Silhouette of a Whiskey-class submarine with twin 57 mm deck guns and twin 25 mm conning tower guns
Silhouette of a Whiskey Long Bin-class submarine
Silhouette of a Whiskey Twin Cylinder-class submarine
The initial design was developed in the early 1940s as a sea-going follow on to the S-class submarine. As a result of war experience and the capture of German technology at the end of the war, the Soviets issued a new design requirement in 1946. The revised design was developed by the Lazurit Design Bureau based in Gorkiy. Like most conventional submarines designed 1946–1960, the design was heavily influenced by the Type XXI U-boat.[1]
Patrol variants
Between 1949 and 1958 a total of 236 of an envisaged 340[2] submarines of this type were commissioned into the Soviet Navy. The vessels were initially designed as coastal patrol submarines. These patrol variants are known in the west as Whiskey I, II, III, IV, and V and were called Project 613 in the Soviet Union.
Whiskey II − twin 57 mm (2.2 in) guns and twin 25 mm guns
Whiskey III − guns removed
Whiskey IV − 25 mm guns
Whiskey V − no guns - streamlined conning tower and snorkel
Missile variants
Whiskey Twin Cylinder submarine
In the 1950s and 1960s some Whiskey submarines were converted to guided missile submarines, with the capability to fire one to four SS-N-3 Shaddockcruise missiles. In 1956, the first prototype was ready. It was a regular Whiskey class modified with a launch tube aft of the sail containing a single SS-N-3c. This vessel was known in the West as Whiskey Single Cylinder. Between 1958 and 1960, six additional Whiskey-class submarines were converted to carry guided missiles. These boats had two missile tubes behind the sail, and were known in the west as the Whiskey Twin Cylinder, and Project 644 boats by the Soviets.[3]
Between 1960 and 1963, six boats received an extended sail that could contain four Shaddock missiles. These were called Whiskey Long Bin in the West and Project 665 in the Soviet Union.[3] All guided missile variants of the Whiskey class carried the P-5/ NATO SS-N-3c Shaddock land-attack missile, and had to surface in order to fire their missiles. The boats of the single and twin cylinder class also had to raise their missile tubes, which were normally positioned horizontally.
The "Long Bin" boats did not handle well, with the launch tubes causing stability problems, and water flow around the missile fittings was very noisy.[4] All were soon retired from service. Four were converted to Project 640 radar picket boats (called Whiskey Canvas Bag in the West). Two were converted for "fishery research" and "oceanographic research" purposes.[clarification needed] In the Soviet Navy, the patrol variants of this class were replaced by the Romeo class. The guided missile variants were replaced by the Juliett class.
Production programme
Indonesian Navy Whiskey-class submarine KRI Pasopati mounted on pedestal in Surabaya riverside
The Soviet Union built a total of 236 or 215 Whiskeys (sources vary; it appears the initial 21 Chinese-built boats are often included with the Soviet boats). Vice Admiral Burov, head of the Soviet Defense Ministry's Shipbuilding Institute from 1969 to 1983, confirms 215 units built.[3]
Year
Gorkiy
Nikolayev
Baltic
Komsomolsk
Total
1951
1
–
–
–
1
1952
4
5
–
–
9
1953
19
11
–
–
30
1954
29
14
–
1
44
1955
37
18
8
4
67
1956
26
15
4
4
49
1957
–
9
3
2
14
1958
–
–
1
–
1
Total
116
72
16
11
215
Patrol submarines of the Whiskey class were exported to:
Albania (four vessels, all retired) which were based at Porto Palermo
ORP Kondor (294) – 10 June 1965 raising of the banner, 30 October 1985 lowering of the banner.
Cuba and Syria ordered used Whiskey-class submarines for use as battery charging hulks. The Syrian Navy boats were ex-Soviet Navy S-167, S-171, and S-183. The Cuban navy acquired an ex Soviet boat for Foxtrot class submarine training. The guided missile and radar picket boats were never exported.
By 1982, only 60 boats remained in the Soviet Navy (45 active, 15 in operational reserve); all were retired by the end of the Cold War.
