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Vanadyl sulfate

January 01, 1970

Vanadyl(IV) sulfate describes a collection of inorganic compounds of vanadium with the formula, VOSO4(H2O)x where 0 ≤ x ≤ 6. The pentahydrate is common. This hygroscopic blue solid is one of the most common sources of vanadium in the laboratory, reflecting its high stability. It features the vanadyl ion, VO2+, which has been called the "most stable diatomic ion".[1]

Vanadyl sulfate
Names
IUPAC name
Oxovanadium(2+) sulfate
Other names
Basic vanadium(IV) sulfate
Vanadium(IV) oxide sulfate
Vanadium(IV) oxysulfate
Identifiers
  • 27774-13-6 Anhydrous (green in color) Y
  • 12439-96-2 Pentahydrate (blue in color)
ECHA InfoCard 100.044.214
  • 34007 Anhydrous
  • 167150 Pentahydrate
RTECS number
  • YW1925000
UNII
  • 6DU9Y533FA Anhydrous (green in color) Y
  • DTXSID4021428
  • InChI=1S/H2O4S.O.V/c1-5(2,3)4;;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);;/q;;+2/p-2 N
    Key: UUUGYDOQQLOJQA-UHFFFAOYSA-L N
Properties
H10O10SV
Molar mass 253.07 g·mol−1
Appearance Blue solid
Melting point 105 °C (221 °F; 378 K) decomposes
Soluble
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Irritant
Flash point Non-flammble
Related compounds
Other anions
 Vanadyl chloride
Vanadyl nitrate
Other cations
 Vanadium(III) sulfate
Related compounds
 Vanadyl acetylacetonate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Vanadyl sulfate trihydrate

Vanadyl sulfate is an intermediate in the extraction of vanadium from petroleum residues, one commercial source of vanadium.[2]

Synthesis, structure, and reactions edit

Vanadyl sulfate is most commonly obtained by reduction of vanadium pentoxide with sulfur dioxide:

V2O5 + 7 H2O + SO2 + H2SO4 → 2 [V(O)(H2O)4]SO4

From aqueous solution, the salt crystallizes as the pentahydrate, the fifth water is not bound to the metal in the solid. Viewed as a coordination complex, the ion is octahedral, with oxo, four equatorial water ligands, and a monodentate sulfate.[1][3] The trihydrate has also been examined by crystallography.[4] A hexahydrate exists below 13.6 °C (286.8 K).[5] Two polymorphs of anhydrous VOSO4 are known.[6]

The V=O bond distance is 160 pm, about 50 pm shorter than the V–OH2 bonds. In solution, the sulfate ion dissociates rapidly.

Being widely available, vanadyl sulfate is a common precursor to other vanadyl derivatives, such as vanadyl acetylacetonate:[7]

[V(O)(H2O)4]SO4 + 2 C5H8O2 + Na2CO3 → [V(O)(C5H7O2)2] + Na2SO4 + 5 H2O + CO2

In acidic solution, oxidation of vanadyl sulfate gives yellow-coloured vanadyl(V) derivatives. Reduction, e.g. by zinc, gives vanadium(III) and vanadium(II) derivatives, which are characteristically green and violet, respectively.

Occurrence in nature edit

Like most water-soluble sulfates, vanadyl sulfate is only rarely found in nature. Anhydrous form is pauflerite,[8] a mineral of fumarolic origin. Hydrated forms, also rare, include hexahydrate (stanleyite), pentahydrates (minasragrite, orthominasragrite,[9] and anorthominasragrite) and trihydrate - bobjonesite.[10]

Medical research edit

Vanadyl sulfate is a component of food supplements and experimental drugs. Vanadyl sulfate exhibits insulin-like effects.[11]

Vanadyl sulfate has been extensively studied in the field of diabetes research as a potential means of increasing insulin sensitivity. No evidence indicates that oral vanadium supplementation improves glycaemic control.[12][13] Treatment with vanadium often results in gastrointestinal side-effects, primarily diarrhea.

