View Park–Windsor Hills, California
View Park−Windsor Hills is an unincorporated community in Los Angeles County, California. The View Park neighborhood is the community surrounding Angeles Vista Boulevard and the Windsor Hills neighborhood is on the southern end to the north of Slauson Avenue.
View Park−Windsor Hills, California | |
|---|---|
Location of View Park−Windsor Hills in Los Angeles County, California. | |
View Park−Windsor Hills, California Location in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 33°59′37″N 118°20′49″W / 33.99361°N 118.34694°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Los Angeles |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1.842 sq mi (4.771 km2) |
| • Land | 1.841 sq mi (4.769 km2) |
| • Water | 0.001 sq mi (0.002 km2) 0.04% |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 11,419 |
| • Density | 6,200/sq mi (2,400/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP Code | 90043 |
| Area code | 323 |
| FIPS code | 06-82667 |
View Park−Windsor Hills is one of the wealthiest primarily African-American neighborhoods in the United States.[2] The two neighborhoods are part of a band of neighborhoods, from Culver City's Fox Hills district on the west to the Los Angeles neighborhood of Leimert Park on the east, that comprise one of the wealthiest geographically contiguous historically black communities in the western United States. This corridor also includes the neighborhood of Baldwin Hills and the unincorporated community of Ladera Heights. It was developed between 1923 and 1970.[3] While the neighborhood is still predominantly African-American, the area is undergoing a demographic shift as new homeowners (mostly white or Asian families), who work in nearby Culver City, Downtown Los Angeles, Santa Monica and other job hub areas are moving into the neighborhood.[4]
Per the 2020 census, the population of View Park-Windsor Hills was 11,419.[5]
History edit
View Park edit
View Park was developed between 1923 and 1970 an upper-class neighborhood akin to the style of Cheviot Hills, Bel-Air, Brentwood and Hancock Park by the Los Angeles Investment Company.[6] It is one of the wealthiest African-American areas in the United States. It contains a collection of houses and mansions in the Spanish Colonial Revival Style, Spanish Colonial, Mid Century and Mediterranean Revival Style architecture, most of which remain today. View Park architecture features the work of many notable architects, such as the Los Angeles Investment Company, Postle & Postle, R. F. Ruck, Paul Haynes, Leopold Fischer, H. Roy Kelley, Raphael Soriano, Charles W. Wong, Robert Earl, M.C. Drebbin, Vincent Palmer, Theodore Pletsch and Homer C. Valentine. It is also rumored that renowned African American architect Paul Williams had built several homes in View Park. The only documented Paul Williams home is located at 4351 Mount Vernon Drive.
Windsor Hills edit
Windsor Hills was developed in the late 1930s by Marlow-Burns Development Company. It was the first subdivision in Southern California for which the newly created Federal Housing Administration provided mortgage insurance. It also contains a collection of houses and mansions in the Spanish Colonial Revival Style, minimal traditional and Mediterranean Revival Style architecture. African-Americans were forbidden to live in either area until the Supreme Court's invalidation of racial restrictive covenants in 1948.
Geography edit
View Park−Windsor Hills is located at 33°59′37″N 118°20′49″W / 33.99361°N 118.34694°W (33.993662, -118.346950).[7]
Climate edit
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2), all land. The region has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate.
Demographics edit
For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined View Park−Windsor Hills as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area. As of end of 2020, View Park-Windsor hills ranks # 1 among top 10 richest black communities in US, with an average family income of $159,168.[8]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 12,268 | — | |
| 1980 | 12,101 | −1.4% | |
| 1990 | 11,769 | −2.7% | |
| 2000 | 10,958 | −6.9% | |
| 2010 | 11,075 | 1.1% | |
| 2020 | 11,419 | 3.1% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[9] 2010[10] 2020[11] | |||
2020 census edit
| Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2010[10] | Pop 2020[11] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 463 | 1,004 | 4.18% | 8.79% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 9,209 | 8,048 | 83.15% | 70.48% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 18 | 9 | 0.16% | 0.08% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 143 | 319 | 1.29% | 2.79% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 4 | 10 | 0.04% | 0.09% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 45 | 87 | 0.41% | 0.76% |
| Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 473 | 844 | 4.27% | 7.39% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 720 | 1,098 | 6.50% | 9.62% |
| Total | 11,075 | 11,419 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2010 Census edit
At the 2010 census View Park−Windsor Hills had a population of 11,075. The population density was 6,012.6 inhabitants per square mile (2,321.5/km2). The racial makeup of View Park−Windsor Hills was 669 (6.0%) White (4.2% Non-Hispanic White),[12] 9,392 (84.8%) African-American, 45 (0.4%) Native American, 147 (1.3%) Asian, 4 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 244 (2.2%) from other races, and 574 (5.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 720 people (6.5%).[13]
The census reported that 10,999 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, 14 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 62 (0.6%) were institutionalized.
There were 4,535 households, 1,246 (27.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,704 (37.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 985 (21.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 276 (6.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 166 (3.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 38 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 1,354 households (29.9%) were one person and 575 (12.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.43. There were 2,965 families (65.4% of households); the average family size was 2.97.
