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Ustica (Italian pronunciation:[ˈustika];[3]Sicilian: Ùstica) is a small Italian island in the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is about 5 kilometres (3 mi) across and is situated 52 kilometres (32 mi) north of Capo Gallo, Sicily. Roughly 1,300 people live in the comune (municipality) of the same name. There is a regular ferry service from the island to Palermo in Sicily.
Excavations begun in 1989 at Tramontana, also known as Faraglioni, have unearthed what was a large prehistoric village dating from the 14th to the 13th century BC. The foundations of some 300 stone-built houses were discovered, and the defensive walls of the settlement are among the strongest fortifications of any period known in Italy. It is believed that these early settlers came over from the Aeolian Islands.
In historic times, the island has been populated at least since about 1500 BC by Phoenician peoples. In ancient Greece, the Island was named Osteodes (ossuary) in memory of the thousands of Carthaginian mutineers left there to die of hunger in the 4th century BC. The Romans renamed the island Ustica, Latin for burnt, for its black rocks. The island is also known locally as the "black pearl".
In the 6th century, a Benedictine community settled in the island, but was soon forced to move because of ongoing wars between Europeans and Arabs. Attempts to colonize the island in the Middle Ages failed because of raids by Barbarypirates.
In the mid-18th century, the island was settled by approximately 90 people from the island of Lipari, an island also located north of Sicily, but east of Ustica. They brought with them the patron saint of Lipari, Bartholomew the Apostle, who became the patron saint of Ustica as well. In the mid- to late 19th century and early 20th century, as the population of the island grew too large, hundreds of Ustican families emigrated to the United States. Many of these families settled in New Orleans and surrounding areas, where there are today thousands of descendants whose ties remain strong to Ustica. A smaller number of families settled in San Jose and San Francisco, in New York, Massachusetts, Oregon, Montana and in Chicago.
Fascist prison islandedit
During the Fascist years in Italy and until the 1950s, Ustica was used as an island prison. Benito Mussolini banished thousands of political opponents to Ustica, often as many as 1,500 at a time; many were homosexuals. Both Antonio Gramsci and Amadeo Bordiga were sent there.[4] In the early 1940s Yugoslav war prisoners were crammed onto the island, and many of them died from malnutrition and tuberculosis. In the 1950s they were followed by suspected Mafiosi expelled from Sicily.[5]
On June 27, 1980, Itavia Flight 870 crashed into the sea off the island while en route to Palermo, killing all 81 people on board. The event became known as the Ustica massacre.
Environmentedit
Location of Ustica in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
The island has limited sources of water, and vegetation is consequently scarce. The coast has numerous rocks and grottoes.
Ustica is particularly known for scuba diving, with a number of diving schools established on the island. Recreational divers are attracted by the relatively deep dives, which are a feature of the island's volcanic geology.
Climateedit
Ustica's climate is classified as hot-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa). The annual average temperature is 18.13 °C (64.6 °F), the hottest month in July is 26.58 °C (79.8 °F), and the coldest month is 11.27 °C (52.3 °F) in February. The annual precipitation is 525.72 millimetres (20.70 in), of which October is the wettest with 78.85 millimetres (3.10 in), while July is the driest with only 3.91 millimetres (0.15 in).
Climate data for Ustica, elevation: 250 m or 820 ft, 1991-2020 normals, extremes 1946–present
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For the village in Croatia see Ustica You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian March 2022 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at it Ustica see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated it Ustica to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Ustica Italian pronunciation ˈustika 3 Sicilian Ustica is a small Italian island in the Tyrrhenian Sea It is about 5 kilometres 3 mi across and is situated 52 kilometres 32 mi north of Capo Gallo Sicily Roughly 1 300 people live in the comune municipality of the same name There is a regular ferry service from the island to Palermo in Sicily UsticaComuneComune di UsticaView of UsticaLocation of UsticaUsticaLocation of Ustica in ItalyShow map of ItalyUsticaUstica Sicily Show map of SicilyCoordinates 38 42 19 N 13 10 34 E 38 70528 N 13 17611 E 38 70528 13 17611CountryItalyRegionSicilyMetropolitan cityPalermo PA Government MayorAldo MessinaArea 1 Total8 24 km2 3 18 sq mi Elevation49 m 161 ft Population 2001 2 Total1 330 Density160 km2 420 sq mi DemonymUsticesi or UsticaniTime zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal code90010Dialing code091 Contents 1 History 1 1 Fascist prison island 2 Environment 3 Tourism 4 Climate 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Ustica news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Excavations begun in 1989 at Tramontana also known as Faraglioni have unearthed what was a large prehistoric village dating from the 14th to the 13th century BC The foundations of some 300 stone built houses were discovered and the defensive walls of the settlement are among the strongest fortifications of any period known in Italy It is believed that these