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Western Saharan clashes (2020–present)

December 15, 2023

2020–2023 Western Saharan clashes
Part of the Western Sahara conflict

Map of the Western Sahara; location of Guerguerat, where the clashes began, is marked with a red circle.
Date13 November 2020 (2020-11-13) – present
(3 years, 1 month and 1 day)
Location
Moroccan Western Sahara Wall (Berm)
21°25′34″N 16°57′31″W / 21.42611°N 16.95861°W / 21.42611; -16.95861
Status Ongoing
Territorial
changes		 Morocco secures Guerguerat border crossing[1]
Belligerents
 Kingdom of Morocco  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Commanders and leaders
Units involved
Royal Moroccan Armed Forces Sahrawi People's Liberation Army
Casualties and losses
At least 6 soldiers killed[2][3][1][a] At least 12 soldiers killed[5]
66 killed overall (as of July 2023)[6][7]
  1. ^ Number of victims according to the International Crisis Group during the first week of combat. The United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara has decided, at present, not to share information on the victims or the injured, according to its spokesperson.[4]

The 2020–2023 Western Saharan clashes, also called the Guerguerat crisis, Moroccan military intervention in Guerguerat or Second Western Sahara War, is an armed conflict between the Kingdom of Morocco and the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), represented at the United Nations by the Polisario Front, in the disputed region of Western Sahara. It was the latest escalation of an unresolved conflict over the region, which is largely occupied by Morocco, but 20–25% is administered by the SADR.[8] The violence ended a ceasefire between the opposing sides that had held for 29 years in anticipation of a referendum of self-determination that would have settled the dispute. Despite the establishment of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara in 1991, the referendum was never held.

Tensions between Morocco and the Polisario Front deepened in mid-October 2020 when Sahrawi peaceful protesters blocked a controversial road connecting Moroccan-occupied Western Sahara to sub-Saharan Africa. The protesters camped on the road near the small village of Guerguerat, where it passes through a 5-kilometer-wide buffer strip monitored by the UN. Despite the controversy, the route had grown in economic importance,[9] such that the protest stranded about 200 Moroccan truck drivers on the Mauritanian side of the border.[10] According to the MINURSO, both Morocco and Polisario deployed forces near the area in late October,[11] with Mauritanian forces reinforcing their positions along its border with Morocco, which is controlled by the Polisario Front.[12]

On 13 November, Morocco launched a military operation from the Berm into the demilitarized buffer strip of Western Sahara to clear the protesters near Guerguerat and restore the free movement of goods and people. The Polisario Front urged the United Nations to intervene, noting that the Moroccan military operation violated the ceasefire agreements of the 1990s, and furthermore accused the Moroccan security forces of shooting at unarmed civilians in the buffer strip.[13][14] Morocco denied there had been any armed clashes between the sides and said the truce remained in place,[15] while SADR authorities declared the ceasefire over. Clashes spread that same day along the Moroccan Berm, with Morocco claiming that it had repelled a Sahrawi incursion near Al Mahbes.[16] The SADR declared war on Morocco the next day.[17] Since the beginning of the conflict, both countries have begun mass mobilisation and the SADR Ministry of Defense claims to be carrying out daily bombardments on military objectives along the Moroccan Berm.[18][19][20] It is the first major clash in the region since 1991.[21]

Background

Further information: Western Sahara conflict and Western Sahara War

Western Sahara War

 
Moroccan walls in the territory of Western Sahara, during the Western Sahara war (1975-1991). In yellow, the territory under control by the Polisario Front

The disputed region of Western Sahara is a sparsely-populated area mostly comprising desert territories, situated in the Maghreb region of Africa's northwest coast. The region was a Spanish colony until February 1976, when the Spanish government informed the United Nations that it withdrew from the territory. Since then, the region has been the subject of a long-running territorial dispute between Morocco, supported by a number of its prominent Arab allies, including Saudi Arabia and Jordan,[22] and the Saharawi Republic (SADR), an African Union member state established by the Algerian-backed pro-independence Polisario Front, which is recognized by the United Nations as the legitimate representative of the indigenous Sahrawi people.[23] Some commentators have connected Morocco's interests over the region with the idea of Greater Morocco, which encompasses Western Sahara and parts of both Mauritania, Mali, and Algeria, and according to the narrative, was divided up by the French and Spanish colonizers.[22] Morocco, claiming Tindouf and Béchar provinces, invaded Algeria in 1963, resulting in the brief Sand War, which ended in a military stalemate.[24]

 
The official United Nations map of the MINURSO peacekeeping mission shows that the border crossing at Guerguerat is not among the recognized locations to cross the Moroccan Berm.

While the Polisario Front had waged a low-intensity war of national liberation against Spanish colonial authorities since May 1973, the Western Sahara War began in October 1975, just weeks before the death of long-time Spanish dictator Francisco Franco, when Moroccan and Mauritanian forces,[25][26] aided by France,[27][28] invaded the Spanish colony. While Mauritania withdrew from Western Sahara and recognized the Saharawi Republic early in the conflict, by the end of the war Morocco had obtained control of more than two-thirds of the vast desert territory in its western part, along the Atlantic Ocean.[29] During the war, between 1980 and 1987, Morocco built six mostly sand barriers some 2,700 kilometres (1,700 mi) long,[30] and in 1988, both Morocco and the Polisario Front agreed to a UN Settlement Plan, approved by the UN Security Council on 29 April 1991, called for a referendum, which would ask the Sahrawis to choose between independence or integration into Morocco, to be organized and conducted by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO).[31] After the war, on 6 September 1991, an UN-brokered ceasefire was signed,[32] promising a referendum on self-determination to the Sahrawis.[33] The United Nations has recognising the area as a non-self-governing territory since 1963; it is also the only African territory on the list, making the Western Sahara the last African territory subject to decolonization.[33][34] Despite the efforts, the planned referendum has been repeatedly delayed ever since then;[35] Morocco had refused the terms of the referendum, citing its dissatisfaction with who was allowed to vote,[36] while tens of thousands of Moroccans have emigrated to the region since the 1970s.[22]

Guerguerat Blockade

 
Guerguerat border crossing in 2007.

Guerguerat is a small village located on the southern coast of the region, along the Moroccan National Route 1 leading to Mauritania, some 380 kilometres (240 mi) north of Nouakchott, in a buffer zone patrolled by MINURSO;[37] UN's envoy to the region, Horst Köhler, resigned in mid-2019 for health-related reasons.[38] The Polisario Front considers the road illegal since they say it was built in violation of the ceasefire.[39] Tensions yet again deepened between Morocco and the Polisario Front in mid-October, when unarmed Sahrawi refugees from Tindouf, Algeria (where Polisario-administered refugee camps house about 100,000 Sahrawi refugees[40]) passed through SADR-controlled territories to camp on and block the road in protest of what they called the plunder of Western Saharan resources from the Sahrawi people,[41] creating a large caravan of vehicles and blocking traffic in the region.[42] Morocco, which regards the region as vital to trade with sub-Saharan Africa,[9] accused the Polisario Front of infiltrating the buffer zone and "carrying out acts of banditry" in Guerguerat.[43] The Moroccan authorities also stated that the Polisario Front was harassing UN troops at the crossing, though the UN denied this.[33]

These protesters were later joined by a group of up to 12 Sahrawi People's Liberation Army (SPLA) fighters and 8 light vehicles, two of which had mounted heavy weapons, in violation of the ceasefire. The Polisario Front claimed they were exclusively there to protect the protesters but later removed some of the light vehicles on 29 October after being told by MINURSO withdraw from the area. At the same time, 16 Royal Moroccan Army vehicles carrying heavy-duty machinery were observed west of the berm near Guerguerat. To reduce tensions, MINURSO requested that the Moroccan army also leave the area. Despite claiming it would comply to the request, no withdrawal was observed.[11]

In early November, around 200 Moroccan truck drivers appealed to Moroccan and Mauritanian authorities for help, saying they were stranded on the Mauritanian side of the border near Guerguerat, and adding that they didn't have access to drinking water, food, shelter, or medicine, with some suffering from chronic illnesses.[10] According to Jeune Afrique, Morocco first appealed to the United Nations to resolve the conflict peacefully, and that although the Secretary-General of the United Nations, António Guterres, approved this request, the situation was not resolved.[44] Guterres himself likewise said that he had launched numerous initiatives to evade an escalation in the buffer zone, but his efforts had failed.[45] On 6 November, MINURSO observed that Morocco was deploying a large force consisting of 250 vehicles near Guerguerat.[11] On 12 November, Mauritanian forces reinforced their positions along border Polisario Front-controlled territories bordering Mauritania.[12]

Course of the conflict

2020

 
Moroccan trucks being blocked
  • 13 November: The clashes erupted on 13 November, when the Moroccan forces launched an offensive on Guerguerat to seize control of the road passing by the village,[46] which was blocked by around 50 Sahrawi activists and a few SPLA fighters.[47][1] In the ensuing engagement, both sides exchanged gunfire; however, no casualties were reported as both the SPLA and the protesters quickly retreated from the scene.[1] The Moroccan authorities stated that they had acted in self-defence, after a Sahrawi attack on Al Mahbes,[48] and launched an offensive to restore free circulation of civilian and commercial traffic in the area.[49] Later in the day, MINURSO observed three breaches across the berm southeast of Guerguerat as well as Moroccan bulldozers constructing a new sand wall through the buffer strip 6km east of the road.[11] In response to these events, Polisario Front stated that its forces fired upon four Moroccan bases and two checkpoints along the security wall.[50] Since the initial clash, the Moroccan military has kept a presence in Guerguerat and along the road in violation of the ceasefire agreement.[1]
  • 14 November: The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic officially declared war on Morocco.[17] The Polisario Front then stated that its forces had launched attacks on Moroccan military positions near Bagari, Al Mahbes, and Guerguerat. Morocco denied that it suffered casualties.[51]
  • 15 November: More skirmishing was reported between SADR and Moroccan forces along the security wall,[19] especially near Al Mahbes where Moroccan forces claimed to have destroyed an SPLA armoured vehicle.[52][53]
  • 16 November: MINURSO reported continued skirmishing along the security wall.[53]
  • 18 November: MINURSO reported harassing fire at points along the security wall.[54]
  • 24 November: The spokesman for the United Nations Secretary-General, Stéphane Dujarric, stated during his daily press briefing that MINURSO remains present and continues to monitor the situation throughout the territory, including Guerguerat. The United Nations also continues to receive reports of fire scattered throughout the northern and eastern parts of the berm, with the spokesperson stating that these incidents often occur at night.[55]
  • 11 December: The spokesman for the UN Secretary-General, Stéphane Dujarric, stated that the United Nations was still in contact with MINURSO in Western Sahara and that the mission had not witnessed any activity on the ground that would raise any concern in the past 24 hours.[56]

2021

  • 23 January: The Polisario Front's official news agency reported that they fired four missiles near a Moroccan-controlled border post at Guerguerat.[57][58]
  • 3 February: For the 43rd consecutive day, the SADR has claimed to attack Moroccan positions. The SADR Ministry of National Defense said they have carried out concentrated bombardments against Moroccan positions in Gararat Al-Firsik region, Mahbes sector. Along with bombardment in Um Dagan region, Al-Bagari sector; Ajbeilat Lajdar region, Guelta sector; and Lagseibiyin region, Farsía Sector.[59]
  • 9 February: The Polisario claimed that it had killed three Moroccan soldiers the previous day in a specific attack in the Ouarkziz region of southern Morocco, near the disputed territory of Western Sahara. Contacted by the French press, the information was not denied by the Moroccan government.[60][57]
  • 1 March: A spokesperson for António Guterres, the United Nations' Secretary-General, addressed the situation in Western Sahara during a daily press briefing. According to a near-verbatim transcript, he said that MINURSO "continues to receive unconfirmed reports of sporadic firing across the berm."[61]
  • 8 April: The Polisario head of the gendarmerie Addah al-Bendir was killed by what reports claim to be a drone strike, while attempting raid on Moroccan positions along berm.[62] The Sahrawi Ministry of Defense reported the military commander's "martyrdom," confirming his death to AFP. However, moments after publishing the news in the Polisario Front's official news agency, the Sahrawi Ministry of Defense removed it from its official publication.[63]
  • 14 October: A patrol of the Sahrawi People's Liberation Army consisting of several armed vehicles opened fire at a guard post near the Moroccan wall on Thursday night. The Royal Moroccan Army fired back and repelled the attack.[64]
  • 17 October: Brahim Ghali announced that attacks on Morocco by the Sahrawi People's Liberation Army will continue.[65]
  • 18 October: The Polisario Front fired rockets along sites near Al Mahbes.[66]
  • 14/15 November: Two Moroccan drone strikes hit SUVs near the berm, killing 11 people. The Moroccan government claims they were members of the Polisario Front attempting to cross the Moroccan Western Sahara Wall, while pro-Polisario sources claimed they were civilians, although some pro-Polisario sources did acknowledge the "martyrdom" of one militant.[67]
  • 17 November: The Sahrawi People's Liberation Army (SPLA), through its official news agency, claimed to have concentrated their artillery fire against the Moroccan forces entrenched in the Acheidmiya and Rus Asabti regions, in the Mahbes sector.[68]
  • 18 November: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out bombardments against Moroccan forces in north of the Galb Dirit region, in the Hauza sector and the Gabl Ad-dalim region, in the Tichla sector.[69]
  • 19 November: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against Moroccan forces at various points of the Moroccan berm, in the Laagad and Sabjat Tnushad regions, both in the Mahbes region.[70] Brahim Ghali criticized the Resolution 2602 of the UN Security Council, and recalls that the Polisario Front cannot commit to any cooperation outside the framework agreed in the 1991 AU-UN Solution Plan.[71]
  • 20 November: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the Moroccan forces positioned in the regions of Russ Sabti and the Udey Amarkba, in the Mahbes sector.[72] Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights expressed its "deep concern" over reports of attacks and human rights violations against Sultana Sid Brahim Khaya by Morocco.[73]
  • 21 November: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the Moroccan forces positioned in the region of Fadrat Almars in the Hauza sector.[74] Polisario front demanded all foreign companies to immediately withdraw from Western Sahara, considering their presence in the region as a flagrant violation of international law.[75]
  • 22 November: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against Moroccan forces positioned in the regions of Fadrat Tamat, Um Dagan and Sabjat Tanuchad, in the Hauza, Bagari and Mahbes sectors, respectively.[76] The SADR called on the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights to end Morocco's military presence in Western Sahara.[77]
  • 23 November: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the Moroccan occupation forces positioned in the regions of Tajalit At-talah and Guerat Uld Blal, in the sectors of Um Dreiga and Mahbes, respectively.[78]
  • 24 November: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the positions and entrenchments of the Moroccan forces at various points of the Moroccan wall, in the Fadrat Al-maras region in the Hauza sector.[79]
  • 25 November: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the positions and entrenchments of the Moroccan forces at various points of the Moroccan wall, in Sabjat Tanuchad and Guerat Uld Blal regions in Mahbes sector.[80]
  • 1 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall, in the region of Tajalit At-Talah in Um Dreiga sector, Udey Adamrán in Mahbes and the command of the 43rd Regiment located in the Amitir Lemkhinza region, in Mahbes.[81]
  • 2 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out attacks on Moroccan forces entrenched in the Laagad and Guerat ULD Blal areas, both in the Mahbes sector.[82]
  • 3 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments at Moroccan positions, in the regions of Um Dagan and Fadrat Almars, in the Bagari and Hauza sectors, respectively.[83]
  • 4 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments at Moroccan positions, in the regions of Agrarat al-Atása and the Udey Damrán, Mahbes sector, as well as the regions of Tajalat Talh and Steilat Uld Bugrein in the Um Dreiga and Auserd sectors, respectively.[84]
  • 5 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the Moroccan forces in the sectors of Hauza, Umdrega, Awsard and Mahbes.[85]
  • 6 December: The Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs, José Manuel Albares, reaffirmed his country's commitment to the relaunch of the dialogue to resolve the conflict in Western Sahara.[86]
  • 7 December: Brahim Ghali, affirmed in a letter he addressed to the UN Secretary General, António Guterres, that "[the Polisario] will not engage in any peace process while the Moroccan state continues imposing its reign on the Saharawi civilians in the occupied territories of Western Sahara."[87]
  • 8 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched new attacks against various targets of the Moroccan forces at different points of their positions throughout from the Moroccan Wall.[88]
  • 9 December: Brahim Ghali, affirmed to the Polisario's official news agency that "the Polisario will not adhere to any peace process at a time when Morocco imposes its regime on the occupied Sahrawi territories".[89]
  • 10 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out attacks on FAR base 14 and destroyed its radar in the regions of Guerat ULD Blal, Udey Damrán and Udey Emarkba, the Mahbes sector, and reached the area of Fadrat Aaach in the Hauza sector.[90]
  • 11 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces in Galb Nass and Aadeim Umajlud in the Hauza and Auserd sectors, respectively and bombarded the northern area of Dirit located in the Hauza sector.[91]
  • 12 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments at the regions of Galb Nass and Aadeim Umajlud in the Hauza and Auserd sectors.[92] According to the Polisario's official news agency, Brahim Ghali, said during a speech in the Dakhla refugee camp in Tindouf, Algeria that "the Moroccan occupier is the origin of the conflict in El Guerguerat given the assaults he committed against the Sahrawi people."[93]
  • 13 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the regions of Laagad, Grarat Alfarsik and Asteilat ULD Bugrein in the Mahbes and Auserd sectors, respectively.[94]
  • 14 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched concentrated bombardments against Moroccan positions in the regions of Rus Bin Zakka, Dirit, Al-Aidiyat and Rus Bin Amera, in the sectors of Hauza, Guelta and Farsía, respectively.[95]
  • 15 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched concentrated bombardments against the positions and entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the regions of Gararat Al-Firsik and Rus Asabti, in the Mahbes sector.[96]
  • 16 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall, in the regions of Udeyat Achadida, Taraganit, Lagteitira, Lagseibi Lamlas and Asteilat Uld Bugrein in the Farsía, Hauza and Auserd sectors.[97]
  • 17 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall, in the regions of Udey Damrán and Udey Amarkba in the Mahbes sector.[98]
  • 18 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces in the Agseiby Najla, Rass Lagseibi, Fadrat Almars and Alatása in the Hauza and Mahbes sectors, respectively.[99]
  • 19 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out intensive attacks targeting Moroccan soldiers in the regions of Targanat, Russ Arbeib, Al ga'aa, Lagteitira, Aadeim Um Ajlud, Aadeim Um Ajlud, Sabjat Tanuchad and allegedly bombed the headquarters of the Royal Moroccan Army's 43rd regiment in the Ameitir Lamjeinza, in the Hauza, Auserd and Mahbes sectors.[100]
  • 20 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces in the regions of Hafrat Achiaf, Galb An-nas and Gararat Al-Firsik in the sectors of Bagari, Auserd and Mahbes, respectively.[101]
  • 21 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their attacks against Moroccan forces in Fadrat Labeir, Fadrat Al-Ich, Taraganit, Galb An-nas, Asteilat Uld Bugrein, Udei Adamran and Udei Um Rakba regions in the sectors of Farsía, Hauza, Auserd and Mahbes.[102]
  • 22 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked several positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall in Laagad, Sabjat Tanuchad and Um Dagan regions, in the Mahbes and Bagari sectors, respectively.[103]
  • 23 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed Moroccan positions in the Fadrat Abruk region, Hauza sector[104]
  • 24 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked several positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall, in Tuayil area in the Umdreiga sector.[105]
  • 25 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the area of Fadrat Alaaach, in the Hauza sector, and Russ Sabti in the Mahbes sector.[106]
  • 26 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked several positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall, in the Russ Sabti and Udey Amarkba areas, both in the Mahbes sector.[107]
  • 27 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have intensified their attacks on the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the two regions of Astila Ould Boukrine and Kelb Ennes in the Ausard sector, and in Akouira Ould Ablal in the Mahbes sector.[108]
  • 28 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked several positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall, in Edeim Umm Jlud region, Auserd sector in addition to Rus Sabbti and Cheidmia, in the Mahbes sector.[109]
  • 29 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked several positions of the Moroccan forces, in the Rus Udei Adamran regions, in Mahbes, and the Adeim Um Ajlud region, in Auserd.[110]
  • 30 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their attacks against the Moroccan forces in the regions of Fadrat Lagrab, Rus Fadrat Lagrab, Rus Fadrat Dirit, Rus Arbeiyab Al-Geya, Rus Lagteitra and Fadrat Taraganit, in the Hauza sector.[111] The commander of the SPLA, Mohamed Luali Akeik, stated that "[the SPLA] will continue its mission of fighting until achieving independence and establishing total sovereignty over Western Sahara."[112]
  • 31 December: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out attacks on the areas of Lagseiby Lamlas, Lagseiby Kassar and the area of Lamkeitab, both in the Hauza sector and the Sabjat Tanuchad area in the Mahbes sector.[113]

