Yugoslav First League
The Yugoslav First Federal Football League (Serbian: Прва савезна лига у фудбалу / Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Croatian: Prva savezna liga u nogometu, Slovene: Prva zvezna nogometna liga, Macedonian: Прва сојузна лига, Albanian: Liga e parë federale), was the premier football league in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992).
| Founded | 1923 |
|---|---|
| Folded | 1992 |
| Country | Yugoslavia |
| Confederation | UEFA |
| Level on pyramid | 1 |
| Relegation to | Yugoslav Second League |
| Domestic cup(s) | Yugoslav Cup |
| International cup(s) | European Cup UEFA Cup |
| Last champions | Red Star Belgrade (1991–92) |
| Most championships | Red Star Belgrade (19 titles) |
| Most appearances | Enver Marić (439) |
| Top goalscorer | Slobodan Santrač (218) |
The First League Championship was one of two national competitions held annually in Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup being the other.
The league became fully professional in 1967.[1]
The UEFA recognised successor league of the Yugoslav First League, the First League of FR Yugoslavia, despite the succession and same name "Prva savezna liga", it is covered in a separate article.
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1923–1940)
This was the first club competition on a national level for clubs from Kingdom of Yugoslavia (named the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1930). The league was started in 1923 and the first four seasons had a cup tournament format, while the first round-robin league competition was held in 1927. In the period from 1927 to 1940 seventeen seasons were completed, with all the titles won by clubs from Croatia (Građanski Zagreb, Concordia Zagreb, HAŠK Zagreb and Hajduk Split) or Serbia (BSK Belgrade and Jugoslavija Belgrade).
It was governed at first by the Croatian-named Nogometni Savez Jugoslavije (Football Association of Yugoslavia), founded in April 1919 in Zagreb,[2] until in late 1929 disagreements arose between the Zagreb and Belgrade branches of the association. This resulted in the association headquarters being moved to Belgrade in May 1930 where it adopted the Serbian name Fudbalski Savez Jugoslavije and continued operating the league until it was suspended due to the outbreak of World War II.[3] Consequently, with the moving of headquarters, Croatian players and coaches boycotted Yugoslav national team. With the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, separate Croatian and Serbian leagues were established, which operated during the World War II.
Champions and top scorers
Performance by clubs
| # | Club | Champions | Runners-up |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BSK Beograd | 5 | 4 |
| 2 | Građanski Zagreb | 5 | 2 |
| 3 | Hajduk Split | 2 | 5 |
| 4 | Jugoslavija Beograd | 2 | 3 |
| 5 | Concordia Zagreb | 2 | 1 |
| 6 | HAŠK | 1 | 0 |
| 7 | Slavija Sarajevo | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | SAŠK Sarajevo | 0 | 1 |
World War II competitions
SFR Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
Champions and top scorers
Titles by club
| Club | Titles | Winning seasons |
|---|---|---|
| Red Star | 19[b] | 1951, 1952–53, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1963–64, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1983–84, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92 |
| Partizan | 11 | 1946–47, 1948–49, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1964–65, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1982–83, 1985–86, 1986–87 |
| Hajduk Split | 7 | 1950, 1952, 1954–55, 1970–71, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1978–79 |
| Dinamo Zagreb | 4 | 1947–48, 1953–54, 1957–58, 1981–82 |
| Vojvodina | 2 | 1965–66, 1988–89 |
