A vice-county (vice county or biological vice-county)[1] is a geographical division of the British Isles used for the purposes of biological recording and other scientific data-gathering. It is sometimes called a Watsonian vice-county as vice-counties were introduced for Great Britain, its offshore islands, and the Isle of Man, by Hewett Cottrell Watson who first used them in the third volume of his Cybele Britannica published in 1852.[2] Watson's vice-counties were based on the ancient counties of Britain, but often subdividing these boundaries to create smaller, more uniform units, and considering exclaves to be part of the surrounding vice-county.
Vice-counties of Great Britain and the Isle of Man (Orkney and Shetland not shown)
Map showing detailed differences between Derbyshire vice-county (VC57) and the modern administrative county of Derbyshire, England.
Vice-counties are the "standard geographical area for county based [...] recording".[3] They provide a stable basis for recording using similarly sized units, and, although National Grid-based reporting has grown in popularity, vice-counties remain a useful mapping boundary, employed in many regional surveys, especially county floras and national lists. This allows data collected over long periods of time to be compared easily. The vice-counties remain unchanged by subsequent local government reorganisations, allowing historical and modern data to be more accurately compared.[4]
In 2002, to mark the 150th anniversary of the introduction of the Watsonian vice-county system, the NBN Trust commissioned the digitisation of the 112 vice-county boundaries for England, Scotland and Wales, based on 420 original one-inch to the mile maps annotated by Dandy in 1947, and held at the Natural History Museum, London. The resulting datafiles were much more detailed than anything readily available to recorders up to that point, and were made freely available (as a beta version). Intended for use with modern GIS and biological recording software, a final 'standard' version was released in 2008.[5][6] Up until that point, county recorders only had general access to a set of two fold-out vice-county maps covering the entirety of Great Britain, published in 1969.[7]
The vice-county system was first introduced by Hewett Cottrell Watson in the third volume of his Cybele Britannica published in 1852. He refined the system in later volumes. The geographical area that Watson called "Britain" consisted of the island of Great Britain with all of its offshore islands, plus the Isle of Man, but excluding the Channel Islands. This area was divided into 112 vice-counties with larger counties divided; for example, Devon into the vice-counties of North Devon and South Devon, and Yorkshire into five vice-counties. Each of these 112 vice-counties has a name and a number. Thus Vice-county 38, often abbreviated to "VC38", is called "Warwickshire".[2]
In 1901, Robert Lloyd Praeger extended the system of vice-counties to Ireland and its off-shore islands, based on an earlier suggestion by C.C. Babington in 1859. The Irish vice-counties were based on the historic 32 counties of Ireland, with the six largest being sub-divided; for example, the county of Cork was divided into three vice-counties. This produced a total of 40 vice-counties for Ireland, which were numbered from H1 to H40 ("H" for "Hibernia"). As with the 112 vice-counties of Britain, each vice-county has a name as well as a number. Thus Vice-county (or VC) H3 is "West Cork".[1][2]
Combining these two systems produces a 152 vice-county system. The exclusion of the Channel Islands from Watson's system for Britain has led to variations between different recording schemes. The geographical area covered by the 152 vice-counties may be described as the "British Isles", as in the 2008 Checklist of Beetles of the British Isles.[8] Other recording schemes regard the "British Isles" as including the Channel Islands. As they are not part of the 152 vice-county system, the Channel Islands may be added as an extra vice-county, making 153 in total, being indicated by letter codes such as "C"[3] or "CI".[9] Less usually, each of the five separate islands may be treated as a vice-county, giving 157 vice-counties in total.[10]
Alternative counts of vice-counties used in different recording schemes are shown in the table below.
The vice-counties of Britain alone may be described as "Watsonian vice-counties",[11] or this term may be used for the combined vice-counties of Britain and Ireland,[3] which may also be described as "Watson-Praeger vice-counties".[12] In all cases, the Channel Islands may be excluded,[11] or included,[12] so that the count of vice-counties varies, as noted in the table above.
