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Viral disease

January 01, 1970

A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells.[1]

Examples are the common cold, gastroenteritis and pneumonia.[2]

Structural characteristics edit

 
Virions of some of the most common human viruses with their relative size. Nucleic acids are not to scale. SARS stands as for SARS as for COVID-19, variola viruses for smallpox.

Basic structural characteristics, such as genome type, virion shape and replication site, generally share the same features among virus species within the same family.[citation needed]

Pragmatic rules edit

Human-infecting virus families offer rules that may assist physicians and medical microbiologists/virologists.[citation needed]

As a general rule, DNA viruses replicate within the cell nucleus while RNA viruses replicate within the cytoplasm. Exceptions are known to this rule: poxviruses replicate within the cytoplasm and orthomyxoviruses and hepatitis D virus (RNA viruses) replicate within the nucleus.[citation needed]

Baltimore group edit

This group of analysts defined multiple categories of virus. Groups:[citation needed]

Clinically important virus families and species with characteristics
Family Baltimore group Important species Envelopment
Adenoviridae I[4][5] Adenovirus[4][5] N[4][5]
Herpesviridae I[4][5] Herpes simplex, type 1, Herpes simplex, type 2, Varicella-zoster virus, Epstein–Barr virus, Human cytomegalovirus, Human herpesvirus, type 8[6][7][8] Y[4][5]
Papillomaviridae I[4][9] Human papillomavirus[4][9] N[4][9]
Polyomaviridae I[4][10] BK virus, JC virus[4][10] N[4][10]
Poxviridae I[4][5] Smallpox[4][5] Y[4][5]
Parvoviridae II[4][5] Parvovirus B19[4][5] N[4][5]
Reoviridae III[11] Rotavirus,[11] Orbivirus, Coltivirus, Banna virus N[5]
Astroviridae IV[12] Human astrovirus[5] N[5]
Caliciviridae IV[11] Norwalk virus[5] N[5]
Coronaviridae IV[13] Human coronavirus 229E, Human coronavirus NL63, Human coronavirus OC43, Human coronavirus HKU1, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,[5] Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Y[5]
Flaviviridae IV[4][5][14] Hepatitis C virus,[4] yellow fever virus,[4] dengue virus,[4] West Nile virus,[4] TBE virus,[5] Zika virus Y[4][5]
Hepeviridae IV[15] Hepatitis E virus[5] N[5][15]
Matonaviridae IV[4][5][16] Rubella virus[4][17] Y[4][5]
Picornaviridae IV[18] coxsackievirus, hepatitis A virus, poliovirus,[5] rhinovirus N[5]
Arenaviridae V[19] Lassa virus[5][19] Y[5][19]
Bunyaviridae V[20] Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Hantaan virus[5] Y[5][20]
Filoviridae V[21] Ebola virus,[21] Marburg virus[21] Y[5]
Orthomyxoviridae V[4][22] Influenza virus[4][22] Y[4][22]
Paramyxoviridae V[23] Measles virus,[4] Mumps virus,[4] Parainfluenza virus[4][5] Y[4][23]
Pneumoviridae V [24] Respiratory syncytial virus[4] Y[4]
Rhabdoviridae V[25] Rabies virus[4][5] Y[4][5]
Unassigned[26] V[26] Hepatitis D[26] Y[26]
Retroviridae VI[4][27] HIV[4][5] Y[4][5]
Hepadnaviridae VII[4] Hepatitis B virus[4][5] Y[4][5]

Clinical characteristics edit

The clinical characteristics of viruses may differ substantially among species within the same family:

Type Family Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention
Adenovirus Adenoviridae
  • droplet contact[4]
  • fecal-oral[4]
  • venereal[4]
  • direct eye contact[4]
 None[4]
  • Adenovirus vaccine
  • hand washing
  • covering mouth when coughing or sneezing
  • avoiding close contact with the sick
Coxsackievirus Picornaviridae None[4]
  • hand washing
  • covering mouth when coughing/sneezing
  • avoiding contaminated food/water
  • improved sanitation
Cytomegalovirus Herpesviridae
  • hand washing
  • avoid sharing food and drinks with others
  • safe sex
Epstein–Barr virus Herpesviridae None[4]
  • avoiding close contact with the sick
Hepatitis A virus Picornaviridae Immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis)[4]
Hepatitis B virus Hepadnaviridae