| Sarajevo | 2 | 1966–67, 1984–85 |
| Željezničar | 1 | 1971–72 |
Titles by republic
| Republic | Titles | Clubs |
|---|---|---|
| SR Serbia | 32[b] | Red Star, Partizan, Vojvodina |
| SR Croatia | 11 | Hajduk Split, Dinamo Zagreb |
| SR Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3 | Sarajevo, Željezničar |
| SR Macedonia | 0 | – |
| SR Montenegro | 0 | – |
| SR Slovenia | 0 | – |
Performance by club
| Club | Champions | Runners-up | Third place | Total top three finishes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red Star Belgrade | 19[b] | 9 | 7 | 35 |
| Partizan | 11 | 9 | 8 | 28 |
| Hajduk Split | 7 | 6 | 8 | 21 |
| Dinamo Zagreb | 4 | 11 | 7 | 22 |
| Vojvodina | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
| Sarajevo | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| Željezničar | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| Velež Mostar | 0 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| OFK Belgrade* | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Radnički Belgrade | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Radnički Niš | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Lokomotiva Zagreb | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Sloboda Tuzla | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
- *Known as BSK Belgrade before 1957
All-Time First Yugoslav League table
| Rank | Club | MP | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Red Star | 1335 | 719 | 328 | 288 | 2560 | 1415 | +1145 | 1766 |
| 2 | Partizan | 1335 | 657 | 354 | 324 | 2285 | 1428 | +857 | 1668 |
| 3 | Dinamo Zagreb | 1302 | 597 | 366 | 339 | 2151 | 1495 | +656 | 1560 |
| 4 | Hajduk Split | 1302 | 587 | 346 | 369 | 2088 | 1486 | +602 | 1520 |
| 5 | Vojvodina | 1221 | 465 | 311 | 445 | 1670 | 1595 | +75 | 1241 |
| 6 | Sarajevo | 1228 | 447 | 311 | 470 | 1674 | 1773 | -99 | 1205 |
| 7 | Velež Mostar | 1174 | 435 | 309 | 430 | 1668 | 1615 | +53 | 1179 |
| 8 | Željezničar | 1063 | 403 | 274 | 386 | 1456 | 1424 | +32 | 1080 |
| 9 | OFK Beograd | 977 | 343 | 281 | 353 | 1355 | 1355 | 0 | 967 |
| 10 | Radnički Niš | 979 | 339 | 250 | 390 | 1088 | 1244 | -156 | 928 |
| 11 | Vardar | 1005 | 328 | 251 | 426 | 1195 | 1459 | -264 | 907 |
| 12 | Rijeka | 898 | 310 | 252 | 336 | 1083 | 1163 | -80 | 857 |
Best finish in Europe by club
Table only shows best-finish achievements in major European/Intercontinental competitions during the SFR Yugoslavia period (1945–1992).
No minor European tournaments (like Mitropa Cup) included.
Table sorted by success at European Cup / UEFA Champions League first and foremost.
| Club | European Cup / UEFA Champions League | UEFA Cup / Europa League | UEFA Cup Winners' Cup | UEFA Super Cup | Intercontinental Cup | Inter-Cities Fairs Cup | UEFA Intertoto Cup |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red Star Belgrade | Winner 1990–91 | Runners-up 1978–79 | Semi-finals 1974–75 | Runners-up 1991 | Winner 1991 | Semi-finals 1961–62 | – |
| Partizan | Runners-up 1965–66 | Third Round (3) 1974–75; 1984–85; 1990–91 | Quarter-finals 1989–90 | – | – | Second Round 1967–68 | – |
| Hajduk Split | Quarter-finals (2) 1975–76; 1979–80 | Semi-finals 1983–84 | Semi-finals 1972–73 | – | – | Second Round 1970–71 | – |
| Vojvodina | Quarter-finals 1966–67 | – | – | – | – | Quarter-finals 1961–62 as Novi Sad XI | Group Winner 1976 |
| Sarajevo | Second Round 1967–68 | Third Round 1982–83 | – | – | – | – | Group Stage (2) 1962–63; 1964–65 |
| Željezničar | First Round 1972–73 | Semi-finals 1984–85 | – | – | – | First Round 1970–71 | Group Stage 1965–66 |
| Dinamo Zagreb | First Round 1982–83 | Second Round (3) 1971–72; 1976–77; 1988–89 | Semi-finals 1960–61 | – | – | Winner 1966–67 | – |
| Vardar | First Round 1987–88 | Second Round 1985–86 | First Round 1961–62 | – | – | – | – |
