04-23.
  18. ^ "Baltic nations expel Russian diplomats in support of Czech Republic". Euronews. 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  19. ^ "Moscow, Prague To Keep Equal Number Of Staff At Each Other's Embassies, Says Czech Foreign Minister". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  20. ^ "EU's Baltic states expel four Russian diplomats in solidarity with Prague". France 24. 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  21. ^ "Russia deems U.S., Czech Republic 'unfriendly', limits embassy hires". Reuters.
  22. ^ "Russia lists US, Czech Republic as 'unfriendly states'". Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  23. ^ Rusko: Obchodní a ekonomická spolupráce s ČR (Czech). BusinessInfo.cz. 23. 6. 2017.
  24. ^ a b Vyvážené zboží míří z 84 procent do EU. Do Ruska jde minimum. ČT24. 13. 9. 2016.
  25. ^ . CIA The World Factbook.
  26. ^ Podíl dovozu ze zemí EU 28 na celkovém dovozu (%) (Czech). Czech Statistical Office.
  27. ^ . CIA The World Factbook.
  28. ^ "Czechia". OEC. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  29. ^ "In Eastern Europe, Pact With Russians Raises Old Specters". The New York Times. 7 April 2010.
  30. ^ Milan Tuček. Sympatie české veřejnosti k některým zemím – listopad 2016 (in Czech). CVVM. Published on 5 January 2017.
  31. ^ a b c CZECH INTELLIGENCE: HALF OF RUSSIA’S DIPLOMATS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ARE SPIES. Czech Radio.
  32. ^ "Russian Spy Tale Rattles Czechs". New York Times. 23 December 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  33. ^ a b Russian Intelligence Waging Information War, Says Czech Security Service
  34. ^ Russia expels 2 Czech diplomats in spy row
  35. ^ a b John R. Schindler. Putin’s Central European Spy Base. New York Observer. 05/18/17.
  36. ^ "How Russians Pay to Play in Other Countries". New York Times. 30 December 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  37. ^ [Rozbili jsme síť jedné z ruských zpravodajských služeb, reaguje ředitel BIS na Zemanovy „čučkaře“ https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/domaci/2673755-rozbili-jsme-sit-jedne-z-ruskych-zpravodajskych-sluzeb-reaguje-reditel-bis-na] (in Czech). ČT24. 8.12.2018.
  38. ^ Prohlášení ředitele BIS Michala Koudelky k činnosti služby (in Czech). bis.cz. 7.12.2018.
  39. ^ Analýza „prokremelských“ webů: šíří vlnu zloby a půl procenta soucitu (Czech). Mladá fronta DNES. June 13, 2016
  40. ^ a b c Robert Tait. Czech Republic to fight 'fake news' with specialist unit. 28 December 2016.
  41. ^ PROPAGANDA MASKOVANÁ BOJEM ZA SVOBODU A DEMOKRACII (in Czech). Neovlivní.cz. 7.11.2016.
  42. ^ R07 Cizinci s pobytem nad 12 měsíců podle státního občanství v letech 2008 - 2016 (k 31. 12.)
  43. ^ Cizinci v ČR: Vietnamci u nás zakořenili. Czech Statistical Office.
  44. ^ Jan Němec. Rusů v Česku stále přibývá. Jsou už třetí nejpočetnější skupinou imigrantů (in Czech). Hospodářské noviny. 2. 11. 2017
  45. ^ Rusové se vrací. Počet zahraničních turistů v Česku přesáhl rekordních deset milionů - E15.cz (in Czech). 2018-04-28. E15.cz.

