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Walter Sykes George

December 18, 2023

Walter Sykes George CBE, FRIBA, ARCA, FIIA, FIFA (1881–1962) was an English architect active in India during the first half of the 20th century, most known for being part of the team of architects who designed New Delhi, the new capital of India, from 1911-1931.[1]

Walter Sykes George
Born1881
Died7 January 1962
Delhi
Alma materRoyal College of Art
OccupationArchitect

Early life and education edit

George's family were Wesleyan Methodists and his father was the architect Sir Ernest George.[2] He was raised in East Anglia and Manchester, where he worked in the family's architectural practice. He joined the School of Art in Ashton-under-Lyne to study architecture in 1894 and the School of Art in Manchester in 1899 where he continued his studies. Later, he studied under A. Beresford Pite and W. R. Lethaby at the Royal College of Art, London.[3]

Early career edit

He practiced in London from 1901 and was awarded the Soane Medallion by the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1906.[4][3] From 1906 to 1915 he worked with the British School at Athens and joined several excavations in Macedonia and Constantinople researching Byzantine monuments. He undertook extensive drawings of the Hagios Demetrios in Thessaloniki which became invaluable as the only extant drawings of the church when it burned down in the Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917.[3] His documentation of the Hagia Eirene resulted in the 1913 monograph, The Church of St Eirene at Constantinople.[5]

In India edit

 
Regal Theatre, New Delhi
 
Bahawalpur House
 
St. Stephen's College
 
St. Stephen's College Chapel
 
The Ambassador Hotel as seen from the Khan Market Metro Station

George moved to India in 1915 in order to work with Herbert Baker on the proposed new city of New Delhi. He served as a trooper in the Punjab Light Horse of the Indian Defence Force while working on the Imperial Delhi Secretariat.[6] In 1923 he began to practice privately.[7] George along with William Robert Mustoe, the Director of Horticulture, landscaped and planted the Mughal Gardens of the Viceroy's House.[8][9] George also designed several bungalows in the Lutyens Bungalow Zone.[10] The Council Chamber in Shimla that now houses the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh was designed by him and inaugurated by the Viceroy, Lord Reading in 1925.[11][12] It has been described as "the only decent building in Simla" and one that "did much to redeem the PWD's work" in the summer capital of the British Raj in India.[13][14] George also undertook projects for several princely states building the Jind, Mandi, Bahawalpur and Kashmir Houses in Delhi. Of these, the Kashmir House was designed along with Edwin Lutyens and was completed in 1929. In both Mandi House, completed in 1933. and Bahawalpur House, completed in 1939, George reproduced the Buddhist dome found on the Viceroy's House and featured Italianate loggias and columns. The Mandi and Jind houses have since been demolished whereas the Scindia House on Connaught Circus which was designed for the Maharaja of Gwalior today houses several tour operators' offices.[15][16][17][18]

In 1932 the Regal Cinema, designed by George and built by Sir Sobha Singh on Connaught Place, opened and was Delhi's first cinema hall.[19][20] A three-storeyed building modelled in the manner of a Palladian villa, it fuses Georgian and Mughal architectural features and has an overall concrete finish with its name cut out of the cornice.[21][22][23] The Lady Irwin College, inaugurated in 1932, was also designed by him. A single storeyed building along a rectangular plan, with vaulted ceilings in the corridors, it is built of exposed brick and has a semi-circular arched gateway entrance and a rectangular tower over its central porch.[24] The St. Thomas Church at Paharganj was built in 1933 for Indian converts to Christianity.[25] A brick structure plinthed on a base of Delhi quartzite stone, the building does not use steel or reinforced concrete but lime mortar.[26] The buttresses to the building were added subsequently in 1943.[27] A 61 feet tall tower accessed through a winding staircase tops the church which has a vaulted arch roof and is entered through a Roman style entrance portal.[27] The building has however required substantial remedial measures in subsequent decades as it used no steel or concrete in its construction and was unwittingly founded atop a graveyard, the collapse of which led to damage to the structure.[27] Work on St. Stephen's College began in 1939 and was completed in 1941. The College and its residential blocks have a composite design in which the main building links to the residential buildings with open courts and lawns between them.[28] The buildings are of unadorned red brick with a stone base of Delhi quartzite.[29][30] The roofline is interspersed with chhatris whereas the colonnades and broad verandas are adaptations made for Delhi's climate. The central tower of the building resembles that of the Cambridge University Library built by George Gilbert Scott.[31] George also designed the College Chapel built in 1952.[32]