| Radnički Niš | – | Semi-finals 1981–82 | – | – | – | – | Group Stage (2) 1964–65; 1965–66 |
| OFK Beograd | – | Quarter-finals 1972–73 | Semi-finals 1962–63 | – | – | Semi-finals 1958–60 as Belgrade XI | – |
| Velež Mostar | – | Quarter-finals 1974–75 | Second Round (2) 1981–82; 1986–87 | – | – | – | Group Stage (2) |
| Rijeka | – | Second Round 1984–85 | Quarter-finals 1979–80 | – | – | – | Quarter-finals 1962–63 |
| Sloboda Tuzla | – | First Round 1977–78 | – | – | – | – | Group Winner 1983 |
| Rad Belgrade | – | First Round 1989–90 | – | – | – | – | Group Runners-up 1988 |
| Borac Banja Luka | – | – | Second Round 1975–76 | – | – | – | – |
| Olimpija Ljubljana | – | - | First Round 1970–71 | – | – | First Round (2) 1966–67; 1968–69 | Group Runners-up 1990 |
| Bor | – | – | First Round 1968–69 | – | – | – | – |
| Budućnost | – | – | – | – | – | – | Group Winner 1981 |
| Čelik Zenica | – | – | – | – | – | – | Group Winner 1975 |
While the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup is recognised as the predecessor to the UEFA Cup, it was not organised by UEFA.[9] Consequently, UEFA do not consider clubs' records in the Fairs Cup to be part of their European record.[9][10] However, FIFA do view the competition as a major honour.[11]
All time top goalscorers
This table possibly contains original research. (October 2012) |
Complete list of players who scored 100 goals or more in the 1946-1992 SFR Yugoslavia period.
Source: RSSSF; Last updated 14 December 2007[4][b]
| # | Name | First League goals | First League matches | Goals per match ratio | Clubs | First League career |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Slobodan Santrač | 218 | 365 | 0.60 | OFK Beograd, Partizan, Galenika | 1965–1974, 1976–1980, 1982–1983 |
| 2 | Darko Pančev | 168 | 243 | 0.69 | Vardar, Red Star Belgrade | 1982–1992 |
| 3 | Dušan Bajević | 166 | 322 | 0.51 | Velež Mostar | 1966–1977, 1981–1983 |
| 4 | Bora Kostić | 158 | 257 | 0.61 | Crvena Zvezda | 1951–1961, 1962–1966 |
| 5 | Frane Matošić | 149 | Hajduk Split | 1946–1953 | ||
| 6 | Toza Veselinović | 145 | 227 | 0.64 | Vojvodina, Partizan, Proleter Zrenjanin | 1948–1949, 1951–1961, 1967–1968 |
| 7 | Stjepan Bobek | 129 | 201 | 0.64 | Partizan | 1945–1956 |
| =7 | Zoran Prljinčević | 129 | FK Radnički Beograd, Crvena Zvezda | |||
| 9 | Dušan Savić | 120 | 202 | 0.59 | Red Star Belgrade | 1973–1982 |
| 10 | Dragan Džajić | 113 | 330 | 0.34 | Red Star Belgrade | 1963–1973, 1974–1975, 1977–1978 |
| 11 | Vojin Lazarević | 112 | 188 | 0.60 | Sutjeska Nikšić, Red Star Belgrade | 1964–1965, 1966–1970, 1972–1974 |
| 12 | Josip Bukal | 111 | 258 | 0.43 | Željezničar | 1963–1973, 1977–1978 |
| 13 | Petar Nadoveza | 108 | 217 | 0.50 | Hajduk Split | 1963–1973 |
| 14 | Kosta Tomašević | 104 | 156 | 0.67 | Red Star Belgrade, Spartak Subotica | 1946–1956 |
| 15 | Vahid Halilhodžić | 103 | 207 | 0.50 | Velež Mostar | 1972–1981 |
| 16 | Snješko Cerin | 103 | Dinamo Zagreb | 1976–1986 | ||
| 17 | Petar Nikezić | 102 | 301 | 0.34 | Vojvodina, Osijek | 1967–1978, 1979–1982 |
| 18 | Zlatko Vujović | 101 | 240 | 0.42 | Hajduk Split | 1977–1986 |
Notable clubs (at least 10 top-flight seasons or at least one title)
Over the years the Yugoslav First League featured many different teams, but there were always a number of teams that stood out, typically from the bigger cities. Among these were:
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UEFA coefficients
The following data indicates historical Yugoslav coefficient rankings among European football leagues.[12]
Successor leagues
The 1990–91 season was the last season held in its usual format, with clubs from all federative units participating in the championship. The breakup of the country also broke up its top-flight league into several smaller ones.