Vanadyl sulfate is also marketed as a health supplement, often for bodybuilding. Deficiencies in vanadium result in reduced growth in rats.[14] Its effectiveness for bodybuilding has not been proven; some evidence suggests that athletes who take it are merely experiencing a placebo effect.[15]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. p. 1157. ISBN 978-0-08-022057-4.
  2. ^ Günter Bauer; Volker Güther; Hans Hess; Andreas Otto; Oskar Roidl; Heinz Roller; Siegfried Sattelberger (2005). "Vanadium and Vanadium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_367. ISBN 3-527-30673-0.
  3. ^ Tachez, M.; Theobald, F.R. (1980). "Structure du Sulfate de Vanadyle Pentahydrate VO(H2O)5SO4 beta (variete orthorhombique)". Acta Crystallographica B. B36 (8): 1757–p1761. Bibcode:1980AcCrB..36.1757T. doi:10.1107/S0567740880007170.
  4. ^ Tachez, M.; Theobald, F. R. (1980). "Liaisons hydrogene dans les cristaux de sulfate de vanadyle trihydrate VOSO4(H2O)3: Comparaison structurale de quatre sulfates de vanadyle hydrate". Acta Crystallographica B. 36 (12): 2873–2880. Bibcode:1980AcCrB..36.2873T. doi:10.1107/S056774088001045X.
  5. ^ M. Tachez, F. Theobald, G. Trouillot. Crystal data for vanadyl sulphate hexahydrate VOSO4.6H2O. J. Appl. Crystallogr. (1976). 9, 246
  6. ^ Boghosian, S.; Eriksen, K.M.; Fehrmann, R.; Nielsen, K. (1995). "Synthesis, Crystal Structure Redetermination and Vibrational Spectra of beta- VOSO4". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 49: 703–708. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.49-0703.Longo, J. M.; Arnott, R. J. (1970). "Structure and magnetic properties of VOSO4". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 1 (3–4): 394–p398. Bibcode:1970JSSCh...1..394L. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(70)90121-0.
  7. ^ Bryant, Burl E.; Fernelius, W. Conard (1957), "Vanadium(IV) Oxy(acetylacetonate)", Inorganic Syntheses, vol. 5, pp. 113–16, doi:10.1002/9780470132364.ch30, ISBN 978-0-470-13236-4
  8. ^ Krivovichev, S. V.; Vergasova, L. P.; Britvin, S. N.; Filatov, S. K.; Kahlenberg, V.; Ananiev, V. V. (1 August 2007). "Pauflerite, -VO(SO4), a New Mineral Species from the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia". The Canadian Mineralogist. 45 (4): 921–927. Bibcode:2007CaMin..45..921K. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.4.921.
  9. ^ Hawthorne, F. C.; Schindler, M.; Grice, J. D.; Haynes, P. (1 October 2001). "Orthominasragrite, V4+O(SO4)(H2O)5, A New Mineral Species from Temple Mountain, Emery County, Utah, U.A.A.". The Canadian Mineralogist. 39 (5): 1325–1331. Bibcode:2001CaMin..39.1325H. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.39.5.1325.
  10. ^ Schindler, M.; Hawthorne, F. C.; Huminicki, D. M.C.; Haynes, P.; Grice, J. D.; Evans, H. T. (1 February 2003). "Bobjonesite, V4+ O (So4) (H2O)3, A New Mineral Species from Temple Mountain, Emery County, Utah, U.s.a.". The Canadian Mineralogist. 41 (1): 83–90. Bibcode:2003CaMin..41...83S. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.41.1.83.
  11. ^ Crans, D. C.; Trujillo, A. M.; Pharazyn, P. S.; Cohen, M. D. (2011). "How environment affects drug activity: Localization, compartmentalization and reactions of a vanadium insulin-enhancing compound, dipicolinatooxovanadium(V)". Coord. Chem. Rev. 255 (19–20): 2178–2192. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2011.01.032.
  12. ^ Yeh, Gloria Y.; Eisenberg, David M.; Kaptchuk, Ted J.; Phillips, Russell S. (2003). "Systematic Review of Herbs and Dietary Supplements for Glycemic Control in Diabetes". Diabetes Care. 26 (4): 1277–1294. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1277. PMID 12663610.
  13. ^ Smith, D.M.; Pickering, R.M.; Lewith, G.T. (31 January 2008). "A systematic review of vanadium oral supplements for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus". QJM. 101 (5): 351–358. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcn003. PMID 18319296.
  14. ^ Schwarz, Klaus; Milne, David B. (1971). "Growth Effects of Vanadium in the Rat". Science. 174 (4007): 426–428. Bibcode:1971Sci...174..426S. doi:10.1126/science.174.4007.426. JSTOR 1731776. PMID 5112000. S2CID 24362265.
  15. ^ Talbott, Shawn M.; Hughes, Kerry (2007). "Vanadium". The Health Professional's Guide to Dietary Supplements. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 419–422. ISBN 978-0-7817-4672-4.