List of vice-counties
England and Wales
VC
Vice county
VC1
West Cornwall with Scilly
VC2
East Cornwall
VC3
South Devon
VC4
North Devon
VC5
South Somerset
VC6
North Somerset
VC7
North Wiltshire
VC8
South Wiltshire
VC9
Dorset
VC10
Isle of Wight
VC11
South Hampshire
VC12
North Hampshire
VC13
West Sussex
VC14
East Sussex
VC15
East Kent
VC16
West Kent
VC17
Surrey
VC18
South Essex
VC19
North Essex
VC20
Hertfordshire
VC21
Middlesex
VC22
Berkshire
VC23
Oxfordshire
VC24
Buckinghamshire
VC25
East Suffolk
VC26
West Suffolk
VC27
East Norfolk
VC28
West Norfolk
VC29
Cambridgeshire
VC30
Bedfordshire
VC31
Huntingdonshire
VC32
Northamptonshire
VC33
East Gloucestershire
VC34
West Gloucestershire
VC35
Monmouthshire
VC36
Herefordshire
VC37
Worcestershire
VC38
Warwickshire
VC39
Staffordshire
VC40
Shropshire
VC41
Glamorganshire
VC42
Breconshire
VC43
Radnorshire
VC44
Carmarthenshire
VC45
Pembrokeshire
VC46
Cardiganshire
VC47
Montgomeryshire
VC48
Merionethshire
VC49
Caernarvonshire
VC50
Denbighshire
VC51
Flintshire
VC52
Anglesey
VC53
South Lincolnshire
VC54
North Lincolnshire
VC55
Leicestershire with Rutland
VC56
Nottinghamshire
VC57
Derbyshire
VC58
Cheshire
VC59
South Lancashire
VC60
West Lancashire
VC61
South-east Yorkshire
VC62
North-east Yorkshire
VC63
South-west Yorkshire
VC64
Mid-west Yorkshire
VC65
North-west Yorkshire
VC66
County Durham
VC67
South Northumberland
VC68
North Northumberland
VC69
Westmorland with Furness
VC70
Cumberland
Isle of Man
VC
Vice county
VC71
Isle of Man
Scotland
VC
Vice county
VC72
Dumfriesshire
VC73
Kirkcudbrightshire
VC74
Wigtownshire
VC75
Ayrshire
VC76
Renfrewshire
VC77
Lanarkshire
VC78
Peeblesshire
VC79
Selkirkshire
VC80
Roxburghshire
VC81
Berwickshire
VC82
East Lothian
VC83
Midlothian
VC84
West Lothian
VC85
Fifeshire
VC86
Stirlingshire
VC87
West Perthshire
VC88
Mid Perthshire
VC89
East Perthshire
VC90
Angus
VC91
Kincardineshire
VC92
South Aberdeenshire
VC93
North Aberdeenshire
VC94
Banffshire
VC95
Moray
VC96
East Inverness-shire
VC97
West Inverness-shire
VC98
Argyllshire
VC99
Dunbartonshire
VC100
Clyde Isles
VC101
Kintyre
VC102
South Ebudes
VC103
Mid Ebudes
VC104
North Ebudes
VC105
West Ross & Cromarty
VC106
East Ross & Cromarty
VC107
East Sutherland
VC108
West Sutherland
VC109
Caithness
VC110
Outer Hebrides
VC111
Orkney
VC112
Shetland
Ireland
VC
Vice county
H1
South Kerry
H2
North Kerry
H3
West Cork
H4
Mid-Cork
H5
East Cork
H6
Waterford
H7
South Tipperary
H8
Limerick
H9
Clare
H10
North Tipperary
H11
Kilkenny
H12
Wexford
H13
Carlow
H14
Laois
H15
South-east Galway
H16
West Galway
H17
North-east Galway
H18
Offaly
H19
Kildare
H20
Wicklow
H21
Dublin
H22
Meath
H23
Westmeath
H24
Longford
H25
Roscommon
H26
East Mayo
H27
West Mayo
H28
Sligo
H29
Leitrim
H30
Cavan
H31
Louth
H32
Monaghan
H33
Fermanagh
H34
East Donegal
H35
West Donegal
H36
Tyrone
H37
Armagh
H38
Down
H39
Antrim
H40
Londonderry
Vice-counties of Ireland listed by county, province and jurisdiction
Praeger's fieldwork mostly predates and ignores the county boundary changes made in 1899 under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. Divergences from the pre-1899 boundaries are noted below.