In 1942, George and his associates established the Department of Architecture as part of the Delhi Polytechnic in Kashmere Gate.[33][34] It was the first school for architects to be established in North India.[35] Sujan Singh Park, the first residential apartment complex in New Delhi, was built during 1939-45.[36] Designed in the neoclassical style it is noted for its "semi-circular arches and high Mughal inspired-archways, Art Deco facades and exposed brick masonry".[37] The complex consists of seven four-storeyed apartment blocks housing eighty-four individual one- and two-bedroom apartments with each block surrounding a park - a design that deeply influenced the later work of Habib Rahman and became the model for several housing projects in Delhi undertaken by the Delhi Development Authority.[38][39][40] Dormitories built to accommodate construction workers building the complex were subsequently converted into one room units and form a sprawling servants’ quarters spread across 12 blocks and house thrice as many people as the apartment complex itself.[41] The nearby Ambassador Hotel, now a part of the Taj group of hotels, built in 1945 was designed by George and was meant to house British officers serving in India without their families and who could therefore share common living rooms and kitchens.[42][43][41] This landmark building has elements of colonial and Art Deco styles of architecture and is one of the earliest hotels to be established in New Delhi.[44] The residential neighbourhood of Lodhi Colony was another major project completed in the 1940s by George.[45] Meant to house government employees, the colony is renowned for its pedestrian friendly design with ample open spaces and broad sidewalks.[46] Each apartment complex is walled off and has large repetitive arches in them leading to the residential quarters.[47] Its unique design with the large walls and arches made it popular with street artists and was inaugurated as the first art district of India.[48][45]

In Independent India edit

 
Arts Faculty building, Delhi University
 
Miranda House College

After India's independence, George was the only architect of the group that had worked with Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker towards establishing New Delhi who chose to stay back in the country.[49] In 1948, Miranda House was founded as a residential women's college of the Delhi University as was the Arts Faculty Building of the Delhi University, both designed by George, and the foundation stones for both of which were laid on the same day by Lord Mountbatten.[50][51][52] He was founding member of the Institute of Town Planners, India and twice served as the president of the Indian Institute of Architects.[13][53] The Tuberculosis Association Building, completed in 1952, marked an evolution in George's architectural practice. Its use of adjustable light-weight horizontal sun-breakers in place of the arched and colonnaded verandas of his earlier buildings represents the adaptation of the International Style of architecture whereas the materials used draw from the Anglo-Indian architecture of the preceding decades.[54][55][56]

George was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Birthday Honours of 1960.[57]

Walter Sykes George died in Delhi on 7 January 1962.[58]

Style and legacy edit

Walter George's work marked Indian architecture's move towards modernism. George himself maintained that his architectural style represented nothing but "pure form, as dictated by the material".[59] His buildings with their use of exposed red bricks were innovative and a shift away from the pink sandstone used extensively in Lutyens' Delhi and was low-cost in comparison to the buildings of Lutyens and Baker.[60][61]