Incidents involving Whiskey-class submarines
On 27 January 1961, S-80 was lost due to accidental flooding while the boat was submerged. The valve that should have prevented water from entering the snorkel did not work properly.[citation needed]
On 24 November 1972, the Kobben-class submarine KNM Sklinna of the Royal Norwegian Navy had "contact" with what they presumed was a Whiskey-class submarine, after 14 days of "hunt" in Sognefjord. Military documents released in 2009 confirm this episode.[5]
On 19 June 1984, a Whiskey-class submarine was caught in a fishing-net and surfaced within the Norwegian economic exclusive zone.[6]
On 14 December 1989 a decommissioned Whiskey class soviet submarine under tow for scrapping in Nakskov was sunk 2 miles west of Bornholm. Attempts to raise it in 1991 failed and it sunk nearby in deeper water. [7]
On 5 February 2007, the decommissioned S-194 took on water and sank off the coast of Denmark while being towed to become part of a naval museum.[8]
In 2009 a previously unknown and unidentified sunken Whiskey-class submarine was discovered within Sweden's EEZ close to the island of Gotland. It was a decommissioned submarine which sank while under tow to be scrapped in Denmark. News of the discovery was not made public until March 2011.[9][10]
Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. London: Conway Maritime. ISBN0-85177-605-1. OCLC 34284130. Also published as Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen; Budzbon, Przemysław (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN1-55750-132-7. OCLC 34267261.
Weir, Gary E., and Boyle, Walter J. Rising Tide: The Untold Story of the Russian Submarines That Fought the Cold War Basic Books, 2003.
Further reading
Hampshire, Edward (2018). Soviet Cruise Missile Submarines of the Cold War. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN978-1-47282-499-8.
Pavlov, A. S. (1997). Warships of the USSR and Russia 1945–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN1-55750-671-X.
Polmar, Norman & Moore, Kenneth J. (2004). Cold War Submarines: The Design and Construction of U.S. and Soviet Submarines. Washington, D. C.: Potomac Books. ISBN978-1-57488-594-1.
Polmar, Norman & Noot, Jurrien (1991). Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies, 1718–1990. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN0-87021-570-1.
Vilches Alarcón, Alejandro A. (2022). From Juliettes to Yasens: Development and Operational History of Soviet Cruise-Missile Submarines. Europe @ War (22). Warwick, UK: Helion & Co. ISBN978-1-915070-68-5.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Whiskey-class submarine.
History, Development, and Use of the Whiskey-class Submarine
Encyclopedia of Ships (in Russian)
Whiskey class submarines - Complete Ship List (English)
January 08, 2023
whiskey, class, submarine, known, soviet, union, projects, class, diesel, electric, attack, submarines, that, soviet, union, built, early, cold, period, preserved, display, museum, boat, saint, petersburg, class, overviewoperators, soviet, navy, people, libera. Whiskey class submarines known in the Soviet Union as Projects 613 640 644 and 665 are a class of diesel electric attack submarines that the Soviet Union built in the early Cold War period S 189 preserved and on display as a museum boat in Saint Petersburg Class overviewOperators Soviet Navy People s Liberation Army Navy Egyptian Navy Syrian Arab Navy Albanian Naval Force Bulgarian Navy Indonesian Navy Polish Navy Korean People s Army Naval ForcePreceded byS classSucceeded byRomeo class patrol variant Juliett class missile variants Built1950 1958 USSR 1956 1960 China Completed236 215 in the USSR 21 in China Preserved2General characteristics Project 613 TypeDiesel electric attack submarineDisplacementSurfaced 1 050 tonnes 1 030 long tons Submerged 1 340 tonnes 1 320 long tons Length76 m 249 ft 4 in Beam6 3 m 20 ft 8 in to 6 5 m 21 ft 4 in Draft4 55 m 14 ft 11 in PropulsionTwo shaft diesel electric 2 4 000 bhp 3 000 kW diesel engines 2 2 700 hp 2 000 kW main electric motors 2 100 hp 75 kW electric creep motors for silent runningSpeedSurfaced 18 25 knots 33 80 km h Submerged 13 1 knots 24 3 km h RangeSurfaced 8 580 nmi 15 890 km at 10 knots 19 km h 12 mph Submerged 335 nmi 620 km at 3 knots 5 6 km h 3 5 mph EnduranceSubmerged 166 