^ abcCounty Waterford (Munster) north of the River Suir (i.e. Kilculliheen) is in Kilkenny vice-county (Leinster)
^ abThe North and South Tipperary vice-counties are divided by the Dublin–Cork railway line and do not correspond to the county's North and South ridings.
^ abcThe Aran Islands (County Galway, Connacht) are in Clare vice-county (Munster)
^ abcd The only 1899 transfer accepted by Praeger is the land east of Lough Derg transferred from Galway (Connacht) to Clare (Munster).
^ abPraeger's 1933 map inconsistently includes in West Mayo an area transferred from Galway to Mayo under the 1898 act; his 1901 map has it in West Galway.
^ abcThe area of County Londonderry (Northern Ireland) west of the River Foyle is in East Donegal vice-county (Republic of Ireland).
^ abcWebb, D.A. (1980), "The Biological Vice-Counties of Ireland", Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 80B: 179–196, JSTOR 20494359
^ abcdVincent, Peter J. (1990), "Recording species distributions", A Biogeography of the British Isles: an Introduction, Routledge, pp. 48–73, ISBN978-0-415-03471-5
^, National Biodiversity Network, archived from the original on 4 March 2016, retrieved 8 April 2021
^"Watsonian vice county boundaries GIS layers". GitHub. 5 June 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
^Dandy, J.E. (1969), Watsonian vice-counties of Great Britain, vol. Publication no. 146, Ray Society, London
^Duff, A.G., ed. (2008), Checklist of Beetles of the British Isles, retrieved 10 August 2011
^Stace, Clive (2010), New Flora of the British Isles (3rd ed.), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, ISBN978-0-521-70772-5, inside back cover
^Baroni Urbani, C. & Collingwood, C.A. (1976), "A numerical analysis of the distribution of British Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata)" (PDF), Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 85: 51–91
^ abBrowse Watsonian Vice County, National Biodiversity Network, 2011, retrieved 10 August 2011
^ abMerritt, R.; Moore, N.W. & Eversham, B.C. (1996), Atlas of the dragonflies of Britain and Ireland : ITE research publication no. 9(PDF), London: HMSO, ISBN978-0-11-701561-6, retrieved 10 August 2011
^Webb, D. A. (1980). "The Biological Vice-Counties of Ireland". Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section B. 80B: 179–196. ISSN 0035-8983. JSTOR 20494359.
External links
Vice-county map from the British Bryological Society
OS grid reference to vice-county conversion utility
Digital download page for Watsonian Vice-County Boundaries
NBN Metadata on Watsonian Vice-county digitisation
BSBI Vice-County Census Catalogue
January 05, 2023
vice, county, vice, county, vice, county, biological, vice, county, geographical, division, british, isles, used, purposes, biological, recording, other, scientific, data, gathering, sometimes, called, watsonian, vice, county, vice, counties, were, introduced,. A vice county vice county or biological vice county 1 is a geographical division of the British Isles used for the purposes of biological recording and other scientific data gathering It is sometimes called a Watsonian vice county as vice counties were introduced for Great Britain its offshore islands and the Isle of Man by Hewett Cottrell Watson who first used them in the third volume of his Cybele Britannica published in 1852 2 Watson s vice counties were based on the ancient counties of Britain but often subdividing these boundaries to create smaller more uniform units and considering exclaves to be part of the surrounding vice county Vice counties of Great Britain and the Isle of Man Orkney and Shetland not shown Map showing detailed differences between Derbyshire vice county VC57 and the modern administrative county of Derbyshire England In 1901 Robert Lloyd Praeger introduced a similar system for Ireland and its off shore islands 1 2 Vice counties are the standard geographical area for county based recording 3 They provide a stable basis for recording using similarly sized units and although National Grid based reporting has grown in popularity vice