January 01, 1970
vanadyl, sulfate, vanadyl, sulfate, describes, collection, inorganic, compounds, vanadium, with, formula, voso4, where, pentahydrate, common, this, hygroscopic, blue, solid, most, common, sources, vanadium, laboratory, reflecting, high, stability, features, va. Vanadyl IV sulfate describes a collection of inorganic compounds of vanadium with the formula VOSO4 H2O x where 0 x 6 The pentahydrate is common This hygroscopic blue solid is one of the most common sources of vanadium in the laboratory reflecting its high stability It features the vanadyl ion VO2 which has been called the most stable diatomic ion 1 Vanadyl sulfate Names IUPAC name Oxovanadium 2 sulfate Other names Basic vanadium IV sulfateVanadium IV oxide sulfateVanadium IV oxysulfate Identifiers CAS Number 27774 13 6 Anhydrous green in color Y12439 96 2 Pentahydrate blue in color ECHA InfoCard 100 044 214 PubChem CID 34007 Anhydrous167150 Pentahydrate RTECS number YW1925000 UNII 6DU9Y533FA Anhydrous green in color Y CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID4021428 InChI InChI 1S H2O4S O V c1 5 2 3 4 h H2 1 2 3 4 q 2 p 2 NKey UUUGYDOQQLOJQA UHFFFAOYSA L N Properties Chemical formula H 10O 10S V Molar mass 253 07 g mol 1 Appearance Blue solid Melting point 105 C 221 F 378 K decomposes Solubility in water Soluble Hazards Occupational safety and health OHS OSH Main hazards Irritant Flash point Non flammble Related compounds Other anions Vanadyl chlorideVanadyl nitrate Other cations Vanadium III sulfate Related compounds Vanadyl acetylacetonate Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references Vanadyl sulfate trihydrate Vanadyl sulfate is an intermediate in the extraction of vanadium from petroleum residues one commercial source of vanadium 2 Contents 1 Synthesis structure and reactions 2 Occurrence in nature 3 Medical research 4 ReferencesSynthesis structure and reactions editVanadyl sulfate is most commonly obtained by reduction of vanadium pentoxide with sulfur dioxide V2O5 7 H2O SO2 H2SO4 2 V O H2O 4 SO4 From aqueous solution the salt crystallizes as the pentahydrate the fifth water is not bound to the metal in the solid Viewed as a coordination complex the ion is octahedral with oxo four equatorial water ligands and a monodentate sulfate 1 3 The trihydrate has also been examined by crystallography 4 A hexahydrate exists below 13 6 C 286 8 K 5 Two polymorphs of anhydrous VOSO4 are known 6 The V O bond distance is 160 pm about 50 pm shorter than the V OH2 bonds In solution the sulfate ion dissociates rapidly Being widely available vanadyl sulfate is a common precursor to other vanadyl derivatives such as vanadyl acetylacetonate 7 V O H2O 4 SO4 2 C5H8O2 Na2CO3 V O C5H7O2 2 Na2SO4 5 H2O CO2 In acidic solution oxidation of vanadyl sulfate gives yellow coloured vanadyl V derivatives Reduction e g by zinc gives vanadium III and vanadium II derivatives which are characteristically green and violet respectively Occurrence in nature editLike most water soluble sulfates vanadyl sulfate is only rarely found in nature Anhydrous form is pauflerite 8 a mineral of fumarolic origin Hydrated forms also rare include hexahydrate stanleyite pentahydrates minasragrite orthominasragrite 9 and anorthominasragrite and trihydrate bobjonesite 10 Medical research editVanadyl sulfate is a component of food supplements and experimental drugs Vanadyl sulfate exhibits insulin like effects 11 Vanadyl sulfate has been extensively studied in the field of diabetes research as a potential means of increasing insulin sensitivity No evidence indicates that oral vanadium supplementation improves glycaemic control 12 13 Treatment with vanadium often results in gastrointestinal side effects primarily diarrhea Vanadyl sulfate is also marketed as a health supplement often for