hComplement52Armament6 533 mm 21 in torpedo tubes 4 bow 2 stern for 12 torpedoes or 22 mines 1 single mounted 25 mm 1 0 in AA gun 2 single mounted 57 mm 2 2 in AA gun Contents 1 Design 1 1 Patrol variants 1 2 Missile variants 2 Production programme 3 Incidents involving Whiskey class submarines 4 Surviving examples 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksDesign Edit Silhouette of a Whiskey class submarine with twin 57 mm deck guns and twin 25 mm conning tower guns Silhouette of a Whiskey Long Bin class submarine Silhouette of a Whiskey Twin Cylinder class submarine The initial design was developed in the early 1940s as a sea going follow on to the S class submarine As a result of war experience and the capture of German technology at the end of the war the Soviets issued a new design requirement in 1946 The revised design was developed by the Lazurit Design Bureau based in Gorkiy Like most conventional submarines designed 1946 1960 the design was heavily influenced by the Type XXI U boat 1 Patrol variants Edit Between 1949 and 1958 a total of 236 of an envisaged 340 2 submarines of this type were commissioned into the Soviet Navy The vessels were initially designed as coastal patrol submarines These patrol variants are known in the west as Whiskey I II III IV and V and were called Project 613 in the Soviet Union Whiskey I twin 25 mm 1 0 in guns in conning tower Whiskey II twin 57 mm 2 2 in guns and twin 25 mm guns Whiskey III guns removed Whiskey IV 25 mm guns Whiskey V no guns streamlined conning tower and snorkelMissile variants Edit Whiskey Twin Cylinder submarine In the 1950s and 1960s some Whiskey submarines were converted to guided missile submarines with the capability to fire one to four SS N 3 Shaddock cruise missiles In 1956 the first prototype was ready It was a regular Whiskey class modified with a launch tube aft of the sail containing a single SS N 3c This vessel was known in the West as Whiskey Single Cylinder Between 1958 and 1960 six additional Whiskey class submarines were converted to carry guided missiles These boats had two missile tubes behind the sail and were known in the west as the Whiskey Twin Cylinder and Project 644 boats by the Soviets 3 Between 1960 and 1963 six boats received an extended sail that could contain four Shaddock missiles These were called Whiskey Long Bin in the West and Project 665 in the Soviet Union 3 All guided missile variants of the Whiskey class carried the P 5 NATO SS N 3c Shaddock land attack missile and had to surface in order to fire their missiles The boats of the single and twin cylinder class also had to raise their missile tubes which were normally positioned horizontally The Long Bin boats did not handle well with the launch tubes causing stability problems and water flow around the missile fittings was very noisy 4 All were soon retired from service Four were converted to Project 640 radar picket boats called Whiskey Canvas Bag in the West Two were converted for fishery research and oceanographic research purposes clarification needed In the Soviet Navy the patrol variants of this class were replaced by the Romeo class The guided missile variants were replaced by the Juliett class Production programme Edit Indonesian Navy Whiskey class submarine KRI Pasopati mounted on pedestal in Surabaya riverside The Soviet Union built a total of 236 or 215 Whiskeys sources vary it appears the initial 21 Chinese built boats are often included with the Soviet boats Vice Admiral Burov head of the Soviet Defense Ministry s Shipbuilding Institute from 1969 to 1983 confirms 215 units built 3 Year Gorkiy Nikolayev Baltic Komsomolsk Total1951 1 11952 4 5 91953 19 11 301954 29 14 1 441955 37 18 8 4 671956 26 15 4 4 491957 9 3 2 141958 1 1Total 116 72 16 11 215Patrol submarines of the Whiskey class were exported to Albania four vessels all retired which were based at Porto Palermo Bulgaria two vessels retired China five vessels and another 21 built locally from parts provided by the Soviet Union known as Type 03 all now retired Egypt seven vessels retired Indonesia twelve vessels and two as a source of spare parts retired North Korea four vessels inactive and likely retired Poland four vessels 1962 1986 retired ORP Orzel 292 ORP Bielik 295 ORP Sokol 293 ORP Kondor 294 10 June 1965 raising of the banner 30 October 