Vertical and sexual[33]

Hepatitis C virus Flaviviridae
  • avoiding shared needles/syringes
  • safe sex
Herpes simplex virus, type 1 Herpesviridae
  • avoiding close contact with lesions
  • safe sex
Herpes simplex virus, type 2 Herpesviridae
  • avoiding close contact with lesions[4]
  • safe sex[4]
HIV Retroviridae HAART,[4] such as protease inhibitors[35] and reverse-transcriptase inhibitors[35]
  • zidovudine (perinatally)[4]
  • blood product screening[4]
  • safe sex[4]
  • avoiding shared needles/syringes
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) Coronaviridae
Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) Coronaviridae
  • droplet contact
Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) Coronaviridae
Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) Coronaviridae
Human herpesvirus, type 8 Herpesviridae many in evaluation-stage[4]
  • avoid close contact with lesions
  • safe sex
Human papillomavirus Papillomaviridae
Influenza virus Orthomyxoviridae
  • droplet contact[4]
Measles virus Paramyxoviridae None[4]
Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Coronaviridae
  • close human contact
Mumps virus Paramyxoviridae None[4]
Parainfluenza virus Paramyxoviridae None[4]
  • hand washing
  • covering mouth when coughing/sneezing
Poliovirus Picornaviridae None[4]
Rabies virus Rhabdoviridae Post-exposure prophylaxis[4]
Respiratory syncytial virus Pneumoviridae (ribavirin)[4]
  • hand washing[4]
  • avoiding close contact with the sick[4]
  • palivizumab in high risk individuals[4]
  • covering mouth when coughing/sneezing
Rubella virus Togaviridae None[4]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Coronaviridae
  • droplet contact
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coronaviridae
  • droplet contact
Varicella-zoster virus Herpesviridae
  • droplet contact[4]
  • direct contact

Varicella:

Zoster:

Varicella:

Zoster:

  • vaccine
  • varicella-zoster immunoglobulin

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Taylor M, Kobiler O, Enquist LW (2012). "Alphaherpesvirus axon-to-cell spread involves limited virion transmission". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (42). PNAS: 17046–17051. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10917046T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1212926109. PMC 3479527. PMID 23027939.
  2. ^ see below in this article
  3. ^ Hunt M. "Arboviruses". University of South Carolina School of Medicine.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi Fisher B, Harvey RP, Champe PC (2007). (PDF). Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series. Hagerstown MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 354–366. ISBN 978-0-7817-8215-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Table 1 in: Dimitrov DS (2004). "Virus entry: molecular mechanisms and biomedical applications". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2 (2): 109–22. doi:10.1038/nrmicro817. ISSN 1740-1526. PMC 7097642. PMID 15043007.
  6. ^ Adams MJ, Carstens EB (Jul 2012). "Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2012)" (PDF). Arch. Virol. 157 (7): 1411–22. doi:10.1007/s00705-012-1299-6. PMC 7086667. PMID 22481600.
  7. ^ Whitley RJ (1996). Baron S, et al. (eds.). Herpesviruses. in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
  8. ^ Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA (2005). Medical Microbiology (5th ed.). Elsevier Mosby. ISBN 978-0-323-03303-9.
  9. ^ a b c de Villiers EM, Fauquet C, Broker TR, Bernard HU, zur Hausen H (2004). "Classification of papillomaviruses". Virology. 324 (1): 17–27. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.033. PMID 15183049.
  10. ^ a b c "Polyomavirus". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
  11. ^ a b c Page 273 in: Lennette's Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections (Fourth ed.). CRC Press. 2010. ISBN 978-1420084962.
  12. ^ Murillo A, Vera-Estrella R, Barkla BJ, Méndez E, Arias CF (2015). "Identification of Host Cell Factors Associated with Astrovirus Replication in Caco-2 Cells". J. Virol. 89 (20): 10359–70. doi:10.1128/JVI.01225-15. PMC 4580174. PMID 26246569.
  13. ^ Stapleford KA, Miller DJ (2010). "Role of Cellular Lipids in Positive-Sense RNA Virus Replication Complex Assembly and Function". Viruses. 2 (5): 1055–68. doi:10.3390/v2051055. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3187604. PMID 21994671.
  14. ^ Cook S, Moureau G, Harbach RE, Mukwaya L, Goodger K, Ssenfuka F, Gould E, Holmes EC, de Lamballerie X (2009). "Isolation of a novel species of flavivirus and a new strain of Culex flavivirus (Flaviviridae) from a natural mosquito population in Uganda". Journal of General Virology. 90 (11): 2669–78. doi:10.1099/vir.0.014183-0. ISSN 0022-1317. PMC 2885038. PMID 19656970.
  15. ^ a b "Hepeviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
  16. ^ Simon-Loriere E, Holmes EC (2011). "Why do RNA viruses recombine?". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 9 (8): 617–26. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2614. ISSN 1740-1526. PMC 3324781. PMID 21725337.
  17. ^ "2018.013S.R.Matonaviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 2020-05-28.[dead link]
  18. ^ Tuthill TJ, Groppelli E, Hogle JM, Rowlands DJ (2010). Picornaviruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 343. pp. 43–89. doi:10.1007/82_2010_37. ISBN 978-3-642-13331-2. ISSN 0070-217X. PMC 3018333. PMID 20397067.
  19. ^ a b c . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2015-10-04. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
  20. ^ a b . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2015-10-04. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
  21. ^ a b c . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2015-10-04. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h "Orthomyxoviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2015-10-04. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  24. ^ "Pneumoviridae ~ ViralZone page". viralzone.expasy.org. Retrieved 2020-08-17.
  25. ^ a b c d . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2015-10-04. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
  26. ^ a b c d "Deltavirus". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
  27. ^ . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2015-10-04. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
  28. ^ a b c d "Enterovirus". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-12.
  29. ^ Repass GL, Palmer WC, Stancampiano FF (September 2014). "Hand, foot, and mouth disease: Identifying and managing an acute viral syndrome". Cleve Clin J Med. 81 (9): 537–43. doi:10.3949/ccjm.81a.13132. PMID 25183845.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2016-02-02. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  31. ^ a b c d e f "Babies Born with CMV (Congenital CMV Infection)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 13, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2017.  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  32. ^ a b c d . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2015-12-20. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  34. ^ a b . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2016-02-17. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  35. ^ a b c d e "Human immunodeficiency virus 1". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  36. ^ a b c d . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2015-03-05. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
  37. ^ a b c . ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Archived from the original on 2016-02-20. Retrieved 2015-10-10.