References edit

  1. ^ . Hindustan Times. 9 June 2011. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Richard Butler, 'The Anglo-Indian architect Walter Sykes George (1881-1962): a Modernist follower of Lutyens', Architectural History, vol. 55 (2012), pp. 237-68
  2. ^ Cormack, Robin (2008). "Rediscovering the Christ Pantocrator at Daphni". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 71: 64. doi:10.1086/JWCI20462776. ISSN 0075-4390. JSTOR 20462776. S2CID 190079911.
  3. ^ a b c Kakissis, Amalia G. (2009). "The Byzantine Research Fund Archive: encounters of Arts and Crafts architects in Byzantium". British School at Athens Studies. 17: 125–144. ISSN 2159-4996. JSTOR 40960678.
  4. ^ The Architectural Review. EMAP Publishing Limited. 1906. p. 88. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  5. ^ Walter Sykes George (1881-1962) artfact.com.
  6. ^ "War Service of Students of the School, 1914-1919" (PDF). The Annual of the British School at Athens: xi. 1918–1919. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  7. ^ Davies, Philip (2003). "George, Walter Sykes". Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t031411. ISBN 9781884446054. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  8. ^ Jalil, Rakhshanda (10 December 2011). "Landmark - Delhi redefined". The Hindu. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  9. ^ "Who was adhi dilli ka malik and was paid Rs 16 for a job well done?". The Indian Express. 30 December 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  10. ^ "Lutyens' Delhi". Outlook India. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  11. ^ "The Tribune - Windows - Featured story". www.tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  12. ^ "Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly - Historical Background". Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  13. ^ a b Stamp, Gavin (1981). "British Architecture in India 1857-1947". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 129 (5298): 357–379. ISSN 0035-9114. JSTOR 41373304.
  14. ^ Singh, Khushwant (3 January 2011). Sahibs Who Loved India. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-93-5118-789-9. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  15. ^ Temple, Nicholas; Piotrowski, Andrzej; Heredia, Juan Manuel (November 2019). The Routledge Handbook on the Reception of Classical Architecture. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 263. ISBN 978-1-315-17110-4. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  16. ^ "The Architecture of Walter George". The Lutyens Trust. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  17. ^ Gupta, Narayani (6 May 2016). "Of Icons and Iconoclasts: Saving Delhi's Modern Heritage". The Wire. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  18. ^ "Report On The Administration Of Bahawalpur State For The Year 1942 1943". 1944. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  19. ^ "Delhi's Regal Cinema: Screen goes dark after Raj Kapoor's 'Sangam'". National Herald. 30 March 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  20. ^ "Old theatres make way to grand multiplexes". Rediff. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  21. ^ "Premier theatre to a run-down establishment – Looking back at Delhi's once-famous Regal Cinema". The Indian Express. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  22. ^ ALLANA, RAHAAB (2013). "CINEMA CITY: The Photographs of Shahid Datawala". India International Centre Quarterly. 40 (1): 148–154. ISSN 0376-9771. JSTOR 24393299.
  23. ^ Salam, Ziya Us (30 March 2017). "End of an era". The Hindu. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  24. ^ "Built Heritage/Site Detail: Lady Irwin College". nmma.nic.in. NMMA. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  25. ^ "A Dream Destination - Delhi: Faith" (PDF). Delhi Tourism. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  26. ^ Rahman, Md. Najibur (2006). Colonial Architecture in Metropolitan India: Imperial Power and State Architecture in The Town of Delhi (PDF). Aligarh: Centre of Advanced Study, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University. pp. 72–73. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  27. ^ a b c Sharma, Devendra (1 June 1988). "Foundation Failure of the St. Thomas Church, New Delhi". International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering: 1365–1369. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  28. ^ "RESIDENCE – St. Stephen's College, Delhi". Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  29. ^ Lang, Jon T. (2002). A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India. Orient Blackswan. p. 11. ISBN 978-81-7824-017-6. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  30. ^ "Prospectus 2018-19" (PDF). St Stephen's College. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  31. ^ "The Lutyens Trust New Delhi Exhibition and Study Tour - October 2007". The Lutyens Trust. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  32. ^ "College Brochure (2020-2021)" (PDF). St. Stephen's College. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  33. ^ "70 years after its creation, an institution remains at the forefront of nation building". The Indian Express. 3 February 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  34. ^ Sengupta, Tania. "82. Indian Subcontinent, 1750–1947" (PDF). Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  35. ^ "Walter Sykes George Collection". digilib.iicdelhi.in. India International Centre. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  36. ^ Glendinning, Miles (25 March 2021). Mass Housing: Modern Architecture and State Power – a Global History. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 457. ISBN 978-1-4742-2929-6. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  37. ^ "Brick by Brick". The Indian Express. 16 January 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  38. ^ "Making history with brick and mortar - Hindustan Times". archive.ph. 5 December 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  39. ^ "Habib Rahman - Articles – bauhaus imaginista". www.bauhaus-imaginista.org. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  40. ^ Kapur, Manavi (29 March 2014). "Legacy on rent". Business Standard India. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  41. ^ a b Soofi, Mayank Austen (17 October 2015). "The Sujan Singh Park you don't know". mint. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  42. ^ "Khan Market world's 28th costliest location; slips 2 positions". Deccan Herald. 23 November 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  43. ^ "'Lodged' in the heart of New Delhi". Hindustan Times. 30 August 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  44. ^ "A fine balance of luxury and care". Hindustan Times. 21 July 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  45. ^ a b "Lodhi Art District". @GI_weltweit. Goethe-Institut / Max Mueller Bhavan New Delhi. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  46. ^ Venkataraman, Janane (27 April 2019). "How Delhi's Lodhi Colony became India's first public art district". The Hindu. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  47. ^ Bhatnagar, Amogh (7 December 2021). "The Arches in Delhi's Lodhi Colony". Paper Planes. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  48. ^ Kalra, Vandana (3 July 2022). "How artwork gave Lodhi Colony fresh lease of life". The Indian Express. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  49. ^ Butler, Richard (2012). "The Anglo-Indian Architect Walter Sykes George (1881–1962): a Modernist Follower of Lutyens". Architectural History. 55: 237–268. doi:10.1017/S0066622X00000113. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  50. ^ "Faculty of Arts". nmma.nic.in. National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  51. ^ Down Memory Lane: The Platinum Year, 1922-1997. University of Delhi. 2000. p. 34. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
  52. ^ "Best Science colleges of India 2011". Rediff. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  53. ^ "Institute of Town Planners India – Origin". www.itpi.org.in. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  54. ^ Chatterjee, Malay; Cunha, Dilip da; Tiwari, Meenu (1985). "I. 1947 – 1959: Options after Independence, the Evolution of Contemporary Indian Architecture". Architecture In India. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  55. ^ "Modern Heritage: Listing". THINKMATTER. 18 December 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  56. ^ "Post 1947 Developments-Buildings Part1". Architecture of Delhi- By Afshan Adeeb. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  57. ^ "Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood" (PDF). Supplement to the London Gazette: 3993. 11 June 1960. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  58. ^ Architects, Royal Institute of British (1962). "Obituaries". RIBA Journal. Royal Institute of British Architects. 69: 102. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  59. ^ Borngässer, Barbara; Klein, Bruno (17 February 2022). Global Gothic: Gothic Church Buildings in the 20th and 21st Centuries. Leuven University Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-94-6270-304-9.
  60. ^ Sengupta, Ranjana (1 January 2008). Delhi Metropolitan. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-93-86057-80-8. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  61. ^ Greaves, Sofia; Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew (2022). Rome and the Colonial City: Rethinking the Grid. Oxbow Books. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-78925-782-3. Retrieved 8 August 2022.

