Xinjiang Province (Chinese: 新疆省; pinyin: Xīnjiāng Shěng) or Sinkiang Province was a province of the Republic of China. First set up as a province in 1884 by the Qing dynasty, it was replaced in 1955 by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The original provincial government was relocated to Taipei as the Sinkiang Provincial Government Office (新疆省政府辦事處) until its dissolution in 1992.
Sinkiang Province
新疆省
1912–1992
Sinkiang Province (red) in the Republic of China (as claimed)
The province inherited the borders of the Qing dynasty province, bordering Kansu, Tsinghai, the Mongol Area, Tibet Area and the countries Soviet Union, Afghanistan, India and Pakistan. The claimed boundaries of the province included all of today's Xinjiang and parts of Mongolia, Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan.[1]
In 1912, the Qing dynasty was replaced by the Republic of China. Yuan Dahua, the last Qing governor of Xinjiang, fled. One of his subordinates, Yang Zengxin, took control of the province and acceded in name to the Republic of China in March of the same year. Through Machiavellian politics and clever balancing of mixed ethnic constituencies, Yang maintained control over Xinjiang until his assassination in 1928 after the Northern Expedition of the Kuomintang.[2]
During the Ili Rebellion the Soviet Union backed Uyghur separatists to form the East Turkestan Republic (ETR) in Ili region while the majority of Xinjiang was under the control of the Republic of China.[3] In 1946, the ROC government and the ETR agreed to establish the Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province, though coalition government broke down in 1947. The People's Liberation Armyentered Xinjiang in 1949 and the Kuomintang commander Tao Zhiyue surrendered the province to them.[4] The original provincial government was relocated to Taipei as the Sinkiang Provincial Government Office (新疆省政府辦事處) to symbolize the ROC's claim of sovereignty over the province; it was eventually dissolved in 1992.
Recognized by the Central government only as a duban (military governor), Sheng was de facto ruler of Sinkiang from 1933. In 1940, the Central government recognized him as Provincial chairman. Removed from office.
^ abFeener, R. Michael (2004). Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives. Religion in Contemporary Cultures. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 174. ISBN1-57607-516-8. OCLC 940831123.
^ abBhattacharji, Preeti (May 29, 2012). "Uighurs and China's Xinjiang Region". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
^Brown, Jeremy (2010). Dilemmas of Victory: The Early Years of the People's Republic of China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 186. ISBN9780674033658. OCLC 822561761.
^Klimeš, Ondřej. (January 8, 2015). Struggle by the pen : the Uyghur discourse of nation and national interest, c. 1900–1949. Boston. p. 154. ISBN978-90-04-28809-6. OCLC 900277055.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
January 01, 1970
xinjiang, province, republic, china, other, uses, xinjiang, province, xinjiang, province, chinese, 新疆省, pinyin, xīnjiāng, shěng, sinkiang, province, province, republic, china, first, province, 1884, qing, dynasty, replaced, 1955, xinjiang, uygur, autonomous, r. For other uses see Xinjiang Province Xinjiang Province Chinese 新疆省 pinyin Xinjiang Sheng or Sinkiang Province was a province of the Republic of China First set up as a province in 1884 by the Qing dynasty it was replaced in 1955 by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the People s Republic of China The original provincial government was relocated to Taipei as the Sinkiang Provincial Government Office 新疆省政府辦事處 until its dissolution in 1992 Sinkiang Province新疆省1912 1992Sinkiang Province red in the Republic of China as claimed StatusProvince of the Republic of China 1912 1992 CapitalTihwaCapital in exileTaipeiHistory Established1912 Surrender to the People s Liberation ArmyOctober 13 1949 Dissolution of the Sinkiang Provincial Government OfficeJanuary 16 1992Preceded by Succeeded by Xinjiang Province Qing Empire Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region First East Turkestan Republic Second East Turkestan Republic Contents 1 Administration 2 History 3 Demographics 4 List of governors 4 1 Chairperson of the Provincial Government Mainland era 4 2 Xinjiang Provincial Government Office era 4 2 1 Chairperson of the Provincial Government 4 2 2 Director Xinjiang Provincial Government Office 5 ReferencesAdministration editThe province inherited the borders of the Qing dynasty province bordering Kansu Tsinghai the Mongol Area Tibet Area and the countries Soviet Union Afghanistan India and Pakistan The claimed boundaries of the province included all of today s Xinjiang and parts of Mongolia Tajikistan Afghanistan and Pakistan 1 History editMain articles Xinjiang Republic of China and Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People s Republic of China In 1912 the Qing dynasty was replaced by the Republic of China Yuan Dahua the last Qing governor of Xinjiang fled One of his subordinates Yang Zengxin took control of the province and acceded in name to the Republic of China in March of the same year Through Machiavellian politics and clever balancing of mixed ethnic constituencies Yang maintained control over Xinjiang until his assassination in 1928 after the Northern Expedition of the Kuomintang 2 The Kumul Rebellion and other rebellions arose against his successor Jin Shuren in the early 1930s throughout