early settlers came over from the Aeolian Islands In historic times the island has been populated at least since about 1500 BC by Phoenician peoples In ancient Greece the Island was named Osteodes ossuary in memory of the thousands of Carthaginian mutineers left there to die of hunger in the 4th century BC The Romans renamed the island Ustica Latin for burnt for its black rocks The island is also known locally as the black pearl In the 6th century a Benedictine community settled in the island but was soon forced to move because of ongoing wars between Europeans and Arabs Attempts to colonize the island in the Middle Ages failed because of raids by Barbary pirates In the mid 18th century the island was settled by approximately 90 people from the island of Lipari an island also located north of Sicily but east of Ustica They brought with them the patron saint of Lipari Bartholomew the Apostle who became the patron saint of Ustica as well In the mid to late 19th century and early 20th century as the population of the island grew too large hundreds of Ustican families emigrated to the United States Many of these families settled in New Orleans and surrounding areas where there are today thousands of descendants whose ties remain strong to Ustica A smaller number of families settled in San Jose and San Francisco in New York Massachusetts Oregon Montana and in Chicago Fascist prison island edit During the Fascist years in Italy and until the 1950s Ustica was used as an island prison Benito Mussolini banished thousands of political opponents to Ustica often as many as 1 500 at a time many were homosexuals Both Antonio Gramsci and Amadeo Bordiga were sent there 4 In the early 1940s Yugoslav war prisoners were crammed onto the island and many of them died from malnutrition and tuberculosis In the 1950s they were followed by suspected Mafiosi expelled from Sicily 5 On June 27 1980 Itavia Flight 870 crashed into the sea off the island while en route to Palermo killing all 81 people on board The event became known as the Ustica massacre Environment edit nbsp Location of Ustica in the Tyrrhenian Sea The island has limited sources of water and vegetation is consequently scarce The coast has numerous rocks and grottoes Ustica is home of the honeybee Apis mellifera sicula Tourism editUstica is particularly known for scuba diving with a number of diving schools established on the island Recreational divers are attracted by the relatively deep dives which are a feature of the island s volcanic geology Climate editUstica s climate is classified as hot summer mediterranean climate Koppen Csa The annual average temperature is 18 13 C 64 6 F the hottest month in July is 26 58 C 79 8 F and the coldest month is 11 27 C 52 3 F in February The annual precipitation is 525 72 millimetres 20 70 in of which October is the wettest with 78 85 millimetres 3 10 in while July is the driest with only 3 91 millimetres 0 15 in Climate data for Ustica elevation 250 m or 820 ft 1991 2020 normals extremes 1946 presentMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 22 4 72 3 23 0 73 4 26 0 78 8 27 2 81 0 33 2 91 8 37 6 99 7 43 0 109 4 39 0 102 2 36 8 98 2 32 2 90 0 27 6 81 7 22 8 73 0 43 0 109 4 Average high C F 13 9 57 0 13 7 56 7 15 5 59 9 17 8 64 0 21 7 71 1 26 1 79 0 29 4 84 9 30 3 86 5 26 7 80 1 23 0 73 4 18 8 65 8 15 3 59 5 21 0 69 8 Daily mean C F 11 7 53 1 11 3 52 3 12 8 55 0 14 9 58 8 18 5 65 3 22 6 72 7 25 8 78 4 26 6 79 9 23 6 74 5 20 4 68 7 16 4 61 5 13 1 55 6 18 1 64 6 Average low C F 9 5 49 1 8 8 47 8 10 2 50 4 12 0 53 6 15 3 59 5 19 1 66 4 22 1 71 8 23 0 73 4 20 5 68 9 17 7 63 9 14 0 57 2 10 9 51 6 15 3 59 5 Record low C F 1 2 29 8 0 5 32 9 1 2 29 8 3 6 38 5 6 4 43 5 10 0 50 0 14 0 57 2 14 2 57 6 12 2 54 0 7 6 45 7 3 0 37 4 1 0 30 2 1 2 29 8 Average precipitation mm inches 60 4 2 38 52 9 2 08 39 2 1 54 34 0 1 34 18 5 0 73 11 6 0 46 3 9 0 15 20 8 0 82 60 7 2 39 78 9 3 11 72 5 2 85 72 3 2 85 525 7 20 70 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 8 69 7 62 6 31 5 31 3 21 1 53 0 72 1 76 5 24 7 36 9 36 9 97 67 08Average relative humidity 79 0 77 5 77 5 76 6 74 7 73 5 73 0 73 6 76 5 78 4 77 3 77 8 76 3Mean monthly sunshine hours 145 4 163 8 213 9 232 8 292 3 308 1 347 2 320 5 243 3 203 1 152 7 135 2 2 758 3Source 1 NOAA 6 Source 2 Temperature estreme in Toscana 7 Gallery edit nbsp An image of Ustica at sunset nbsp Ustica seen from the ferryboat nbsp A panorama of the Ustica harbour nbsp Santa Maria Tower near the Ustica harbour nbsp Tower of the Spalmatore Ustica nbsp The northern coast of UsticaSee also editList of islands of ItalyReferences edit Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011 Italian National Institute of Statistics Retrieved 16 March 2019 Popolazione Residente al 1 Gennaio 2018 Italian National Institute of Statistics Retrieved 16 March 2019 Luciano Canepari Ustica DiPI Online in Italian Retrieved 17 January 2020 Peregalli Arturo Saggioir Sandro 1998 La sconfitta e gli anni oscuri 1926 1945 Milan Edizioni Colibri New Capri Time September 1 1961 Ustica Climate Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Archived from the original on 2023 09 01 Retrieved September 1 2023 Ustica in Italian Temperature estreme in Toscana Archived from the original on 2023 09 01 Retrieved September 1 2023 External links edit nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ustica Ustica Genealogy Ustica Global Volcanism Program Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 14 September 2016 Portals nbsp Geography nbsp Islands nbsp Italy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ustica amp oldid 1173235735, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