External links

  • Consulate-General of the Czech Republic in Saint Petersburg (in Russian)
  • Embassy of the Russian Federation in Prague

January 07, 2023
czech, republic, russia, relations, bilateral, foreign, relations, between, czech, republic, russian, federation, relations, have, substantially, deteriorated, recent, years, events, such, russian, annexation, crimea, 2014, russian, sabotage, czech, ammunition. Czech Republic Russia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation Relations have substantially deteriorated in recent years due to events such as the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 Russian sabotage of Czech ammunition depot in Vrbetice in 2014 poisoning of Sergei Skripal in 2018 and Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 Czech Republic Russia relationsCzech Republic RussiaBoth countries are full members of the Council of Europe however in case of Russia suspended 1 and the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe The Czech Republic has an embassy in Moscow The Russian Federation has an embassy in Prague Contents 1 History 1 1 Background 1 2 1989 2020 1 3 2021 present 2 Trade 3 Public opinion 4 Russia s espionage and other illicit activity in Czech Republic 5 Russians in the Czech Republic 5 1 Immigration 5 2 Tourism 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditBackground Edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2021 See also Pan Slavism in the Czech lands and Slovakia and Munich Agreement During the entire medieval period and early modern period the Czech lands in the form of Duchy of Bohemia and Kingdom of Bohemia were aligned with the Catholic Holy Roman Empire and later Austrian Empire Czechoslovakia recognized the Soviet Union de jure and the countries established diplomatic relations in June 1934 On 16 May 1935 the Czechoslovak Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance was signed between the two governments that followed the similar treaty between the USSR and France which was Czechoslovakia s major ally 2 Following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia and the establishment of the pro German Slovak state in March 1939 the Soviet Union promptly recognized the new status quo and terminated diplomatic relations with Czech representatives Shortly after the Munich Agreement many Czechoslovak Communists gained asylum in the Soviet Union however hundreds of non communist refugees were sent to labour camps 3 Following World War II and the USSR backed pro Soviet coup d etat in February 1948 Czechoslovakia became part of the Soviet led Eastern Bloc and was one of the founding members of the Warsaw Pact in May 1955 In August 1968 in response to the Prague Spring pro democracy reforms of the Czech government the Soviet led invasion re established the hardline Communist rule by force 108 Czechs and Slovaks died and approximately 500 were wounded as a direct result of the invasion This damaged relations between the two countries 1989 2020 Edit Following the Velvet Revolution of 1989 and the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in January 1993 Russia immediately recognized the independent Czech Republic and the two states established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1993 4 During an official visit by Russia s president Boris Yeltsin to the Czech Republic in August 1993 the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation was signed by Yeltsin and Czech president Vaclav Havel 4 The independent Czech Republic re aligned its foreign policy and economic interests with Western allies throughout the 1990 s and joined NATO in march 1999 and the European Union in May 2004 In December 2011 Russian president Dmitry Medvedev visited Prague to sign economic contracts and cultural exchange Both countries consider each other as an important economic partner European Union green and Russia orange As a response to the Russian military intervention in Ukraine from 2014 the Czech Republic has participated in enacting economic sanctions against Russia In March 2018 the Czech Republic expelled three Russian diplomats as a reaction to the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in the United Kingdom 5 In March 2018 the Czech Republic arrested and extradited a Russian hacker into the United States on American request 6 In late 2010s the controversy about the statue of Ivan Konev in Prague has been one of the issues that caught public attention in this area 7 Milos Zeman president of the Czech Republic from March 2013 has been described as one of the European Union s most Kremlin friendly