bodybuilding Deficiencies in vanadium result in reduced growth in rats 14 Its effectiveness for bodybuilding has not been proven some evidence suggests that athletes who take it are merely experiencing a placebo effect 15 References edit a b Greenwood Norman N Earnshaw Alan 1984 Chemistry of the Elements Oxford Pergamon Press p 1157 ISBN 978 0 08 022057 4 Gunter Bauer Volker Guther Hans Hess Andreas Otto Oskar Roidl Heinz Roller Siegfried Sattelberger 2005 Vanadium and Vanadium Compounds Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 a27 367 ISBN 3 527 30673 0 Tachez M Theobald F R 1980 Structure du Sulfate de Vanadyle Pentahydrate VO H2O 5SO4 beta variete orthorhombique Acta Crystallographica B B36 8 1757 p1761 Bibcode 1980AcCrB 36 1757T doi 10 1107 S0567740880007170 Tachez M Theobald F R 1980 Liaisons hydrogene dans les cristaux de sulfate de vanadyle trihydrate VOSO4 H2O 3 Comparaison structurale de quatre sulfates de vanadyle hydrate Acta Crystallographica B 36 12 2873 2880 Bibcode 1980AcCrB 36 2873T doi 10 1107 S056774088001045X M Tachez F Theobald G Trouillot Crystal data for vanadyl sulphate hexahydrate VOSO4 6H2O J Appl Crystallogr 1976 9 246 Boghosian S Eriksen K M Fehrmann R Nielsen K 1995 Synthesis Crystal Structure Redetermination and Vibrational Spectra of beta VOSO4 Acta Chemica Scandinavica 49 703 708 doi 10 3891 acta chem scand 49 0703 Longo J M Arnott R J 1970 Structure and magnetic properties of VOSO4 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 1 3 4 394 p398 Bibcode 1970JSSCh 1 394L doi 10 1016 0022 4596 70 90121 0 Bryant Burl E Fernelius W Conard 1957 Vanadium IV Oxy acetylacetonate Inorganic Syntheses vol 5 pp 113 16 doi 10 1002 9780470132364 ch30 ISBN 978 0 470 13236 4 Krivovichev S V Vergasova L P Britvin S N Filatov S K Kahlenberg V Ananiev V V 1 August 2007 Pauflerite VO SO4 a New Mineral Species from the Tolbachik Volcano Kamchatka Peninsula Russia The Canadian Mineralogist 45 4 921 927 Bibcode 2007CaMin 45 921K doi 10 2113 gscanmin 45 4 921 Hawthorne F C Schindler M Grice J D Haynes P 1 October 2001 Orthominasragrite V4 O SO4 H2O 5 A New Mineral Species from Temple Mountain Emery County Utah U A A The Canadian Mineralogist 39 5 1325 1331 Bibcode 2001CaMin 39 1325H doi 10 2113 gscanmin 39 5 1325 Schindler M Hawthorne F C Huminicki D M C Haynes P Grice J D Evans H T 1 February 2003 Bobjonesite V4 O So4 H2O 3 A New Mineral Species from Temple Mountain Emery County Utah U s a The Canadian Mineralogist 41 1 83 90 Bibcode 2003CaMin 41 83S doi 10 2113 gscanmin 41 1 83 Crans D C Trujillo A M Pharazyn P S Cohen M D 2011 How environment affects drug activity Localization compartmentalization and reactions of a vanadium insulin enhancing compound dipicolinatooxovanadium V Coord Chem Rev 255 19 20 2178 2192 doi 10 1016 j ccr 2011 01 032 Yeh Gloria Y Eisenberg David M Kaptchuk Ted J Phillips Russell S 2003 Systematic Review of Herbs and Dietary Supplements for Glycemic Control in Diabetes Diabetes Care 26 4 1277 1294 doi 10 2337 diacare 26 4 1277 PMID 12663610 Smith D M Pickering R M Lewith G T 31 January 2008 A systematic review of vanadium oral supplements for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus QJM 101 5 351 358 doi 10 1093 qjmed hcn003 PMID 18319296 Schwarz Klaus Milne David B 1971 Growth Effects of Vanadium in the Rat Science 174 4007 426 428 Bibcode 1971Sci 174 426S doi 10 1126 science 174 4007 426 JSTOR 1731776 PMID 5112000 S2CID 24362265 Talbott Shawn M Hughes Kerry 2007 Vanadium The Health Professional s Guide to Dietary Supplements Lippincott Williams amp Wilkins pp 419 422 ISBN 978 0 7817 4672 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vanadyl sulfate amp oldid 1217403593, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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