The age distribution was 2,090 people (18.9%) under the age of 18, 755 people (6.8%) aged 18 to 24, 2,286 people (20.6%) aged 25 to 44, 3,586 people (32.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 2,358 people (21.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 47.1 years. For every 100 females there were 80.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.0 males.
There were 4,777 housing units at an average density of 2,593.4 per square mile, of the occupied units 3,275 (72.2%) were owner-occupied and 1,260 (27.8%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.2%. 8,297 people (74.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,702 people (24.4%) lived in rental housing units.
2000 edit
At the 2000 census there were 10,958 people, 4,539 households, and 3,041 families in the CDP. The population density was 5,895.8 inhabitants per square mile (2,276.4/km2). There were 4,738 housing units at an average density of 2,549.2 per square mile (984.3/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.0% African American, 5.4% White, 0.2% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7%.[14] The area had the highest percentage of African-American residents of any CDP in the Western United States.
Of the 4,539 households 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 28.9% of households were one person and 10.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.94.
The age distribution was 20.3% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% 65 or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.3 males.
The median household income was $90,876 and the median family income was $100,124. Males had a median income of $56,461 versus $43,663 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $34,382. About 3.1% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.
- In the year 2000, these were the ten neighborhoods in Los Angeles County with the largest percentage of black residents:[15]
- View Park-Windsor Hills, California, 86.5%
- Gramercy Park, Los Angeles, 86.4%
- Leimert Park, Los Angeles, 79.6%
- Manchester Square, Los Angeles, 78.6%
- Baldwin Hills/Crenshaw, Los Angeles, 71.3%
- Ladera Heights, California, 71%
- Hyde Park, Los Angeles, 66%
- Chesterfield Square, Los Angeles, 58.6%
- West Rancho Dominguez, California, 57.6%
- Westmont, California, 57.5%
Arts and culture edit
National Register of Historic Places edit
On July 12, 2016, View Park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, an initiative led by View Park Conservancy[16] in which almost 700 View Park residents donated over $100,000 to complete the historic work needed to complete the neighborhood's nomination. View Park is the largest National Register historic district in the country based on African American and county history, and the largest in California in terms of total property owners.[17]
Library edit
Library services are provided by the County of Los Angeles Public Library View Park Library. The library is named for the late writer Bebe Moore Campbell, a community resident.[18]
Landmarks edit
- Ray Charles Residence at 4863 Southridge Avenue. The home was built in 1965.
- The Googie-style Wich Stand now known as Simply Wholesome is located at Slauson Avenue and Overhill Avenue.
- The Doumakes House. The first historic landmark in unincorporated LA County at Angeles Vista Blvd and West Blvd.
Parks and recreation edit
View Park-Windsor Hills has a main park called Rueben Ingold Park. The park opened on August 17, 1971, and is adjacent to Kenneth Hahn State Recreation Area with the newly Stocker Trail Corridor pathway to connect the two. Residents also use the Valley Ridge Avenue hill for exercising.
Government edit
The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services SPA 6 South Area Health Office Ruth-Temple Health Center in Los Angeles,[19] serves View Park-Windsor Hills.[20]
In the state legislature View Park−Windsor Hills is located in the 28th Senate District, represented by Democrat Lola Smallwood-Cuevas, and in the 55th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Isaac Bryan. Federally, View Park−Windsor Hills is located in California's 37th congressional district, which is represented by Democrat Sydney Kamlager-Dove.
Education edit
Schools edit
The CDP community is within the Los Angeles Unified School District. A portion is also within the Inglewood Unified School District.[21]
Several elementary schools serve the LAUSD portion of community are as follows:
- (K-5) (View Park)[22]
- Cowan Elementary School (1–5)[citation needed]
- Windsor Math/Science/Aerospace Magnet, 5215 Overdale Drive. (K-5, zoned only for Kindergarten) (Windsor Hills)[23]
All areas in LAUSD are zoned to:[citation needed]
- Audubon Middle School
- Crenshaw High School
- View Park Preparatory High School
Some areas are jointly zoned to Audubon Middle School and Daniel Webster Middle School [1]. Some areas are jointly zoned to Audubon Middle School, Orville Wright Middle School, and Palms Middle School. Some areas are jointly zoned to Crenshaw High School and Westchester High School. View Park Preparatory High School also serves as the center school for the View Park neighborhood. The school is an urban preparatory school partnered with LAUSD.[citation needed]
Infrastructure edit
Police services edit
Criminal Law Enforcement Services including patrol are provided by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department out of the Marina Del Ray station with a substation in the Ladera shopping center. Deputy Sheriffs also perform traffic enforcement and are often first on scene to vehicle accidents and Fire/EMS calls.
As an unincorporated area, Traffic Law Enforcement Services are provided by the California Highway Patrol (CHP) out of the West LA Area Office in Culver City.
The Los Angeles Unified School District Police has jurisdiction on the areas LAUSD elementary school campuses.