2022

  • 1 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombarded the 43rd regiment of the Moroccan Army in the Amitir Lemkhinza region, and carried out attacks on the Laâked area in the Mahbes sector.[114]
  • 2 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks in Ahreichat Dirit and Udey Damran regions in the Hauza and Mahbes sectors, respectively.[115]
  • 3 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the Moroccan forces in Oudi Edamrane area in the Mahbas sector.[116]
  • 4 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched new attacks against the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the Laagad region, Mahbes sector.[117]
  • 5 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their bombardments against Moroccan forces positioned in the Rus Bin Amera region, in the Farsia region, as well as the regions of Laagad, Udei Adamran, Gararat Al-Firsik and Sabjat Tanuchad, in the Mahbes sector. The SPLA also reportedly carried outbombardments against the 65th regiment's command post in the Laagad region.[118]
  • 6 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their bombardments on the regions of Bin Zakka, Rus Lagseibiyin and Fadrat Al-Ich in the Hauza sector.[119]
  • 7 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the areas of Udey Damrán, Sabjat Tanuchad, Russ Sabti, Grarat Afarsik and Guerat ULD Blal in the Mahbes sector.[120]
  • 8 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the region of Sabjat Tanuchad, in the Mahbes sector.[121]
  • 9 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the regions of Grarat Alfarsik and Galb Nass in the Mahbes and Auserd sectors, respectively.[122]
  • 10 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the regions of Fadrat Lagrab, Fadrat Al-Ich and Rus Asabti, in the sectors of Hauza and Mahbes, respectively.[123] The representative of the Polisario Front to the United Nations, Sidi Mohamed Omar, affirmed that "the Saharawi side is willing to cooperate with the efforts of the United Nations and the African Union to achieve a peaceful and lasting solution to the conflict".[124]
  • 11 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their bombardments against Moroccan forces in the regions of Jangat Huría, Rus Udei As-sfaa and Gararat Lahdid, in the Smara and Farsía sectors, respectively.[125]
  • 12 January: The SPLA, claimed through its official news agency that their units carried out concentrated attacks against the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the Fadrat Al-Mars region, in the Hauza and the regions of Um Lagsa and Acheidmiya, in the Mahbes sector. The latter region had several vehicles and military equipment destroyed in the attacked base, including a Katyusha rocket launcher.[126]
  • 13 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the regions of Rus Faraa Udei As-sfaa, Fadrat Al-Ich, Guerat Uld Blal and Sabjat Tanuchad in the regions of Hauza and Mahbes.[127] The United Nations Personal Envoy for Western Sahara, Staffan de Mistura visited Rabat to meet Nasser Bourita, the Moroccan Minister of Foreign Affairs and Omar Hilale, Morocco's Permanent Ambassador to the United Nations, as part of the UN efforts to promote negotiations between the parties in conflict and a solution to the dispute. Morocco reiterated its position that Morocco has full sovereignty over Western Sahara.[128]
  • 14 January: The SPLA, claimed through its official news agency to launched bombardments at the Moroccan army's 43rd battalion command headquarters in the Umeitir Lamjeinza area, and at Moroccan positions stationed in the areas of Agrarat Al-Farsik and Russ Sabti, both in the Mahbes sector.[129]
  • 15 January: The UN Personal Envoy for Western Sahara, Staffan de Mistura visited Algers and the Saharawi refugee camps in Tindouf, as part of the UN efforts to promote negotiations between the parties in conflict and a solution to the dispute. de Mistura met high-ranking officials of the Polisario Front, and the Secretary General of the Polisario Front, Brahim Ghali.[130][131][132] Sidi Mohamed Omar, stated that "he does not expect much from de Mistura's visit, considering it a contact visit with the authorities of the parties in the conflict, (namely the SADR and Morocco), not in negotiation."[133] Omar later stated that "[the Polisario front] no longer sees the self-determination referendum as a possible solution, but cling to their legitimate right to full independence for Western Sahara".[134] During his visit to the Tindouf camps, de Mistura was photographed with a child soldier serving for the Polisario Front,[135] this caused widespread controversy and indignation, the UN Press Secretary later denied that de Mistura noticing the child soldier.[136][137] The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the Umeitir Lamjeinza area, and at Moroccan positions stationed in the Agrarat Al-Farsik and Russ Sabti areas, both in the Mahbes sector.[138]
  • 16 January: De Mistura met with the head of the Political Organization of the Polisario Front, Khatri Addouh, in Dar Diafa, Shahid Al Hafed. The chief negotiator affirmed that UN should seek peaceful settlement based on failure of past approaches.[139] Later, he was received by Brahim Ghali in his office at the Saharawi Presidency with the presence of the Polisario representative at the UN, Sidi Mohamed Omar.[140] The President of the CONASADH, Abba El-Haissan, warned about UN Failure to protect international humanitarian and human rights laws in Western Sahara.[141] The SPLA said that it had launched new attacks on military targets in the Mahbes sector.[142] The Chief of Staff of the Saharawi Army, Mohamed Luali Akeik, said that the conflict continues despite the fact that Morocco denied it.[143]
  • 17 January: De Mistura concluded his peacekeeping visit, heading to Nouakchott on his third stop, as part of his first tour to the region.[144] The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked the positions of the Moroccan forces in the Gararat Achadida and Gararat Lahdid regions, in the Farsía sector.[145]
  • 18 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out bombardments on the Fadrat Al-Ich and Adeim Um Ajlud regions, in the Hauza and Auserd sectors, respectively.[146]
  • 19 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments against the positions of the Moroccan forces in the Gararat Al-Firsik and Udei Adamran regions, in the Mahbes sector.[147]
  • 20 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched concentrated attacks against the positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan Wall, in the Galb An-nas and Ahreichat Dirit regions, in the Auserd and Hauza sectors, respectively.[148]
  • 21 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the areas of Laagad, Guerat ULD Blal and Fadrat Lagráb in the Mahbes and Hauza sectors, respectively.[149]
  • 22 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments on the Russ Sabti and Agrarat Al-Farsik areas and on Moroccan troops stationed in the Udey Damran area, both in the Mahbes sector.[150]
  • 23 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombings on Fadrat Lagraab, Galb Nass and Agrarat Al-Farsik regions in the Hauza, Auserd and Mahbes sectors, respectively.[151]
  • 24 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have made attacks on Laagad, Tanuchad and Agrarat Al-Farsik in the Mahbes sector.[152]
  • 25 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked the Moroccan positions at various points of the Moroccan Wall, in the Guerat ULD Blal region in Mahbes sector.[153]
  • 26 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched shelling against Moroccan forces in the Sabjat Tanuchad and Um Dagan regions, in the Mahbes and Bagari sectors, respectively.[154]
  • 27 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombarded Moroccan positions in the Sabjat Tanuchad and Gararat Al-Firsik regions, in the Mahbes sector.[155] In his speech, Brahim Ghali blamed "the Moroccan State for the serious events that threaten peace and security in the region".[156]
  • 28 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the Fadrat Laach and Russ Dirit areas, both in the Hauza sector.[157]
  • 29 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the Farsía sector, and the Galb Nass and Fadrat Tamát regions in the Auserd and Hauza sectors, respectively.[158]
  • 30 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the areas of Sabjat Tanuchad and Udey Damrán, both in the Mahbes sector.[159]
  • 31 January: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked the positions of Moroccan forces in the regions of Laagad, Steilat Uld Bugerin and Um Dagan, in the sectors of Mahbes, Auserd and Bagari, respectively.[160]
  • 1 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombings at the command post of the Moroccan army's 65th regiment in Laagad, as well as several targets in the Aagad Arkan region, in Mahbes.[161]
  • 2 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their attacks against the Moroccan forces positioned in the Agsibi An-Najla, Agseibi Amchagab and Lagseibi Lamlas, in the Hauza sector and the Sabjat Tanuchad, Udei Adamran and Laaran regions, in Mahbes.[162]
  • 3 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombings against the Moroccan forces positioned in the Fadrat Al-Ich and Fadrat Lagrab regions.[163]
  • 4 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Russ Arbeib, Russ Lagteitira and Russ Turkanat regions in the Hauza sector.[164]
  • 5 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments on Moroccan positions in the regions of Sabjat Tanuchad and Laagad in the Mahbes sector, and Russ Arbeib, Russ Lagteitira and Russ Turkanat in the Hauza sector.[165]
  • 6 February: During the 35th Summit of African Union Heads of State and Government held in Addis Ababa, Brahim Ghali informed African leaders of "the dangerous developments recorded in Western Sahara after the end of ceasefire", He compares "the practices pursued by Morocco [against Sahrawi people] to those practiced by the Israeli occupation against the Palestinian people".[166][167] The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces in the regions of Chadimiya and Rous Es-sebti in the Mahbas sector, as well as in the region of Laksibi Lamlas in the Hawza sector.[168]
  • 7 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have targeted the entrenchments of Moroccan soldiers in several regions of the Hawza sector, including the regions of Rous Benzekka, Lemkiteb and Rous Terkanet.[169]
  • 8 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched heavy bombardments against various positions along the Moroccan Wall, in the Gararat Achadida and Gararat Lahdid regions in the Farsía sector, and the Gararat Al-Firsik, Udei Adamran, Laagad and Udei Um Rakba regions in the Mahbes sector.[170]
  • 9 February: The SADR Ministry of Defense issued a war report summarising the combat operations that have been carried out by the SPLA in the first week of February, including a list of a total 12 Moroccan human losses.[171] The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched concentrated bombardments in the Lagseibi Lamlas region, in Hauza, as well as in the Um Lagta and Sabjat Tanucahd regions, in Mahbes.[172]
  • 10 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their attacks against the entrenchments of Moroccan forces in the Gararat Al-Firsik, Um Dagan, Rus Taraganit and Fadrat Labeir regions in the Mahbes, Bagari, Hauza and Farsia sectors, respectively.[173]
  • 11 February: A senior military official in the Sixth Military Region of the SPLA told the Polisario Front's official news agency that there were 8 Moroccan losses in early February 2022 near Mahbes. Morocco allegedly stated that the cause of these deaths was due to COVID-19 or other causes.[174] The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Agseiby Najla and Agseibi Amchagab regions in the Hauza sector.[175]
  • 12 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the regions of Udey Adamrán and Agrarat Al-Farsik in the Mahbes sector, and the Tandkama Al-Bayda area, Um Dreiga sector.[176]
  • 13 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in Laagad, Sabjat Tanuchad and Lamkeitab regions in the Mahbes and Hauza sectors, respectively.[177]
  • 14 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked the regions of Galb An-nas, Tandakma Al-Beida and Guerat Uld Blal in the Auserd, Um Dreiga and Mahbes sectors, respectively.[178]
  • 15 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched several attacks against the Moroccan forces in the Udei Adamran, Fadrat Tamat and Sahab Achadida in the Mahbes, Hauza and Farsía sectors, respectively.[179]
  • 18 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Um Dagan area in the Bagari sector.[180]
  • 19 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments on Moroccan positions in the regions of Al-Aría, Lairán, Aagad Argán, Guerat ULD Blal and the 65th regiment's command headquarters of the Moroccan army in Laaked, Mahbes sector, as well as the Russ Lagteitira and Um Dagan regions in the Hauza and Bagari sectors, respectively.[181]
  • 20 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Sabjat Tanuchad, Lagseibi Lamlas and Legseibi Al-Kasir and Aadeim Um Ajlud, in the Mahbes, Hauza and Auserd sectors, respectively.[182]
  • 21 February: The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Russ Targánat region in the Hauza sector.[183]
  • 22 February: SPLA launched new attacks in the Mahbes sector, against the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the regions of Gararat Al-Firsik and Udei Um Rakba.[184]
  • 23 February: SPLA launched heavy shelling against the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in Rus Asabti region, in the Mahbes sector and in the Amagli Adachra and Amagli Labgar regions, in the Amgala sector.[185]
  • 24 February: SPLA attacked Moroccan forces positioned in the Tandakma Al-Beida and Um Dagan regions, in the Bagari sector and in the Azamul Um Jamla region, in Um Dreiga. In addition, SPLA attacked Moroccan forces entrenched in the Gararat Al-Atasa region, as well as the 43rd regiment's command base in the Ameitir Lamjeinza region, in the Mahbes sector.[186]
  • 25 February: SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the areas of Laagad, Guerta Uld Blal, Sabjat Tanuchad and Russ Udey Damràn, in the Mahbes sector, as well as the Tandagma Albeida region, in the Bagari sector.[187]
  • 26 February: SPLA launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Grarat Alfarsik and Udey Emarkba areas, in the Mahbes sector.[188]
  • 27 February: SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Rus Acheidmiya and Udey Damràn areas, in the Mahbes sector.[189]
  • 28 February: SPLA attacked Moroccan positions in the Guerat Uld Blal and Sabjat Tanuchad regions, in the Mahbes sector, and in the Adeim Um Ajlud region, in Auserd sector.[190]
  • 1 March: SPLA attacked Moroccan forces in the Udei Um Rkba and Gararat Al-Firsik regions, in the Mahbes sector.[191]
  • 2 March: SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Gasbat Achuhada and Gararat Al-Arabi regions, in the Atweizegui sector and the Amheibas At-tarab, Aagad Aragan and Laaran, in the Mahbes sector.[192]
  • 3 March: SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Gararat Al-Firsik region, in the Mahbes sector.[193]
  • 4 March: SPLA bombarded the 43rd regiment's command base of the Moroccan army in the Ameitir Lamjeinza region, in the Mahbes sector, and neutralized a Moroccan BM-21 Grad artillery battery.[194]
  • 5 March: SPLA attacked Moroccan forces in the areas of Guerat Uld Blal and Sabjat Tanuchad, in the Mahbes sector.[195]
  • 6 March: SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Guerat Uld Blal, Sabjat Tanuchad, Grarat Alfarsik, Amheibas Tedrib, Aagad Argàn, Laaràn, Agseibat Shuhadà and Grarat Alaarbi in the Mahbes and Tuizgui sectors, respectively.[196]
  • 7 March: SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Grarat Chdeida, Russ Sueihat and Taraf Ahmeida areas, in the Farsía sector and in the Fadrat Laach area in the Hauza sector, as well as in Um Lagta and Laagad, in the Mahbes sector.[197]
  • 8 March: SPLA bombarded the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the Guerat Uld Blal, Laagad, Sabjat Tanuchad, Gararat Al-Firsik and Um Lagti regions in the Mahbes sector.[198]
  • 9 March: SPLA carried out new attacks against the Moroccan forces positioned in the Laagad region, in the Mahbes sector.[199]
  • 11 March: SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Grarat Alfarsik and Udey Damràn regions, in the Mahbes sector.[200]
  • 12 March: SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Russ Cheidmiya and Udey Amarkba areas, in the Mahbes sector.[201]
  • 13 March: SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Grarat Chdeida and Alfieín regions, in the Farsìa sector.[202]
  • 14 March: SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Gararat Achadida, Gararat Lahdid and Al-Faiyin regions, in the Farsía sector, as well as in the Tanuchad region, in the Mahbes sector.[203]
  • 15 March: SPLA attacked Moroccan forces in the Guerat Uld Blal region, in the Mahbes sector.[204]
  • 16 March: SPLA attacked Moroccan forces positioned in the Garart Achadida, Ajbeilat Aljadar and Gararat Al-Firsik regions in the Farsía, Guelta and Mahbes sectors, respectively.[205]
  • 17 March: SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan forces located in the Rus Asabti and Udei Adamrán regions, in the Mahbes sector.[206]
  • 19 March: SPLA launched new attacks in the Grarat Chdeid, Jbeilat Aljadar and Grarat Al-Farsik areas in the Farsía, Guelta and Mahbes sectors.[207]
  • 19 March: SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Laagad area in the Mahbes sector.[208]
  • 20 March: SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Guerat Uld Blal area in the Mahbes sector.[209]
  • 21 March: SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Ajbeilat Aljadar area in the Guelta sector.[210]
  • 22 March: SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Acheidmiya, Rus Asabti and Udei Adamran regions, in the Mahbes sector.[211]
  • 23 March: SPLA launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Rus Ajbeilat Lajdar, Laagad, Guerat Uld Blal and Sabjat Tanuchad regions, in the Mahbes and Guelta sectors, respectively.[212]
  • 24 March: SPLA attacked Moroccan positions in the Udei Um Rakba region, in the Mahbes sector.[213]
  • 25 March: SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Laagad and Guerat Uld Blal, in the Mahbes sector.[214]
  • 26 March: SPLA attacked Moroccan positions in the Grarat Alfarsik, Udey Damrà and Russ sabti regions, in the Mahbes sector and in the Amagli Dachra and Amigli Alhàra regions, in the Guelta sector.[215]
  • 27 March: SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan forces located in the Um lagta, Russ Cheidmiya, Grarata Chdeida, Grarat Lahdid and Ajbeilat Albid regions in the Mahbes, Farsía and Guelta sectors, respectively.[216]
  • 28 March: SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions located in the Guerat Uld Blal region, Laagad, and Gaarat Al-Firsik, in the Mahbes sector, as well as in the regions of Taref Hamida, Rus Asweihat and Gararat Achadida, in the Farsia sector.[217]
  • 2 April: SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in the Laagaad and Grarat Alfarsik areas, both in the Mahbes sector.[218]
  • 3 April: SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in the Udey Damràn area in the Mahbes sector.[219]
  • 4 April: SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan forces in the Kaydiat area, Um Dreiga sector.[220]
  • 6 April: SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in the Gararat Lahdid and Gararat Achadida regions, in Farsia sector.[221]
  • 7 April: SPLA attacked Moroccan forces positioned in The Rus Asabti and Guerat Uld Blal regions in the Mahbes sector, as well as the special intervention group's general headquarters of the 47th Battalion, in the Um Dagan region, Um Dagan sector.[222]
  • 8 April: SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan forces in the areas of Udey Damràn and Laagad, both in the Mahbes sector.[223]
  • 10 April: Moroccan forces reportedly killed three Algerian citizens in an airstrike on a truck convoy close to Ain Ben Tili, Mauritania.[224][225]
  • 11 April: SPLA attacked Moroccan forces positioned in the regions of Ajbeilat Albid, Lemsamir, Gararat Al-Arabi, Gasbat Achuhada and Rus Asabti, in the sectors of Guelta, Atweizegui and Mahbes, respectively.[226]
  • 12 April: SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in the regions of Fadrat Al-Mars, north of Galb Dirit, Al-Ariya and Amheibas At-tadrib, in the Hauza and Mahbes sectors, respectively.[227]
  • 13 April: SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in the Gararat Al-Firsik and Udei Adamran regions, in the Mahbes sector.[228]
  • 14 September: According to Mauritanian media, two Mauritanian gold miners were killed in an Moroccan drone strike in Western Sahara.[229]