External links edit

  • The Lutyens Trust

December 18, 2023
walter, sykes, george, friba, arca, fiia, fifa, 1881, 1962, english, architect, active, india, during, first, half, 20th, century, most, known, being, part, team, architects, designed, delhi, capital, india, from, 1911, 1931, born1881died7, january, 1962delhia. Walter Sykes George CBE FRIBA ARCA FIIA FIFA 1881 1962 was an English architect active in India during the first half of the 20th century most known for being part of the team of architects who designed New Delhi the new capital of India from 1911 1931 1 Walter Sykes GeorgeBorn1881Died7 January 1962DelhiAlma materRoyal College of ArtOccupationArchitect Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Early career 3 In India 3 1 In Independent India 4 Style and legacy 5 References 6 External linksEarly life and education editGeorge s family were Wesleyan Methodists and his father was the architect Sir Ernest George 2 He was raised in East Anglia and Manchester where he worked in the family s architectural practice He joined the School of Art in Ashton under Lyne to study architecture in 1894 and the School of Art in Manchester in 1899 where he continued his studies Later he studied under A Beresford Pite and W R Lethaby at the Royal College of Art London 3 Early career editHe practiced in London from 1901 and was awarded the Soane Medallion by the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1906 4 3 From 1906 to 1915 he worked with the British School at Athens and joined several excavations in Macedonia and Constantinople researching Byzantine monuments He undertook extensive drawings of the Hagios Demetrios in Thessaloniki which became invaluable as the only extant drawings of the church when it burned down in the Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 3 His documentation of the Hagia Eirene resulted in the 1913 monograph The Church of St Eirene at Constantinople 5 In India edit nbsp Regal Theatre New Delhi nbsp Bahawalpur House nbsp St Stephen s College nbsp St Stephen s College Chapel nbsp The Ambassador Hotel as seen from the Khan Market Metro StationGeorge moved to India in 1915 in order to work with Herbert Baker on the proposed new city of New Delhi He served as a trooper in the Punjab Light Horse of the Indian Defence Force while working on the Imperial Delhi Secretariat 6 In 1923 he began to practice privately 7 George along with William Robert Mustoe the Director of Horticulture landscaped and planted the Mughal Gardens of the Viceroy s House 8 9 George also designed several bungalows in the Lutyens Bungalow Zone 10 The Council Chamber in Shimla that now houses the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh was designed by him and inaugurated by the Viceroy Lord Reading in 1925 11 12 It has been described as the only decent building in Simla and one that did much to redeem the PWD s work in the summer capital of the British Raj in India 13 14 George also undertook projects for several princely states building the Jind Mandi Bahawalpur and Kashmir Houses in Delhi Of these the Kashmir House was designed along with Edwin Lutyens and was completed in 1929 In both Mandi House completed in 1933 and Bahawalpur House completed in 1939 George reproduced the Buddhist dome found on the Viceroy s House and featured Italianate loggias and columns The Mandi and Jind houses have since been demolished whereas the Scindia House on Connaught Circus which was designed for the Maharaja of Gwalior today houses several tour operators offices 15 16 17 18 In 1932 the Regal Cinema designed by George and built by Sir Sobha Singh on Connaught Place opened and was Delhi s first cinema hall 19 20 A three storeyed building modelled in the manner of a Palladian villa it fuses Georgian and Mughal architectural features and has an overall concrete finish with its name cut out of the cornice 21 22 23 The Lady Irwin College inaugurated in 1932 was also designed by him A single storeyed building along a rectangular plan with vaulted ceilings in the corridors it is built of exposed brick and has a semi circular arched gateway entrance and a rectangular tower over its