Fire/EMS services edit
Fire and EMS services are provided by the Los Angeles County Fire Department Station 58 (Engine and Medic unit) and Station 38 (Engine).
Surrounding Agencies edit
The Los Angeles City Fire Department and Culver City Fire Department border this area. The Los Angeles, Inglewood, Inglewood School District, and Culver City Police Departments border this area.
Notable people edit
This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2013) |
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Shorten descriptors to bare necessity. Keep one blue link per line. (April 2013) |
View Park-Windsor Hills has been home to numerous actors, athletes, Filmmakers and musicians, including:
- Ermias Joseph Asghedom, known professionally as Nipsey Hussle
- Angelle Brooks, Actress
- Charles Burnett, Filmmaker and director
- Laphonza Butler, US Senator and former president of EMILY's List[24]
- Bebe Moore Campbell, Novelist
- Ray Charles, (1930–2004) Singer[3]
- Doria Ragland, mother of Meghan, Duchess of Sussex[25]
- James Cleveland (1931–1991) Gospel Singer, Arranger Composer[26]
- Michael Cooper, Former NBA player and WNBA head coach[3]
- Loretta Devine, Actress[3]
- Curt Flood Former professional baseball player
- Lita Gaithers, Tony Award-nominated playwright, singer/songwriter
- Jester Hairston, composer, arranger, and actor[27]
- Lisa Gay Hamilton, Actress
- Sally Hampton, Writer, Producer, Actress
- Earl Ofari Hutchinson, Journalist, Author and Broadcaster[3]
- Louis Johnson, baseball player
- Robert Kardashian, attorney[28]
- Regina King, Academy award winning Actress and television director [29]
- Mike Love, Musician, founding member of the Beach Boys[30]
- Stan Love (basketball), Former NBA player, brother of Mike Love[30]
- Marilyn McCoo, singer[31]
- Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, retired Actress, Member of The British Royal Family
- Issa Rae, Writer, Actress, and Television Producer
- Leslie Sykes, KABC-TV news co-anchor
- Ike & Tina Turner, Recording duo[3]
- Clara Ward, (1924–1973) Gospel singer[32]
- Dave Waymer, NFL Football Player
- Gerald Wilson, jazz Composer, arranger, conductor
- Nancy Wilson, Vocalist
See also edit
References edit
- ^ U.S. Census 2012-01-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "See the 10 Most Affluent African-American Neighborhoods in America". BET. July 7, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Jennings, Angel (July 18, 2015). "'Black Beverly Hills' debates historic status vs. white gentrification". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "Residents Grapple With Change Coming To View Park, LA's Black Beverly Hills".
- ^ "View Park-Windsor Hills CDP, California". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
- ^ "View Park—Historically Black and Proud". LA Sentinel. August 11, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2019.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "10 Richest Black Communities in America". January 4, 2014. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
- ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
- ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – View Park-Windsor Hills CDP, California". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – View Park-Windsor Hills CDP, California". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "Census data". quickfacts.census.gov.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - View Park-Windsor Hills CDP". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Mapping L.A." Los Angeles Times.
- ^ View Park Conservancy
- ^ "View Park Historic District". www.nps.com. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
- ^ "View Park Library to be named after Bebe Moore Campbell". L.A. Watts Times. August 6, 2015. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
- ^ "Ruth-Temple Health Center." Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved on March 18, 2010.
- ^ "Souttth SPA by Health District and City." Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved on March 18, 2010.
- ^ "View Park Windsor Hills CDP, California June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on March 22, 2010.
- ^ "54th Street Elementary School 2011-03-21 at the Wayback Machine." Los Angeles Unified School District. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
- ^ "Windsor Math/Science/Aerospace Magnet 2011-03-21 at the Wayback Machine." Los Angeles Unified School District. Retrieved on March 23, 2010.
- ^ Chambers, Francesca (October 2, 2023). "Meet Laphonza Butler, the EMILY's List president and Kamala Harris ally entering the Senate". USA Today. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
- ^ Carroll, Rory (November 28, 2017). "Meghan Markle's LA neighbors: 'For us as African Americans we're excited'". the Guardian. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
- ^ "Los Angeles Street Address Directory "Rev Jas Cleveland"". Los Angeles Public Library. July 1987. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
- ^ "Los Angeles Street Address Directory "Jester J Hairston"". Los Angeles Public Library. October 1961. p. 700. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
- ^ "Los Angeles Street Address Directory "Arthur Kardashian" and "Barbara Kardashian"". Los Angeles Public Library. May 1956. p. 753. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
- ^ Wallace, Amy (January 1, 2012). "Regina King". Los Angeles Magazine.
- ^ a b "Los Angeles Street Address Directory "Emily Love"". Los Angeles Public Library. May 1956. p. 254. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
- ^ "Los Angeles Street Address Directory "Marilyn Mc Coo"". Los Angeles Public Library. April 1964. p. 718. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
- ^ "Los Angeles Street Address Directory "C Ward"". Los Angeles Public Library. January 1969. p. 681. Retrieved August 28, 2020.