2023

Since 2023 the SPLA has continued to launch daily attacks and bombardments against Moroccan positions along the berm.[230][231]

  • 1 September: A Moroccan drone strike killed 5 Polisario members in Al Mahbes area, including head of the sixth military region, Abba Ali Hamudi. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic declared three days of national mourning.[232]
  • 23 October: SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in Al-Akkad area.[233]
  • 28 October: The Polisario Front claimed responsibility for four explosions that struck the Moroccan-controlled city of Smara in three neighborhoods, damaging two houses, killing one and injuring three others, two of whom are in critical conditions. In a press release by the Sahara Press Service, the Polisario Front said "The attacks of the SPLA (the Sahrawi People's Liberation Army) targeting the entrenchments of the Moroccan occupation forces continue, inflicting heavy losses in lives and equipment along the wall of shame."[234] Al-Yaoum 24 website said that the explosions were caused by Polisario attacks launched from the Tifariti region. Morocco opened investigations into the series of explosions.[235]
  • 14 November: The SADR MoD stated that the SPLA carried out more than 3,457 military actions and targeted more than 922 sites since the start of the war.[236]

Non-military actions taken by Morocco and the SADR

On 13 November 2020, both Morocco and the SADR introduced mass mobilisation.[18][19] The SADR evacuated civilians from the Guerguerat area[47] and introduced a curfew in the territories under its control.[51]

Foreign support

Algeria

Since the start of the clashes, Algeria has reiterated its support for Western Saharan independence.[237] However, Algeria has been reluctant to send the SADR any serious type of equipment. Consequently, the SADR has been compelled to rely on outdated equipment dating back to the late 1980s and early 1990s, given that its previous arms supplier, Muammar Gaddafi, has long died. This predicament poses a challenge for the SPLA as they have to confront Moroccan forces equipped with more advanced weaponry, including drones.[238]

Despite that, Algeria still cooperates with the SADR by opening up its borders everyday to SPLA fighters armed with artillery who shoot at Moroccan positions.[239]

Israel

Following the signing of the Israel–Morocco normalization agreement in December 2020, Morocco has purchased advanced military equipment from Israel including at least 150 drones.[239][240] The use of these drones has been documented in Polisario-controlled Western Sahara where they have killed both SPLA fighters and civilians.[239] Israeli drones are also suspected to have been used to follow the movements of SPLA forces.[241]

In October 2022, Morocco made a deal with Israel to build two factories to produce war drones with Israeli supervision and expertise. These factories, once completed, will allow Morocco to manufacture advanced drones at a low cost compared to those it had been buying from China and Turkey.[242]

Turkey

In 2021, Turkey sold 13 Bayraktar TB2 attack drones to Morocco. Missile fragments examined by the Intercept indicated that the Bayraktar TB2s have been used on targets in Western Sahara.[240]

United Arab Emirates

In 2020, Morocco acquired three to four Chinese-made Wing Loong Is as a gift from the UAE. It was one of these UCAVs that Morocco reportedly used to kill Addah al-Bendir, the chief of the Polisario head of the Gendarmerie, in April 2021.[243]

Reactions

Official statements

Domestic

On 13 November, Sahrawi sources stated that there were mass protests in Laayoune, the unofficial capital of Western Sahara, which is de facto administered by Morocco, against the clashes.[249] The Moroccan media denied these claims, stating that the city's population was in support of the Moroccan forces, citing Laayoune's mayor.[250] Despite that, the NGO media outlet Équipe Media reported that the Moroccan government was exercising a strong police force, and had arrested several activists.[251] The next day, the same source stated that the Moroccan security forces had arrested several demonstrators in Smara.[252]

On 14 November, some Sahrawi tribal leaders issued a joint statement in support of the Moroccan intervention to restore free movement in Guerguerat.[253] More than fifty riders from the Moroccan Bikers Club and the Royal Petanque Club organized a trip from Casablanca to the Guerguerat border crossing starting on 27 December and ending on 3 January 2021, in a way to express their support for the Moroccan army's move to secure the crossing.[254]

Sahrawi self-determination activist Sultana Khaya described Moroccan control of the Western Sahara as an occupation and called for the United States to intensify diplomatic pressure on Morocco in favor of self-determination.[255] She has been under de facto house arrest since November 2020 and subject to repeated home raids and sexual assault by Moroccan security forces, as reported by a number of international human rights organizations.[256][257][258]

International

Supranational and regional organisations

The Secretary-General of the United Nations, António Guterres,[259] and the chairperson of the African Union Commission, Moussa Faki, expressed their grave concern over the conflict, with Faki stating "[The] Saharan issue has gone on for a long time and it has become urgent to solve it as a case of decolonization in the first place and to support the UN efforts in this regard."[260][261] The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell, stated that the EU was supporting the efforts of the United Nations to find a peaceful settlement for the conflict, per the Security Council resolutions, and stressing the insurance of freedom of movement in Guerguerat.[262] The secretary-general of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Yousef Al-Othaimeen, and the secretary-general of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Nayef bin Falah Al-Hajraf, stated that they support Morocco's efforts to what they called "securing freedom of civil and commercial movement."[263][264] On 20 November, the Chairperson of the African Union and President of the Republic of South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosa, wrote a letter to the United Nations Security Council that called for "all the parties to uphold the Settlement Plan, which provides for 'a cease-fire' and the holding of a referendum for the people of Western Sahara to exercise their right to self-determination."[265] The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization released a statement voicing its support for Western Sahara and condemned Morocco's "unlawful assertion" of sovereignty over Western Sahara.[266]

Foreign governments

Azerbaijan,[267] Bahrain,[268] the Central African Republic,[269] Comoros,[269] the Democratic Republic of the Congo,[270] Chad,[271][272] Djibouti,[273] Equatorial Guinea,[274] Gabon,[275][273] the Gambia,[276] Haiti,[277] Jordan,[278] Kuwait,[279] Liberia,[280] Oman,[281] Qatar,[282] São Tomé and Príncipe,[269] Saudi Arabia,[283] Senegal,[284] Sierra Leone,[285] Turkey,[286] Yemen (Hadi government),[287] and the United Arab Emirates[288] voiced their support for Morocco, while Guyana withdrew its recognition of the SADR.[289]

The Foreign Ministry of the State of Palestine said it "does not interfere in the internal affairs of the brotherly Arab countries".[290] Egypt,[273] Mauritania,[291] Russia,[292] and Spain[293] have all urged both parties to respect the ceasefire.

South Africa, Algeria and other states[who?] backed the Polisario Front, accused Morocco of violating the ceasefire and urged the UN to appoint a new Western Sahara envoy to restart talks.[294] Algeria also sent 60 tons of food and medical aid to the refugees in Western Sahara.[295] On the other hand, Spain's second deputy prime minister Pablo Iglesias Turrión,[296] Cuba,[297] and Venezuela[298] have stated that they supported the right to self-determination of the Sahrawis.

Minorities abroad

On 15 November, a group of Sahrawis staged a rally in front of the Moroccan consulate in Valencia, Spain. The protestors dismantled the flag of Morocco from the consulate, raising the SADR's flag over the building.[299][300] Spain[301] and Morocco[302] condemned the incident.

Analysis

According to International Crisis Group's Portuguese analytic Riccardo Fabiani, the conflict could be a "potential breaking point that could have major repercussions", adding that the United Nations had been quite negligent towards this issue.[37]