Slovenia and Croatia depart
In June 1991 Slovenia declared independence and Croatia followed suit in October of the same year. This meant that their football associations separated from the Football Association of Yugoslavia so they both started their own football leagues. The Slovenian PrvaLiga was launched in late 1991, while the Croatian Prva HNL saw its first edition in 1992. Affected by the ongoing war in Croatia, the season was held over the course of a single calendar year, from February to June 1992. Both leagues have been going on ever since.
1991–92 season
The 1991–92 season was the last season held officially under the name of SFR Yugoslavia, even though Slovenian and Croatian clubs have already abandoned the competition to play in their own leagues. Clubs from the remaining four federative units all took part in the competition, but since the Bosnian War broke out towards the end of the season, Bosnian clubs never finished it, with Željezničar of Sarajevo only managed to play 17 out of 33 scheduled fixtures, while Sloboda Tuzla and Velež Mostar ended the season with a few games short of completing the season. Still, since most of the games were played as planned, Crvena Zvezda of Belgrade is credited with winning the last Yugoslav First League championship.
Macedonia and FR Yugoslavia
Macedonian clubs abandoned the competition after the 1991–92 season because the new Macedonian First League was launched the following season. For the 1992–93 season Bosnian clubs were all on hiatus due to full blown fighting that developed there, with the sole exception of Borac of Banja Luka (the strongest Bosnian Serb side at the time) which temporarily moved to Belgrade and joined the newly formed league featuring clubs from Serbia and Montenegro, this time restyled as the First League of FR Yugoslavia. (Serbia and Montenegro, the only ones left after other four member republics declared independence, renamed their country Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.) The league lasted under that name until the 2002–03 season, when the country changed its name so the league was renamed First League of Serbia and Montenegro. Finally, in June 2006 Montenegro declared independence and peacefully departed the union, so from the 2006–07 season onwards Montenegro started operating separate top-flight football league supervised by its football association. On the other hand, as the legal successor of Serbia-Montenegro state union, Serbia also got the continuity of the country's league that was formed as Prva liga (First League) in 1992, and renamed and rebranded as Superliga in summer 2005.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaimed independence in late winter 1992, and already in April same year N/FSBiH applied for membership with FIFA and UEFA.[13] Meanwhile, due to the outbreak of Bosnian War in April 1992 no games were played in the 1992–93 season. In late 1993 some parts of the country re-launched football competitions with reduced scope. But just as the country was divided along ethnic lines, so was football.