External links edit

January 01, 1970
viral, disease, viral, disease, viral, infection, occurs, when, organism, body, invaded, pathogenic, viruses, infectious, virus, particles, virions, attach, enter, susceptible, cells, other, namesviral, infectiontransmission, electron, micrograph, severe, acut. A viral disease or viral infection occurs when an organism s body is invaded by pathogenic viruses and infectious virus particles virions attach to and enter susceptible cells 1 Viral diseaseOther namesViral infectionTransmission electron micrograph of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 virionsSpecialtyInfectious disease Examples are the common cold gastroenteritis and pneumonia 2 Contents 1 Structural characteristics 1 1 Pragmatic rules 1 2 Baltimore group 1 3 Clinical characteristics 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksStructural characteristics edit nbsp Virions of some of the most common human viruses with their relative size Nucleic acids are not to scale SARS stands as for SARS as for COVID 19 variola viruses for smallpox Basic structural characteristics such as genome type virion shape and replication site generally share the same features among virus species within the same family citation needed Double stranded DNA families three are non enveloped Adenoviridae Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae and two are enveloped Herpesviridae and Poxviridae All of the non enveloped families have icosahedral capsids Partly double stranded DNA viruses Hepadnaviridae These viruses are enveloped One family of single stranded DNA viruses infects humans Parvoviridae These viruses are non enveloped Positive single stranded RNA families three non enveloped Astroviridae Caliciviridae and Picornaviridae and four enveloped Coronaviridae Flaviviridae Retroviridae and Togaviridae All the non enveloped families have icosahedral nucleocapsids Negative single stranded RNA families Arenaviridae Bunyaviridae Filoviridae Orthomyxoviridae Paramyxoviridae and Rhabdoviridae All are enveloped with helical nucleocapsids Double stranded RNA genome Reoviridae The Hepatitis D virus has not yet been assigned to a family but is clearly distinct from the other families infecting humans Viruses known to infect humans that have not been associated with disease the family Anelloviridae and the genus Dependovirus Both of these taxa are non enveloped single stranded DNA viruses Pragmatic rules edit Human infecting virus families offer rules that may assist physicians and medical microbiologists virologists citation needed As a general rule DNA viruses replicate within the cell nucleus while RNA viruses replicate within the cytoplasm Exceptions are known to this rule poxviruses replicate within the cytoplasm and orthomyxoviruses and hepatitis D virus RNA viruses replicate within the nucleus citation needed Segmented genomes Bunyaviridae Orthomyxoviridae Arenaviridae and Reoviridae acronym BOAR All are RNA viruses Viruses transmitted almost exclusively by arthropods Bunyavirus Flavivirus and Togavirus Some Reoviruses are transmitted from arthropod vectors All are RNA viruses 3 One family of enveloped viruses causes gastroenteritis Coronaviridae All other viruses associated with gastroenteritis are non enveloped Baltimore group edit This group of analysts defined multiple categories of virus Groups citation needed I dsDNA II ssDNA III dsRNA IV positive sense ssRNA V negative sense ssRNA VI ssRNA RT VII dsDNA RT Clinically important virus families and species with characteristics Family Baltimore group Important species Envelopment Adenoviridae I 4 5 Adenovirus 4 5 N 4 5 Herpesviridae I 4 5 Herpes simplex type 1 Herpes simplex type 2 Varicella zoster virus Epstein Barr virus Human cytomegalovirus Human herpesvirus type 8 6 7 8 Y 4 5 Papillomaviridae I 4 9 Human papillomavirus 4 9 N 4 9 Polyomaviridae I 4 10 BK virus JC virus 4 10 N 4 10 Poxviridae I 4 5 Smallpox 4 5 Y 4 5 Parvoviridae II 4 5 Parvovirus B19 4 5 N 4 5 Reoviridae III 11 Rotavirus 11 Orbivirus Coltivirus Banna virus N 5 Astroviridae IV 12 Human astrovirus 5 N 5 Caliciviridae IV 11 Norwalk virus 5 N 5 Coronaviridae IV 13 Human coronavirus 229E Human coronavirus NL63 Human coronavirus OC43 Human coronavirus HKU1 Middle East respiratory syndrome related coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 5 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Y 5 Flaviviridae IV 4 5 14 Hepatitis C virus 4 yellow fever virus 4 dengue virus 4 West Nile virus 4 TBE virus 5 Zika virus Y 4 5 Hepeviridae IV 15 Hepatitis E virus 5 N 5 15 Matonaviridae IV 4 5 16 Rubella virus 4 17 Y 4 5 Picornaviridae IV 18 coxsackievirus hepatitis A virus poliovirus 5 rhinovirus N 5 Arenaviridae V 19 Lassa virus 5 19 Y 5 19 Bunyaviridae V 20 Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Hantaan virus 5 Y 5 20 Filoviridae V 21 Ebola virus 21 Marburg virus 21 Y 5 Orthomyxoviridae V 4 22 Influenza virus 4 22 Y 4 22 Paramyxoviridae V 23 Measles virus 4 Mumps virus 4 Parainfluenza virus 4 5 Y 4 23 Pneumoviridae V 24 Respiratory syncytial virus 4 Y 4 Rhabdoviridae V 25 Rabies virus 4 5 Y 4 5 Unassigned 26 V 26 Hepatitis D 26 Y 26 Retroviridae VI 4 27 HIV 4 5 Y 4 5 Hepadnaviridae VII 4 Hepatitis B virus 4 5 Y 4 5 Clinical characteristics edit The clinical characteristics of viruses may differ substantially among species within the same family Type Family Transmission Diseases Treatment Prevention Adenovirus Adenoviridae droplet contact 4 fecal oral 4 venereal 4 direct eye contact 4 gastroenteritis 4 keratoconjunctivitis 4 pharyngitis 4 pharyngoconjunctival fever 4 None 4 Adenovirus vaccine hand washing covering mouth when coughing or sneezing avoiding close contact with the sick Coxsackievirus Picornaviridae fecal oral 4 28 respiratory 28 droplet contact 4 Hand foot and mouth disease 29 pleurodynia 28 aseptic meningitis 28 pericarditis myocarditis None 4 hand washing covering mouth when coughing sneezing avoiding contaminated food water improved sanitation Cytomegalovirus Herpesviridae vertical transmission 4 30 31 bodily fluids 4 infectious mononucleosis 4 Cytomegalic inclusion disease 4 Premature birth 31 liver lung and spleen diseases in the newborn 31 Small size at birth 31 Small head size 31 congenital seizures in the newborn 31 ganciclovir 4 cidofovir 4 foscarnet 4 hand washing avoid sharing food and drinks with others safe sex Epstein Barr virus Herpesviridae saliva 4 infectious mononucleosis 4 Burkitt s lymphoma 4 Hodgkin s lymphoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma None 4 avoiding close contact with the sick Hepatitis A virus Picornaviridae fecal oral 4 32 acute hepatitis 4 32 Immunoglobulin post exposure prophylaxis 4 Hepatitis A vaccine 4 32 avoiding contaminated food water 4 improved sanitation Hepatitis B virus Hepadnaviridae bodily fluids 4 Vertical and sexual 33 acute hepatitis 4 33 chronic hepatitis 33 hepatic cirrhosis 33 hepatocellular carcinoma 33 Lamivudine 4 33 immunoglobulin 4 Adefovir 4 Entecavir 4 Pegylated interferon alfa 2 4 Hepatitis B vaccine 4 33 immunoglobulin perinatal and post exposure prophylaxis 4 avoiding shared needles syringes safe sex Hepatitis C virus Flaviviridae blood 4 sexual contact 4 acute hepatitis 4 34 chronic hepatitis 4 hepatic cirrhosis 4 hepatocellular carcinoma 4 Ribavirin 4 34 Pegylated interferon alfa 2 4 avoiding shared needles syringes safe sex Herpes simplex virus type 1 Herpesviridae direct contact 4 30 saliva 4 30 herpes labialis 4 cold sores 4 30 can recur by latency 4 gingivostomatitis in children 4 tonsillitis amp pharyngitis in adults 4 keratoconjunctivitis 4 acyclovir 4 30 famciclovir 4 30 foscarnet 4 penciclovir 4 avoiding close contact with lesions safe sex Herpes simplex virus type 2 Herpesviridae sexual contact 4 30 vertical transmission 4 30 Skin vesicles mucosal ulcers 30 Oral and or genital 30 Can be latent 4 Aseptic meningitis 4 acyclovir 4 30 famciclovir 4 30 foscarnet 4 penciclovir 4 cidofovir 4 avoiding close contact with lesions 4 safe sex 4 HIV Retroviridae sexual contact 4 35 blood 4 35 breast milk 4 35 vertical transmission AIDS 4 HAART 4 such as protease inhibitors 35 and reverse transcriptase inhibitors 35 zidovudine perinatally 4 blood product screening 4 safe sex 4 avoiding shared needles syringes Human coronavirus 229E HCoV 229E Coronaviridae droplet contact fomites common cold pneumonia bronchiolitis Human coronavirus NL63 HCoV NL63 Coronaviridae droplet contact common cold rhinitis bronchitis bronchiolitis pneumonia croup Human coronavirus OC43 HCoV OC43 Coronaviridae common cold pneumonia Human