Xinjiang involving Uyghurs other Turkic groups and Hui Muslim Chinese Jin drafted White Russians to crush the revolt In the Kashgar region on November 12 1933 the short lived self proclaimed First East Turkistan Republic was declared 3 4 The Hui Kuomintang 36th Division National Revolutionary Army destroyed the army of the First East Turkestan Republic at the Battle of Kashgar 1934 bringing the Republic to an end The Soviet Union invaded the province in the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang In the Xinjiang War 1937 the entire province was brought under the control of northeast Manchu warlord Sheng Shicai who ruled Xinjiang for the next decade with close support from the Soviet Union In 1944 the President and Premier of China Chiang Kai shek informed by the Soviets of Sheng s intention to join the Soviet Union decided to shift him out of Xinjiang to Chongqing as the Minister of Agriculture and Forest 5 More than a decade of Sheng s era had ended However a short lived Soviet backed Second East Turkestan Republic was established in that year which lasted until 1949 in what is now Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Ili Tarbagatay and Altay Districts in northern Xinjiang During the Ili Rebellion the Soviet Union backed Uyghur separatists to form the East Turkestan Republic ETR in Ili region while the majority of Xinjiang was under the control of the Republic of China 3 In 1946 the ROC government and the ETR agreed to establish the Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province though coalition government broke down in 1947 The People s Liberation Army entered Xinjiang in 1949 and the Kuomintang commander Tao Zhiyue surrendered the province to them 4 The original provincial government was relocated to Taipei as the Sinkiang Provincial Government Office 新疆省政府辦事處 to symbolize the ROC s claim of sovereignty over the province it was eventually dissolved in 1992 Demographics editEthnic group Estimated population1933 6 Uyghurs 2 900 173 77 75 Kazakhs 318 716 8 55 Han Chinese 202 239 5 41 Hui 92 146 2 47 Kyrgyz 65 248 1 75 Mongols 63 018 1 69 Taranchis 41 307 1 11 Russians 13 408 0 36 Sibes 9 203 0 25 Tajiks 8 867 0 24 Uzbeks 7 966 0 21 Tatars 4 601 0 12 Solons 2 489 0 07 Manchus 670 0 02 Total 3 730 051List of governors edit Non partisan unknown Warlords People s Anti Imperialist Association Kuomintang Nationalist Chairperson of the Provincial Government Mainland era edit No Portrait Name Birth death Term of office Political Party 1 nbsp Yang Zengxin楊增新 Yang Zengxin 1864 1928 1912 July 7 1928 Xinjiang clique Assassinated 2 nbsp Jin Shuren金樹仁 Jin Shuren 1879 1941 July 7 1928 April 12 1933 Xinjiang clique Deposed in a coup 3 Liu Wenlong劉文龍 Liu Wenlong 1870 1950 April 14 1933 September 1933 Removed from office and placed under house arrest by Sheng Shicai Zhu Ruichi朱瑞墀 Zhu Ruichi 1862 1934 September 1933 March 5 1934 Figurehead chairman appointed by Sheng Shicai and not recognized by the Central government Died in office 4 nbsp Li Rong李溶 Lǐ Rong 1870 1940 October 1934 March 21 1940 Figurehead chairman Died in office 5 nbsp Sheng Shicai盛世才 Sheng Shicai 1895 1970 April 4 1940 August 29 1944 People s Anti Imperialist Association Kuomintang Recognized by the Central government only as a duban military governor Sheng was de facto ruler of Sinkiang from 1933 In 1940 the Central government recognized him as Provincial chairman Removed from office 6 nbsp Wu Zhongxin吳忠信 Wu Zhōngxin 1884 1959 August 29 1944 March 29 1946 Kuomintang Resigned 7 nbsp Zhang Zhizhong張治中 Zhang Zhizhōng 1895 1969 March 1946 June 1947 Kuomintang Removed from office 8 nbsp Masud Sabri麥斯武德 مەسئۇت سابرى 1887 1952 June 1947 January 1949 Kuomintang First Uighur governor and first non Han Governor in China during the twentieth century Appointed during the Ili Rebellion 9 nbsp Burhan Shahidi包爾漢 بۇرھان شەھىدى 1894 1989 January 1949 September 26 1949 Kuomintang Surrendered to the People s Liberation Army Xinjiang Provincial Government Office era edit Chairperson of the Provincial Government edit No Portrait Name Birth death Term of office Political party 1 nbsp Yulbars Khan堯樂博士 يۇلبارس خان 1888 1971 April 11 1950 July 27 1971 Kuomintang Died in office Director Xinjiang Provincial Government Office edit No Portrait Name Birth death Term of office Political party 1 Yao Tao hung堯道宏 Yao Daohong July 27 1971 Kuomintang Son of Yulbars Khan 2 Hou Chi yu侯紀峪 Hou Jiyu January 16 1992 Kuomintang Post abolished References edit ROC Administrative and Claims jpg Wikipedia Map showing the claims of the ROC Governors of Xinjiang Yang Zengxin 1912 1928 Jin Shuren 1928 33 Sheng Shicai 1933 44 source Xinjiang Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc 2016 Retrieved June 19 2016 a b Feener R Michael 2004 Islam in World Cultures Comparative Perspectives Religion in Contemporary Cultures Santa Barbara Calif ABC CLIO p 174 ISBN 1 57607 516 8 OCLC 940831123 a b Bhattacharji Preeti May 29 2012 Uighurs and China s Xinjiang Region Council on Foreign Relations Retrieved June 19 2016 Brown Jeremy 2010 Dilemmas of Victory The Early Years of the People s Republic of China Cambridge Mass Harvard University Press p 186 ISBN 9780674033658 OCLC 822561761 Klimes Ondrej January 8 2015 Struggle by the pen the Uyghur discourse of nation and national interest c 1900 1949 Boston p 154 ISBN 978 90 04 28809 6 OCLC 900277055 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Xinjiang Province Republic of China amp oldid 1217087226, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