central porch 24 The St Thomas Church at Paharganj was built in 1933 for Indian converts to Christianity 25 A brick structure plinthed on a base of Delhi quartzite stone the building does not use steel or reinforced concrete but lime mortar 26 The buttresses to the building were added subsequently in 1943 27 A 61 feet tall tower accessed through a winding staircase tops the church which has a vaulted arch roof and is entered through a Roman style entrance portal 27 The building has however required substantial remedial measures in subsequent decades as it used no steel or concrete in its construction and was unwittingly founded atop a graveyard the collapse of which led to damage to the structure 27 Work on St Stephen s College began in 1939 and was completed in 1941 The College and its residential blocks have a composite design in which the main building links to the residential buildings with open courts and lawns between them 28 The buildings are of unadorned red brick with a stone base of Delhi quartzite 29 30 The roofline is interspersed with chhatris whereas the colonnades and broad verandas are adaptations made for Delhi s climate The central tower of the building resembles that of the Cambridge University Library built by George Gilbert Scott 31 George also designed the College Chapel built in 1952 32 In 1942 George and his associates established the Department of Architecture as part of the Delhi Polytechnic in Kashmere Gate 33 34 It was the first school for architects to be established in North India 35 Sujan Singh Park the first residential apartment complex in New Delhi was built during 1939 45 36 Designed in the neoclassical style it is noted for its semi circular arches and high Mughal inspired archways Art Deco facades and exposed brick masonry 37 The complex consists of seven four storeyed apartment blocks housing eighty four individual one and two bedroom apartments with each block surrounding a park a design that deeply influenced the later work of Habib Rahman and became the model for several housing projects in Delhi undertaken by the Delhi Development Authority 38 39 40 Dormitories built to accommodate construction workers building the complex were subsequently converted into one room units and form a sprawling servants quarters spread across 12 blocks and house thrice as many people as the apartment complex itself 41 The nearby Ambassador Hotel now a part of the Taj group of hotels built in 1945 was designed by George and was meant to house British officers serving in India without their families and who could therefore share common living rooms and kitchens 42 43 41 This landmark building has elements of colonial and Art Deco styles of architecture and is one of the earliest hotels to be established in New Delhi 44 The residential neighbourhood of Lodhi Colony was another major project completed in the 1940s by George 45 Meant to house government employees the colony is renowned for its pedestrian friendly design with ample open spaces and broad sidewalks 46 Each apartment complex is walled off and has large repetitive arches in them leading to the residential quarters 47 Its unique design with the large walls and arches made it popular with street artists and was inaugurated as the first art district of India 48 45 In Independent India edit nbsp Arts Faculty building Delhi University nbsp Miranda House CollegeAfter India s independence George was the only architect of the group that had worked with Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker towards establishing New Delhi who chose to stay back in the country 49 In 1948 Miranda House was founded as a residential women s college of the Delhi University as was the Arts Faculty Building of the Delhi University both designed by George and the foundation stones for both of which were laid on the same day by Lord Mountbatten 50 51 52 He was founding member of the Institute of Town Planners India and twice served as the president of the Indian Institute of Architects 13 53 The Tuberculosis Association Building completed in 1952 marked an evolution in George s architectural practice Its use of adjustable light weight