coronavirus HKU1 HCoV HKU1 Coronaviridae common cold pneumonia bronchiolitis Human herpesvirus type 8 Herpesviridae Saliva 30 Sexual 30 Kaposi sarcoma 4 multicentric Castleman disease 4 primary effusion lymphoma 4 many in evaluation stage 4 avoid close contact with lesions safe sex Human papillomavirus Papillomaviridae direct contact 4 36 sexual contact 36 vertical transmission common flat plantar and anogenital warts laryngeal papillomas epidermodysplasia verruciformis 4 Malignancies for some species cervical carcinoma 36 squamous cell carcinomas 4 liquid nitrogen 4 laser vaporization 4 cytotoxic chemicals 4 interferon 4 cidofovir 4 HPV vaccine 4 36 avoiding close contact with lesions 4 safe sex 4 Influenza virus Orthomyxoviridae droplet contact 4 influenza 4 Reye syndrome 4 amantadine 4 22 rimantadine 4 22 zanamivir 4 22 oseltamivir 4 22 influenza vaccine 4 22 amantadine 4 rimantadine 4 hand washing covering mouth when coughing sneezing avoiding close contact with the sick Measles virus Paramyxoviridae droplet contact 4 23 measles 4 23 postinfectious encephalomyelitis 4 None 4 MMR vaccine 4 23 quarantining the sick avoiding contact with the sick Middle East respiratory syndrome related coronavirus MERS CoV Coronaviridae close human contact Middle East respiratory syndrome MERS Mumps virus Paramyxoviridae droplet contact 4 23 mumps 4 23 None 4 MMR vaccine 4 23 avoiding close contact with the sick Parainfluenza virus Paramyxoviridae droplet contact 4 23 croup 4 pneumonia 4 bronchiolitis 4 common cold 4 None 4 hand washing covering mouth when coughing sneezing Poliovirus Picornaviridae fecal oral 4 poliomyelitis 4 None 4 Polio vaccine 4 32 avoiding contaminated food and water improved sanitation Rabies virus Rhabdoviridae animal bite 4 25 droplet contact 4 rabies 4 fatal encephalitis 25 Post exposure prophylaxis 4 rabies vaccine 25 avoiding rabid animals Respiratory syncytial virus Pneumoviridae droplet contact 4 23 hand to mouth 4 bronchiolitis 4 pneumonia 4 influenza like syndrome 4 severe bronchiolitis with pneumonia 4 ribavirin 4 hand washing 4 avoiding close contact with the sick 4 palivizumab in high risk individuals 4 covering mouth when coughing sneezing Rubella virus Togaviridae Respiratory 37 droplet contact 4 congenital rubella 4 37 German measles 4 None 4 MMR vaccine 4 37 avoiding close contact with the sick Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS CoV Coronaviridae droplet contact severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 Coronaviridae droplet contact coronavirus disease 2019 COVID 19 Molnupiravir Nirmatrelvir ritonavir hand washing covering mouth when coughing or sneezing social distancing Varicella zoster virus Herpesviridae droplet contact 4 direct contact chickenpox 30 herpes zoster 4 Congenital varicella syndrome 30 Varicella acyclovir 4 famciclovir 4 valacyclovir 4 Zoster acyclovir 4 famciclovir 4 Varicella varicella vaccine 4 varicella zoster immunoglobulin 4 avoiding close contact with the sick Zoster vaccine varicella zoster immunoglobulinSee also editList of latent human viral infections Pathogenic bacteriaReferences edit Taylor M Kobiler O Enquist LW 2012 Alphaherpesvirus axon to cell spread involves limited virion transmission Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 42 PNAS 17046 17051 Bibcode 2012PNAS 10917046T doi 10 1073 pnas 1212926109 PMC 3479527 PMID 23027939 see below in this article Hunt M Arboviruses University of South Carolina School of Medicine a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi Fisher B Harvey RP Champe PC 2007 Lippincott s Illustrated Reviews Microbiology PDF Lippincott s Illustrated Reviews Series Hagerstown MD Lippincott Williams amp Wilkins pp 354 366 ISBN 978 0 7817 8215 9 Archived from the original PDF on 22 October 2020 Retrieved 7 September 2020 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Table 1 in Dimitrov DS 2004 Virus entry molecular mechanisms and biomedical applications Nature Reviews Microbiology 2 2 109 22 doi 10 1038 nrmicro817 ISSN 1740 1526 PMC 7097642 PMID 15043007 Adams MJ Carstens EB Jul 2012 Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 2012 PDF Arch Virol 157 7 1411 22 doi 10 1007 s00705 012 1299 6 PMC 7086667 PMID 22481600 Whitley RJ 1996 Baron S et al eds Herpesviruses in Baron s