counties remain a useful mapping boundary employed in many regional surveys especially county floras and national lists This allows data collected over long periods of time to be compared easily The vice counties remain unchanged by subsequent local government reorganisations allowing historical and modern data to be more accurately compared 4 In 2002 to mark the 150th anniversary of the introduction of the Watsonian vice county system the NBN Trust commissioned the digitisation of the 112 vice county boundaries for England Scotland and Wales based on 420 original one inch to the mile maps annotated by Dandy in 1947 and held at the Natural History Museum London The resulting datafiles were much more detailed than anything readily available to recorders up to that point and were made freely available as a beta version Intended for use with modern GIS and biological recording software a final standard version was released in 2008 5 6 Up until that point county recorders only had general access to a set of two fold out vice county maps covering the entirety of Great Britain published in 1969 7 Contents 1 Vice county systems 2 List of vice counties 2 1 England and Wales 2 2 Isle of Man 2 3 Scotland 2 4 Ireland 3 Vice counties of Ireland listed by county province and jurisdiction 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksVice county systems EditThe vice county system was first introduced by Hewett Cottrell Watson in the third volume of his Cybele Britannica published in 1852 He refined the system in later volumes The geographical area that Watson called Britain consisted of the island of Great Britain with all of its offshore islands plus the Isle of Man but excluding the Channel Islands This area was divided into 112 vice counties with larger counties divided for example Devon into the vice counties of North Devon and South Devon and Yorkshire into five vice counties Each of these 112 vice counties has a name and a number Thus Vice county 38 often abbreviated to VC38 is called Warwickshire 2 In 1901 Robert Lloyd Praeger extended the system of vice counties to Ireland and its off shore islands based on an earlier suggestion by C C Babington in 1859 The Irish vice counties were based on the historic 32 counties of Ireland with the six largest being sub divided for example the county of Cork was divided into three vice counties This produced a total of 40 vice counties for Ireland which were numbered from H1 to H40 H for Hibernia As with the 112 vice counties of Britain each vice county has a name as well as a number Thus Vice county or VC H3 is West Cork 1 2 Combining these two systems produces a 152 vice county system The exclusion of the Channel Islands from Watson s system for Britain has led to variations between different recording schemes The geographical area covered by the 152 vice counties may be described as the British Isles as in the 2008 Checklist of Beetles of the British Isles 8 Other recording schemes regard the British Isles as including the Channel Islands As they are not part of the 152 vice county system the Channel Islands may be added as an extra vice county making 153 in total being indicated by letter codes such as C 3 or CI 9 Less usually each of the five separate islands may be treated as a vice county giving 157 vice counties in total 10 Alternative counts of vice counties used in different recording schemes are shown in the table below Alternative counts of vice counties Count Originator Descriptions112 Watson Great Britain including the Isle of Man 40 Praeger Ireland0 1 or 5 Channel Islands Jersey Guernsey Alderney Sark and Herm 152 153 or 157 British Isles Great Britain and IrelandThe vice counties of Britain alone may be described as Watsonian vice counties 11 or this term may be used for the combined vice counties of Britain and Ireland 3 which may also be described as Watson Praeger vice counties 12 In all cases the Channel Islands may be excluded 11 or included 12 so that the count of vice counties varies as noted in the table above List of vice counties EditEngland and Wales