horizontal sun breakers in place of the arched and colonnaded verandas of his earlier buildings represents the adaptation of the International Style of architecture whereas the materials used draw from the Anglo Indian architecture of the preceding decades 54 55 56 George was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Birthday Honours of 1960 57 Walter Sykes George died in Delhi on 7 January 1962 58 Style and legacy editWalter George s work marked Indian architecture s move towards modernism George himself maintained that his architectural style represented nothing but pure form as dictated by the material 59 His buildings with their use of exposed red bricks were innovative and a shift away from the pink sandstone used extensively in Lutyens Delhi and was low cost in comparison to the buildings of Lutyens and Baker 60 61 References edit A garden in the centre of New Delhi Hindustan Times 9 June 2011 Archived from the original on 22 October 2012 Richard Butler The Anglo Indian architect Walter Sykes George 1881 1962 a Modernist follower of Lutyens Architectural History vol 55 2012 pp 237 68 Cormack Robin 2008 Rediscovering the Christ Pantocrator at Daphni Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 71 64 doi 10 1086 JWCI20462776 ISSN 0075 4390 JSTOR 20462776 S2CID 190079911 a b c Kakissis Amalia G 2009 The Byzantine Research Fund Archive encounters of Arts and Crafts architects in Byzantium British School at Athens Studies 17 125 144 ISSN 2159 4996 JSTOR 40960678 The Architectural Review EMAP Publishing Limited 1906 p 88 Retrieved 8 August 2022 Walter Sykes George 1881 1962 artfact com War Service of Students of the School 1914 1919 PDF The Annual of the British School at Athens xi 1918 1919 Retrieved 25 June 2022 Davies Philip 2003 George Walter Sykes Oxford Art Online Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 gao 9781884446054 article t031411 ISBN 9781884446054 Retrieved 25 June 2022 Jalil Rakhshanda 10 December 2011 Landmark Delhi redefined The Hindu Retrieved 25 June 2022 Who was adhi dilli ka malik and was paid Rs 16 for a job well done The Indian Express 30 December 2021 Retrieved 25 June 2022 Lutyens Delhi Outlook India 3 February 2022 Retrieved 25 June 2022 The Tribune Windows Featured story www tribuneindia com Retrieved 25 June 2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly Historical Background Retrieved 25 June 2022 a b Stamp Gavin 1981 British Architecture in India 1857 1947 Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 129 5298 357 379 ISSN 0035 9114 JSTOR 41373304 Singh Khushwant 3 January 2011 Sahibs Who Loved India Penguin UK ISBN 978 93 5118 789 9 Retrieved 25 June 2022 Temple Nicholas Piotrowski Andrzej Heredia Juan Manuel November 2019 The Routledge Handbook on the Reception of Classical Architecture Taylor amp Francis Group p 263 ISBN 978 1 315 17110 4 Retrieved 7 August 2022 The Architecture of Walter George The Lutyens Trust Retrieved 7 August 2022 Gupta Narayani 6 May 2016 Of Icons and Iconoclasts Saving Delhi s Modern Heritage The Wire Retrieved 7 August 2022 Report On The Administration Of Bahawalpur State For The Year 1942 1943 1944 Retrieved 7 August 2022 Delhi s Regal Cinema Screen goes dark after Raj Kapoor s Sangam National Herald 30 March 2017 Retrieved 25 June 2022 Old theatres make way to grand multiplexes Rediff Retrieved 25 June 2022 Premier theatre to a run down establishment Looking back at Delhi s once famous Regal Cinema The Indian Express 31 March 2022 Retrieved 25 June 2022 ALLANA RAHAAB 2013 CINEMA CITY The Photographs of Shahid Datawala India International Centre Quarterly 40 1 148 154 ISSN 0376 9771 JSTOR 24393299 Salam Ziya Us 30 March 2017 End of an era The Hindu Retrieved 25 June 2022 Built Heritage Site Detail Lady Irwin College nmma nic in NMMA Retrieved 25 June 2022 A Dream Destination Delhi Faith PDF Delhi Tourism Retrieved 11 July 2022 Rahman Md Najibur 2006 Colonial Architecture in Metropolitan India Imperial Power and State Architecture in The Town of Delhi PDF Aligarh Centre of Advanced Study Department of History Aligarh Muslim University pp 72 73 Retrieved 11 July 2022 a b c Sharma Devendra 