leaders with some of his close aides said to be agents of Russian intelligence 8 9 Zeman has supported Russia on issues such as the Russo Ukrainian War thereby defying NATO s and EU s official policies 10 2021 present Edit On 17 April 2021 the Czech prime minister Andrej Babis announced that the Czech Republic was expelling 18 Russian diplomats it had identified as GRU and SVR spies after the Czech intelligence agencies had concluded that Russian military intelligence officers namely members of Russian military intelligence GRU s unit 29155 were involved in two massive ammunition depot explosions in Vrbetice part of Vlachovice near the Czech Slovak border in October 2014 11 Shortly after the Czech Republic formally informed the NATO allies on the matter and requested a joint statement at the NATO level as well as a follow up North Atlantic Council meeting to discuss other possible coordinated steps 12 In the wake of the expulsion Bloomberg News commented that in a rare act of unity Zeman took the government s side against Putin 13 The Russian government responded by expelling 20 Czech diplomats 14 Following Russia s own diplomatic response of expelling Czech diplomats the newly appointed Czech foreign minister Jakub Kulhanek on 21 April gave the Russian government an ultimatum saying Russia had until 12 p m the next day to allow the return of all the Czech diplomats it had expelled from Moscow back to the Czech Embassy in Moscow and if that did not happen he would cut the number of Russian Embassy staff in Prague so it would correspond to the current situation at the Czech Embassy in Moscow 15 On 22 April as Russia refused to abide with the Czech demands in returning Czech staff to the Embassy in Moscow the Czech foreign ministry announced it was reducing and capping the number of staff at the Russian Embassy in Prague at the current number of their staff in Moscow the Russian embassy staff were required to leave the Czech Republic by 31 May 2021 16 The Czech government response was followed with support by a number of other EU countries expelling Russia s diplomatic personnel 17 18 19 20 The Russian government responded by setting the Czech Republic on its unfriendly countries list along with the United States As a result the Czech embassy in Moscow are allowed to only hire up to 19 Russian locals while the U S embassy in Moscow are not allowed to hire any Russian locals 21 22 Trade Edit Russian gas pipelines in Europe The value of trade between the Czech Republic and Russia is in billions of US dollars Most imports from Russia into the Czech Republic are raw materials such as fuels and metals exports from the Czech Republic to Russia are mostly manufactured products 23 However Russia was a smaller trade partner for the Czech Republic in 2016 following its economic downturn in 2015 as it was the destination of only 1 7 for Czech exports in 2016 24 The vast majority of exports from the Czech Republic go to other EU members 25 84 1 in 2016 24 while most imports into the Czech Republic come from other EU members 76 6 in 2013 26 or from China 7 3 in 2016 27 Despite that Czech Russian trade was still higher than with US trade reaching 9 21 billion US dollar for the Czech Republic in 2019 Czech exports to Russia grew 38 8 in 2016 to 2019 28 Public opinion Edit A caricature of a Russian matryoshka doll as a symbol of communism in a museum in Prague While economic relations were good prior to the 2014 sanctions and the Czech Republic is a common tourist destination for Russians the Czech people themselves tend to be distrustful of Russia due to the Soviet invasion of 1968 and tend to hold a negative opinion of Russians as a legacy of Soviet era conflicts 29 Among Czechs Russia continuously remains one of the most negatively perceived countries in public opinion polls and in 2016 only 26 of Czechs responded that they have either a very favorable or favorable opinion about Russia versus 37 responding unfavorable or very unfavorable For comparison in the same poll Czechs had similarly limited very favorable or favorable responses for other Eastern European countries Ukraine 22 Serbia 27 and more very favorable or favorable responses for Western European countries France 69 U K 67 30 Russia s espionage and other illicit activity in Czech Republic EditSee also 2014 Vrbetice ammunition warehouses explosions NATO green and Russia orange The 2006 annual report by the Czech intelligence agency Security Information Service BIS spoke of high levels of Russian espionage in the Czech Republic and highlighted security risks including an increasing influence by organized