Edit VC Vice countyVC1 West Cornwall with ScillyVC2 East CornwallVC3 South DevonVC4 North DevonVC5 South SomersetVC6 North SomersetVC7 North WiltshireVC8 South WiltshireVC9 DorsetVC10 Isle of WightVC11 South HampshireVC12 North HampshireVC13 West SussexVC14 East SussexVC15 East KentVC16 West KentVC17 SurreyVC18 South EssexVC19 North EssexVC20 HertfordshireVC21 MiddlesexVC22 BerkshireVC23 OxfordshireVC24 BuckinghamshireVC25 East SuffolkVC26 West SuffolkVC27 East NorfolkVC28 West NorfolkVC29 CambridgeshireVC30 BedfordshireVC31 HuntingdonshireVC32 NorthamptonshireVC33 East GloucestershireVC34 West GloucestershireVC35 MonmouthshireVC36 HerefordshireVC37 WorcestershireVC38 WarwickshireVC39 StaffordshireVC40 ShropshireVC41 GlamorganshireVC42 BreconshireVC43 RadnorshireVC44 CarmarthenshireVC45 PembrokeshireVC46 CardiganshireVC47 MontgomeryshireVC48 MerionethshireVC49 CaernarvonshireVC50 DenbighshireVC51 FlintshireVC52 AngleseyVC53 South LincolnshireVC54 North LincolnshireVC55 Leicestershire with RutlandVC56 NottinghamshireVC57 DerbyshireVC58 CheshireVC59 South LancashireVC60 West LancashireVC61 South east YorkshireVC62 North east YorkshireVC63 South west YorkshireVC64 Mid west YorkshireVC65 North west YorkshireVC66 County DurhamVC67 South NorthumberlandVC68 North NorthumberlandVC69 Westmorland with FurnessVC70 Cumberland Isle of Man Edit VC Vice countyVC71 Isle of Man Scotland Edit VC Vice countyVC72 DumfriesshireVC73 KirkcudbrightshireVC74 WigtownshireVC75 AyrshireVC76 RenfrewshireVC77 LanarkshireVC78 PeeblesshireVC79 SelkirkshireVC80 RoxburghshireVC81 BerwickshireVC82 East LothianVC83 MidlothianVC84 West LothianVC85 FifeshireVC86 StirlingshireVC87 West PerthshireVC88 Mid PerthshireVC89 East PerthshireVC90 AngusVC91 KincardineshireVC92 South AberdeenshireVC93 North AberdeenshireVC94 BanffshireVC95 MorayVC96 East Inverness shireVC97 West Inverness shireVC98 ArgyllshireVC99 DunbartonshireVC100 Clyde IslesVC101 KintyreVC102 South EbudesVC103 Mid EbudesVC104 North EbudesVC105 West Ross amp CromartyVC106 East Ross amp CromartyVC107 East SutherlandVC108 West SutherlandVC109 CaithnessVC110 Outer HebridesVC111 OrkneyVC112 Shetland Ireland Edit VC Vice countyH1 South KerryH2 North KerryH3 West CorkH4 Mid CorkH5 East CorkH6 WaterfordH7 South TipperaryH8 LimerickH9 ClareH10 North TipperaryH11 KilkennyH12 WexfordH13 CarlowH14 LaoisH15 South east GalwayH16 West GalwayH17 North east GalwayH18 OffalyH19 KildareH20 WicklowH21 DublinH22 MeathH23 WestmeathH24 LongfordH25 RoscommonH26 East MayoH27 West MayoH28 SligoH29 LeitrimH30 CavanH31 LouthH32 MonaghanH33 FermanaghH34 East DonegalH35 West DonegalH36 TyroneH37 ArmaghH38 DownH39 AntrimH40 LondonderryVice counties of Ireland listed by county province and jurisdiction EditPraeger s fieldwork mostly predates and ignores the county boundary changes made in 1899 under the Local Government Ireland Act 1898 Divergences from the pre 1899 boundaries are noted below Vice counties of Ireland 13 VC Vice county County Province JurisdictionH1 South Kerry Kerry Munster Republic of IrelandH2 North Kerry Kerry Munster Republic of IrelandH3 West Cork Cork Munster Republic of IrelandH4 Mid Cork Cork Munster Republic of IrelandH5 East Cork Cork Munster Republic of IrelandH6 Waterford Waterford n 1 Munster Republic of IrelandH7 South Tipperary n 2 Tipperary Munster Republic of IrelandH8 Limerick Limerick n 3 Munster Republic of IrelandH9 Clare Clare n 3 n 4 n 5 Munster n 4 n 5 Republic of IrelandH10 North Tipperary n 2 Tipperary Munster Republic of IrelandH11 Kilkenny Kilkenny n 1 Leinster n 1 Republic of IrelandH12 Wexford Wexford Leinster Republic of IrelandH13 Carlow Carlow Leinster Republic of IrelandH14 Queen s County Laois Leinster Republic of IrelandH15 South east Galway Galway n 5 Connacht n 5 Republic of IrelandH16 West Galway Galway n 4 n 6 Connacht Republic of IrelandH17 North east Galway Galway Connacht Republic of IrelandH18 King s County Offaly Leinster Republic of IrelandH19 Kildare Kildare Leinster Republic of IrelandH20 Wicklow Wicklow Leinster Republic of IrelandH21 Dublin Dublin Leinster