References

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December 15, 2023
western, saharan, clashes, 2020, present, this, article, needs, updated, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, june, 2023, this, article, long, read, navigate, comfortably, please, consider, splitting, con. This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information June 2023 This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably Please consider splitting content into sub articles condensing it or adding subheadings Please discuss this issue on the article s talk page March 2022 2020 2023 Western Saharan clashesPart of the Western Sahara conflictMap of the Western Sahara location of Guerguerat where the clashes began is marked with a red circle Date13 November 2020 2020 11 13 present 3 years 1 month and 1 day LocationMoroccan Western Sahara Wall Berm 21 25 34 N 16 57 31 W 21 42611 N 16 95861 W 21 42611 16 95861StatusOngoingTerritorialchangesMorocco secures Guerguerat border crossing 1 Belligerents Kingdom of Morocco Sahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicCommanders and leadersMohammed VI Abdellatif Loudiyi Saadeddine Othmani until 2021 Aziz Akhannouch since 2021 Abdelfattah Louarak until 2021 Belkhir El Farouk until 2023 Mohammed Berrid since 2023 Brahim Ghali Mohamed Wali Akeik Abdelkader Taleb Omar Bouchraya Hammoudi BayounUnits involvedRoyal Moroccan Armed ForcesSahrawi People s Liberation ArmyCasualties and lossesAt least 6 soldiers killed 2 3 1 a At least 12 soldiers killed 5 66 killed overall as of July 2023 update 6 7 Number of victims according to the International Crisis Group during the first week of combat The United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara has decided at present not to share information on the victims or the injured according to its spokesperson 4 The 2020 2023 Western Saharan clashes also called the Guerguerat crisis Moroccan military intervention in Guerguerat or Second Western Sahara War is an armed conflict between the Kingdom of Morocco and the self proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic SADR represented at the United Nations by the Polisario Front in the disputed region of Western Sahara It was the latest escalation of an unresolved conflict over the region which is largely occupied by Morocco but 20 25 is administered by the SADR 8 The violence ended a ceasefire between the opposing sides that had held for 29 years in anticipation of a referendum of self determination that would have settled the dispute Despite the establishment of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara in 1991 the referendum was never held Tensions between Morocco and the Polisario Front deepened in mid October 2020 when Sahrawi peaceful protesters blocked a controversial road connecting Moroccan occupied Western Sahara to sub Saharan Africa The protesters camped on the road near the small village of Guerguerat where it passes through a 5 kilometer wide buffer strip monitored by the UN Despite the controversy the route had grown in economic importance 9 such that the protest stranded about 200 Moroccan truck drivers on the Mauritanian side of the border 10 According to the MINURSO both Morocco and Polisario deployed forces near the area in late October 11 with Mauritanian forces reinforcing their positions along its border with Morocco which is controlled by the Polisario Front 12 On 13 November Morocco launched a military operation from the Berm into the demilitarized buffer strip of Western Sahara to clear the protesters near Guerguerat and restore the free movement of goods and people The Polisario Front urged the United Nations to intervene noting that the Moroccan military operation violated the ceasefire agreements of the 1990s and furthermore accused the Moroccan security forces of shooting at unarmed civilians in the buffer strip 13 14 Morocco denied there had been any armed clashes between the sides and said the truce remained in place 15 while SADR authorities declared the ceasefire over Clashes spread that same day along the Moroccan Berm with Morocco claiming that it had repelled a Sahrawi incursion near Al Mahbes 16 The SADR declared war on Morocco the next day 17 Since the beginning of the conflict both countries have begun mass mobilisation and the SADR Ministry of Defense claims to be carrying out daily bombardments on military objectives along the Moroccan Berm 18 19 20 It is the first major clash in the region since 1991 21 Contents 1 Background 1 1 Western Sahara War 1 2 Guerguerat Blockade 2 Course of the conflict 2 1 2020 2 2 2021 2 3 2022 2 4 2023 3 Non military actions taken by Morocco and the SADR 4 Foreign support 4 1 Algeria 4 2 Israel 4 3 Turkey 4 4 United Arab Emirates 5 Reactions 5 1 Official statements 5 2 Domestic 5 3 International 5 3 1 Supranational and regional organisations 5 3 2 Foreign governments 5 3 3 Minorities abroad 5 4 Analysis 6 ReferencesBackgroundFurther information Western Sahara conflict and Western Sahara War Western Sahara War nbsp Moroccan walls in the territory of Western Sahara during the Western Sahara war 1975 1991 In yellow the territory under control by the Polisario FrontThe disputed region of Western Sahara is a sparsely populated area mostly comprising desert territories situated in the Maghreb region of Africa s northwest coast The region was a Spanish colony until February 1976 when the Spanish government informed the United Nations that it withdrew from the territory Since then the region has been the subject of a long running territorial dispute between Morocco supported by a number of its prominent Arab allies including Saudi Arabia and Jordan 22 and the Saharawi Republic SADR an African Union member state established by the Algerian backed pro independence Polisario Front which is recognized by the United Nations as the legitimate representative of the indigenous Sahrawi people 23 Some commentators have connected Morocco s interests over the region with the idea of Greater Morocco which encompasses Western Sahara and parts of both Mauritania Mali and Algeria and according to the narrative was divided up by the French and Spanish colonizers 22 Morocco claiming Tindouf and Bechar provinces invaded Algeria in 1963 resulting in the brief Sand War which ended in a military stalemate 24 nbsp The official United Nations map of the MINURSO peacekeeping mission shows that the border crossing at Guerguerat is not among the recognized locations to cross the Moroccan Berm While the Polisario Front had waged a low intensity war of national liberation against Spanish colonial authorities since May 1973 the Western Sahara War began in October 1975 just weeks before the death of long time Spanish dictator Francisco Franco when Moroccan and Mauritanian forces 25 26 aided by France 27 28 invaded the Spanish colony While Mauritania withdrew from Western Sahara and recognized the Saharawi Republic early in the conflict by the end of the war Morocco had obtained control of more than two thirds of the vast desert territory in its western part along the Atlantic Ocean 29 During the war between 1980 and 1987 Morocco built six mostly sand barriers some 2 700 kilometres 1 700 mi long 30 and in 1988 both Morocco and the Polisario Front agreed to a UN Settlement Plan approved by the UN Security Council on 29 April 1991 called for a referendum which would ask the Sahrawis to choose between independence or integration into Morocco to be organized and conducted by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara MINURSO 31 After the war on 6 September 1991 an UN brokered ceasefire was signed 32 promising a referendum on self determination to the Sahrawis 33 The United Nations has recognising the area as a non self governing territory since 1963 it is also the only African territory on the list making the Western Sahara the last African territory subject to decolonization 33 34 Despite the efforts the planned referendum has been repeatedly delayed ever since then 35 Morocco had refused the terms of the referendum citing its dissatisfaction with who was allowed to vote 36 while tens of thousands of Moroccans have emigrated to the region since the 1970s 22 Guerguerat Blockade nbsp Guerguerat border crossing in 2007 Guerguerat is a small village located on the southern coast of the region along the Moroccan National Route 1 leading to Mauritania some 380 kilometres 240 mi north of Nouakchott in a buffer zone patrolled by MINURSO 37 UN s envoy to the region Horst Kohler resigned in mid 2019 for health related reasons 38 The Polisario Front considers the road illegal since they say it was built in violation of the ceasefire 39 Tensions yet again deepened between Morocco and the Polisario Front in mid October when unarmed Sahrawi refugees from Tindouf Algeria where Polisario administered refugee camps house about 100 000 Sahrawi refugees 40 passed through SADR controlled territories to camp on and block the road in protest of what they called the plunder of Western Saharan resources from the Sahrawi people 41 creating a large caravan of vehicles and blocking traffic in the region 42 Morocco which regards the region as vital to trade with sub Saharan Africa 9 accused the Polisario Front of infiltrating the buffer zone and carrying out acts of banditry in Guerguerat 43 The Moroccan authorities also stated that the Polisario Front was harassing UN troops at the crossing though the UN denied this 33 These protesters were later joined by a group of up to 12 Sahrawi People s Liberation Army SPLA fighters and 8 light vehicles two of which had mounted heavy weapons in violation of the ceasefire The Polisario Front claimed they were exclusively there to protect the protesters but later removed some of the light vehicles on 29 October after being told by MINURSO withdraw from the area At the same time 16 Royal Moroccan Army vehicles carrying heavy duty machinery were observed west of the berm near Guerguerat To reduce tensions MINURSO requested that the Moroccan army also leave the area Despite claiming it would comply to the request no withdrawal was observed 11 In early November around 200 Moroccan truck drivers appealed to Moroccan and Mauritanian authorities for help saying they were stranded on the Mauritanian side of the border near Guerguerat and adding that they didn t have access to drinking water food shelter or medicine with some suffering from chronic illnesses 10 According to Jeune Afrique Morocco first appealed to the United Nations to resolve the conflict peacefully and that although the Secretary General of the United Nations Antonio Guterres approved this request the situation was not resolved 44 Guterres himself likewise said that he had launched numerous initiatives to evade an escalation in the buffer zone but his efforts had failed 45 On 6 November MINURSO observed that Morocco was deploying a large force consisting of 250 vehicles near Guerguerat 11 On 12 November Mauritanian forces reinforced their positions along border Polisario Front controlled territories bordering Mauritania 12 Course of the conflictIt has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled Timeline of the Western Saharan clashes 2020 present Discuss March 2022 This section relies largely or entirely upon a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources at this section March 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message 2020 nbsp Moroccan trucks being blocked13 November The clashes erupted on 13 November when the Moroccan forces launched an offensive on Guerguerat to seize control of the road passing by the village 46 which was blocked by around 50 Sahrawi activists and a few SPLA fighters 47 1 In the ensuing engagement both sides exchanged gunfire however no casualties were reported as both the SPLA and the protesters quickly retreated from the scene 1 The Moroccan authorities stated that they had acted in self defence after a Sahrawi attack on Al Mahbes 48 and launched an offensive to restore free circulation of civilian and commercial traffic in the area 49 Later in the day MINURSO observed three breaches across the berm southeast of Guerguerat as well as Moroccan bulldozers constructing a new sand wall through the buffer strip 6km east of the road 11 In response to these events Polisario Front stated that its forces fired upon four Moroccan bases and two checkpoints along the security wall 50 Since the initial clash the Moroccan military has kept a presence in Guerguerat and along the road in violation of the ceasefire agreement 1 14 November The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic officially declared war on Morocco 17 The Polisario Front then stated that its forces had launched attacks on Moroccan military positions near Bagari Al Mahbes and Guerguerat Morocco denied that it suffered casualties 51 15 November More skirmishing was reported between SADR and Moroccan forces along the security wall 19 especially near Al Mahbes where Moroccan forces claimed to have destroyed an SPLA armoured vehicle 52 53 16 November MINURSO reported continued skirmishing along the security wall 53 18 November MINURSO reported harassing fire at points along the security wall 54 24 November The spokesman for the United Nations Secretary General Stephane Dujarric stated during his daily press briefing that MINURSO remains present and continues to monitor the situation throughout the territory including Guerguerat The United Nations also continues to receive reports of fire scattered throughout the northern and eastern parts of the berm with the spokesperson stating that these incidents often occur at night 55 11 December The spokesman for the UN Secretary General Stephane Dujarric stated that the United Nations was still in contact with MINURSO in Western Sahara and that the mission had not witnessed any activity on the ground that would raise any concern in the past 24 hours 56 2021 23 January The Polisario Front s official news agency reported that they fired four missiles near a Moroccan controlled border post at Guerguerat 57 58 3 February For the 43rd consecutive day the SADR has claimed to attack Moroccan positions The SADR Ministry of National Defense said they have carried out concentrated bombardments against Moroccan positions in Gararat Al Firsik region Mahbes sector Along with bombardment in Um Dagan region Al Bagari sector Ajbeilat Lajdar region Guelta sector and Lagseibiyin region Farsia Sector 59 9 February The Polisario claimed that it had killed three Moroccan soldiers the previous day in a specific attack in the Ouarkziz region of southern Morocco near the disputed territory of Western Sahara Contacted by the French press the information was not denied by the Moroccan government 60 57 1 March A spokesperson for Antonio Guterres the United Nations Secretary General addressed the situation in Western Sahara during a daily press briefing According to a near verbatim transcript he said that MINURSO continues to receive unconfirmed reports of sporadic firing across the berm 61 8 April The Polisario head of the gendarmerie Addah al Bendir was killed by what reports claim to be a drone strike while attempting raid on Moroccan positions along berm 62 The Sahrawi Ministry of Defense reported the military commander s martyrdom confirming his death to AFP However moments after publishing the news in the Polisario Front s official news agency the Sahrawi Ministry of Defense removed it from its official publication 63 14 October A patrol of the Sahrawi People s Liberation Army consisting of several armed vehicles opened fire at a guard post near the Moroccan wall on Thursday night The Royal Moroccan Army fired back and repelled the attack 64 17 October Brahim Ghali announced that attacks on Morocco by the Sahrawi People s Liberation Army will continue 65 18 October The Polisario Front fired rockets along sites near Al Mahbes 66 14 15 November Two Moroccan drone strikes hit SUVs near the berm killing 11 people The Moroccan government claims they were members of the Polisario Front attempting to cross the Moroccan Western Sahara Wall while pro Polisario sources claimed they were civilians although some pro Polisario sources did acknowledge the martyrdom of one militant 67 17 November The Sahrawi People s Liberation Army SPLA through its official news agency claimed to have concentrated their artillery fire against the Moroccan forces entrenched in the Acheidmiya and Rus Asabti regions in the Mahbes sector 68 18 November The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out bombardments against Moroccan forces in north of the Galb Dirit region in the Hauza sector and the Gabl Ad dalim region in the Tichla sector 69 19 November The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against Moroccan forces at various points of the Moroccan berm in the Laagad and Sabjat Tnushad regions both in the Mahbes region 70 Brahim Ghali criticized the Resolution 2602 of the UN Security Council and recalls that the Polisario Front cannot commit to any cooperation outside the framework agreed in the 1991 AU UN Solution Plan 71 20 November The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the Moroccan forces positioned in the regions of Russ Sabti and the Udey Amarkba in the Mahbes sector 72 Robert F Kennedy Human Rights expressed its deep concern over reports of attacks and human rights violations against Sultana Sid Brahim Khaya by Morocco 73 21 November The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the Moroccan forces positioned in the region of Fadrat Almars in the Hauza sector 74 Polisario front demanded all foreign companies to immediately withdraw from Western Sahara considering their presence in the region as a flagrant violation of international law 75 22 November The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against Moroccan forces positioned in the regions of Fadrat Tamat Um Dagan and Sabjat Tanuchad in the Hauza Bagari and Mahbes sectors respectively 76 The SADR called on the African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights to end Morocco s military presence in Western Sahara 77 23 November The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the Moroccan occupation forces positioned in the regions of Tajalit At talah and Guerat Uld Blal in the sectors of Um Dreiga and Mahbes respectively 78 24 November The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the positions and entrenchments of the Moroccan forces at various points of the Moroccan wall in the Fadrat Al maras region in the Hauza sector 79 25 November The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the positions and entrenchments of the Moroccan forces at various points of the Moroccan wall in Sabjat Tanuchad and Guerat Uld Blal regions in Mahbes sector 80 1 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall in the region of Tajalit At Talah in Um Dreiga sector Udey Adamran in Mahbes and the command of the 43rd Regiment located in the Amitir Lemkhinza region in Mahbes 81 2 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out attacks on Moroccan forces entrenched in the Laagad and Guerat ULD Blal areas both in the Mahbes sector 82 3 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments at Moroccan positions in the regions of Um Dagan and Fadrat Almars in the Bagari and Hauza sectors respectively 83 4 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments at Moroccan positions in the regions of Agrarat al Atasa and the Udey Damran Mahbes sector as well as the regions of Tajalat Talh and Steilat Uld Bugrein in the Um Dreiga and Auserd sectors respectively 84 5 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the Moroccan forces in the sectors of Hauza Umdrega Awsard and Mahbes 85 6 December The Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs Jose Manuel Albares reaffirmed his country s commitment to the relaunch of the dialogue to resolve the conflict in Western Sahara 86 7 December Brahim Ghali affirmed in a letter he addressed to the UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres that the Polisario will not engage in any peace process while the Moroccan