crime in the state sector 31 The report also stated that intelligence services of the Russian Federation operating on Czech territory organize media campaigns and other activities supporting Russian interests and that the Czech Republic has been targeted by Russia due to its membership in NATO and the EU reflecting Russia s interests to acquire information about the functioning of these institutions 31 Russian influence has especially targeted Russian economic interests in the Czech Republic 32 i e the energy sector 31 but has also infiltrated into politics and media 33 The Russian intelligence activity focused on pro Russian propaganda and on political scientific technical and economic espionage 33 In 2009 two Russian diplomats were expelled from the Czech Republic due to espionage 34 As of 2015 according to the Security Information Service the most active foreign espionage in the Czech Republic originated from Russia followed by China As of 2017 there were 140 Russian nationals accredited in the Czech Republic as diplomats a disproportionately large number compared to other countries and also compared to only 65 Czech diplomats in Russia 35 Senior representatives of the 40 000 strong ethnic Russian community in the Czech Republic has accused the Russian Embassy of attempting to recruit the community s members as agents of influence setting up the Coordinating Council of the Russian Compatriots in the Czech Republic 36 In December 2018 the BIS revealed that it prevented the activity of dozens of Russian spies during the previous five years and earlier that year it uncovered and broke up a network of Russian intelligence informants 37 38 According to a 2016 study by the Czech Masaryk University in Brno pro Russian websites Sputnik and Parlamentni listy are major pro Russian in the Czech Republic the latter of which is described by the report as a particular source of disinformation along with several other publications 39 Russian information war focuses on spreading misinformation about the EU and NATO trying to change public perception of Russia and bribing local politicians 35 Czech officials estimate that the Russian government is behind approximately 40 Czech language websites presenting radical views conspiracy theories and inaccurate reports 40 According to Tomas Prouza the key goal of Russian propaganda in the Czech Republic is to sow doubts into the minds of the people that democracy is the best system to organize a country to build negative images of the European Union and NATO and to discourage people from participation in the democratic processes 40 In 2017 a special unit the Centre Against Terrorism and Hybrid Threats was founded under the Ministry of the Interior to counter the threats from Russia among other issues 40 Czech investigative journalists publish an up to date list of pro Russian publications 41 Russians in the Czech Republic Edit Protest of Russians living in the Czech Republic against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Immigration Edit There is an immigrant minority of 33 970 Russian citizens with a residence permit in the Czech Republic for a period of 12 months or more as of 2016 It is the fourth largest immigrant group after Slovaks Ukrainians and Vietnamese followed by Germans 42 Russians have the largest proportion of university educated individuals among other immigrant groups 43 Most incoming Russians are members of the middle or upper classes and their reasons for migration into the Czech Republic are desire for a life in the European Union better healthcare in the Czech Republic high levels of corruption in Russia and also political reasons Russian immigrants have large proportion of business people in comparison with other immigrant groups 44 Tourism Edit The Czech Republic is a popular destination for Russian tourists In 2017 over 550 000 Russians visited the country 45 References Edit Council of Europe suspends Russia s rights of representation www coe int 25 February 2022 Retrieved 1 March 2022 Institute of Marxism Leninism of the CPCz CC Institute of Marxism Leninism of the CPS CC An Outline of the History of the CPCz Prague Orbis Press Agency 1980 p 158 Dvorak Jan Hornik Jan Hradilek Adam Portrety deportovanych ve svetle dokumentu NKVD PDF USTR Retrieved 18 June 2015 a b Otnosheniya s Rossijskoj Federaciej www mzv cz moscow in Russian Retrieved 22 April 2021 Julian Borger Patrick Wintour Heather Stewart Czechs expel three Russian diplomats after UK chemical attack Reuters Published on 26 March 2018 Czech Republic defies Russia extradites hacker to United States Deutsche Welle 30 03 2018 