Republic of IrelandH22 Meath Meath Leinster Republic of IrelandH23 Westmeath Westmeath Leinster Republic of IrelandH24 Longford Longford Leinster Republic of IrelandH25 Roscommon Roscommon Connacht Republic of IrelandH26 East Mayo Mayo Connacht Republic of IrelandH27 West Mayo Mayo n 6 Connacht Republic of IrelandH28 Sligo Sligo Connacht Republic of IrelandH29 Leitrim Leitrim Connacht Republic of IrelandH30 Cavan Cavan Ulster Republic of IrelandH31 Louth Louth Leinster Republic of IrelandH32 Monaghan Monaghan Ulster Republic of IrelandH33 Fermanagh Fermanagh Ulster Northern IrelandH34 East Donegal Donegal n 7 Ulster Republic of Ireland n 7 H35 West Donegal Donegal Ulster Republic of IrelandH36 Tyrone Tyrone Ulster Northern IrelandH37 Armagh Armagh Ulster Northern IrelandH38 Down Down Ulster Northern IrelandH39 Antrim Antrim Ulster Northern IrelandH40 Londonderry Londonderry n 7 Ulster Northern Ireland a b c County Waterford Munster north of the River Suir i e Kilculliheen is in Kilkenny vice county Leinster a b The North and South Tipperary vice counties are divided by the Dublin Cork railway line and do not correspond to the county s North and South ridings a b County Limerick north west of the River Shannon i e the North Liberties is in Clare vice county a b c The Aran Islands County Galway Connacht are in Clare vice county Munster a b c d The only 1899 transfer accepted by Praeger is the land east of Lough Derg transferred from Galway Connacht to Clare Munster a b Praeger s 1933 map inconsistently includes in West Mayo an area transferred from Galway to Mayo under the 1898 act his 1901 map has it in West Galway a b c The area of County Londonderry Northern Ireland west of the River Foyle is in East Donegal vice county Republic of Ireland See also EditSubdivisions of England Subdivisions of Scotland Subdivisions of Wales Subdivisions of Northern Ireland Counties of IrelandNotes EditReferences Edit a b c Webb D A 1980 The Biological Vice Counties of Ireland Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 80B 179 196 JSTOR 20494359 a b c d Vincent Peter J 1990 Recording species distributions A Biogeography of the British Isles an Introduction Routledge pp 48 73 ISBN 978 0 415 03471 5 a b c Vice county map of Britain and Ireland British Bryological Society retrieved 31 May 2016 Stace C A Ellis R G Kent D H amp McCosh D J 2003 Vice county Census Catalogue of The Vascular Plants of Great Britain London Botanical Society of the British Isles ISBN 0 901158 30 5 Sharing Information about Wildlife Useful Things National Biodiversity Network archived from the original on 4 March 2016 retrieved 8 April 2021 Watsonian vice county boundaries GIS layers GitHub 5 June 2019 Retrieved 8 April 2021 Dandy J E 1969 Watsonian vice counties of Great Britain vol Publication no 146 Ray Society London Duff A G ed 2008 Checklist of Beetles of the British Isles retrieved 10 August 2011 Stace Clive 2010 New Flora of the British Isles 3rd ed Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 70772 5 inside back cover Baroni Urbani C amp Collingwood C A 1976 A numerical analysis of the distribution of British Formicidae Hymenoptera Aculeata PDF Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 85 51 91 a b Browse Watsonian Vice County National Biodiversity Network 2011 retrieved 10 August 2011 a b Merritt R Moore N W amp Eversham B C 1996 Atlas of the dragonflies of Britain and Ireland ITE research publication no 9 PDF London HMSO ISBN 978 0 11 701561 6 retrieved 10 August 2011 Webb D A 1980 The Biological Vice Counties of Ireland Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section B 80B 179 196 ISSN 0035 8983 JSTOR 20494359 External links EditVice county map from the British Bryological Society OS grid reference to vice county conversion utility Digital download page for Watsonian Vice County Boundaries NBN Metadata on Watsonian Vice county digitisation BSBI Vice County Census Catalogue Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vice county amp oldid 1090771870, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,