state continues imposing its reign on the Saharawi civilians in the occupied territories of Western Sahara 87 8 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched new attacks against various targets of the Moroccan forces at different points of their positions throughout from the Moroccan Wall 88 9 December Brahim Ghali affirmed to the Polisario s official news agency that the Polisario will not adhere to any peace process at a time when Morocco imposes its regime on the occupied Sahrawi territories 89 10 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out attacks on FAR base 14 and destroyed its radar in the regions of Guerat ULD Blal Udey Damran and Udey Emarkba the Mahbes sector and reached the area of Fadrat Aaach in the Hauza sector 90 11 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces in Galb Nass and Aadeim Umajlud in the Hauza and Auserd sectors respectively and bombarded the northern area of Dirit located in the Hauza sector 91 12 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments at the regions of Galb Nass and Aadeim Umajlud in the Hauza and Auserd sectors 92 According to the Polisario s official news agency Brahim Ghali said during a speech in the Dakhla refugee camp in Tindouf Algeria that the Moroccan occupier is the origin of the conflict in El Guerguerat given the assaults he committed against the Sahrawi people 93 13 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the regions of Laagad Grarat Alfarsik and Asteilat ULD Bugrein in the Mahbes and Auserd sectors respectively 94 14 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched concentrated bombardments against Moroccan positions in the regions of Rus Bin Zakka Dirit Al Aidiyat and Rus Bin Amera in the sectors of Hauza Guelta and Farsia respectively 95 15 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched concentrated bombardments against the positions and entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the regions of Gararat Al Firsik and Rus Asabti in the Mahbes sector 96 16 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall in the regions of Udeyat Achadida Taraganit Lagteitira Lagseibi Lamlas and Asteilat Uld Bugrein in the Farsia Hauza and Auserd sectors 97 17 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall in the regions of Udey Damran and Udey Amarkba in the Mahbes sector 98 18 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces in the Agseiby Najla Rass Lagseibi Fadrat Almars and Alatasa in the Hauza and Mahbes sectors respectively 99 19 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out intensive attacks targeting Moroccan soldiers in the regions of Targanat Russ Arbeib Al ga aa Lagteitira Aadeim Um Ajlud Aadeim Um Ajlud Sabjat Tanuchad and allegedly bombed the headquarters of the Royal Moroccan Army s 43rd regiment in the Ameitir Lamjeinza in the Hauza Auserd and Mahbes sectors 100 20 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces in the regions of Hafrat Achiaf Galb An nas and Gararat Al Firsik in the sectors of Bagari Auserd and Mahbes respectively 101 21 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their attacks against Moroccan forces in Fadrat Labeir Fadrat Al Ich Taraganit Galb An nas Asteilat Uld Bugrein Udei Adamran and Udei Um Rakba regions in the sectors of Farsia Hauza Auserd and Mahbes 102 22 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked several positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall in Laagad Sabjat Tanuchad and Um Dagan regions in the Mahbes and Bagari sectors respectively 103 23 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed Moroccan positions in the Fadrat Abruk region Hauza sector 104 24 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked several positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall in Tuayil area in the Umdreiga sector 105 25 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the area of Fadrat Alaaach in the Hauza sector and Russ Sabti in the Mahbes sector 106 26 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked several positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall in the Russ Sabti and Udey Amarkba areas both in the Mahbes sector 107 27 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have intensified their attacks on the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the two regions of Astila Ould Boukrine and Kelb Ennes in the Ausard sector and in Akouira Ould Ablal in the Mahbes sector 108 28 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked several positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan wall in Edeim Umm Jlud region Auserd sector in addition to Rus Sabbti and Cheidmia in the Mahbes sector 109 29 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked several positions of the Moroccan forces in the Rus Udei Adamran regions in Mahbes and the Adeim Um Ajlud region in Auserd 110 30 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their attacks against the Moroccan forces in the regions of Fadrat Lagrab Rus Fadrat Lagrab Rus Fadrat Dirit Rus Arbeiyab Al Geya Rus Lagteitra and Fadrat Taraganit in the Hauza sector 111 The commander of the SPLA Mohamed Luali Akeik stated that the SPLA will continue its mission of fighting until achieving independence and establishing total sovereignty over Western Sahara 112 31 December The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out attacks on the areas of Lagseiby Lamlas Lagseiby Kassar and the area of Lamkeitab both in the Hauza sector and the Sabjat Tanuchad area in the Mahbes sector 113 2022 This section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information May 2022 1 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombarded the 43rd regiment of the Moroccan Army in the Amitir Lemkhinza region and carried out attacks on the Laaked area in the Mahbes sector 114 2 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks in Ahreichat Dirit and Udey Damran regions in the Hauza and Mahbes sectors respectively 115 3 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against the Moroccan forces in Oudi Edamrane area in the Mahbas sector 116 4 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched new attacks against the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the Laagad region Mahbes sector 117 5 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their bombardments against Moroccan forces positioned in the Rus Bin Amera region in the Farsia region as well as the regions of Laagad Udei Adamran Gararat Al Firsik and Sabjat Tanuchad in the Mahbes sector The SPLA also reportedly carried outbombardments against the 65th regiment s command post in the Laagad region 118 6 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their bombardments on the regions of Bin Zakka Rus Lagseibiyin and Fadrat Al Ich in the Hauza sector 119 7 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the areas of Udey Damran Sabjat Tanuchad Russ Sabti Grarat Afarsik and Guerat ULD Blal in the Mahbes sector 120 8 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the region of Sabjat Tanuchad in the Mahbes sector 121 9 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the regions of Grarat Alfarsik and Galb Nass in the Mahbes and Auserd sectors respectively 122 10 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the regions of Fadrat Lagrab Fadrat Al Ich and Rus Asabti in the sectors of Hauza and Mahbes respectively 123 The representative of the Polisario Front to the United Nations Sidi Mohamed Omar affirmed that the Saharawi side is willing to cooperate with the efforts of the United Nations and the African Union to achieve a peaceful and lasting solution to the conflict 124 11 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their bombardments against Moroccan forces in the regions of Jangat Huria Rus Udei As sfaa and Gararat Lahdid in the Smara and Farsia sectors respectively 125 12 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency that their units carried out concentrated attacks against the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the Fadrat Al Mars region in the Hauza and the regions of Um Lagsa and Acheidmiya in the Mahbes sector The latter region had several vehicles and military equipment destroyed in the attacked base including a Katyusha rocket launcher 126 13 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombed the regions of Rus Faraa Udei As sfaa Fadrat Al Ich Guerat Uld Blal and Sabjat Tanuchad in the regions of Hauza and Mahbes 127 The United Nations Personal Envoy for Western Sahara Staffan de Mistura visited Rabat to meet Nasser Bourita the Moroccan Minister of Foreign Affairs and Omar Hilale Morocco s Permanent Ambassador to the United Nations as part of the UN efforts to promote negotiations between the parties in conflict and a solution to the dispute Morocco reiterated its position that Morocco has full sovereignty over Western Sahara 128 14 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to launched bombardments at the Moroccan army s 43rd battalion command headquarters in the Umeitir Lamjeinza area and at Moroccan positions stationed in the areas of Agrarat Al Farsik and Russ Sabti both in the Mahbes sector 129 15 January The UN Personal Envoy for Western Sahara Staffan de Mistura visited Algers and the Saharawi refugee camps in Tindouf as part of the UN efforts to promote negotiations between the parties in conflict and a solution to the dispute de Mistura met high ranking officials of the Polisario Front and the Secretary General of the Polisario Front Brahim Ghali 130 131 132 Sidi Mohamed Omar stated that he does not expect much from de Mistura s visit considering it a contact visit with the authorities of the parties in the conflict namely the SADR and Morocco not in negotiation 133 Omar later stated that the Polisario front no longer sees the self determination referendum as a possible solution but cling to their legitimate right to full independence for Western Sahara 134 During his visit to the Tindouf camps de Mistura was photographed with a child soldier serving for the Polisario Front 135 this caused widespread controversy and indignation the UN Press Secretary later denied that de Mistura noticing the child soldier 136 137 The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the Umeitir Lamjeinza area and at Moroccan positions stationed in the Agrarat Al Farsik and Russ Sabti areas both in the Mahbes sector 138 16 January De Mistura met with the head of the Political Organization of the Polisario Front Khatri Addouh in Dar Diafa Shahid Al Hafed The chief negotiator affirmed that UN should seek peaceful settlement based on failure of past approaches 139 Later he was received by Brahim Ghali in his office at the Saharawi Presidency with the presence of the Polisario representative at the UN Sidi Mohamed Omar 140 The President of the CONASADH Abba El Haissan warned about UN Failure to protect international humanitarian and human rights laws in Western Sahara 141 The SPLA said that it had launched new attacks on military targets in the Mahbes sector 142 The Chief of Staff of the Saharawi Army Mohamed Luali Akeik said that the conflict continues despite the fact that Morocco denied it 143 17 January De Mistura concluded his peacekeeping visit heading to Nouakchott on his third stop as part of his first tour to the region 144 The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked the positions of the Moroccan forces in the Gararat Achadida and Gararat Lahdid regions in the Farsia sector 145 18 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out bombardments on the Fadrat Al Ich and Adeim Um Ajlud regions in the Hauza and Auserd sectors respectively 146 19 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments against the positions of the Moroccan forces in the Gararat Al Firsik and Udei Adamran regions in the Mahbes sector 147 20 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched concentrated attacks against the positions of the Moroccan forces along the Moroccan Wall in the Galb An nas and Ahreichat Dirit regions in the Auserd and Hauza sectors respectively 148 21 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the areas of Laagad Guerat ULD Blal and Fadrat Lagrab in the Mahbes and Hauza sectors respectively 149 22 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments on the Russ Sabti and Agrarat Al Farsik areas and on Moroccan troops stationed in the Udey Damran area both in the Mahbes sector 150 23 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombings on Fadrat Lagraab Galb Nass and Agrarat Al Farsik regions in the Hauza Auserd and Mahbes sectors respectively 151 24 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have made attacks on Laagad Tanuchad and Agrarat Al Farsik in the Mahbes sector 152 25 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked the Moroccan positions at various points of the Moroccan Wall in the Guerat ULD Blal region in Mahbes sector 153 26 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched shelling against Moroccan forces in the Sabjat Tanuchad and Um Dagan regions in the Mahbes and Bagari sectors respectively 154 27 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have bombarded Moroccan positions in the Sabjat Tanuchad and Gararat Al Firsik regions in the Mahbes sector 155 In his speech Brahim Ghali blamed the Moroccan State for the serious events that threaten peace and security in the region 156 28 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the Fadrat Laach and Russ Dirit areas both in the Hauza sector 157 29 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the Farsia sector and the Galb Nass and Fadrat Tamat regions in the Auserd and Hauza sectors respectively 158 30 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the areas of Sabjat Tanuchad and Udey Damran both in the Mahbes sector 159 31 January The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked the positions of Moroccan forces in the regions of Laagad Steilat Uld Bugerin and Um Dagan in the sectors of Mahbes Auserd and Bagari respectively 160 1 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombings at the command post of the Moroccan army s 65th regiment in Laagad as well as several targets in the Aagad Arkan region in Mahbes 161 2 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their attacks against the Moroccan forces positioned in the Agsibi An Najla Agseibi Amchagab and Lagseibi Lamlas in the Hauza sector and the Sabjat Tanuchad Udei Adamran and Laaran regions in Mahbes 162 3 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombings against the Moroccan forces positioned in the Fadrat Al Ich and Fadrat Lagrab regions 163 4 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Russ Arbeib Russ Lagteitira and Russ Turkanat regions in the Hauza sector 164 5 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments on Moroccan positions in the regions of Sabjat Tanuchad and Laagad in the Mahbes sector and Russ Arbeib Russ Lagteitira and Russ Turkanat in the Hauza sector 165 6 February During the 35th Summit of African Union Heads of State and Government held in Addis Ababa Brahim Ghali informed African leaders of the dangerous developments recorded in Western Sahara after the end of ceasefire He compares the practices pursued by Morocco against Sahrawi people to those practiced by the Israeli occupation against the Palestinian people 166 167 The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have carried out new attacks against positions of the Moroccan forces in the regions of Chadimiya and Rous Es sebti in the Mahbas sector as well as in the region of Laksibi Lamlas in the Hawza sector 168 7 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have targeted the entrenchments of Moroccan soldiers in several regions of the Hawza sector including the regions of Rous Benzekka Lemkiteb and Rous Terkanet 169 8 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched heavy bombardments against various positions along the Moroccan Wall in the Gararat Achadida and Gararat Lahdid regions in the Farsia sector and the Gararat Al Firsik Udei Adamran Laagad and Udei Um Rakba regions in the Mahbes sector 170 9 February The SADR Ministry of Defense issued a war report summarising the combat operations that have been carried out by the SPLA in the first week of February including a list of a total 12 Moroccan human losses 171 The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched concentrated bombardments in the Lagseibi Lamlas region in Hauza as well as in the Um Lagta and Sabjat Tanucahd regions in Mahbes 172 10 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have concentrated their attacks against the entrenchments of Moroccan forces in the Gararat Al Firsik Um Dagan Rus Taraganit and Fadrat Labeir regions in the Mahbes Bagari Hauza and Farsia sectors respectively 173 11 February A senior military official in the Sixth Military Region of the SPLA told the Polisario Front s official news agency that there were 8 Moroccan losses in early February 2022 near Mahbes Morocco allegedly stated that the cause of these deaths was due to COVID 19 or other causes 174 The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Agseiby Najla and Agseibi Amchagab regions in the Hauza sector 175 12 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in the regions of Udey Adamran and Agrarat Al Farsik in the Mahbes sector and the Tandkama Al Bayda area Um Dreiga sector 176 13 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments in Laagad Sabjat Tanuchad and Lamkeitab regions in the Mahbes and Hauza sectors respectively 177 14 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have attacked the regions of Galb An nas Tandakma Al Beida and Guerat Uld Blal in the Auserd Um Dreiga and Mahbes sectors respectively 178 15 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched several attacks against the Moroccan forces in the Udei Adamran Fadrat Tamat and Sahab Achadida in the Mahbes Hauza and Farsia sectors respectively 179 18 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Um Dagan area in the Bagari sector 180 19 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombardments on Moroccan positions in the regions of Al Aria Lairan Aagad Argan Guerat ULD Blal and the 65th regiment s command headquarters of the Moroccan army in Laaked Mahbes sector as well as the Russ Lagteitira and Um Dagan regions in the Hauza and Bagari sectors respectively 181 20 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Sabjat Tanuchad Lagseibi Lamlas and Legseibi Al Kasir and Aadeim Um Ajlud in the Mahbes Hauza and Auserd sectors respectively 182 21 February The SPLA claimed through its official news agency to have launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Russ Targanat region in the Hauza sector 183 22 February SPLA launched new attacks in the Mahbes sector against the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the regions of Gararat Al Firsik and Udei Um Rakba 184 23 February SPLA launched heavy shelling against the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in Rus Asabti region in the Mahbes sector and in the Amagli Adachra and Amagli Labgar regions in the Amgala sector 185 24 February SPLA attacked Moroccan forces positioned in the Tandakma Al Beida and Um Dagan regions in the Bagari sector and in the Azamul Um Jamla region in Um Dreiga In addition SPLA attacked Moroccan forces entrenched in the Gararat Al Atasa region as well as the 43rd regiment s command base in the Ameitir Lamjeinza region in the Mahbes sector 186 25 February SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the areas of Laagad Guerta Uld Blal Sabjat Tanuchad and Russ Udey Damran in the Mahbes sector as well as the Tandagma Albeida region in the Bagari sector 187 26 February SPLA launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Grarat Alfarsik and Udey Emarkba areas in the Mahbes sector 188 27 February SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Rus Acheidmiya and Udey Damran areas in the Mahbes sector 189 28 February SPLA attacked Moroccan positions in the Guerat Uld Blal and Sabjat Tanuchad regions in the