1985 lowering of the banner Cuba and Syria ordered used Whiskey class submarines for use as battery charging hulks The Syrian Navy boats were ex Soviet Navy S 167 S 171 and S 183 The Cuban navy acquired an ex Soviet boat for Foxtrot class submarine training The guided missile and radar picket boats were never exported By 1982 only 60 boats remained in the Soviet Navy 45 active 15 in operational reserve all were retired by the end of the Cold War Incidents involving Whiskey class submarines EditOn 27 January 1961 S 80 was lost due to accidental flooding while the boat was submerged The valve that should have prevented water from entering the snorkel did not work properly citation needed On 24 November 1972 the Kobben class submarine KNM Sklinna of the Royal Norwegian Navy had contact with what they presumed was a Whiskey class submarine after 14 days of hunt in Sognefjord Military documents released in 2009 confirm this episode 5 On 21 October 1981 S 178 was run down by the merchant vessel Refrizherator 13 in Golden Horn Bay Vladivostok On 27 October 1981 S 363 ran aground in Swedish territorial waters near the Karlskrona naval base On 19 June 1984 a Whiskey class submarine was caught in a fishing net and surfaced within the Norwegian economic exclusive zone 6 On 14 December 1989 a decommissioned Whiskey class soviet submarine under tow for scrapping in Nakskov was sunk 2 miles west of Bornholm Attempts to raise it in 1991 failed and it sunk nearby in deeper water 7 On 5 February 2007 the decommissioned S 194 took on water and sank off the coast of Denmark while being towed to become part of a naval museum 8 In 2009 a previously unknown and unidentified sunken Whiskey class submarine was discovered within Sweden s EEZ close to the island of Gotland It was a decommissioned submarine which sank while under tow to be scrapped in Denmark News of the discovery was not made public until March 2011 9 10 Surviving examples EditS 189 is preserved as a museum in Saint Petersburg Russia KRI Pasopati ex S 290 is preserved in Surabaya Indonesia Notes Edit Gardiner pp 396 397 Kuzin V P Nikolskiy V I Voyenno morskoy Flot SSSR 1945 1991 Istoricheskoye Morskoye Obshchestvo Sankt Peterburg 1996 a b c Burov V N Otechestvennoye Voyennoye Korablestroyeniye v Tretem Stoletii Svoyey Istorii Sudostroyeniye Sankt Peterburg 1995 5 7355 0508 4 Weir and Boyle 2003 Aftenposten Norwegian Language including pictures AS TV 2 21 October 2014 Skipperen Onar 68 fikk denne russiske ubaten i tralen TV 2 in Norwegian Bokmal Retrieved 2020 04 05 vragguiden dk Dansk Dykkerservice ApS Danish Language including pictures JP dk Archived from the original on 2011 04 06 Retrieved 2011 03 05 Forsvarsmakten seReferences EditGardiner Robert ed 1995 Conway s All the World s Fighting Ships 1947 1995 London Conway Maritime ISBN 0 85177 605 1 OCLC 34284130 Also published as Gardiner Robert Chumbley Stephen Budzbon Przemyslaw 1995 Conway s All the World s Fighting Ships 1947 1995 Annapolis MD Naval Institute Press ISBN 1 55750 132 7 OCLC 34267261 Weir Gary E and Boyle Walter J Rising Tide The Untold Story of the Russian Submarines That Fought the Cold War Basic Books 2003 Further reading EditHampshire Edward 2018 Soviet Cruise Missile Submarines of the Cold War London Osprey Publishing ISBN 978 1 47282 499 8 Pavlov A S 1997 Warships of the USSR and Russia 1945 1995 Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 1 55750 671 X Polmar Norman amp Moore Kenneth J 2004 Cold War Submarines The Design and Construction of U S and Soviet Submarines Washington D C Potomac Books ISBN 978 1 57488 594 1 Polmar Norman amp Noot Jurrien 1991 Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies 1718 1990 Annapolis Maryland Naval Institute Press ISBN 0 87021 570 1 Vilches Alarcon Alejandro A 2022 From Juliettes to Yasens Development and Operational History of Soviet Cruise Missile Submarines Europe War 22 Warwick UK Helion amp Co ISBN 978 1 915070 68 5 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Whiskey class submarine History Development and Use of the Whiskey class Submarine Encyclopedia of Ships in Russian Whiskey class submarines Complete Ship List English Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Whiskey class submarine amp oldid 1123564095, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