1 June 1988 Foundation Failure of the St Thomas Church New Delhi International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering 1365 1369 Retrieved 11 July 2022 RESIDENCE St Stephen s College Delhi Retrieved 25 June 2022 Lang Jon T 2002 A Concise History of Modern Architecture in India Orient Blackswan p 11 ISBN 978 81 7824 017 6 Retrieved 25 June 2022 Prospectus 2018 19 PDF St Stephen s College Retrieved 25 June 2022 The Lutyens Trust New Delhi Exhibition and Study Tour October 2007 The Lutyens Trust Retrieved 27 June 2022 College Brochure 2020 2021 PDF St Stephen s College Retrieved 25 June 2022 70 years after its creation an institution remains at the forefront of nation building The Indian Express 3 February 2019 Retrieved 27 June 2022 Sengupta Tania 82 Indian Subcontinent 1750 1947 PDF Retrieved 27 June 2022 Walter Sykes George Collection digilib iicdelhi in India International Centre Retrieved 27 June 2022 Glendinning Miles 25 March 2021 Mass Housing Modern Architecture and State Power a Global History Bloomsbury Publishing p 457 ISBN 978 1 4742 2929 6 Retrieved 29 June 2022 Brick by Brick The Indian Express 16 January 2020 Retrieved 25 June 2022 Making history with brick and mortar Hindustan Times archive ph 5 December 2012 Retrieved 25 June 2022 Habib Rahman Articles bauhaus imaginista www bauhaus imaginista org Retrieved 27 June 2022 Kapur Manavi 29 March 2014 Legacy on rent Business Standard India Retrieved 29 June 2022 a b Soofi Mayank Austen 17 October 2015 The Sujan Singh Park you don t know mint Retrieved 29 June 2022 Khan Market world s 28th costliest location slips 2 positions Deccan Herald 23 November 2016 Retrieved 25 June 2022 Lodged in the heart of New Delhi Hindustan Times 30 August 2011 Retrieved 25 June 2022 A fine balance of luxury and care Hindustan Times 21 July 2011 Retrieved 27 June 2022 a b Lodhi Art District GI weltweit Goethe Institut Max Mueller Bhavan New Delhi Retrieved 10 July 2022 Venkataraman Janane 27 April 2019 How Delhi s Lodhi Colony became India s first public art district The Hindu Retrieved 10 July 2022 Bhatnagar Amogh 7 December 2021 The Arches in Delhi s Lodhi Colony Paper Planes Retrieved 10 July 2022 Kalra Vandana 3 July 2022 How artwork gave Lodhi Colony fresh lease of life The Indian Express Retrieved 10 July 2022 Butler Richard 2012 The Anglo Indian Architect Walter Sykes George 1881 1962 a Modernist Follower of Lutyens Architectural History 55 237 268 doi 10 1017 S0066622X00000113 Retrieved 25 June 2022 Faculty of Arts nmma nic in National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities Retrieved 7 August 2022 Down Memory Lane The Platinum Year 1922 1997 University of Delhi 2000 p 34 Retrieved 7 August 2022 Best Science colleges of India 2011 Rediff Retrieved 25 June 2022 Institute of Town Planners India Origin www itpi org in Retrieved 25 June 2022 Chatterjee Malay Cunha Dilip da Tiwari Meenu 1985 I 1947 1959 Options after Independence the Evolution of Contemporary Indian Architecture Architecture In India Retrieved 30 June 2022 Modern Heritage Listing THINKMATTER 18 December 2018 Retrieved 30 June 2022 Post 1947 Developments Buildings Part1 Architecture of Delhi By Afshan Adeeb Retrieved 30 June 2022 Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood PDF Supplement to the London Gazette 3993 11 June 1960 Retrieved 27 June 2022 Architects Royal Institute of British 1962 Obituaries RIBA Journal Royal Institute of British Architects 69 102 Retrieved 29 June 2022 Borngasser Barbara Klein Bruno 17 February 2022 Global Gothic Gothic Church Buildings in the 20th and 21st Centuries Leuven University Press p 104 ISBN 978 94 6270 304 9 Sengupta Ranjana 1 January 2008 Delhi Metropolitan Penguin UK ISBN 978 93 86057 80 8 Retrieved 8 August 2022 Greaves Sofia Wallace Hadrill Andrew 2022 Rome and the Colonial City Rethinking the Grid Oxbow Books p 384 ISBN 978 1 78925 782 3 Retrieved 8 August 2022 External links editThe Lutyens Trust Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Walter Sykes George amp oldid 1175613407, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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