Mahbes sector and in the Adeim Um Ajlud region in Auserd sector 190 1 March SPLA attacked Moroccan forces in the Udei Um Rkba and Gararat Al Firsik regions in the Mahbes sector 191 2 March SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Gasbat Achuhada and Gararat Al Arabi regions in the Atweizegui sector and the Amheibas At tarab Aagad Aragan and Laaran in the Mahbes sector 192 3 March SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Gararat Al Firsik region in the Mahbes sector 193 4 March SPLA bombarded the 43rd regiment s command base of the Moroccan army in the Ameitir Lamjeinza region in the Mahbes sector and neutralized a Moroccan BM 21 Grad artillery battery 194 5 March SPLA attacked Moroccan forces in the areas of Guerat Uld Blal and Sabjat Tanuchad in the Mahbes sector 195 6 March SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Guerat Uld Blal Sabjat Tanuchad Grarat Alfarsik Amheibas Tedrib Aagad Argan Laaran Agseibat Shuhada and Grarat Alaarbi in the Mahbes and Tuizgui sectors respectively 196 7 March SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Grarat Chdeida Russ Sueihat and Taraf Ahmeida areas in the Farsia sector and in the Fadrat Laach area in the Hauza sector as well as in Um Lagta and Laagad in the Mahbes sector 197 8 March SPLA bombarded the entrenchments of the Moroccan forces in the Guerat Uld Blal Laagad Sabjat Tanuchad Gararat Al Firsik and Um Lagti regions in the Mahbes sector 198 9 March SPLA carried out new attacks against the Moroccan forces positioned in the Laagad region in the Mahbes sector 199 11 March SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Grarat Alfarsik and Udey Damran regions in the Mahbes sector 200 12 March SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Russ Cheidmiya and Udey Amarkba areas in the Mahbes sector 201 13 March SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Grarat Chdeida and Alfiein regions in the Farsia sector 202 14 March SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Gararat Achadida Gararat Lahdid and Al Faiyin regions in the Farsia sector as well as in the Tanuchad region in the Mahbes sector 203 15 March SPLA attacked Moroccan forces in the Guerat Uld Blal region in the Mahbes sector 204 16 March SPLA attacked Moroccan forces positioned in the Garart Achadida Ajbeilat Aljadar and Gararat Al Firsik regions in the Farsia Guelta and Mahbes sectors respectively 205 17 March SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan forces located in the Rus Asabti and Udei Adamran regions in the Mahbes sector 206 19 March SPLA launched new attacks in the Grarat Chdeid Jbeilat Aljadar and Grarat Al Farsik areas in the Farsia Guelta and Mahbes sectors 207 19 March SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Laagad area in the Mahbes sector 208 20 March SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Guerat Uld Blal area in the Mahbes sector 209 21 March SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan positions located in the Ajbeilat Aljadar area in the Guelta sector 210 22 March SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Acheidmiya Rus Asabti and Udei Adamran regions in the Mahbes sector 211 23 March SPLA launched bombing attacks on Moroccan positions in the Rus Ajbeilat Lajdar Laagad Guerat Uld Blal and Sabjat Tanuchad regions in the Mahbes and Guelta sectors respectively 212 24 March SPLA attacked Moroccan positions in the Udei Um Rakba region in the Mahbes sector 213 25 March SPLA bombarded Moroccan positions in the Laagad and Guerat Uld Blal in the Mahbes sector 214 26 March SPLA attacked Moroccan positions in the Grarat Alfarsik Udey Damra and Russ sabti regions in the Mahbes sector and in the Amagli Dachra and Amigli Alhara regions in the Guelta sector 215 27 March SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan forces located in the Um lagta Russ Cheidmiya Grarata Chdeida Grarat Lahdid and Ajbeilat Albid regions in the Mahbes Farsia and Guelta sectors respectively 216 28 March SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions located in the Guerat Uld Blal region Laagad and Gaarat Al Firsik in the Mahbes sector as well as in the regions of Taref Hamida Rus Asweihat and Gararat Achadida in the Farsia sector 217 2 April SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in the Laagaad and Grarat Alfarsik areas both in the Mahbes sector 218 3 April SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in the Udey Damran area in the Mahbes sector 219 4 April SPLA launched bombardments on Moroccan forces in the Kaydiat area Um Dreiga sector 220 6 April SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in the Gararat Lahdid and Gararat Achadida regions in Farsia sector 221 7 April SPLA attacked Moroccan forces positioned in The Rus Asabti and Guerat Uld Blal regions in the Mahbes sector as well as the special intervention group s general headquarters of the 47th Battalion in the Um Dagan region Um Dagan sector 222 8 April SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan forces in the areas of Udey Damran and Laagad both in the Mahbes sector 223 10 April Moroccan forces reportedly killed three Algerian citizens in an airstrike on a truck convoy close to Ain Ben Tili Mauritania 224 225 11 April SPLA attacked Moroccan forces positioned in the regions of Ajbeilat Albid Lemsamir Gararat Al Arabi Gasbat Achuhada and Rus Asabti in the sectors of Guelta Atweizegui and Mahbes respectively 226 12 April SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in the regions of Fadrat Al Mars north of Galb Dirit Al Ariya and Amheibas At tadrib in the Hauza and Mahbes sectors respectively 227 13 April SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in the Gararat Al Firsik and Udei Adamran regions in the Mahbes sector 228 14 September According to Mauritanian media two Mauritanian gold miners were killed in an Moroccan drone strike in Western Sahara 229 2023 Since 2023 the SPLA has continued to launch daily attacks and bombardments against Moroccan positions along the berm 230 231 1 September A Moroccan drone strike killed 5 Polisario members in Al Mahbes area including head of the sixth military region Abba Ali Hamudi The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic declared three days of national mourning 232 23 October SPLA launched bombardments against Moroccan positions in Al Akkad area 233 28 October The Polisario Front claimed responsibility for four explosions that struck the Moroccan controlled city of Smara in three neighborhoods damaging two houses killing one and injuring three others two of whom are in critical conditions In a press release by the Sahara Press Service the Polisario Front said The attacks of the SPLA the Sahrawi People s Liberation Army targeting the entrenchments of the Moroccan occupation forces continue inflicting heavy losses in lives and equipment along the wall of shame 234 Al Yaoum 24 website said that the explosions were caused by Polisario attacks launched from the Tifariti region Morocco opened investigations into the series of explosions 235 14 November The SADR MoD stated that the SPLA carried out more than 3 457 military actions and targeted more than 922 sites since the start of the war 236 Non military actions taken by Morocco and the SADROn 13 November 2020 both Morocco and the SADR introduced mass mobilisation 18 19 The SADR evacuated civilians from the Guerguerat area 47 and introduced a curfew in the territories under its control 51 Foreign supportAlgeria Since the start of the clashes Algeria has reiterated its support for Western Saharan independence 237 However Algeria has been reluctant to send the SADR any serious type of equipment Consequently the SADR has been compelled to rely on outdated equipment dating back to the late 1980s and early 1990s given that its previous arms supplier Muammar Gaddafi has long died This predicament poses a challenge for the SPLA as they have to confront Moroccan forces equipped with more advanced weaponry including drones 238 Despite that Algeria still cooperates with the SADR by opening up its borders everyday to SPLA fighters armed with artillery who shoot at Moroccan positions 239 Israel Following the signing of the Israel Morocco normalization agreement in December 2020 Morocco has purchased advanced military equipment from Israel including at least 150 drones 239 240 The use of these drones has been documented in Polisario controlled Western Sahara where they have killed both SPLA fighters and civilians 239 Israeli drones are also suspected to have been used to follow the movements of SPLA forces 241 In October 2022 Morocco made a deal with Israel to build two factories to produce war drones with Israeli supervision and expertise These factories once completed will allow Morocco to manufacture advanced drones at a low cost compared to those it had been buying from China and Turkey 242 Turkey In 2021 Turkey sold 13 Bayraktar TB2 attack drones to Morocco Missile fragments examined by the Intercept indicated that the Bayraktar TB2s have been used on targets in Western Sahara 240 United Arab Emirates In 2020 Morocco acquired three to four Chinese made Wing Loong Is as a gift from the UAE It was one of these UCAVs that Morocco reportedly used to kill Addah al Bendir the chief of the Polisario head of the Gendarmerie in April 2021 243 ReactionsOfficial statements nbsp Morocco On 13 November the Authenticity and Modernity Party the Party of Progress and Socialism the Popular Movement Party and the Independence Party voiced their support for the Moroccan military intervention 244 The next day the House of Representatives of Morocco issued a statement stressing that the military intervention was legitimate 245 On 16 November King Mohammed VI stated that Morocco would take necessary measures to keep order and protect safety and fluidity of passenger and commercial traffic in the border area between Morocco and Mauritania adding that the UN had failed in its laudable attempts to end the unacceptable acts of the Polisario 246 Prime Minister Saadeddine Othmani said the operation led by the Moroccan forces was a strategic change to open the route in the Mauritania border 247 nbsp Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic On 16 November SADR s minister of foreign affairs Mohamed Salem Ould Salek stated that the end of the war was now linked to the end of the illegal occupation of parts of the territory of the Sahrawi Republic and that the war had started as a consequence of Morocco s aggression and action in Guerguerat 248 Domestic On 13 November Sahrawi sources stated that there were mass protests in Laayoune the unofficial capital of Western Sahara which is de facto administered by Morocco against the clashes 249 The Moroccan media denied these claims stating that the city s population was in support of the Moroccan forces citing Laayoune s mayor 250 Despite that the NGO media outlet Equipe Media reported that the Moroccan government was exercising a strong police force and had arrested several activists 251 The next day the same source stated that the Moroccan security forces had arrested several demonstrators in Smara 252 On 14 November some Sahrawi tribal leaders issued a joint statement in support of the Moroccan intervention to restore free movement in Guerguerat 253 More than fifty riders from the Moroccan Bikers Club and the Royal Petanque Club organized a trip from Casablanca to the Guerguerat border crossing starting on 27 December and ending on 3 January 2021 in a way to express their support for the Moroccan army s move to secure the crossing 254 Sahrawi self determination activist Sultana Khaya described Moroccan control of the Western Sahara as an occupation and called for the United States to intensify diplomatic pressure on Morocco in favor of self determination 255 She has been under de facto house arrest since November 2020 and subject to repeated home raids and sexual assault by Moroccan security forces as reported by a number of international human rights organizations 256 257 258 International Supranational and regional organisations The Secretary General of the United Nations Antonio Guterres 259 and the chairperson of the African Union Commission Moussa Faki expressed their grave concern over the conflict with Faki stating The Saharan issue has gone on for a long time and it has become urgent to solve it as a case of decolonization in the first place and to support the UN efforts in this regard 260 261 The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell stated that the EU was supporting the efforts of the United Nations to find a peaceful settlement for the conflict per the Security Council resolutions and stressing the insurance of freedom of movement in Guerguerat 262 The secretary general of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Yousef Al Othaimeen and the secretary general of the Gulf Cooperation Council Nayef bin Falah Al Hajraf stated that they support Morocco s efforts to what they called securing freedom of civil and commercial movement 263 264 On 20 November the Chairperson of the African Union and President of the Republic of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa wrote a letter to the United Nations Security Council that called for all the parties to uphold the Settlement Plan which provides for a cease fire and the holding of a referendum for the people of Western Sahara to exercise their right to self determination 265 The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization released a statement voicing its support for Western Sahara and condemned Morocco s unlawful assertion of sovereignty over Western Sahara 266 Foreign governments You can help expand this section with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish December 2020 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 151 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at es Enfrentamientos del Sahara Occidental 2020 presente see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated es Enfrentamientos del Sahara Occidental 2020 presente to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Azerbaijan 267 Bahrain 268 the Central African Republic 269 Comoros 269 the Democratic Republic of the Congo 270 Chad 271 272 Djibouti 273 Equatorial Guinea 274 Gabon 275 273 the Gambia 276 Haiti 277 Jordan 278 Kuwait 279 Liberia 280 Oman 281 Qatar 282 Sao Tome and Principe 269 Saudi Arabia 283 Senegal 284 Sierra Leone 285 Turkey 286 Yemen Hadi government 287 and the United Arab Emirates 288 voiced their support for Morocco while Guyana withdrew its recognition of the SADR 289 The Foreign Ministry of the State of Palestine said it does not interfere in the internal affairs of the brotherly Arab countries 290 Egypt 273 Mauritania 291 Russia 292 and Spain 293 have all urged both parties to respect the ceasefire South Africa Algeria and other states who backed the Polisario Front accused Morocco of violating the ceasefire and urged the UN to appoint a new Western Sahara envoy to restart talks 294 Algeria also sent 60 tons of food and medical aid to the refugees in Western Sahara 295 On the other hand Spain s second deputy prime minister Pablo Iglesias Turrion 296 Cuba 297 and Venezuela 298 have stated that they supported the right to self determination of the Sahrawis Minorities abroad On 15 November a group of Sahrawis staged a rally in front of the Moroccan consulate in Valencia Spain The protestors dismantled the flag of Morocco from the consulate raising the SADR s flag over the building 299 300 Spain 301 and Morocco 302 condemned the incident Analysis According to International Crisis Group s Portuguese analytic Riccardo Fabiani the conflict could be a potential breaking point that could have major repercussions adding that the United Nations had been quite negligent towards this issue 37 References a b c d e Time for International Re engagement in Western Sahara Crisis Group 11 March 2021 Archived from the original on 10 April 2021 Retrieved 2 April 2021 Why is the Western Sahara conflict heating up France 24 6 November 2021 Retrieved 23 July 2022 Sahara occidental trois Algeriens tues dans un bombardement attribue au Maroc LExpress fr in French 3 November 2021 Retrieved 4 November 2021 Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary General Meetings Coverage and Press Releases www un org Archived from the original on 24 November 2020 Retrieved 11 April 2021 Regional Overview Africa 3 9 April 2021 14 April 2021 Archived from the original on 19 August 2021 Retrieved 5 September 2021 ACLED Dashboard Marruecos reconoce hostigamientos del Frente Polisario pero sin victimas mortales 14 November 2020 Sahara Occidental cuadro zonas mapa politico militar PDF in Spanish Archived PDF from the original on 7 April 2020 Retrieved 14 November 2020 a b Polisario Front threatens to end Morocco ceasefire Middle East Monitor 12 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2020 a b Moroccan truckers stuck on Mauritania border urge help Arab News 7 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2020 a b c d Guterres Antonio 1 October 2021 Situation concerning Western Sahara PDF a b Mauritania army reinforces positions along border with Morocco Middle East Online 12 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2020 Morocco launches military operation in Western Sahara Associated Press 13 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2020 Dahir Abdi Latif 13 November 2020 Morocco Launches Military Operation in Western Sahara Buffer Zone The New York Times Archived from the original on 18 November 2020 Retrieved 17 November 2020 Morocco troops launch operation in Western Sahara border zone Al Jazeera 13 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 14 November 2020 Karam Souhail 13 November 2020 Military Clashes Erupt in Western Sahara After 30 Year Truce Bloomberg Retrieved 13 November 2020 a b Western Sahara independence group declares war on Morocco Axios 14 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 a b Kasraoui Safaa 13 November 2020 Morocco Mobilizes Army in Guerguerat in Response to Polisario s Provocations Morocco World News Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 a b c Malsin Jared 15 November 2020 Morocco Forces Clash With Western Sahara Fighters Risking Wider War The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 16 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 Los ataques del ELPS prosiguen contra las fuerzas enemigas a lo largo del Muro de la Verguenza Sahara Press Service in Spanish 22 December 2020 Archived from the original on 23 December 2020 Retrieved 23 December 2020 Moroccan army launches operation in Western Sahara border zone Arab News 13 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2020 a b c Martinez Marta Rodriguez 17 November 2020 Western Sahara Who are the Polisario Front and what do they want Euronews Archived from the original on 17 November 2020 Retrieved 19 November 2020 Algeria Western Sahara conflict is a colonialism issue Middle East Monitor 16 October 2020 Archived from the original on 6 November 2020 Retrieved 14 November 2020 Mikaberidze Alexander 31 July 2011 Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World A Historical Encyclopedia Vol 1 Abc Clio p 197 ISBN 9781598843361 Archived from the 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ocupacion posicionadas en el sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 17 November 2021 Archived from the original on 18 November 2021 Las unidades del ELPS bombardean nuevamente blancos de las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 18 November 2021 Archived from the original on 18 November 2021 El ELPS realiza bombardeos a las fuerzas enemigas a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 19 November 2021 Archived from the original on 19 November 2021 El presidente Gali afirma El pueblo saharaui ha decidido retomar la guerra de liberacion para instaurar la soberania sobre todo el territorio www spsrasd info in European Spanish 19 November 2021 Archived from the original on 19 November 2021 Fuerzas saharauis realizan bombardeos a guarniciones