Moscow Reuters in 2020 04 10 Russia opens criminal case after Czech officials remove Soviet statue the Guardian Retrieved 2021 07 28 Czech PM s Remarks On 2014 Blasts Trigger Outrage Underscore Split Over Russia Ties Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty 20 April 2021 Retrieved 21 April 2021 How Czech President Milos Zeman Became Putin s Man observer com 26 January 2018 Retrieved 22 April 2021 Czech president Milos Zeman in war of words over Russia stance Financial Times 9 February 2015 Retrieved 22 April 2021 Czech Republic Expels 18 Russian Diplomats Over Depot Blast Searches For Skripal Poisoning Suspects Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty 17 April 2021 Retrieved April 18 2021 Czech Republic informs NATO allies why it expelled Russian embassy staff Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Czech Republic 2021 04 21 Retrieved 2021 04 22 Russia s Circle of Friends Just Got Smaller in East Europe Bloomberg News 2021 04 22 Retrieved 2021 04 23 Livid Russia expels 20 Czechs after blast blamed on Skripal suspects Reuters 18 April 2021 Retrieved 6 September 2021 Prague Gives Moscow Ultimatum As Diplomatic Spat Escalates Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty 21 April 2021 Retrieved 22 April 2021 Czechia will reduce and cap the number of Russian embassy workers Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Czech Republic 2021 04 22 Retrieved 2021 04 22 Slovakia expels three Russian embassy staff in solidarity with Czechs Reuters 2021 04 22 Retrieved 2021 04 23 Baltic nations expel Russian diplomats in support of Czech Republic Euronews 2021 04 23 Retrieved 2021 04 24 Moscow Prague To Keep Equal Number Of Staff At Each Other s Embassies Says Czech Foreign Minister Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty 2021 04 23 Retrieved 2021 04 24 EU s Baltic states expel four Russian diplomats in solidarity with Prague France 24 2021 04 23 Retrieved 2021 04 24 Russia deems U S Czech Republic unfriendly limits embassy hires Reuters Russia lists US Czech Republic as unfriendly states Retrieved 6 September 2021 Rusko Obchodni a ekonomicka spoluprace s CR Czech BusinessInfo cz 23 6 2017 a b Vyvazene zbozi miri z 84 procent do EU Do Ruska jde minimum CT24 13 9 2016 FIELD LISTING EXPORTS PARTNERS CIA The World Factbook Podil dovozu ze zemi EU 28 na celkovem dovozu Czech Czech Statistical Office FIELD LISTING IMPORTS PARTNERS CIA The World Factbook Czechia OEC Retrieved 6 September 2021 In Eastern Europe Pact With Russians Raises Old Specters The New York Times 7 April 2010 Milan Tucek Sympatie ceske verejnosti k nekterym zemim listopad 2016 in Czech CVVM Published on 5 January 2017 a b c CZECH INTELLIGENCE HALF OF RUSSIA S DIPLOMATS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ARE SPIES Czech Radio Russian Spy Tale Rattles Czechs New York Times 23 December 2010 Retrieved 22 April 2021 a b Russian Intelligence Waging Information War Says Czech Security Service Russia expels 2 Czech diplomats in spy row a b John R Schindler Putin s Central European Spy Base New York Observer 05 18 17 How Russians Pay to Play in Other Countries New York Times 30 December 2016 Retrieved 22 April 2021 Rozbili jsme sit jedne z ruskych zpravodajskych sluzeb reaguje reditel BIS na Zemanovy cuckare https ct24 ceskatelevize cz domaci 2673755 rozbili jsme sit jedne z ruskych zpravodajskych sluzeb reaguje reditel bis na in Czech CT24 8 12 2018 Prohlaseni reditele BIS Michala Koudelky k cinnosti sluzby in Czech bis cz 7 12 2018 Analyza prokremelskych webu siri vlnu zloby a pul procenta soucitu Czech Mlada fronta DNES June 13 2016 a b c Robert Tait Czech Republic to fight fake news with specialist unit 28 December 2016 PROPAGANDA MASKOVANA BOJEM ZA SVOBODU A DEMOKRACII in Czech Neovlivni cz 7 11 2016 R07 Cizinci s pobytem nad 12 mesicu podle statniho obcanstvi v letech 2008 2016 k 31 12 Cizinci v CR Vietnamci u nas zakorenili Czech Statistical Office Jan Nemec Rusu v Cesku stale pribyva Jsou uz treti nejpocetnejsi skupinou imigrantu in Czech Hospodarske noviny 2 11 2017 Rusove se vraci Pocet zahranicnich turistu v Cesku presahl rekordnich deset milionu E15 cz in Czech 2018 04 28 E15 cz External links EditEmbassy of the Czech Republic in Moscow Consulate General of the Czech Republic in Saint Petersburg in Russian Embassy of the Russian Federation in Prague Portals Politics Czech Republic Russia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Czech Republic Russia relations amp oldid 1130507856 Background, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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