In 1993 Bosnian Croats launched the First League of Herzeg-Bosnia in which only Croatian clubs competed on parochial scale within the limits of West Herzegovina and few other enclaves. In the same year Bosnian Serbs also organized their own First League of the Republika Srpska, on a territory held by Republika Srpska regime at the time. Only football on a territory under the control of then Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina institutions and auspices of N/FSBiH, at the time consequently with Bosniak majority, apart from a brief competition for the season 1994–95 (won by Čelik Zenica), came to a standstill. Competition under auspices of N/FSBiH did not resume until 1995–96 season when the First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina was launched.[13]
These three separate football leagues were operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina until 1998, and 2000. Since FIFA and UEFA showed support only for the association operating under patronage of the official and internationally recognized state institutions, during the war and prior to Dayton Peace Agreement as well as after its signage, they endorsed unification of all three organizations as N/FSBiH. This also came as a consequence of FIFA decision to recognize N/FSBiH already in July 1996, while in the same year UEFA admitted N/FSBiH as an adjacent member until 1998 when they recognized its full membership. This meant that only N/FSBiH clubs and its national team could compete at the international and official level.[13]
Final unification has been preceded by several stages. At first was created a playoff where clubs were playing for the champion under N/FSBiH auspices. Idea was that playoff under unified N/FSBiH auspices should bring together clubs competing under three separate organizations for the first time but was rejected by Serb association, leaving clubs from Croat football association and N/FSBiH participating playoff for the seasons 1997–98 and 1999–00, while 1998–99 playoff was canceled due to Croat's association hesitation on the decision on which stadiums games should be played. Next season playoff was resumed for the last time prior to full and final agreement on unified N/FSBiH and its competition, Premier League BiH (Premijer Liga), in the fall 2000. However, the first 2000–01 season seen clubs from Federation of BiH only, while clubs from Republic of Srpska entity continue to compete in their own separate league as their entity association still refused to join agreed unified N/FSBiH and its new competition. However, UEFA and FIFA never intended to recognize this separate organization nor its competition, which meant clubs couldn't compete outside territory of the entity and wouldn't see any international football. This situation forced clubs to insist that their organization also join N/FSBiH, and two years later they became part of the competition for the season 2002–03. Ever since the year 2000 Premier League is the top tier of Bosnia and Herzegovina football, with two entity-based leagues, First League of Republika Srpska and First League of the Federation of BiH, being pushed to the second tier of the football pyramid and serve as feeder leagues to Premier League.[13]
Today's top flight successors
- Bosnia and Herzegovina → Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2000–present; from 1994 to 2000 had a First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- Croatia → Prva HNL (1992–present)
- Kosovo → Football Superleague of Kosovo (2016–present)[14][c][A]
- North Macedonia → Macedonian First League (1992–present)
- Montenegro → Montenegrin First League (2006–present; from 1992 to 2006 had a joint league with Serbia)
- Serbia → Serbian SuperLiga (2006–present, from 1992 to 2006 had a joint league with Montenegro)
- Slovenia → Slovenian PrvaLiga (1991–present)
UEFA recognised FR Yugoslavia and subsequently Serbia as the only official successor of Yugoslavia[15][16][17] and consequently the clubs from FR Yugoslavia kept the ranking and ponctuation within UEFA.
See also
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ A special format tournament was held to re-affirm the newly found Yugoslav unity. The tournament consisted of eight teams: six representing Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia respectively, one representing Vojvodina, an autonomous region within Serbia and finally the Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija team, a selection of Yugoslav People's Army football players.
- ^ a b c d e f g The last championship started without clubs from newly independent Slovenia and Croatia, while clubs from Bosnia, with exception of FK Borac Banja Luka, too abandoned competition on a winter break with imminent country's independence, leaving only Serbian, Montenegrin and Macedonian clubs competing in the second half of the season. (See subsection on 1991–92.)
- ^ From 1991 until 1999 unrecognized competition in Kosovo parallel to Serbian league system was organized, while one which was recognized compete in the 5th level of the Yugoslav league system. The champion would gain promotion to Serbian Republic League, one of Yugoslav 4th tiers. Since 1999-2000 season the Superleague ran outside FIFA and UEFA until Kosovo was admitted to both organizations, on 3 May 2016.
| A. | ^ The political status of Kosovo is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008, Kosovo is formally recognised as an independent state by 101 UN member states (with another 13 states recognising it at some point but then withdrawing their recognition) and 92 states not recognizing it, while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own territory. References
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