enemigas ubicadas en las zonas del sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 20 November 2021 Archived from the original on 20 November 2021 El Centro RFK llama al CS de la ONU que dote de la MINURSO de un mecanismo de vigilancia de los derechos humanos www spsrasd info in European Spanish 20 November 2021 Archived from the original on 20 November 2021 Nuevos ataques de Fuerzas saharauis a guarniciones enemigas ubicadas en el sector de Hauza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 21 November 2021 Archived from the original on 21 November 2021 El Frente POLISARIO pide retirada de todas las empresas extranjeras del Sahara Occidental www spsrasd info in European Spanish 21 November 2021 Archived from the original on 21 November 2021 Unidades del ELPS bombardean blancos de las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui en los sectores de Hauza Bagari y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 22 November 2021 Archived from the original on 22 November 2021 SADR calls on African Commission on Human Rights to end Moroccan crimes in occupied cities www spsrasd info 22 November 2021 Archived from the original on 22 November 2021 Las unidades del ELPS ejecutan nuevos ataques contra las fuerzas de ocupacion en los sectores de Mahbes y Um Dreiga www spsrasd info in European Spanish 23 November 2021 Archived from the original on 23 November 2021 Las unidades del ELPS lanzan nuevos ataques contra las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 24 November 2021 Archived from the original on 24 November 2021 Nuevos ataques del ELPS contra las posiciones y atrincheramientos de las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 25 November 2021 Archived from the original on 25 November 2021 SPLA units attacks Moroccan occupation forces entrenchments www spsrasd info 2 December 2021 Archived from the original on 3 December 2021 El ELPS continua hostigando guarniciones y atrincheramientos de las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui a lo largo del muro www spsrasd info in European Spanish 3 December 2021 Archived from the original on 6 December 2021 Unidades del ejercito saharaui realizan bombardeos al sector de Hauza y Bagari www spsrasd info in European Spanish 3 December 2021 Archived from the original on 6 December 2021 El ELPS continua hostigando las FAR en sectores de Hauza Auserd y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 4 December 2021 Archived from the original on 6 December 2021 SPLA targets Moroccan occupation forces in several sectors www spsrasd info 5 December 2021 Archived from the original on 5 December 2021 Spain reaffirms its commitment to relaunch of dialogue in Western Sahara www spsrasd info 6 December 2021 Archived from the original on 6 December 2021 President of the Republic POLISARIO will not engage in any peace process while the occupying state continues to impose its reign of terror on the Sahrawi Occupied Territories www spsrasd info 7 December 2021 Archived from the original on 7 December 2021 SPLA launch new attacks against Moroccan occupation forces positions www spsrasd info 8 December 2021 Archived from the original on 8 December 2021 We won t adhere to any peace process in view of continuation of Moroccan terrorism UN silence www spsrasd info 9 December 2021 Archived from the original on 9 December 2021 Unidades del ejercito saharaui destruyen una base y un radar en el sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 10 December 2021 Archived from the original on 10 December 2021 El ejercito saharaui continua con sus bombardeos a guarniciones y atrincheramientos de las fuerzas de ocupacion a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 11 December 2021 Archived from the original on 11 December 2021 Fuerzas saharauis continuan hostigando las fuerzas de ocupacion a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 12 December 2021 Archived from the original on 14 December 2021 Moroccan occupier origin of conflict in El Guerguerat www spsrasd info 12 December 2021 Archived from the original on 14 December 2021 El ELPS realiza nuevos bombardeos a posiciones enemigas a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 13 December 2021 Archived from the original on 13 December 2021 Las unidades del ELPS lanzan bombardeos concentrados contra las posiciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui en los sectores de Hauza Guelta y Farsia www spsrasd info in European Spanish 14 December 2021 Archived from the original on 14 December 2021 El ejercito saharaui concentra sus bombardeos contra los soldados de ocupacion en el sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 15 December 2021 Archived from the original on 15 December 2021 Las unidades del ELPS atacan las posiciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui en varios puntos del Muro de la Verguenza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 16 December 2021 Archived from the original on 16 December 2021 400 dias de bombardeos a las fuerzas de ocupacion a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 17 December 2021 Archived from the original on 18 December 2021 El ELPS continua hostigando las fuerzas de ocupacion a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 18 December 2021 Archived from the original on 18 December 2021 El ELPS destruye una base enemiga y continua hostigando las fuerzas de ocupacion a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 19 December 2021 Archived from the original on 19 December 2021 Las unidades del ELPS concentran sus ataques contra las fuerzas de ocupacion en las regiones de Hafrat Achiaf Galb An nas y Gararat Al Firsik www spsrasd info in European Spanish 20 December 2021 Archived from the original on 20 December 2021 El ELPS lanza nuevos ataques contra las fuerzas de ocupacion en los sectores de Farsia Hauza Auserd y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 21 December 2021 Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 Las unidades del ELPS atacan varias posiciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 22 December 2021 Archived from the original on 22 December 2021 Nuevos ataques del ELPS contra las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui a lo largo del Muro de la Verguenza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 23 December 2021 Archived from the original on 23 December 2021 New SPLA attacks against Moroccan occupation forces along the Wall of Shame www spsrasd info 24 December 2021 Archived from the original on 24 December 2021 Nuevos ataques del ELPS a las FAR en sectores de Mahbes y Hauza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 25 December 2021 Archived from the original on 25 December 2021 Fuerzas saharauis continua hostigando las fuerzas de ocupacion a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 26 December 2021 Archived from the original on 27 December 2021 SPLA carries out attacks against Moroccan occupation forces in sectors of Mahbes and Awsard www spsrasd info 27 December 2021 Archived from the original on 28 December 2021 SPLA attacks Moroccan occupation in Auserd and Mahbes sectors www spsrasd info 28 December 2021 Archived from the original on 28 December 2021 El ejercito saharaui bombardea posiciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui en los sectores de Mahbes y Auserd www spsrasd info in European Spanish 29 December 2021 Archived from the original on 29 December 2021 El ejercito saharaui concentra sus ataques de hoy contra las posiciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion en los sectores de Hauza y Auserd www spsrasd info in European Spanish 30 December 2021 Archived from the original on 31 December 2021 El Jefe del Estado Mayor asegura que el ELPS continuara su mision hasta lograr la independencia y la soberania total www spsrasd info in European Spanish 30 December 2021 Archived from the original on 30 December 2021 El ELPS bombardea posiciones enemigas en zonas del sector de Hauza y prosigue hostigando bases y posiciones de las fuerzas enemigas a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 31 December 2021 Archived from the original on 31 December 2021 El ELPS empieza el ano con el 415 bombardeo a posiciones de las fuerzas enemigas a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 1 January 2022 Archived from the original on 1 January 2022 Retrieved 1 January 2022 Fuerzas saharauis realizan nuevos bombardeos a posiciones enemigas en los sectores de Hauza y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 2 January 2022 Archived from the original on 2 January 2022 Retrieved 2 January 2022 New attacks by SPLA against forces of Moroccan occupier www spsrasd info 3 January 2022 Archived from the original on 3 January 2022 Las unidades del ELPS lanzan nuevos ataques contra las fuerzas de ocupacion en el sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 4 January 2022 Archived from the original on 4 January 2022 El ELPS concentra sus bombardeos contra las fuerzas de ocupacion en los sectores de Farsia y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 5 January 2022 Archived from the original on 5 January 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European Spanish 13 January 2022 Archived from the original on 13 January 2022 Retrieved 13 January 2022 Sahara Nasser Bourita s entretient avec l envoye personnel du SG de l ONU Staffan de Mistura Telquel ma in French Retrieved 24 February 2022 El ELPS bombardea la sede del mando del 43º batallon de las FAR y otras zonas de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 14 January 2022 Archived from the original on 14 January 2022 Retrieved 14 January 2022 Staffan de Mistura llega este sabado a los Campamentos de la Dignidad www spsrasd info in European Spanish 14 January 2022 Archived from the original on 14 January 2022 Retrieved 15 January 2022 De Mistura sera recibido en los Campamentos de Refugiados Saharauis por autoridades saharauis www spsrasd info in European Spanish 15 January 2022 Archived from the original on 15 January 2022 Retrieved 15 January 2022 La acogida popular a De Mistura en los Campamentos de Refugiados Saharauis www spsrasd info in European Spanish 15 January 2022 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debe explorar una solucion pacifica basada en la busqueda de las razones del fracaso de los esfuerzos anteriores www spsrasd info in European Spanish 16 January 2022 Archived from the original on 16 January 2022 Retrieved 16 January 2022 Sede de la Presidencia El presidente de la Republica Saharaui recibe al Enviado Personal del SG de la ONU www spsrasd info in European Spanish 16 January 2022 Archived from the original on 16 January 2022 Retrieved 16 January 2022 Los saharauis estan muy lejos de confiar en esfuerzos de la ONU mientras fracasa en la proteccion del derecho internacional humanitario y los DD HH afirma responsable saharaui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 16 January 2022 Archived from the original on 16 January 2022 Retrieved 16 January 2022 Staff The New Arab 16 January 2022 Western Sahara separatists launch attacks on Moroccan army english alaraby co uk Retrieved 24 May 2022 Existe una guerra y proseguira a pesar de la negacion de Marruecos ULD Akeik www spsrasd info in European Spanish 16 January 2022 Archived from the original on 16 January 2022 Retrieved 16 January 2022 El Enviado Personal del Secretario General de la ONU concluye su visita a los Campamentos y se dirige a Mauritania www spsrasd info in European Spanish 17 January 2022 Archived from the original on 17 January 2022 Retrieved 17 January 2022 El ELPS lanza nuevos ataques contra las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui en el sector de Farsia www spsrasd info in European Spanish 17 January 2022 Archived from the original on 17 January 2022 Retrieved 17 January 2022 Unidades del ELPS ejecutan intensos bombardeos contra las fuerzas de ocupacion en los sectores de Hauza y Auserd www spsrasd info in European Spanish 18 January 2022 Archived from the original on 19 January 2022 Retrieved 18 January 2022 El ELPS castiga las posiciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion en el sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 19 January 2022 Archived from the original on 19 January 2022 Retrieved 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the original on 24 January 2022 Retrieved 24 January 2022 El ejercito saharaui intensifica sus ataques contra las bases y guarniciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui a lo largo del Muro de la Verguenza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 25 January 2022 Archived from the original on 25 January 2022 Retrieved 25 January 2022 Las unidades del ELPS atacan las posiciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion en las regiones de Sabjat Tanuchad y Um Dagan www spsrasd info in European Spanish 26 January 2022 Retrieved 26 January 2022 Las unidades del ELPS concentran sus ataques contra los soldados enemigos en las regiones de Sabjat Tanuchad y Gararat Al Firsik www spsrasd info in European Spanish 27 January 2022 Archived from the original on 27 January 2022 Retrieved 27 January 2022 El Presidente de la Republica responsabiliza al Estado ocupante marroqui de los graves acontecimientos que amenazan la paz y la seguridad en la region www spsrasd info in European Spanish 27 January 2022 Archived from the original on 27 January 2022 Retrieved 27 January 2022 Fuerzas saharauis llevan a cabo intensos bombardeos contra las FAR en el sector de Hauza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 28 January 2022 Archived from the original on 29 January 2022 Retrieved 28 January 2022 Unidades del ELPS bombardean posiciones enemigas en sectores de Auserd Farsia y Hauza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 29 January 2022 Archived from the original on 29 January 2022 Retrieved 29 January 2022 Nuevos ataques del ELPS a posiciones enemigas a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 30 January 2022 Archived from the original on 30 January 2022 Retrieved 30 January 2022 Unidades del ELPS atacan las posiciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion en las regiones de Laagad Steilat Uld Bugerin y Um Dagan www spsrasd info in European Spanish 31 January 2022 Archived from the original on 1 February 2022 Retrieved 31 January 2022 El ELPS ataca blancos de las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui en el sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 1 February 2022 Archived from the original on 2 February 2022 Retrieved 1 February 2022 Las unidades del ELPS intensifican sus bombardeos contra los atrincheramientos de las fuerzas de ocupacion en los sectores de Mahbes y Hauza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 2 February 2022 Archived from the original on 3 February 2022 Retrieved 2 February 2022 Unidades del ELPS lanzan intensos bombardeos contra las regiones de Fadrat Al Ich y Fadrat Lagrab www spsrasd info in European Spanish 3 February 2022 Archived from the original on 3 February 2022 Retrieved 3 February 2022 Fuerzas saharauis realizan bombardeos a posiciones enemigas en el sector de Hauza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 4 February 2022 Archived from the original on 4 February 2022 Retrieved 4 February 2022 El ELPS hostiga las fuerzas enemigas a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 5 February 2022 Archived from the original on 5 February 2022 Retrieved 5 February 2022 الممارسات التي ينتهجها الاحتلال المغربي ضد الشعب الصحراوي شبيهة بتلك التي ينتهجها الاحتلال الإسرائيلي ضد الشعب الفلسطيني الرئيس ابراهيم غالي www spsrasd info in Arabic 6 February 2022 Archived from the original on 6 February 2022 Retrieved 6 February 2022 President of Republic informs African leaders on dangerous developments following Morocco s violation of ceasefire www spsrasd info 6 February 2022 Archived from the original on 6 February 2022 Retrieved 6 February 2022 SPLA carries out new attacks against positions of Moroccan occupier in Hawza and Mahbas sectors www spsrasd info 6 February 2022 Archived from the original on 6 February 2022 Retrieved 6 February 2022 SPLA targets entrenchments of Moroccan occupation soldiers in Hawza sector www spsrasd info 7 February 2022 Archived from the original on 7 February 2022 Retrieved 7 February 2022 Las unidades del ELPS concentran sus bombardeos contra las posiciones enemigas en los sectores de Farsia y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 8 February 2022 Archived from the original on 8 February 2022 Retrieved 8 February 2022 Unidades del ELPS lanzan varias operaciones de combate contra los atrincheramientos de las fuerzas de ocupacion a lo largo del Muro de la Verguenza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 9 February 2022 Archived from the original on 9 February 2022 Retrieved 9 February 2022 El ejercito ejecuta nuevos ataques contra las posiciones enemigas en los sectores de Hauza y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 9 February 2022 Archived from the original on 9 February 2022 Retrieved 9 February 2022 Las unidades del ELPS atacan objetivos del enemigo en los sectores de Mahbes Hausa Bagari y Farsia www spsrasd info in European Spanish 10 February 2022 Archived from the original on 10 February 2022 Retrieved 10 February 2022 Marruecos ya no puede seguir ocultando el hecho de una guerra que ya le ha reportado bajas Militar de Alto Rango www spsrasd info in European Spanish 11 February 2022 Archived from the original on 11 February 2022 Retrieved 11 February 2022 Intensos bombardeos del ELPS a objetivos del enemigo en el sector de Hauza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 11 February 2022 Archived from the original on 11 February 2022 Retrieved 11 February 2022 El ELPS continua bombardeando objetivos del enemigo a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 12 February 2022 Archived from the original on 12 February 2022 Retrieved 12 February 2022 La guerra prosigue y el ELPS continua hostigando posiciones enemigas a lo largo del muro militar www spsrasd info in European Spanish 13 February 2022 Archived from the original on 13 February 2022 Retrieved 13 February 2022 Las unidades del ELPS atacan blancos de los soldados de ocupacion en los sectores de Auserd Um Dreiga y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 14 February 2022 Archived from the original on 14 February 2022 Retrieved 14 February 2022 Unidades del ELPS lanzan ataques contra las fuerzas de ocupacion en los sectores de Auserd Mahbes Hauza y Farsia www spsrasd info in European Spanish 15 February 2022 Archived from the original on 15 February 2022 Retrieved 15 February 2022 El ELPS bombardea posiciones enemigas en el sector de Bagari www spsrasd info in European Spanish 18 February 2022 Archived from the original on 18 February 2022 Retrieved 18 February 2022 ELPS realiza multiples ataques a posiciones enemigas en Hauza Mahbes y Bagari www spsrasd info in European Spanish 19 February 2022 Archived from the original on 20 February 2022 Retrieved 19 February 2022 Fuerzas saharauis realizan ataques a posiciones enemigas en Hauza Mahbes y Auserd www spsrasd info in European Spanish 20 February 2022 Archived from the original on 20 February 2022 Retrieved 20 February 2022 Nuevos ataques del ELPS a posiciones enemigas a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 21 February 2022 Archived from the original on 21 February 2022 Retrieved 21 February 2022 El ejercito saharaui lanza nuevos ataques contra las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui posicionadas en las regiones de Gararat Al Firsik y Udei Um Rakba www spsrasd info in European Spanish 22 February 2022 Archived from the original on 22 February 2022 Retrieved 22 February 2022 Las unidades del ELPS atacan las fuerzas enemigas en los sectores de Mahbes y Amgala www spsrasd info in European Spanish 23 February 2022 Archived from the original on 23 February 2022 Retrieved 23 February 2022 Unidades del ELPS atacan las posiciones de fuerzas enemigas en los sectores de Bagari Mahbes y Um