Medical Microbiology 4th ed Univ of Texas Medical Branch ISBN 0 9631172 1 1 Murray PR Rosenthal KS Pfaller MA 2005 Medical Microbiology 5th ed Elsevier Mosby ISBN 978 0 323 03303 9 a b c de Villiers EM Fauquet C Broker TR Bernard HU zur Hausen H 2004 Classification of papillomaviruses Virology 324 1 17 27 doi 10 1016 j virol 2004 03 033 PMID 15183049 a b c Polyomavirus ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Retrieved 2015 10 03 a b c Page 273 in Lennette s Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections Fourth ed CRC Press 2010 ISBN 978 1420084962 Murillo A Vera Estrella R Barkla BJ Mendez E Arias CF 2015 Identification of Host Cell Factors Associated with Astrovirus Replication in Caco 2 Cells J Virol 89 20 10359 70 doi 10 1128 JVI 01225 15 PMC 4580174 PMID 26246569 Stapleford KA Miller DJ 2010 Role of Cellular Lipids in Positive Sense RNA Virus Replication Complex Assembly and Function Viruses 2 5 1055 68 doi 10 3390 v2051055 ISSN 1999 4915 PMC 3187604 PMID 21994671 Cook S Moureau G Harbach RE Mukwaya L Goodger K Ssenfuka F Gould E Holmes EC de Lamballerie X 2009 Isolation of a novel species of flavivirus and a new strain of Culex flavivirus Flaviviridae from a natural mosquito population in Uganda Journal of General Virology 90 11 2669 78 doi 10 1099 vir 0 014183 0 ISSN 0022 1317 PMC 2885038 PMID 19656970 a b Hepeviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Retrieved 2015 10 03 Simon Loriere E Holmes EC 2011 Why do RNA viruses recombine Nature Reviews Microbiology 9 8 617 26 doi 10 1038 nrmicro2614 ISSN 1740 1526 PMC 3324781 PMID 21725337 2018 013S R Matonaviridae International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ICTV Retrieved 2020 05 28 dead link Tuthill TJ Groppelli E Hogle JM Rowlands DJ 2010 Picornaviruses Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology Vol 343 pp 43 89 doi 10 1007 82 2010 37 ISBN 978 3 642 13331 2 ISSN 0070 217X PMC 3018333 PMID 20397067 a b c Arenaviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2015 10 04 Retrieved 2015 10 03 a b Bunyaviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2015 10 04 Retrieved 2015 10 03 a b c Filoviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2015 10 04 Retrieved 2015 10 03 a b c d e f g h Orthomyxoviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Retrieved 2015 10 03 a b c d e f g h i j Paramyxoviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2015 10 04 Retrieved 2015 10 10 Pneumoviridae ViralZone page viralzone expasy org Retrieved 2020 08 17 a b c d Rhabdoviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2015 10 04 Retrieved 2015 10 03 a b c d Deltavirus ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Retrieved 2015 10 03 Retroviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2015 10 04 Retrieved 2015 10 03 a b c d Enterovirus ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Retrieved 2015 10 12 Repass GL Palmer WC Stancampiano FF September 2014 Hand foot and mouth disease Identifying and managing an acute viral syndrome Cleve Clin J Med 81 9 537 43 doi 10 3949 ccjm 81a 13132 PMID 25183845 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Herpesviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2016 02 02 Retrieved 2015 10 10 a b c d e f Babies Born with CMV Congenital CMV Infection Centers for Disease Control and Prevention April 13 2017 Retrieved June 17 2017 nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention a b c d Picornaviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2015 12 20 Retrieved 2015 10 10 a b c d e f g Hepadnaviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2015 10 10 a b Flaviviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2016 02 17 Retrieved 2015 10 10 a b c d e Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Retrieved 2015 10 10 a b c d Papillomaviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2015 03 05 Retrieved 2015 10 10 a b c Togaviridae ViralZone SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Archived from the original on 2016 02 20 Retrieved 2015 10 10 External links editPortal nbsp Viruses Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Viral disease amp oldid 1211805934, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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