Dreiga www spsrasd info in European Spanish 24 February 2022 Archived from the original on 24 February 2022 Retrieved 24 February 2022 Fuerzas saharauis lanzan ataques a posiciones enemigas en Mahbes y Bagari www spsrasd info in European Spanish 25 February 2022 Archived from the original on 25 February 2022 Retrieved 25 February 2022 Artilleria saharaui bombardea posiciones defensivas de las fuerzas enemigas en Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 26 February 2022 Archived from the original on 26 February 2022 Retrieved 26 February 2022 Nuevos ataques de la Artilleria saharaui a posiciones defensivas de las fuerzas enemigas en Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 27 February 2022 Archived from the original on 27 February 2022 Retrieved 27 February 2022 Las unidades del ELPS atacan las fuerzas enemigas atrincheradas en los sectores de Mahbes y Auserd www spsrasd info in European Spanish 28 February 2022 Archived from the original on 28 February 2022 Retrieved 28 February 2022 Las unidades del ELPS concentran sus ataques contra las fuerzas enemigas en las regiones de Udeim Um Rakba y Gararat Al Firsik www spsrasd info in European Spanish 1 March 2022 Archived from the original on 1 March 2022 Retrieved 1 March 2022 El ELPS ataca varios blancos de las fuerzas de ocupacion en los sectores de Mahbes y Atweizegui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 2 March 2022 Archived from the original on 2 March 2022 Retrieved 2 March 2022 Las unidades del ELPS atacan las posiciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion en la region de Gararat Al Firsik www spsrasd info in European Spanish 3 March 2022 Archived from the original on 3 March 2022 Retrieved 3 March 2022 Nuevos ataques de la Artilleria saharaui a posiciones defensivas de las fuerzas enemigas en Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 4 March 2022 Archived from the original on 5 March 2022 Retrieved 4 March 2022 Artilleria saharaui bombardea posiciones defensivas de las fuerzas enemigas en Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 5 March 2022 Archived from the original on 5 March 2022 Retrieved 5 March 2022 La Artilleria saharaui concentra sus ataques contra posiciones defensivas de las fuerzas enemigas en Mahbes y Tuizgui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 6 March 2022 Archived from the original on 6 March 2022 Retrieved 6 March 2022 Fuerzas saharauis hostigan el enemigo en sectores de Hauza Farsia y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 7 March 2022 Archived from the original on 7 March 2022 Retrieved 7 March 2022 Las unidades del ELPS atacan varios blancos de las fuerzas de ocupacion a lo largo del Muro de la Verguenza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 8 March 2022 Archived from the original on 8 March 2022 Retrieved 8 March 2022 Las unidades del ELPS ejecutan nuevos ataques contra las fuerzas de ocupacion en la region de Laagad en Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 9 March 2022 Archived from the original on 9 March 2022 Retrieved 9 March 2022 Artilleria saharaui bombardea posiciones defensivas de las fuerzas enemigas en Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 11 March 2022 Archived from the original on 12 March 2022 Retrieved 11 March 2022 Fuerzas saharauis continuan hostigando el enemigo en el sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 12 March 2022 Archived from the original on 12 March 2022 Retrieved 12 March 2022 Nuevos ataques del ELPS a las fuerzas de ocupacion a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 13 March 2022 Archived from the original on 13 March 2022 Retrieved 13 March 2022 Unidades del ELPS atacan varios blancos de las fuerzas de ocupacion en los sectores de Farsia y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 14 March 2022 Archived from the original on 15 March 2022 Retrieved 14 March 2022 Las unidades del ELPS hostigan las posiciones de los soldados enemigos en la region de Guerat Uld Blal en Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 15 March 2022 Archived from the original on 15 March 2022 Retrieved 15 March 2022 El ELPS golpea las posiciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion en los sectores de Farsia Guelta y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 16 March 2022 Archived from the original on 17 March 2022 Retrieved 16 March 2022 Las unidades del ELPS lanzan ataques intensos y concentrados contra las posiciones de las fuerzas enemigas en las regiones de Rus Asabti y Udei Adamran www spsrasd info in European Spanish 17 March 2022 Archived from the original on 18 March 2022 Retrieved 17 March 2022 Balance Semanal fuertes bombardeos del ELPS sacuden las fuerzas de ocupacion a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 18 March 2022 Archived from the original on 19 March 2022 Retrieved 18 March 2022 Nuevos ataques del ELPS a las fuerzas de ocupacion a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 19 March 2022 Archived from the original on 19 March 2022 Retrieved 19 March 2022 La artilleria saharaui continua bombardeando el sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 20 March 2022 Archived from the original on 20 March 2022 Retrieved 20 March 2022 El ELPS continua bombardeando las FAR a largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 21 March 2022 Archived from the original on 21 March 2022 Retrieved 21 March 2022 El ELPS ataca varios blancos de las fueras de ocupacion en el sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 22 March 2022 Archived from the original on 22 March 2022 Retrieved 22 March 2022 Unidades del ELPS intensifican sus ataques contra las posiciones de las fuerzas enemigas en la region de Ajbeilat Albid www spsrasd info in European Spanish 23 March 2022 Archived from the original on 23 March 2022 Retrieved 23 March 2022 Las unidades del ELPS lanzan intensos bombardeos contra las posiciones de las fuerzas enemigas en la region de Udei Um Rakba www spsrasd info in European Spanish 24 March 2022 Archived from the original on 24 March 2022 Retrieved 24 March 2022 وحدات جيش التحرير الشعبي الصحراوي تستهدف تمركزات قوات الإحتلال بمنطقتي لعكد وأكويرة ولد أبلال www spsrasd info in Arabic 25 March 2022 Archived from the original on 25 March 2022 Retrieved 25 March 2022 Fuertes bombardeos sacuden las fuerzas enemigas en Guelta y ELPS destruye un radar de una base enemiga en el sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 26 March 2022 Archived from the original on 27 March 2022 Retrieved 26 March 2022 El ELPS ataca bases enemigas en los sectores de Mahbes Farsia y Guelta www spsrasd info in European Spanish 27 March 2022 Archived from the original on 27 March 2022 Retrieved 27 March 2022 El ELPS continua su ofensiva contra los blancos enemigos a lo largo del Muro de la Verguenza www spsrasd info in European Spanish 28 March 2022 Archived from the original on 29 March 2022 Retrieved 28 March 2022 Unidades del ELPS realizan intensos y concentrados ataques a posiciones enemigas en zonas del sector de Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 2 April 2022 Archived from the original on 2 April 2022 Retrieved 2 April 2022 El ELPS continua hostigando posiciones enemigas a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 3 April 2022 Archived from the original on 3 April 2022 Retrieved 3 April 2022 Nuevos ataques del ELPS a posiciones enemigas a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 4 April 2022 Archived from the original on 4 April 2022 Retrieved 4 April 2022 Las unidades del ELPS bombardean las posiciones de las fuerzas de ocupacion en las regiones de Gararat Lahdid y Gararat Achadida www spsrasd info in European Spanish 6 April 2022 Archived from the original on 6 April 2022 Retrieved 6 April 2022 El ELPS lanza nuevos ataques contra los atrincheramientos de las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 7 April 2022 Archived from the original on 7 April 2022 Retrieved 7 April 2022 501 dias de bombardeos a posiciones enemigas a lo largo del muro militar marroqui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 8 April 2022 Archived from the original on 8 April 2022 Retrieved 8 April 2022 Welle www dw com Deutsche Algeria accuses Morocco of killing 3 in Western Sahara DW 12 04 2022 DW COM Retrieved 24 May 2022 Algeria says Morocco attacked truck convoys in border area Reuters 13 April 2022 Retrieved 27 January 2023 Las unidades del ELPS atacan las fuerzas de ocupacion marroqui en los sectores de Guelta Mahbes y Atweizegui www spsrasd info in European Spanish 11 April 2022 Archived from the original on 12 April 2022 Retrieved 11 April 2022 Las unidades del ELPS concentran sus ataques contra los soldados enemigos en los sectores de Hauza y Mahbes www spsrasd info in European Spanish 12 April 2022 Archived from the original on 12 April 2022 Retrieved 12 April 2022 Unidades del ELPS provocan enormes perdidas en las filas enemigas en las regiones de Gararat Al Firsik y Udei Adamran www spsrasd info in European Spanish 13 April 2022 Archived from the original on 13 April 2022 Retrieved 13 April 2022 Nova Redazione Agenzia 14 September 2022 Sahara the killing of two Mauritanian miners reignites tensions in the region Agenzia Nova Retrieved 19 July 2023 Las unidades del ELPS atacan posiciones enemigas en las regiones de Asteilat Uld Bugrein Alfeiyin y Guerat Uld Blal www spsrasd info El ELPS bombardea enclaves enemigos en Auserd Farsia y Mahbes causando perdida a las fuerzas invasoras www spsrasd Five Members of Polisario Front Killed in Moroccan Raid Asharq Al Awsat Retrieved 2 November 2023 وحدات جيش التحرير الشعبي الصحراوي تستهدف تمركزات جنود الاحتلال بمنطقة لعكد وكالة الأنباء الصحراوية واص in Arabic Retrieved 2 November 2023 Rabat Basma El Atti ــ 30 October 2023 Polisario carries out 4 explosions in W Sahara killing one The New Arab Retrieved 1 November 2023 Morocco Opens Investigation into Western Sahara Attacks Asharq Al Awsat Retrieved 1 November 2023 Sahrawi Army carried out more than 3 457 military actions and targeted more than 922 enemy sites confirms a military official Sahara Press Service 14 November 2023 Retrieved 14 November 2023 Relaunching Negotiations over Western Sahara www crisisgroup org 14 October 2021 Retrieved 18 July 2023 Hilton Daniel Ghost towns rockets and drones Polisario s war in Western Sahara Middle East Eye Retrieved 18 July 2023 a b c Magid Andrea Prada Bianchi Pesha 24 June 2023 Decolonization s Last Stand in the Sahara Foreign Policy Retrieved 18 July 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b Bianchi Pesha Magid Andrea Prada 1 July 2023 Morocco Is Buying Bigger Badder Drones From Israel for Its Colonial War in Western Sahara The Intercept Retrieved 19 July 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Oryx A Rare Bird The IAI Heron In Moroccan Service Oryx Retrieved 19 July 2023 With the help of Israel Morocco is the first African country to enter the drone manufacturers club Middle East Monitor 15 October 2022 Retrieved 19 July 2023 Oryx Operating From The Shadows Morocco s UAV Fleet Oryx Retrieved 18 July 2023 National Political Parties Welcome Morocco s Decision to Secure Guergarate Crossing Maghreb Arabe Press 13 November 2020 Archived from the original on 19 November 2020 Retrieved 16 November 2020 Guergarate Lower House Stresses Legitimacy of Morocco s Actions Maghreb Arabe Press 14 November 2020 Archived from the original on 19 November 2020 Retrieved 16 November 2020 Morocco s King Says Determined to React Against Any Security Threat Asharq Al Awsat 18 November 2020 Archived from the original on 18 November 2020 Retrieved 18 November 2020 Royal Armed Forces Operation Strategic Change Putting End to Attempts to Block Guerguarat El Othmani Maghreb Arabe Press 16 November 2020 Archived from the original on 18 November 2020 Retrieved 16 November 2020 Polisario Says Conflict to End when Morocco Ends Occupation Naharnet 16 November 2020 Archived from the original on 19 November 2020 Retrieved 16 November 2020 Los saharauis salen a las calles de El Aaiun ocupado y se enfrentan a las autoridades ocupantes EcSaharaui in Spanish 13 November 2020 Archived from the original on 13 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 Inhabitants of Laayoune Fully Support Morocco s Decision To Act in Guergarate Ould Errachid Maghreb Arabe Press 13 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 Espana condena la colocacion de una bandera del Frente Polisario en el consulado de Marruecos en Valencia Nius Diario in Spanish 15 November 2020 Archived from the original on 15 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 La represion se intensifica en el Sahara Occidental ocupado EcSaharaui in Spanish 14 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 Shioukhs of Sahrawi Tribes Back Efforts to Restore Free Movement in Guergarate Maghreb Arabe Press 14 November 2020 Archived from the original on 15 November 2020 Retrieved 16 November 2020 نادي الدراجين المغاربة والنادي الملكي للكرة الحديدية في زيارة لمعبر الكركرات الثوابت الوطنية فوق كل اعتبار Nabaa 24 in Arabic 3 January 2021 Archived from the original on 10 June 2021 Retrieved 3 January 2021 Khaya Sultana Sidibrahim 29 July 2021 Opinion I ve been raped beaten and held under house arrest for fighting for my Sahrawi people CNN Retrieved 31 December 2021 Morocco Western Sahara Further information Sahrawi activist raped by Moroccan forces Sultana Khaya Amnesty International 30 November 2021 Retrieved 31 December 2021 Western Sahara Harassment of Independence Activist Human Rights Watch 5 March 2021 Retrieved 31 December 2021 Sultana Khaya Front Line Defenders 5 February 2021 Retrieved 31 December 2021 Guterres remains committed to maintaining 1991 ceasefire in Western Sahara UN News 13 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2020 Statement of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission H E Mr Moussa Faki Mahamat on the tensions in the Guerguerat buffer zone African Union 14 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 مفوضية الإتحاد الإفريقي تعرب عن قلقها البالغ وتلح على تسوية القضية الصحراوية بإعتبارها قضية تصفية إستعمار in Arabic 16 November 2020 Archived from the original on 30 November 2020 Retrieved 16 November 2020 Is the EU trying to mediate between Morocco and Algeria Yabiladi 16 November 2020 Archived from the original on 16 November 2020 Retrieved 16 November 2020 OIC Supports Morocco s Measures to Secure Freedom of Civil and Commercial Movement in Guerguerat Saudi Press Agency 14 November 2020 Archived from the original on 9 June 2021 Retrieved 16 November 2020 The Gulf Cooperation Council supports Moroccos measures to ensure the smooth Al Khaleej 15 November 2020 Archived from the original on 9 June 2021 Retrieved 16 November 2020 S 2020 1132 PDF United Nations Security Council UNPO Statement on Western Sahara 11 December 2020 Archived from the original on 14 December 2020 Retrieved 20 December 2020 Mebtoul Taha 4 December 2020 Western Sahara Azerbaijan Supports Morocco s Action in Guerguerat Morocco World News Archived from the original on 16 April 2021 Retrieved 16 April 2021 Bahrain expresses its solidarity with the Kingdom of Morocco against the attacks of the Polisario militias Aluom 14 November 2020 Archived from the original on 21 November 2020 Retrieved 14 November 2020 a b c European voices join wave of support to Morocco s action against Polisario militias in Guerguerat Northafricapost 16 November 2020 Archived from the original on 19 November 2020 Retrieved 18 November 2020 SAHARA GUERGUARAT LE PRESIDENT DE LA RDC APPORTE SON SOUTIEN AU MAROC Agence Afrique 27 November 2020 Archived from the original on 7 December 2020 Retrieved 7 December 2020 Tchad Diplomatie Facebook in French Archived from the original on 6 September 2021 Retrieved 19 November 2020 Le Tchad condamne l obstruction par les milices du polisario de la circulation des biens et des personnes a El Guerguarat MSN Archived from the original on 26 November 2020 Retrieved 19 November 2020 a b c El Guerguerate Plusieurs pays africains soutiennent le Maroc Yabiladi in French 15 November 2020 Archived from the original on 15 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 Le Gouvernement de la Republique de Guinee Equatoriale a exprime sa solidarite et appui au Gouvernement du Royaume du Maroc pour une initiative qu il a qualifie de juste et legitime conformement a la legalite internationale in French MFAC 15 November 2020 Archived from the original on 1 December 2020 Retrieved 16 November 2020 Securisation d El Guerguerate Le Gabon soutient les initiatives marocaines Gabonreview in French 16 November 2020 Archived from the original on 16 November 2020 Retrieved 20 November 2020 Guergarate large soutien africain a l action du Maroc Le Petit Journal Marocain in French 16 November 2020 Archived from the original on 4 March 2021 Retrieved 16 November 2020 Haiti Diplomatie Haiti prend position dans le conflit frontalier au Maroc haitilibre com in French 23 November 2020 Archived from the original on 23 November 2020 Retrieved 24 November 2020 الأردن يقف مع المغرب في حماية مصالحه ووحدة أراضيه وأمنه Al Ghad in Arabic 13 November 2020 Archived from the original on 16 November 2020 Retrieved 14 November 2020 دولة الكويت تؤي د الإجراءات التي اتخذها المغرب في منطقة الكركرات Euronews in Arabic 14 November 2020 Archived from the original on 18 November 2020 Retrieved 14 November 2020 Liberia Voices Support for Morocco s Operation in Guerguerat GNN Liberia 21 November 2020 Archived from the original on 28 November 2020 Retrieved 13 December 2020 الإمارات وقطر تعلنان دعمهما لتدخل الجيش المغربي في الكركرات Alyaoum24 in Arabic 13 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 14 November 2020 السلطنة تعرب عن تأييدها للمملكة المغربية الشقيقة فيما اتخذته من إجراءات لحماية أمنها وسيادتها على أراضيها Shabiba in Arabic 13 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 14 November 2020 Saudi Arabia supports Morocco s measures to ensure freedom of traffic in Guerguerat Union of OIC 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of New Western Sahara War Between Morocco and Polisario Front US News 13 November 2020 Archived from the original on 14 November 2020 Retrieved 13 November 2020 Aydemir Mucahit 16 November 2020 Algeria sends 60 tons of aid to West Sahara refugees Anadolu Agency Archived from the original on 21 January 2021 Retrieved 16 November 2020 ULTIMA HORA El Vicepresidente de Espana Pablo Iglesias pide la celebracion de un referendum en el Sahara Occidental EcSaharaui in Spanish 15 November 2020 Archived from the original on 15 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 Reafirma Cuba apoyo a solucion en Sahara Occidental Prensa Latina in Spanish Archived from the original on 17 April 2021 Retrieved 16 April 2021 Cancilleria Venezuela CancilleriaVE 14 December 2020 Venezuela reiterates solidarity with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and demands compliance with UN resolutions Tweet Retrieved 19 April 2021 via Twitter Espana condena el intento de colocar la bandera saharaui en el consulado marroqui de Valencia El Espanol in Spanish 15 November 2020 Archived from the original on 17 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 El Gobierno condena el intento de colocar la bandera saharaui en el consulado de Marruecos en Valencia Okdiario in Spanish 15 November 2020 Archived from the original on 16 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 Manifestantes saharauis colocan la bandera del Frente Polisario en el Consulado de Marruecos en Valencia Vozpopuli in Spanish 15 November 2020 Archived from the original on 17 November 2020 Retrieved 15 November 2020 Morocco Condemns in the Strongest Terms Acts of Vandalism and Violence against its Consulate in Valencia Maghreb Arabe Press 15 November 2020 Archived from the original on 16 November 2020 Retrieved 16 November 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Western Saharan clashes 2020 present amp oldid 1188902601, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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